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BRIEFING FOLDER ON BRIEFING FOLDER ON ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIA STATUS
DETERMINATION AND PROTECTION INFORMATION SECTION (SDPIS) STATUS
DETERMINATION AND PROTECTION INFORMATION SECTION (SDPIS) DIVISION
OF INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION SERVICES (DIPS) DIVISION OF
INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION SERVICES (DIPS) United Nations High
Commissioner for Refugees United Nations High Commissioner for
Refugees CP 2500, CH-1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland CP 2500, CH-1211
Geneva 2, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] Web Site:
http://www.refworld.org E-mail: [email protected] Web Site:
http://www.refworld.org January 2010
http://www.%20refworld.org/
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
Table of Contents
CORE UNHCR DOCUMENTS
........................................................................................3
A. BACKGROUND
INFORMATION....................................................................................4
A.1 General Information; Country Profile; Maps
................................................... 4 a. Country
Profile
.................................................................................................
4 b. Maps
.................................................................................................................
6 c. Language
..........................................................................................................
7
A.2. Political and Security Situation
........................................................................
7 A.3. Human Rights Situation (in General)
...............................................................
9
B. LEGAL
CONTEXT.....................................................................................................11
B.1. Citizenship; Identification; Nationality; Statelessness
................................... 11 B.2. Judiciary; Legal and
Penal Systems
............................................................... 11
B.3. Political Structure; Political
Parties................................................................
12 B.4. Internal Security; Police; Armed Forces
........................................................ 13
C. INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS
....................................................14 C.1.
Refugees and Asylum-Seekers
.......................................................................
14 C.2. Internally Displaced Persons
..........................................................................
15 C.3. Political Opinion; Political
Activities.............................................................
15 C.4. Women; Gender Issues; Domestic Violence;
Children.................................. 17 C.5. Membership of a
Particular Social Group
.......................................................... 19 C.6.
Race; Ethnicity; Minority Rights
........................................................................
20 C.7. Freedom of Religion and
Belief..........................................................................
24 C.8. Freedom of Speech and Expression: Media
Issues............................................. 26 C.9. Freedom
of Movement; Travel Documents; Entry and Exit
.............................. 27 C.10. Military Service; Forced
Conscription; Draft Evasion .....................................
28 C.11. Exclusion
..........................................................................................................
28
D. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
....................................................................................29
D.1. Early Warning; Conflict
Prevention...............................................................
29 D.2. Education; Food; Health; Employment; Social
Rights................................... 29 D.3. Migration; Mixed
Flows, Secondary
Movement............................................ 32 D.4.
Miscellaneous
.................................................................................................
33 D.5. Suggested Websites; Further
Reading............................................................
33
2
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
CORE UNHCR DOCUMENTS
LATEST COUNTRY POSITIONS: - Applicability of the “Ceased
Circumstances” Cessation Clauses to Pre-1991 Refugees
From Ethiopia, 23 September 1999 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=416574504
LATEST COUNTRY OPERATIONS PLAN (COP): - Country Operations Plan
– Ethiopia: 2008, 1 September 2007 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/471624960.html LATEST
OPERATIONAL DOCUMENTS: - UNHCR Global Appeal 2010-2011 – Ethiopia,
1 December 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/4b02cb7b9.html - UNHCR
Global Report 2008 - Ethiopia, 1 June 2009 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/4a2d232b2.html
3
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=416574504http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/471624960.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/4b02cb7b9.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/4a2d232b2.html
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
A. BACKGROUND INFORMATION
A.1 General Information; Country Profile; Maps
a. Country Profile A.1.1 US Department of State, Bureau of
African Affairs, Background Note: Ethiopia,
December 2009 URL: http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2859.htm
A.1.2 Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook, Ethiopia,
30 November 2009 URL:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html
A.1.3 Reuters AlertNet, Crisis Briefing: Ethiopia Ogaden Crisis,
19 October 2009 URL:
http://www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/ET_OGA.htm
A.1.4 Encyclopedia Britannica Online, Ethiopia, (accessed on) 23
September 2009 URL:
http://www.britannica.com/new-multimedia/pdf/wordat065.pdf
A.1.5 Reuters AlertNet, Country Profile Ethiopia, (accessed on)
23 September 2009 URL:
http://www.alertnet.org/db/cp/ethiopia.htm
A.1.6 Institute for Security Studies, Country File: Ethiopia,
(accessed on) 23 September 2009 URL:
http://www.issafrica.org/index.php?link_id=14&slink_id=3913&link_type=12&slink_type=12&tmpl_id=3
A.1.7 Business Anti-Corruption Portal, Ethiopia Country Profile,
(accessed on) 23
September 2009
URL:http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/ethiopia/snapshot/
A.1.8 Horn of Africa Political Scene (HOA), Ethiopia Country
Profile, (accessed on) 23 September 2009 URL:
http://www.hoa-politicalscene.com/ethiopia-country-profile.html
A.1.9 UN Data, World Statistics Pocketbook, Country Profile:
Ethiopia, (accessed on) 23 September 2009 URL:
http://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Ethiopia
A.1.10 University of California African Studies Center, Ethiopia
Country Profile, (accessed on) 23 September 2009 URL:
http://www.international.ucla.edu/africa/countries/article.asp?parentid=96739
A.1.11 UN Economic Commission for Africa, Ethiopia Country
Integration Profile, 23 September 2009 URL:
http://knowledge.uneca.org/member-states/observatory-on-regional-integration/african-countries-profiles/ethiopia/
4
http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2859.htmhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.htmlhttp://www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/ET_OGA.htmhttp://www.britannica.com/new-multimedia/pdf/wordat065.pdfhttp://www.alertnet.org/db/cp/ethiopia.htmhttp://www.issafrica.org/index.php?link_id=14&slink_id=3913&link_type=12&slink_type=12&tmpl_id=3http://www.issafrica.org/index.php?link_id=14&slink_id=3913&link_type=12&slink_type=12&tmpl_id=3http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/ethiopia/snapshot/http://www.business-anti-corruption.com/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/ethiopia/snapshot/http://www.hoa-politicalscene.com/ethiopia-country-profile.htmlhttp://data.un.org/CountryProfile.aspx?crName=Ethiopiahttp://www.international.ucla.edu/africa/countries/article.asp?parentid=96739http://knowledge.uneca.org/member-states/observatory-on-regional-integration/african-countries-profiles/ethiopia/http://knowledge.uneca.org/member-states/observatory-on-regional-integration/african-countries-profiles/ethiopia/
