Briefing to EOH3202 Occupational Health Guide for Week 1-7

Briefing to EOH3202 Occupational HealthGuide for Week 1-7

PJJ Bacelor Sains Sumber Manusia (Pembangunan)16 February 2014Dr. Emilia Zainal Abidin

Department of Environmental and Occupational HealthFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences UPM

I am here to assist you

Dr. Emilia Zainal AbidinBSc. Biochem (UKM), MSc. Occupational Health (UKM), PhD Environ Med (Aberdeen)

Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra MalaysiaPhone No.: 03-8947 [email protected]

Course SynopsisThis course include

Discussion about the health, safety and welfare of employees and the organization and functions.Health problems caused by disease agents associated with the various types of work.Exposure to workers' compensation issues as well as stress at work.Occupational health principles, principles of prevention and control measures are also discussed.

Why is this course important?

OPERATOR KILLED WHEN HEAVY VEHICLE PLUNGES DOWN SLOPE

Borneo Post Online, 20 September 2013FATAL PLUNGE: The wheel loader at the base of the hill following the incident.

BAU: A heavy machinery operator was killed while another man was seriously injured in a freak accident at a quarry at Paku yesterday after the vehicle they were in fell off a slope and landed on its roof.Thomas and two mechanics were negotiating a hill at the site using a wheel loader after earlier inspecting a broken-down excavator.The wheel loader was said to have suddenly experienced mechanical problems of its own, resulting in Thomas bringing it to a halt before putting it into reverse. At that moment, however, the vehicle slipped and plunged about 20 metres down the hill slope and landed on its roof.Thomas died on the spot from serious head and body injuries, while one of the mechanics, a 24-year-old man, was seriously wounded.

Trend in Malaysia

http://www.dosh.gov.my/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=953:osh-accident-cost-calculator-oshacc&catid=474:e-aplikasi&Itemid=1224&lang=en

OSH Calculator

Where are you right now?

Yeskes-Dodson Curve

Course ObjectivesTo correlate occupational health services and the role played by the government and other institutions in the field of occupational health in Malaysia (C5, TS)To identify the source of exposure to biological, chemicals and physical agents and its hazardous effects to workers health and to control and manage the hazards (A4, LL)To understand the details of the diseases that can be found in the workplace (P4, CS)

Never mind the course objectives, but the most important point, how will I be assessed?

Course AssessmentAssessment for this course is divided into:(i) Overall Continuous Assessment 30 %

Assignment 1 (group work) 10 %Assignment 2 (individual) 20 %

(ii) Mid-term Examination 30 %(i) + (ii) 60%(ii) Final Examination 40% Overall Total 100%

So far any questions?

AssignmentsTopics for Group Assignment [10%]

Divide yourselves into a group of 10. Select any ONE [1] of the following topic for research and write-up of report. Students are requested to search for information from reference books and from other sources available on relevant websites.1. Identify all relevant hazards in a semi-conductor

manufacturing sector/industry and methods (suggestions) to manage and control only THREE [3] major hazards which have been identified.

Tip: The management and control of hazards should be described in terms of hierarchy of control (Unit 4 page 36 in module)

Explain hazards in terms of these:

Physical: elevated objects, noise, high voltage, mechanical injuryChemical: hydrocarbon under pressure, toxic materials, solventsBiological: virus, needle stick injuryErgonomic: poor body posture, carry heavy weights, repetitive workPsychosocial: stress or violence at the workplace

Physical hazard

Chemical hazard

Biological hazard

Ergonomic hazard

Psychological hazard

Use the hierarchy of hazard control for your report

Individual assignmentsTopics for Individual Assignment 1 [4%]

Please answer the given quiz and submit by the 4th week of this semester

Topics for Individual Assignment 2 [8%] (SCL)

Submit your answers by the end of week 7

Topics for Individual Assignment 3 [8%] (SCL)

Submit your answers by the end of week 13

Individual Assignment [4%]

Write a short note to explain the function of each organization in the field of Occupational Health

1. Ministry of Health2. Niosh3. MIHA4. DOSH5. SOCSO6. CIDB

Main ReferencesModule EOH3202Aw, T.C., Gardiner, K. & Harrington, J.M. (2007). Pocket Consultant: Occupational Health. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.La Dou, J. (2007). Current Occupational and Environmental Medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill.Sadhra, S.S. & Rampal, K.G. (1999). Occupational Health: Risk Assessment and Management. Blackwell Science. Buku Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994.Buku Akta Kilang dan Jentera1967.Noor Hassim Ismail dan Emilia Zainal Abidin (2014) Kesihatan di Tempat Kerja. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka

Other ReferencesNational Institute of Occupational Safety and Health. (2004). Overtime and Extended Work Shifts: Recent Findings on Illness, Injuries and Health Behaviours. Washington: DHHS (NIOSH).Lingard, H & Rowlinson, S. (2005). Occupational Health and Safety in Construction Project Management. Oxon: Spon Press.

What will happen without good occupational health governance?

