CS 598: Advanced Internet
Brighten Godfrey
Fall 2009
1Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Today
Internet History
Course Overview
What’s Next
2Tuesday, August 25, 2009
This course
• is instructed by Brighten Godfrey ([email protected], 3128 Siebel)
• takes place Tue & Thu, 3:30 - 4:45 pm, in 1302 Siebel
• comes with FREE office hours: currently, Fri 10:30-11:30am (we’ll reselect in a week or two) and by appointment
• has a web site: http://www.cs.illinois.edu/homes/pbg/courses/cs598fa09/
3Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Your Instructor
• Ph.D. from UC Berkeley, Spring 2009, advised by Ion Stoica
• Dissertation on improving resilience and performance of distributed systems by taking advantage of heterogeneity
• Research interests: Design of highly reliable, flexible, and efficient networked systems, algorithms for and analysis of distributed systems. Currently Internet and routing architectures.
4Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Course Goals
• Learn how the Internet works; how the Internet fails to work; new research re-envisioning the architecture and attacking new problems
• Experience in networking research, and how to read, criticize and present papers
5Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Major topics
• Classic Architecture
• Congestion Control
• Routing
• Security
• Measurement
• New Internet Architectures
• Recent Topics (Overlay/P2P, DTN, data center)
Big Challenges
ScaleReliability
IndependenceSelfishness
Maliciousness
Classic & recent, Design & analysis6Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Requirements & Grading
• Project (50%)
• Paper reviews (15%)
• Paper presentations (20%)
• Class participation (15%)
7Tuesday, August 25, 2009
1. Class project
• Goal: research project that could be developed into a conference submission
• Work alone or in groups of two
• Next lecture: Project ideas. Pick one or use your own.
• Steps: (1) topic approval, (2) midterm presentation, (3) final poster presentation, (4) final paper
8Tuesday, August 25, 2009
2. Paper reviews
• Generally two papers per lecture
• Before class, you read them and email me comments (Subject: “CS598 Paper Review”)
• For each paper, one-paragraph review, including at least 2 criticisms
9Tuesday, August 25, 2009
2. Paper reviewsExamples of acceptable comments
• This piece of the system could have been designed better by doing __, because __.
• The system won’t work as claimed because...
• A drawback/benefit not described in the paper is ___.
Examples of unacceptable comments
• Repeating statements in paper abstract
• Spelling mistakes
• Personal remarks
10Tuesday, August 25, 2009
3. Paper presentation
• 20-25 minute presentation including key concepts / techniques / results and your criticism
• 10-15 minutes of discussion during/after
• At least 2 days before it happens, meet with me to show me your presentation
11Tuesday, August 25, 2009
4. Class participation
• Comment, question, interact!
12Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Today
Internet History
Course Overview
What’s Next
13Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Visions
• Vannevar Bush, “As we may think” (1945): memex
• J. C. R. Licklider (1962): “Galactic Network”
• Concept of a global network of computers connecting people with data and programs
• First head of DARPA computer research, October 1962
Bush
Licklider
14Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Circuit switching
1920s1967
15Tuesday, August 25, 2009
1961-64: Packet switching
Circuit Switching Datagram packet switching
Physical channel carrying stream of data from source to destination
Message broken into short packets, each handled separately
Three phase: setup, data transfer, tear-down
One operation: send packet
Data transfer involves no routingPackets stored (queued) in each router, forwarded to appropriate neighbor
16Tuesday, August 25, 2009
• Leonard Kleinrock: queueing-theoretic analysis of packet switching in MIT Ph.D. thesis (1961-63) demonstrated value of statistical multiplexing
• Concurrent work from Paul Baran (RAND), Donald Davies (National Physical Labratories, UK)
Kleinrock
Baran
1961-64: Packet switching
Circuit switching
Time
Packet switching
Time
17Tuesday, August 25, 2009
1965: First computer network
• Lawrence Roberts and Thomas Merrill connect a TX-2 at MIT to a Q-32 in Santa Monica, CA
• ARPA-funded project
• Connected with telephone line – it works, but it’s inefficient and expensive – confirming motivation for packet switching
Roberts
18Tuesday, August 25, 2009
The ARPANET begins
• Roberts joins DARPA (1966), publishes plan for the ARPANET computer network (1967)
• December 1968: Bolt, Beranek, and Newman (BBN) wins bid to build packet switch, the Interface Message Processor
• September 1969: BBN delivers first IMP to Kleinrock’s lab at UCLA
An older Kleinrockwith the first IMP
19Tuesday, August 25, 2009
ARPANET comes alive
Stanford Research Institute (SRI)
“LO”Oct 29, 1969
UCLA
20Tuesday, August 25, 2009
ARPANET grows
• Dec 1970: ARPANET Network Control Protocol (NCP)
• 1971: Telnet, FTP
• 1972: Email (Ray Tomlinson, BBN)
• 1979: USENET
ARPANET, April 1971
21Tuesday, August 25, 2009
22Tuesday, August 25, 2009
ARPANET to Internet
• Meanwhile, other networks such as PRnet, SATNET deveoped
• May 1973: Vinton G. Cerf and Robert E. Kahn present first paper on interconnecting networks
• Concept of connecting diverse networks, unreliable datagrams, global addressing, ...