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
A.1.12 United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC),
Ethiopia: Country
Profile, (accessed on) 23 September 2009 URL:
http://www.unodc.org/kenya/en/country_profile_ethi.html
A.1.13 United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 2007/2008
Human Development Report Country Fact-Sheet: Ethiopia, (accessed
on) 23 September 2009 URL:
http://origin-hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_ETH.html
A.1.14 The Fund for Peace, Failed States Index 2009 - Ethiopia
Country Profile, 28 August 2009 URL:
http://www.fundforpeace.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=417&
Itemid=581
A.1.15 BBC News, Timeline - Ethiopia A chronology of key events,
12 August 2009 URL:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1072219.stm
A.1.16 BBC News, Country Profile: Ethiopia, 12 August 2009
URL:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1072164.stm
A.1.17 UK Home Office, Country of Origin Information Key Documents,
10 August
2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a8cfef02.html
A.1.18 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), ICRC
Annual Report 2008 - Ethiopia, 27 May 2009 URL:
http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/annual-report-2008-ethiopia/$File/icrc_
ar_08_ethiopia.pdf
A.1.19 The Guardian, Country Profile: Ethiopia, 21 April 2009
URL: http://www.guardian.co.uk/country-profile/ethiopia
A.1.20 The World Bank, Data Profile for Ethiopia, April 2009
URL:
http://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/ddpreports/ViewSharedReport?&CF=1&REPORT_ID
=9147&REQUEST_TYPE=VIEWADVANCED&HF=N&WSP=N
A.1.21 The World Bank, Country Brief: Ethiopia, April 2009 URL:
http://go.worldbank.org/WA1RL12OL0
A.1.22 Immigration and Refugee Board Canada, National
Documentation Package, 20
March 2009 URL:
http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/index_e.htm?id=955
A.1.23 The Economist – Economist Intelligence Unit, Country
Profile 2009 – Ethiopia, February 2009 URL:
http://store.eiu.com/country/ET.html
A.1.24 UNESCO, UNESCO Institute for Statistics (UIS) Statistics
in Brief: General Profile Ethiopia, 2009
5
http://www.unodc.org/kenya/en/country_profile_ethi.htmlhttp://origin-hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_ETH.htmlhttp://www.fundforpeace.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=417&Itemid=581http://www.fundforpeace.org/web/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=417&Itemid=581http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/1072219.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/country_profiles/1072164.stmhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a8cfef02.htmlhttp://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/annual-report-2008-ethiopia/$File/icrc_ar_08_ethiopia.pdfhttp://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/annual-report-2008-ethiopia/$File/icrc_ar_08_ethiopia.pdfhttp://www.guardian.co.uk/country-profile/ethiopiahttp://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/ddpreports/ViewSharedReport?&CF=1&REPORT_ID=9147&REQUEST_TYPE=VIEWADVANCED&HF=N&WSP=Nhttp://ddp-ext.worldbank.org/ext/ddpreports/ViewSharedReport?&CF=1&REPORT_ID=9147&REQUEST_TYPE=VIEWADVANCED&HF=N&WSP=Nhttp://go.worldbank.org/WA1RL12OL0http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/index_e.htm?id=955http://store.eiu.com/country/ET.html
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
URL:
http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=147&IF_Langua
ge=eng&BR_Country=2300&BR_Region=40540
A.1.25 The Africa Report, Country Profile: Ethiopia, 21 November
2008
URL:
http://www.theafricareport.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3278
601:country-profile-ethiopia&catid=42:east-africa&Itemid=79
A.1.26 UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office, Country Profile:
Ethiopia, 17 April 2008 URL:
http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/ethiopia
A.1.27 Reuters AlertNet, Crisis Briefing: Ethiopia-Eritrea
Border, 6 March 2008
URL: http://www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/EE_BOR.htm A.1.28
Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN), Humanitarian
Country
Profile, (last updated) February 2007 URL:
http://www.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=ET&RegionCode=HOA
A.1.29 US Library of Congress, Country Profile: Ethiopia, April
2005 URL: http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Ethiopia.pdf
b. Maps A.1.30 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian
Affairs (OCHA), Map of IDPs
and Refugees in Central and East Africa: September 2009, 15
October 2009 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ae8115112.html
A.1.31 International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Maps of
ICRC operations in
Ethiopia 2009, 26 September 2009 URL:
http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/map_ethiopia/$File/ethiopia_app_
2009.png
A.1.32 US Agency for International Development (USAID), USG
Humanitarian Assistance to Ethiopia, 12 June 2009 URL:
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/1BD57565CC9464B685257
5D30071DBE3/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement
A.1.33 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
(OCHA), Horn of Africa Crisis (as of Feb 2009), 11 May 2009 URL:
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/EC8270C0846521BFC12575B7
002E5F3A/$File/rw_FFS_hoa0904.pdf?OpenElement
A.1.34 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
(OCHA), Conflicts in Central and East Africa, 9 February 2009 URL:
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/9D000282AEED6E67C125755A
0033165A/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement
A.1.35 UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
(OCHA), Ethiopia Hotspot Map, 5 February 2009
6
http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=147&IF_Language=eng&BR_Country=2300&BR_Region=40540http://stats.uis.unesco.org/unesco/TableViewer/document.aspx?ReportId=147&IF_Language=eng&BR_Country=2300&BR_Region=40540http://www.theafricareport.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3278601:country-profile-ethiopia&catid=42:east-africa&Itemid=79http://www.theafricareport.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3278601:country-profile-ethiopia&catid=42:east-africa&Itemid=79http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/about-the-fco/country-profiles/sub-saharan-africa/ethiopiahttp://www.alertnet.org/db/crisisprofiles/EE_BOR.htmhttp://www.irinnews.org/country.aspx?CountryCode=ET&RegionCode=HOAhttp://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Ethiopia.pdfhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ae8115112.htmlhttp://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/map_ethiopia/$File/ethiopia_app_2009.pnghttp://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/map_ethiopia/$File/ethiopia_app_2009.pnghttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/1BD57565CC9464B6852575D30071DBE3/$File/map.pdf?OpenElementhttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/1BD57565CC9464B6852575D30071DBE3/$File/map.pdf?OpenElementhttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/EC8270C0846521BFC12575B7002E5F3A/$File/rw_FFS_hoa0904.pdf?OpenElementhttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/EC8270C0846521BFC12575B7002E5F3A/$File/rw_FFS_hoa0904.pdf?OpenElementhttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/9D000282AEED6E67C125755A0033165A/$File/map.pdf?OpenElementhttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/9D000282AEED6E67C125755A0033165A/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
URL:
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/ACF28B9148C424AE852575A
5006CA570/$File/map.pdf?OpenElement
A.1.36 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Internal
Displacement in Ethiopia Map, 30 October 2007 URL:
http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/288F444569
5A1635C125738400386B52/$file/Eth_IDMC_Oct07.gif
A.1.37 UNHCR, Ethiopia General Map - September 2006, 31 August
2006 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/4541b7164.html
A.1.38 UNHCR, Ethiopia Eritrea border, 2 December 2005 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/441688250.pdf