Bhopal tragedy, IndiaDecember 1984, a highly toxic gas was leaked from a pesticide plant in cityWinds spread the poison through a densely populated areaMany died instantly, others as they tried to flee, more than 20,000 people died in total in the aftermath of the leak

Bhopal and Union Carbide

Recent tragediesChernobyl nuclear disaster, Kiev, Ukraine

April 26, 1986, a reactor at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant experienced a catastrophic failure Resulted in the worst nuclear power disaster in historydue to a flawed reactor design and poorly trained plant personnelAmount of radiation released was at least 100 X that of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombs combined

Chernobyl

Bright Sparklers fireworks explosion at Sungai Buloh

Tragedy happened in 7th May, 1991Fireworks factory and fire killed 22 people and injured 103 othersBright Sparklers Sdn. Bhd violated many laws to carry out dangerous operationCommission found that legislations pertaining to siting, construction, maintenance and operations of the factory were not adhered to

What is Occupational Health?

Definition 1: Occupational Health is the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of physical, mental and social well-being of workers in all occupations by preventing departures from health, controlling risks and the adaptation of work to people, and people to their jobs

(ILO-WHO 1950)

Definition 2 - Occupational Health is the maintenance and promotion of workers’ health and working capacity, improvement of working environment and work to become conducive to safety and health and the Development of work organisation and working culture – safe, healthy and enhance productivity

(ILO-WHO Committee on Occupational Health 1955)

Buried by mill scale at pier

What would you suggest as an Occupational Health professional(Figure 1).

What improvements would you suggest as an Occupational Health professional?

(Figure 1) (Figure 2)

OH accidents: ExampleBuried by Mill Scale At Pier

Around 8.45 am on February 24, 2012 a fatal accident occurred at Port Klang, Selangor involving a Bangladeshi employee who worked with the cleaning contractorDuring the accident, the victim was collecting mill scale that has spilled on the pier floor under the path of the wharf crane (capacity 20 tons), which, at the time was unloading the mill scale from vessels into the hopper on the pier (Figure 1). While the grab bucket used to transport the mill scale passing through the area where the victim was working, grab bucket had opened suddenly and cause the load carried to fall and buried the victim below (Figure 2).Victim died on the way to the hospital.

OH accidents: Example pierHazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control [HIRARC] should be done more thoroughly

Cleaning work should not be performed while the grab bucket was operatingSafe work procedures

Supervision over a workInvestigation should be carried out on every near missed incident and dangerous occurrences The causes of these incidents, particularly those involving mechanical failure of a machine must be identifiedActivities such as scheduled maintenance and inspection of machineries should be performed

EXAMPLE OF HIRARC

EXAMPLE 2

Self-learningMid semester’s testBased on Unit 1-11Self-learning according to the given module

Mid semester’s testChapter 1 to 11 from moduleWhat would you prefer? Any requests?

2 hours examination?50 objectives?5 out of 8 short answer questions?

What to focus on?Chapter 1: Introduction to Occupational Health

Historical perspective of occupational health

Chapter 2: Roles of occupational health professionalsWhat are the competencies in occupational health

What to focus on?Chapter 3: History of Occupational Health Services

SOCSODOSHNIOSHKKM

What to focus on?Chapter 4: Introduction to Hazard

What are the hazards in occupational health?How to identify risks? What are the steps?

Chapter 5: Legal requirements of OSHHow law in Malaysia evolved?OSH Act 1994FMA Act 1967

What to focus on?Chapter 6: Noise

How to control noise exposure?What are the laws regarding noise?

Chapter 7: Physical hazard – suspended particulates

Fractions of dustsWhat are Aerosols?

What to focus on?Chapter 8: Physical hazard – radiation and heat

Ionizing and non-ionizing radiationsExamples of each

Chapter 9: Ergonomic hazardDefinitionExamples of ergonomic health problems

What to focus on?Chapter 10: Chemical Hazard: Organic solvent poisoning

The health effectsThe methods to controlWhat tests are used in the workplaceWhy solvents are hazardous

Chapter 11: Chemical Hazard: Heavy metalWhat tasks will expose workersHow to measure metals in worker’s biological samples?

Examples of Neurotoxic Solvents

trichloroethylene styrene tetrachloroethane xylene white spiritmethylene chloride

Q16 questionnaire for CNS symptoms for chronic exposure to organic

solventQuestions – Yes or No answer

Do you have a short memory?

Have your relatives told you that you have a short memory?

Do you often make notes about what you must remember?

Do you often have to go back and check things you have done such as turned off the stove, locked the door, etc?

Do you generally find it hard to get the meaning from reading newspapers and books?

Do you often have problems with concentrating?

Do you often feel irritated without any particular reason?

Do you often feel depressed without any particular reason?

Are you abnormally tired?

Are you less interested in sex that what you think is normal?

Do you have palpitations of the heart even when you don’t exert yourself?

Do you sometimes feel oppression in your chest?

Do you perspire without any particular reason?

Do you have a headache at least once a week?

Do you often have painful tingling in some parts of your body?

Do you have any problems with buttoning and unbuttoning?

ANSWERSA total of more than 4 positive answers in a worker younger than 28 years of age, orA total of more than 6 positive answers in a worker aged 28 years or older.

Where are you right now?

Yeskes-Dodson Curve

Thank you for your attention

Success is in your hands!