• Became TCP/IP
Kahn
Cerf
23Tuesday, August 25, 2009
TCP/IP deployment
• TCP/IP implemented on mainframes by groups at Stanford, BBN, UCL
• David Clark implements it on Xerox Alto and IBM PC
• 1982: International Organization for Standards (ISO) releases Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model
• January 1, 1983: “Flag Day” NCP to TCP/IP transition on ARPANET
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
OSI ReferenceModel’s layers
24Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Growth brings change
• Early 1980s: Many new networks: CSNET, BITNET, MFENet, SPAN (NASA), ...
• Nov 1983: DNS developed by Jon Postel, Paul Mockapetris (USC/ISI), Craig Partridge (BBN)
• 1984: Hierarchical routing: EGP and IGP (later to become eBGP and iBGP)
Postel
Partridge
Mockapetris
25Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Growth from Ethernet
• Ethernet: R. Metcalfe and D. Boggs, July 1976
• Spanning Tree protocol: Radia Perlman, 1985
• Made local area networking easy Metcalfe
Perlman
26Tuesday, August 25, 2009
NSFNET
• 1984: NSFNET for US higher education
• Serve many users, not just one field
• Encourage development of private infrastructure (e.g., initially, backbone required to be used for Research and Education)
• Stimulated investment in commercial long-haul networks
• 1990: ARPANET ends
• 1995: NSFNET decommissioned
NSFNET backbone, 1992
27Tuesday, August 25, 2009
The “hourglass” model
IP
TCP UDP
HTTP VoIPFTP
P2P Email ...Web
Ethernet NTP ...
...
Copper Fiber Radio ...
Innovation!
Simple, flexible standard“language of the internet”
Innovation!
28Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Explosive growth!In hosts
29Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Explosive growth!In networks
Inte
rnet
forw
ardi
ng t
able
siz
e
[Huston ’09]Year
(Colors correspondto measurements
from different vantage points)
30Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Explosive growth!In complexity
ethernetsegment
hub
switch
LAN LAN
IP router
Autonomous System
...
BGP router
spanning tree+ learningbroadcast
MPLS, CSPF, OSPF, RIP, ...
eBGP, iBGP
Routing protocols
31Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Explosive growth!In applications
Morris Internet Worm (1988)World wide web (1989)
MOSAIC browser (1992)Search engines
VoiceRadio
Botnets
Streaming videoSocial networking
Peer-to-peer
The results of your class projects!
In devices & technologies
NATs and firewallsWireless everywhereMobile everywhere
Tiny devices (smart phones)
...Giant devices (data centers)
Link speeds 200,000x faster
32Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Huge societal relevance
FridayJune 12
SaturdayJune 13
SundayJune 14
[Source: Renesys]
Routing instabilities and outages in Iranian prefixesfollowing 2009 presidential election
Affe
cted
pre
fixes
33Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Today
Internet History
Course Overview
What’s Next
34Tuesday, August 25, 2009
Upcoming lectures
• Thursday Aug. 27: Discussion of challenges for the Internet, project, project topic suggestions
• Tuesday Sept. 1:
• Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, “A protocol for packet network intercommunication”, IEEE Transactions on Communications, Vol. 22 No. 5, May 1974.
• David Clark, “The Design Philosophy of the DARPA Internet Protocols”, Proc. SIGCOMM 1988.
• Thu Sept. 3: You begin presenting!
• Full reading list available next week
35Tuesday, August 25, 2009
And finally...
• Name
• Email address
• Educational situation (Masters / PhD, research area, one or two sentences about your background in networking)
If you are taking this course,please email me your
36Tuesday, August 25, 2009