c. Language A.1.39 Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), Ethnologue: Languages
of Ethiopia, Sixteenth edition, 2009
URL: http://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=ET
A.1.40 A.1.39 Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), Ethnologue: Language Map -
Southwestern Ethiopia, Sixteenth edition, 2009 URL:
http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=ET&seq=20
A.1.41 A.1.39 Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), Ethnologue: Language Map -
Djibouti, Eritrea, and Ethiopia, Sixteenth edition, 2009 URL:
http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=ET&seq=10
A.2. Political and Security Situation A.2.1. Inter Press Service
News Agency, Ethnic Federalism Could Lead to Election
Violence, 21 September 2009 URL:
http://allafrica.com/stories/200909210863.html
A.2.2. Reuters AlertNet, Ethiopia PM: ethnic violence claim is
contemptible, 17
September 2009 URL:
http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LH073442.htm
A.2.3. The East Africa, Violent Eruption' Brewing May Spill Into
EA, 14 September 2009 URL:
http://allafrica.com/stories/200909140850.html
A.2.4. International Crisis Group (ICG), Ethiopia: Ethnic
Federalism and Its Discontents, 4 September 2009 URL:
http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=6300&l=1
A.2.5. The Associated Press, Ethiopia and Eritrea settle
dispute, New York Times, 19 August 2009 URL:
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/19/world/africa/19briefs-Ethiopia.html
7
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/ACF28B9148C424AE852575A5006CA570/$File/map.pdf?OpenElementhttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/ACF28B9148C424AE852575A5006CA570/$File/map.pdf?OpenElementhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/288F4445695A1635C125738400386B52/$file/Eth_IDMC_Oct07.gifhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004BE3B1/(httpInfoFiles)/288F4445695A1635C125738400386B52/$file/Eth_IDMC_Oct07.gifhttp://www.unhcr.org/4541b7164.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/publ/PUBL/441688250.pdfhttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_country.asp?name=EThttp://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=ET&seq=20http://www.ethnologue.com/show_map.asp?name=ET&seq=10http://allafrica.com/stories/200909210863.htmlhttp://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LH073442.htmhttp://allafrica.com/stories/200909140850.htmlhttp://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=6300&l=1http://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/19/world/africa/19briefs-Ethiopia.html
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
A.2.6. BBC News, Eritrea to pay Ethiopia millions, 18 August
2009 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8208285.stm
A.2.7. US Department of State, Advancing Freedom and Democracy
Reports: Ethiopia, May 2009 URL:
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/afdr/2009/af/122826.htm
A.2.8. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN),
Ethiopia: Giving peace a chance in South Omo, 21 May 2009 URL:
http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84479
A.2.9. US Department of State, U.S. Department of State Country
Reports on Terrorism 2008 – Africa Overview, 30 April 2009 URL:
http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2008/122412.htm
A.2.10. Reuters AlertNet, Eritrea rejects mediation on Ethiopia
border row, 21 February 2009 URL:
http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LL589491.htm
A.2.11. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN),
Ethiopia-Somalia: Ethiopian troops leave parts of Mogadishu,13
January 2009 URL:
http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82337
A.2.12. The New York Times (NYT), Ethiopians Withdraw From Key
Bases, 13 January 2009 URL:
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/14/world/africa/14somalia.html
A.2.13. UN News Centre, Final border report on Ethiopia-Eritrea
dispute sent to Security Council, 13 October 2008 URL:
http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=28548&Cr=ethiopia&Cr1=eritrea
A.2.14. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN),
Ethiopia-Eritrea: Urgent need for dialogue after departure of
UNMEE, says analyst, 1 August 2008 URL:
http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=79573
A.2.15. BBC News, Eritrea allays fears over new war, 31 July
2008
URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7534623.stm
A.2.16. UN Security Council, Security Council resolution 1827
(2008) [on termination of the mandate of the United Nations Mission
in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE)], 30 July 2008, S/RES/1827 (2008),
30 July 2008 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4891d36a2.html
A.2.17. International Crisis Group (ICG), Beyond the Fragile
Peace between Ethiopia and Eritrea: Averting New War, 17 June 2008
URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4857dc6f2.html
A.2.18. The Independent, Former Ethiopian dictator Mengistu
sentenced to death, 27 May 2008
8
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/8208285.stmhttp://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/afdr/2009/af/122826.htmhttp://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=84479http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2008/122412.htmhttp://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LL589491.htmhttp://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=82337http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/14/world/africa/14somalia.htmlhttp://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=28548&Cr=ethiopia&Cr1=eritreahttp://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=79573http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7534623.stmhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4891d36a2.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4857dc6f2.html
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
URL:
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/former-ethiopian-dictator-mengistu-sentenced-to-death-834594.html
A.2.19. BBC News, UN fears new Ethiopia-Eritrea war, 11 April
2008 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7341833.stm
A.2.20. UN Security Council, Special report of the
Secretary-General on the United
Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea, S/2008/226, 7 April
2008 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47ff86ea2.html
A.3. Human Rights Situation (in General) A.3.1. Human Rights
Watch, World Report 2010 – Ethiopia, 20 January 2010
URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b586cf328.html A.3.2.
UN Human Rights Committee (HRC), Consideration of reports submitted
by
States parties under article 40 of the Covenant: International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights : 1st periodic report of
States parties: Ethiopia, 22 October 2009 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b2600e12.html
A.3.3. Landmine Monitor, 2008 Report: Ethiopia, (accessed on) 23
September 2009
URL:
http://lm.icbl.org/index.php/publications/display?act=submit&pqs_year=2008&pqs_type
=lm&pqs_report=ethiopia&pqs_section=
A.3.4. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Report on
the Implementation of
the Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or
Degrading Treatment or Punishment - An Initial, Extended Report, 28
July 2009 URL:
http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/docs/CAT.C.ETH.1_en.pdf
A.3.5. Freedom House, Freedom in the world 2009 – Ethiopia, 16
July 2009 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a6452bac.html
A.3.6. Human Rights Watch, Ethiopia: Amend Draft Terror Law -
Proposed
Counterterrorism Legislation Violates Human Rights, 30 June 2009
URL:
http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/30/ethiopia-amend-draft-terror-law
A.3.7. Amnesty International, Amnesty International Report 2009
– Ethiopia, 27 May 2009 URL:
http://report2009.amnesty.org/en/regions/africa/ethiopia
A.3.8. Amnesty International, Death Sentences and Executions in
2008, March 2009 URL:
http://www.amnestyusa.org/abolish/annual_report/DeathSentencesExecutions2008.pdf
A.3.9. US Department of State, 2008 Reports on Human Rights
Practice: Ethiopia, 25 February 2009 URL:
http://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/af/119001.htm
A.3.10. Human Rights Watch, New Law Ratchets up Repression, 8
January 2009 URL:
http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/01/08/ethiopia-new-law-ratchets-repression
9
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/former-ethiopian-dictator-mengistu-sentenced-to-death-834594.htmlhttp://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/former-ethiopian-dictator-mengistu-sentenced-to-death-834594.htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7341833.stmhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47ff86ea2.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b586cf328.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b2600e12.htmlhttp://lm.icbl.org/index.php/publications/display?act=submit&pqs_year=2008&pqs_type=lm&pqs_report=ethiopia&pqs_section=http://lm.icbl.org/index.php/publications/display?act=submit&pqs_year=2008&pqs_type=lm&pqs_report=ethiopia&pqs_section=http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cat/docs/CAT.C.ETH.1_en.pdfhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a6452bac.htmlhttp://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/30/ethiopia-amend-draft-terror-lawhttp://report2009.amnesty.org/en/regions/africa/ethiopiahttp://www.amnestyusa.org/abolish/annual_report/DeathSentencesExecutions2008.pdfhttp://www.state.gov/g/drl/rls/hrrpt/2008/af/119001.htmhttp://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/01/08/ethiopia-new-law-ratchets-repression
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
A.3.11. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN),
Ethiopia: New law on
charities passed despite objections, 6 January 2009 URL:
http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=82223
A.3.12. The Protection Project, Human Rights Report Ethiopia
(International Framework For The Elimination Of Trafficking In
Persons, Especially Women and Children), 2008 URL:
http://www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/ethiopia.doc
A.3.13. Human Rights Watch, The House Committee on Foreign
Affairs “The human rights and humanitarian situation in the Horn of
Africa, 3 October 2007 URL:
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EKOI-77N37S?OpenDocument
A.3.14. US Department of State, Ethiopia and the state of
democracy: Effects on human rights and humanitarian conditions in
the Ogaden and Somalia, 2 October 2007 URL:
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/EKOI-77M2JG?OpenDocument
A.3.15. US Department of State, U.S. Department of State 2007
Trafficking in Persons
Report - Ethiopia, 12 June 2007 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=467be3b0c
A.3.16. Amnesty International, Horn of Africa: Unlawful
Transfers in the 'War on
Terror', 25 May 2007 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=465bf317a8
A.3.17. Amnesty International, Ethiopia: Prisoners of conscience
on trial for treason: opposition party leaders, human rights
defenders and journalists, May 2007 URL:
http://www.amnesty.org/en/report/info/AFR25/013/2006
A.3.18. World Organisation Against Torture, Ethiopia: The
Situation of Human Rights Defenders From Bad to Worse, 22 December
2006 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46af4d2b0
A.3.19. Human Rights Watch, Suppressing Dissent. Human rights
abuses and political repression in Ethiopia's Oromiya region, 10
May 2005 URL:
http://hrw.org/reports/2005/ethiopia0505/ethiopia0505.pdf
A.3.20. World Organisation Against Torture, Ethiopia: Human
Rights Defenders under Pressure, April 2005 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46c190620
10
http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=82223http://www.protectionproject.org/human_rights_reports/report_documents/ethiopia.dochttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/EKOI-77N37S?OpenDocumenthttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900SID/EKOI-77M2JG?OpenDocumenthttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=467be3b0chttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=465bf317a8http://www.amnesty.org/en/report/info/AFR25/013/2006http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46af4d2b0http://hrw.org/reports/2005/ethiopia0505/ethiopia0505.pdfhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46c190620
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
B. LEGAL CONTEXT
B.1. Citizenship; Identification; Nationality; Statelessness
B.1.1 The International Observatory on Statelessness, Global Survey
on Statelessness
Ethiopia, 24 September 2009 URL:
http://www.nationalityforall.org/ethiopia
B.1.2 Southwick, Katherine, Ethiopia-Eritrea: Statelessness and
state succession, Forced Migration Review, Issue 32, April 2009
URL: http://www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR32/FMR32.pdf
B.1.3 Refugees International, Nationality Rights for All: A
Progress Report and Global Survey on Statelessness, March 2009 URL:
http://www.refintl.org/sites/default/files/RI%20Stateless%20Report_FINAL_031109.pdf
B.1.4 Refugees International, Ethiopia-Eritrea: Stalemate takes
Toll on Eritreans and Ethiopians of Eritrean Origin, 30 May 2008
URL:
http://www.refugeesinternational.org/policy/field-report/ethiopia-eritrea-stalemate-takes-toll-eritreans-and-ethiopians-eritrean-origin
B.1.5 Thomas, Louise, Refugees and Asylum Seekers from Mixed
Eritrean and
Ethiopian Familities in Cairo, The Son of a snake is a Snake,
FMRS Working Paper No.7, June 2006 URL:
http://www.aucegypt.edu/ResearchatAUC/rc/cmrs/reports/Documents/Mixedfamilies.pdf
B.1.6 Proclamation on Ethiopian Nationality, No. 378 of 2003, 23
December 2003 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/409100414.html
B.1.7 Human Rights Watch, The Horn of Africa War: Mass
Expulsions and the Nationality Issue, 30 January 2003 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f4f59523.html
B.1.8 Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of
Ethiopia, 21 August 1995 URL:
http://www.ethiopianembassy.org/constitution.pdf
B.1.9 Ethiopian Nationality Law of 1930, 22 July 1930 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b52ac.html
B.2. Judiciary; Legal and Penal Systems B.2.1. Committee to
Protect Journalists, Annual Prison Census 2009: Ethiopia, 8
December 2009 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b220ca028.html
B.2.2. The Sudan Tribune, Ethiopia endorses anti-terrorism law
unchanged, 9 July 2009
URL: http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article31755
11
http://www.nationalityforall.org/ethiopiahttp://www.fmreview.org/FMRpdfs/FMR32/FMR32.pdfhttp://www.refintl.org/sites/default/files/RI%20Stateless%20Report_FINAL_031109.pdfhttp://www.refugeesinternational.org/policy/field-report/ethiopia-eritrea-stalemate-takes-toll-eritreans-and-ethiopians-eritrean-originhttp://www.refugeesinternational.org/policy/field-report/ethiopia-eritrea-stalemate-takes-toll-eritreans-and-ethiopians-eritrean-originhttp://www.aucegypt.edu/ResearchatAUC/rc/cmrs/reports/Documents/Mixedfamilies.pdfhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/409100414.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f4f59523.htmlhttp://www.ethiopianembassy.org/constitution.pdfhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6b52ac.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b220ca028.htmlhttp://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article31755
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
B.2.3. Amnesty International, Ethiopia; New anti-terrorism
proclamation jeopardizes freedom of expression, 7 July 2009
URL:http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/ethiopia-new-anti-terrorism-proclama
tion-jeopardizes-freedom-expression-
B.2.4. Human Rights Watch, An Analysis of Ethiopia’s Draft
Anti-Terrorism Law, 30
June 2009 URL:
http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/30/analysis-ethiopia-s-draft-anti-terrorism-law#_
Expansion
B.2.5. The Global Integrity Report, Ethiopia: Integrity
Scorecard Report – Sub-
Category: Judicial Accountability, 2008 URL:
http://report.globalintegrity.org/Ethiopia/2008/scorecard/44/print
B.2.6. CNN, Ethiopia Carries out rare execution, 6 August 2007
URL:
http://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/africa/08/06/ethiopia.execution.reut/index.html?
sectionz=cnn_latest
B.2.7. UN Commission on Human Rights, Civil and political
rights, including questions of torture and detention: Opinions
adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, 19 November
2004 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/470b77b10.html
B.2.8. The World Bank, Ethiopia: Legal and Judicial Sector
Assessment, 2004
URL:
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLAWJUSTINST/Resources/EthiopiaSA.pdf
B.2.9. UN Commission on Human Rights, Civil and political
rights, including questions of torture and detention: Opinions
adopted by the Working Group on Arbitrary Detention, 24 January
2003 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/470b77ae0.html
B.2.10. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services,
Ethiopia: Information on
Maikelawi [also Maekelawi/Ma'ekelawi] Prison; and on Central
Prison and Woyane Prison, 27 November 2002 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f51f5364.html
B.2.11. US Library of Congress, Ethiopia: A Country Study –
Judicial System, 1991 URL:
http://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/ettoc.html
B.2.12. Penal Code (provisions relating to “Military Offences
and Offences Against the
Armed Forces and the Police Forces”)- Proclamation No. 158 of
1957, 23 July 1957 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3bb078484.html
B.3. Political Structure; Political Parties B.3.1. Refugee
Documentation Centre (Ireland), Ethiopia: Was the Ethiopian
army
involved in violence during the 2005 elections?, 2 December 2009
URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b1f6828d.html
12
http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/ethiopia-new-anti-terrorism-proclamation-jeopardizes-freedom-expression-http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/ethiopia-new-anti-terrorism-proclamation-jeopardizes-freedom-expression-http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/30/analysis-ethiopia-s-draft-anti-terrorism-law#_Expansionhttp://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/06/30/analysis-ethiopia-s-draft-anti-terrorism-law#_Expansionhttp://report.globalintegrity.org/Ethiopia/2008/scorecard/44/printhttp://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/africa/08/06/ethiopia.execution.reut/index.html?section=cnn_latesthttp://www.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/africa/08/06/ethiopia.execution.reut/index.html?section=cnn_latesthttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/470b77b10.htmlhttp://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTLAWJUSTINST/Resources/EthiopiaSA.pdfhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/470b77ae0.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f51f5364.htmlhttp://memory.loc.gov/frd/cs/ettoc.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3bb078484.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b1f6828d.html
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
B.3.2. International Crisis Group, Ethiopia: Ethnic Federalism
and Its Discontents, 4 September 2009 URL:
http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=6300&l=1
B.3.3. Human Rights Watch, Ethiopia: Repression sets stage for
non-competitive
elections, 11 April 2008 URL:
http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/04/09/ethiopia-repression-sets-stage-non-competitive-elections
B.3.4. Freedom House, Countries at the Crossroads 2007 –
Ethiopia, 25 September
2007 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4738692464.html
B.3.5. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, List of
affiliates belonging to the All
Amhara People's Organization (AAPO) in Ethiopia; whether certain
North American organizations are authorized to verify and confirm
membership in the AAPO, 22 February 2007
URL:http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=450931
B.3.6. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, The Ethiopian
People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP); whether the EPRP is banned
from carrying out its activities; recent role and activities of the
EPRP within Ethiopia, especially in the context of the 2005
elections; whether members of the EPRP are arrested or harassed by
the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Forces (EPRDF)
(2004 - 2006), 7 November 2006 URL:
http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102062e
B.3.7. Human Rights Watch, Suppressing Dissent, Human Rights
Abuses and Political
Repression in Ethiopia’s Oromia Region, 9 May 2005 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/42c3bd090.html
B.4. Internal Security; Police; Armed Forces B.4.1. Human Rights
Watch, UK: Ethiopian ‘Assurances’ No Guarantee Against
Torture, 17 September 2009 URL:
http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/09/17/uk-ethiopian-assurances-no-guarantee-against-torture
B.4.2. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN),
Ethiopia: Giving peace a chance in South Omo, 21 May 2009 URL:
http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=84479
B.4.3. BBC News, Ethiopia ONLF rebels 'seize town', 9 March 2009
URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7932972.stm
B.4.4. Garowe Online, 25 killed in Ethiopia as government troops
and Somali rebels fight, 8 March 2009 URL:
http://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Africa_22/25_killed_in_Ethiopia_as_govt
_troops_Somalia_rebels_fight.shtml
13
http://www.crisisgroup.org/home/index.cfm?id=6300&l=1http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/04/09/ethiopia-repression-sets-stage-non-competitive-electionshttp://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/04/09/ethiopia-repression-sets-stage-non-competitive-electionshttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4738692464.htmlhttp://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=450931http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102062ehttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/42c3bd090.htmlhttp://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/09/17/uk-ethiopian-assurances-no-guarantee-against-torturehttp://www.hrw.org/en/news/2009/09/17/uk-ethiopian-assurances-no-guarantee-against-torturehttp://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?ReportID=84479http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7932972.stmhttp://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Africa_22/25_killed_in_Ethiopia_as_govt_troops_Somalia_rebels_fight.shtmlhttp://www.garoweonline.com/artman2/publish/Africa_22/25_killed_in_Ethiopia_as_govt_troops_Somalia_rebels_fight.shtml
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
B.4.5. BBC News, Thousands flee Ethiopia clashes, 26 February
2009 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7912242.stm
B.4.6. Sudan Tribune, Ethiopia: Oromo oppositions accuse
intelligence service, federal police of "defamation", 2 December
2008 URL: http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article29463
B.4.7. African Rally for Peace and Development (ARPD), Baseline
Study for Mapping
Violent Conflicts in Ethiopia, November 2008 URL:
http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/F1D70F091
38C38B5C125760E00401F9C/$file/Conflict-Study-Ethiopia.pdf
B.4.8. Voice of America, In Somalia, Presence of Ethiopian
Troops Fuels Insurgency, Humanitarian Crisis, 19 December 2007 URL:
http://www.voanews.com/english/2007-12-19-voa1.cfm
B.4.9. The New York Times, In Ethiopia, Fear and Cries of Army
Brutality, 18 June 2007 URL:
http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/18/world/africa/18ethiopia.html
B.4.10. BBC News, Ethiopian protesters 'massacred', 19 October
2006 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6064638.stm
B.4.11. Human Rights Watch, Ethiopia: Investigate Torture by
Police - Ministers' Failure to Investigate, Prosecute Makes Them
Accomplices, 18 March 2004 URL:
http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/03/18/ethiop8131.htm
C. INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION CONSIDERATIONS
C.1. Refugees and Asylum-Seekers
C.1.1 US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants, U.S. Committee
for Refugees and Immigrants World Refugee Survey 2009 - Ethiopia,
19 June 2009 URL:
http://www.worldrefugeesurvey.org/index.php?title=Ethiopia
C.1.2 UNHCR, Ethiopia: Somali refugees being moved to a new
camp, 3 April 2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/49d5db8b6.html
C.1.3 Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN),
Ethiopia-Somalia: Drought, fighting worsens situation of "Ogaden
refugees", 12 August 2008 URL:
http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=79775
C.1.4 UNHCR, Ethiopia: Two camps close after successful
repatriation to South Sudan, 6 May 2008 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/482054634.html
C.1.5 UNHCR, Ethiopia-Sudan repatriation resumes with convoy of
610 people, 17 December 2007 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/print?tbl=NEWS&id=476696814
14
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7912242.stmhttp://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article29463http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/F1D70F09138C38B5C125760E00401F9C/$file/Conflict-Study-Ethiopia.pdfhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/F1D70F09138C38B5C125760E00401F9C/$file/Conflict-Study-Ethiopia.pdfhttp://www.voanews.com/english/2007-12-19-voa1.cfmhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/18/world/africa/18ethiopia.htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6064638.stmhttp://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/03/18/ethiop8131.htmhttp://www.worldrefugeesurvey.org/index.php?title=Ethiopiahttp://www.unhcr.org/49d5db8b6.htmlhttp://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=79775http://www.unhcr.org/482054634.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/print?tbl=NEWS&id=476696814
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
C.1.6 Reuters AlertNet, Ethiopia sees highest Eritrean refugee
influx, 14 December
2007 URL:
http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L14534808.htm
C.2. Internally Displaced Persons C.2.1 Internal Displacement
Monitoring Centre, Ethiopia: Human rights violations and
conflicts continue to cause displacement - A profile of the
internal displacement situation, 3 September 2009 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4aa0e1472.html
C.2.2 BBC News, Thousands flee Ethiopia clashes, 26 February
2009 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7912242.stm
C.2.3 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre, Ethiopia:
Addressing the rights and needs of people displaced by conflict, 30
October 2007 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4727112f2.html
C.2.4 ZOA Refugee Care, Report of the assessment on the
situation of Internally Displaced Persons in Gambella region, 3
October 2006 URL:
http://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/48ABC
F6295E71684C125732B003EA916/$file/ZOAIDP+assessment+report+Gambella+October+2006.doc
C.2.5 Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC), Ethiopia:
Government Recognition of Conflict IDPs Crucial to Addressing their
Plight. A Profile of the Internal Displacement Situation, 26 April
2006 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=4455beb64
C.3. Political Opinion; Political Activities
C.3.1 Refugee Documentation Centre (Ireland), Ethiopia: Any
information on an
attempted coup in Ethiopia in May 2009. Who was involved? Any
army personnel?, 1 December 2009 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b1f68280.html
C.3.2 Country of Origin Research and Information (CORI),
Treatment of members of
the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), including members of their
family, HCR00006E, 6 July 2009 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a803f862.html
C.3.3 Amnesty International, Ethiopia: Government must reveal
fate of political prisoners, 5 May 2009 URL:
http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/ethiopia-government-must-reveal-fate-political-prisoners-20090505+
15
http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L14534808.htmhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4aa0e1472.htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7912242.stmhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4727112f2.htmlhttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/48ABCF6295E71684C125732B003EA916/$file/ZOA-IDP+assessment+report+Gambella+October+2006.dochttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/48ABCF6295E71684C125732B003EA916/$file/ZOA-IDP+assessment+report+Gambella+October+2006.dochttp://www.internal-displacement.org/8025708F004CE90B/(httpDocuments)/48ABCF6295E71684C125732B003EA916/$file/ZOA-IDP+assessment+report+Gambella+October+2006.dochttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=4455beb64http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b1f68280.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a803f862.htmlhttp://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/ethiopia-government-must-reveal-fate-political-prisoners-20090505+http://www.amnesty.org/en/for-media/press-releases/ethiopia-government-must-reveal-fate-political-prisoners-20090505+
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
C.3.4 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Treatment of
relatives of members of opposition parties, especially the
Coalition for Unity and Democracy (CUD) (2006 - 2007), 4 January
2008 URL:
http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102699e
C.3.5 The Independent, Ethiopian protesters may face
execution,10 July 2007 URL:
http://news.independent.co.uk/world/africa/article2750442.ece
C.3.6 Human Rights Watch, Ethiopia: Crackdown in East Punishes
Civilians, 4 July
2007 URL:
http://www.hrw.org/legacy/english/docs/2007/07/02/ethiop16327_txt.htm
C.3.7 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia:
Treatment of political dissidents by government authorities,
specifically student and human rights activists (2005 - 2006), 2
March 2007 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,IRBC,,ETH,,469cd6b12,0.html
C.3.8 Amnesty International, Ethiopia: Fear of torture or
ill-treatment/ incommunicado detention, 02 February 2007 URL:
http://www.amnesty.org/en/report/info/AFR25/002/2007
C.3.9 BBC News, Mengistu is handed life sentence, 11 January
2007 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6251095.stm
C.3.10 BBC News, Profile: Mengistu Haile Mariam, 12 December
2006 URL:http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6171927.stm
C.3.11 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia:
Treatment of relatives of Coalition for Unity and Democracy (CUD)
members or relatives of other opposition party members (2005 -
2006), 16 March 2006 URL:
http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102699e
C.3.12 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, The treatment of
ethnic Amharas and the treatment of members, leaders, and activists
of the All Ethiopian Unity Party (AEUP) (2002 - 2006), 26 January
2006
URL:
http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth100913e
C.3.13 BBC News, Lawyers denied in Ethiopia Case, 28 December
2005 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4564994.stm
C.3.14 BBC News, Ethiopia prisoners’ hunger strike, 28 November
2005
URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4477414.stm
C.3.15 BBC News, High stakes in Ethiopia stand-off, 23 June 2005
URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4122350.stm
C.3.16 Human Rights Watch, Suppressing Dissent Human Rights
Abuses and Political Repression in Ethiopia's Oromia Region, 10 May
2005 URL:
http://hrw.org/reports/2005/ethiopia0505/ethiopia0505.pdf
C.3.17 Human Rights Watch, Ethiopia: Political Dissent Quashed -
Election Observers Should Not Fail to Recognize Effects of
Systematic Repression, 10 May 2005
16
http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102699ehttp://news.independent.co.uk/world/africa/article2750442.ecehttp://www.hrw.org/legacy/english/docs/2007/07/02/ethiop16327_txt.htmhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,IRBC,,ETH,,469cd6b12,0.htmlhttp://www.amnesty.org/en/report/info/AFR25/002/2007http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6251095.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/6171927.stmhttp://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102699ehttp://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth100913ehttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4564994.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4477414.stmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/4122350.stmhttp://hrw.org/reports/2005/ethiopia0505/ethiopia0505.pdf
-
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
URL: http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/05/10/ethiop10590.htm
C.3.18 Amnesty International, Ethiopia: The 15 May 2005
elections and human rights - recommendations to the government,
election observers and political parties, 29 April 2005 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=42ae98270
C.3.19 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia: An
organization called Mecha Tulema, including its objectives,
structure and status; the treatment of its leaders and members by
the current government (1990-Sept. 2004), 23 September 2004 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,IRBC,,ETH,,42df60e520,0.html
C.3.20 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia:
Treatment of Oromos and Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), 9 April 2001
URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be2f20.html
C.4. Women; Gender Issues; Domestic Violence; Children C.4.1.
United Nations Population Fund, Shelter from the Storm: Escaping
from Gender
Violence in Ethiopia, 7 December 2009 URL:
http://www.unfpa.org/public/cache/offonce/News/pid/4522;jsessionid=06AAEC60C40
542878F4232027BA3EF74
C.4.2. Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI), Gender
Equality and social Institutions in Ethiopia, 25 September 2009
URL: http://genderindex.org/country/ethiopia
C.4.3. UNICEF, African women parliamentarians condemn female
genital mutilation, 14 September 2009 URL:
http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/ethiopia_51122.html
C.4.4. The Times, Ethiopia's orphans face life of hardship, 4
April 2009 URL:
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article6032044.ece
C.4.5. Sexual Rights Initiative, Report on Ethiopia Submitted to
the Universal Periodic
Review of Ethiopia - Sixth Round (2009), 2009 URL:
http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session6/ET/SRI_ETH_UPR_S06
_2009.pdf
C.4.6. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN),
Ethiopia: Children at greatest risk among Afar's drought-displaced,
2 December 2008 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4938f31d1e.html
C.4.7. IRIN News, Ethiopia: New initiative against FGM/C, 1
December 2008 URL:
http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=81753 C.4.8. UN News
Service, Situation worsening for Horn of Africa's children, warns
UN
agency, 5 September 2008 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48cfa30619.html
17
http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/05/10/ethiop10590.htmhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=42ae98270http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,IRBC,,ETH,,42df60e520,0.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be2f20.htmlhttp://www.unfpa.org/public/cache/offonce/News/pid/4522;jsessionid=06AAEC60C40542878F4232027BA3EF74http://www.unfpa.org/public/cache/offonce/News/pid/4522;jsessionid=06AAEC60C40542878F4232027BA3EF74http://genderindex.org/country/ethiopiahttp://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/ethiopia_51122.htmlhttp://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/africa/article6032044.ecehttp://www.ein.org.uk/members/country/full.shtml?x=265916http://www.ein.org.uk/members/country/full.shtml?x=265916http://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session6/ET/SRI_ETH_UPR_S06_2009.pdfhttp://lib.ohchr.org/HRBodies/UPR/Documents/Session6/ET/SRI_ETH_UPR_S06_2009.pdfhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4938f31d1e.htmlhttp://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=81753http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48cfa30619.html
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
C.4.9. UK Home Office, Country of Origin Information Report –
Female Genital
Mutilation (FGM), 20 June 2008 URL:
http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs08/africa-fgm-080708.doc
C.4.10. Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers, Child
Soldiers Global Report 2008 - Ethiopia, 20 May 2008
URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/486cb0fec.html C.4.11.
Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), Female
Genital
Mutilation in Ethiopia Report, November 2007 URL:
http://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-fgm-countries-ethiopia.pdf
C.4.12. Pathfinder International, Women’s Empowerment in
Ethiopia; New solutions to ancient problems, September 2007
URL:
http://www.pathfind.org/site/DocServer/PI_WE_paper_final.pdf?docID=10202
C.4.13. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia:
Protection services and
legal recourse available to women who are victims of domestic
violence (2005 - 2006), 20 February 2007 URL:
http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec
=450890
C.4.14. UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, UN Committee on
the Rights of the Child: Concluding Observations, Ethiopia, 1
November 2006 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=45c30bd60
C.4.15. UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, Concluding
Observations of the Committee on the Rights of the Child for
Ethiopia’s Third Periodic Report, 29 September 2006 URL:
http://www.crin.org/docs/CO_Ethiopia_43.pdf
C.4.16. Lutheran World Service on behalf of Oromo Human Rights
and Relief Association, A statement on the Rights of the Child in
Ethiopia, 11 September 2006 URL:
http://www.crin.org/docs/Ethiopia_LWF-OHRRA_NGO_Report.doc
C.4.17. Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of
Children, Briefing - Ethiopia, 1 May 2006 URL:
http://www.crin.org/docs/Ethiopia_GI_NGO_report.doc
C.4.18. Child Helpline International, Recommendations to the UN
Committee on the Rights of the Child Ethiopia, 1 April 2006 URL:
http://www.crin.org/docs/Ethiopia_CHI_NGO_report.doc
C.4.19. The Female Genital Cutting Education and Networking
Project, Ethiopia: U.S. female mutilation case fuels hot debate in
Africa, 2006 URL:
http://www.fgmnetwork.org/gonews.php?subaction=showfull&id=1162656028&archive
=&start_from=&ucat=1&
18
http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/pdfs08/africa-fgm-080708.dochttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/486cb0fec.htmlhttp://www.gtz.de/en/dokumente/en-fgm-countries-ethiopia.pdfhttp://www.pathfind.org/site/DocServer/PI_WE_paper_final.pdf?docID=10202http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=450890http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/rir/index_e.htm?action=record.viewrec&gotorec=450890http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=45c30bd60http://www.crin.org/docs/CO_Ethiopia_43.pdfhttp://www.crin.org/docs/Ethiopia_LWF-OHRRA_NGO_Report.dochttp://www.crin.org/docs/Ethiopia_GI_NGO_report.dochttp://www.crin.org/docs/Ethiopia_CHI_NGO_report.dochttp://www.fgmnetwork.org/gonews.php?subaction=showfull&id=1162656028&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&http://www.fgmnetwork.org/gonews.php?subaction=showfull&id=1162656028&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1&
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
C.4.20. World Health Organization (WHO). WHO Multi-country Study
on Women's Health and Domestic Violence Against Women, Ethiopia,
2005 URL:
http://www.who.int/gender/violence/who_multicountry_study/fact_sheets/eth/en/
index.html
C.4.21. Mulugeta Tefera, E., The Invincible Invisibles:
Ethiopian Women in Conflict and
Peacemaking, January 2005 URL:
http://www.peacewomen.org/resources/Ethiopia_Eritrea/ethiopiaeritreaindex.html
C.4.22. UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
Against Women, UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination
against Women: State Party Report, Ethiopia, 28 October 2002 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3f6ac3bc5
C.4.23. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia:
Information on civilians, particularly in Addis Ababa, who have
been forced by the government under penalty of imprisonment to
recruit children (under 18 years of age) at gunpoint to serve in
the military, and to shoot those who refuse (1997-2001), 16 October
2001 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be310.html
C.4.24. World Organisation Against Torture, Rights of the Child
in Ethiopia, 1 January 2001 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46c1905e0
C.4.25. UN Development Fund for Women, Women's Land and Property
Rights in Situations of Conflict and Reconstruction, 2001 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46cadad90
C.4.26. UN Development Found for Women, Ending Discriminatory
Laws Against Women in Ethiopia, 24 November 2000 URL:
http://www.unifem.org/gender_issues/voices_from_the_field/story.php?StoryID=230
C.4.27. Government of Ethiopia, Women’s Affairs Office in the
Prime Minister Office, National Report on the Implementation of the
Beijing Platform for Action, February 2000 URL:
www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/Review/responses/ETHIOPIA-English.pdf
C.5. Membership of a Particular Social Group C.5.1. Network for
Education and Academic Rights, Ethiopian Teachers Association
Activists Arrested Again, 23 June 2007 URL:
http://www.nearinternational.org/alert-detail.asp?alertid=81
C.5.2. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Legislation and
legal protection available to homosexuals and their treatment by
society and government authorities (2005 - January 2007), 20
February 2007 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47d6544e28.html
C.5.3. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services,
Ethiopia: Information on Civil Administrators that Served Under the
Mengistu Regime, 10 January 2000 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6a6a94
19
http://www.who.int/gender/violence/who_multicountry_study/fact_sheets/eth/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/gender/violence/who_multicountry_study/fact_sheets/eth/en/index.htmlhttp://www.peacewomen.org/resources/Ethiopia_Eritrea/ethiopiaeritreaindex.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3f6ac3bc5http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be310.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46c1905e0http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46cadad90http://www.unifem.org/gender_issues/voices_from_the_field/story.php?StoryID=230http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/Review/responses/ETHIOPIA-English.pdfhttp://www.nearinternational.org/alert-detail.asp?alertid=81http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46c01abf2http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/47d6544e28.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=46c01abf2http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6a6a94
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
C.6. Race; Ethnicity; Minority Rights a. General C.6.1. UN
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD),
Consideration of
reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the
Convention : concluding observations of the Committee on the
Elimination of Racial Discrimination: Ethiopia, 7 September 2009
URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4abc820f3.html
C.6.2. UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
(CERD), Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the
Convention : International Convention on the Elimination of all
Forms of Racial Discrimination: reports of States parties due in
2007: Ethiopia, 11 March 2009 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a07ee232.html
C.6.3. UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination,
Ethiopia:
Consideration of reports submitted by states parties under
article 9 of the convention; Concluding observations of the
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, 31 August
2008 URL:
http://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/470_1253102524_cerd-c-eth-co-15.doc
C.6.4. UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
(CERD), Reports submitted by States parties under article 9 of the
Convention : International Convention on the Elimination of All
Forms of Racial Discrimination: information provided by the
Government of Ethiopia on the implementation of the concluding
observations of the Committee on the Elimination of Racial
Discrimination, 3 June 2008 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4885cf9e3.html
C.6.5. Minority Rights Group International, Ethiopia Overview,
June 2008 URL:
http://www.minorityrights.org/3928/ethiopia/ethiopia-overview.html
C.6.6. UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
(CERD), UN
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination:
Concluding Observations, Ethiopia, 20 June 2007 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=467bcd292
C.6.7. UN Human Rights Council, UN Human Rights Council:
Addendum to the Report of the Independent Expert on Minority
Issues, Gay McDougall, Mission to Ethiopia (28 November-12 December
2006), 28 February 2007 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=461f9ea82
C.6.8. Human Rights Watch, Targeting the Anuak, 24 March 2005
URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/42c3bd082.html C.6.9.
Agence France-Presse (AFP), Up to 70 killed in ethnic clashes in
western
Ethiopia, 10 February 2004 URL:
http://wwww.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/16da57d4a5c7f5a985256e36
005f1be3
20
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4abc820f3.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a07ee232.htmlhttp://www.ecoi.net/file_upload/470_1253102524_cerd-c-eth-co-15.dochttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4885cf9e3.htmlhttp://www.minorityrights.org/3928/ethiopia/ethiopia-overview.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=467bcd292http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=461f9ea82http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/42c3bd082.htmlhttp://wwww.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/16da57d4a5c7f5a985256e36005f1be3http://wwww.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/16da57d4a5c7f5a985256e36005f1be3
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
C.6.10. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services,
Eritrea & Ethiopia: Large-
Scale Expulsions of Population Groups and Other Human Rights
Violations in connection With the Ethiopian-Eritrean Conflict,
1998-2000, 1 January 2002 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3de25c7f4
C.6.11. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division,
Ethiopia's Peoples, 1991 URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0058)
C.6.12. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division,
Ethnic Groups, Ethnicity, and Language, 1991 URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0059)
C.6.13. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division,
Ethio-Semitic Language Groups, 1991 URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0060)
C.6.14. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division,
Cushitic Language Groups, 1991 URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0061)
C.6.15. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division,
Omotic Language Groups, 1991 URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0062)
C.6.16. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division,
Nilo-Saharan Language Groups, 1991 URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0063)
C.6.17. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division,
Occupational Castes, 1991 URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0064)
C.6.18. US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division,
Ethnic and Social Relations, 1991 URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0065)
C.6.19. Africa Guide, Ethiopia People & Culture URL:
http://www.africaguide.com/country/ethiopia/culture.htm
b. Anuak C.6.20. The International Human Rights Law Clinic
Washington College of Law,
Shadow Report – The Anuak of Gambella, Ethiopia, March 2007 URL:
http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/IHRLC.pdf
C.6.21. Human Rights Watch, Targeting the Anuak: Human Rights
Violations and Crimes against Humanity in Ethiopia’s Gambella
Region, 24 March 2005 URL:
http://hrw.org/reports/2005/ethiopia0305/ethiopia0305.pdf
C.6.22. Organisation Mondiale contre la Torture (OMCT), Ethiopia
and Sudan: "From today forward there will be no Anuak" - The
attempted elimination of the Anuak people, 13 April 2004
21
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3de25c7f4http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0058)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0059)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0060)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0061)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0062)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0063)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0064)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0065)http://www.africaguide.com/country/ethiopia/culture.htmhttp://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cerd/docs/ngos/IHRLC.pdfhttp://hrw.org/reports/2005/ethiopia0305/ethiopia0305.pdf
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
URL:
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/f6d950d0b4f145fd49256e
760005bbce
C.6.23. BBC News, Ethiopia ‘faces new rebellion’, 12 February
2004 URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3483531.stm
c. Oromo C.6.24. Country of Origin Research and Information
(CORI), Treatment of members of
the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), including members of their
family, 6 July 2009 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a803f862.html
C.6.25. Oromia Online, The Oromo People and acts of genocide
against them, 2005 URL: http://www.oromia.org/genocide-1.htm
C.6.26. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN),
Ethiopia: Rights organisation condemns arrests of Oromo students, 3
March 2004 URL:
http://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=48843
C.6.27. Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for Oromo in
Ethiopia, 2004 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f38871c
C.6.28. Minorities at Risk Project, Assessment for Oromo in
Ethiopia, 31 December 2003 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a793b
C.6.29. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services,
Ethiopia: Information on the Oromo Ethnic Group, the Oromo
Liberation Front (OLF), and the Oromo People's Democratic
Organization (OPDO) , 18 April 2001 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3decdfcf4
C.6.30. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia:
Treatment of Oromos and Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), 9 April 2001
URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be2f20.html
C.6.31. Integrated Regional Information Networks (IRIN),
Ethiopia: Oromo armed groups oppose conflict with Eritrea, 21
November 2000 URL:
http://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=1432
d. Tigreans C.6.32. BBC News, Tigrayans want end to border row,
20 December 2007
URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7148096.stm
C.6.33. Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for Tigreans in
Ethiopia, 2004 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f38881d
C.6.34. Minorities at Risk Project, Assessment for Tigreans in
Ethiopia, 31 December 2003 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a7b1c
22
http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/f6d950d0b4f145fd49256e760005bbcehttp://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/AllDocsByUNID/f6d950d0b4f145fd49256e760005bbcehttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/africa/3483531.stmhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a803f862.htmlhttp://www.oromia.org/genocide-1.htmhttp://www.irinnews.org/report.aspx?reportid=48843http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f38871chttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a793bhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3decdfcf4http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be2f20.htmlhttp://www.irinnews.org/Report.aspx?ReportId=1432http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7148096.stmhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f38881dhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a7b1c
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
C.6.35. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia:
Information on the Tigrean Alliance for National Democracy (TAND),
its structure, membership, activities, objectives, and on its
treatment by the Tigrean People's Liberation Front (TPLF), 1
September 1996 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6ac2938.html
e. Kunama C.6.36. Refugees International, Forgotten People: The
Kunama of Eritrea and
Ethiopia,18 February 2004 URL:
http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/article/detail/939/
f. Amhara C.6.37. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada,
Ethiopia: List of affiliates belonging
to the All Amhara People's Organization (AAPO) in Ethiopia;
whether certain North American organizations are authorized to
verify and confirm membership in the AAPO, 22 February 2007 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/46fa5387c.html
C.6.38. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia:
Update to ETH24418.E of 24 June 1996 on the procedure for joining
the All Amhara People's Organization (AAPO) and whether the All
Amhara People's Cultural and Relief Organization in Toronto
(AAPCRO) still verifies claims of AAPO membership and issues
membership letters, 3 June 2004 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/41501c0723.html
C.6.39. Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for Amhara in
Ethiopia, 2004 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3887a
C.6.40. Minorities at Risk Project, Assessment for Amhara in
Ethiopia, 31 December 2003 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a786d
C.6.41. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services,
Ethiopia Status of Amharas, 1 March 1993 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6a6077
g. Somalis C.6.42. Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for
Somalis in Ethiopia, 2004
URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3888b
C.6.43. Minorities at Risk Project, Assessment for Somalis in
Ethiopia, 31 December 2003 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a7a1e
C.6.44. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia:
Treatment of ethnic Somalis in Ethiopia, 9 April 2001 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be2f24.html
23
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6ac2938.htmlhttp://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/article/detail/939/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/46fa5387c.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/41501c0723.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3887ahttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a786dhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6a6077http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3888bhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a7a1ehttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4be2f24.html
-
Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
C.6.45. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, 1) Persecution
of the Issa tribe in Ethiopia; 2) Persecution of ethnic Somalis by
the Ethiopian population in northern Ethiopia, 1 February 1990 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6ac7672.html
h. Afars C.6.46. Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for
Afars in Ethiopia, 2004
URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f38863af
C.6.47. Minorities at Risk Project, Assessment for Afars in
Ethiopia, 31 December 2003 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a7824
i. Other Groups C.6.48. Refugees International,
Ethiopia-Eritrea: Stalemate Takes Toll on Eritreans and
Ethiopians of Eritrean Origin, 30 May 2008 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48453d7d2.html
C.6.49. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia:
Treatment of Eritreans by Ethiopian government authorities (2005 -
2006), 16 February 2007 URL:
http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102021e
C.6.50. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services,
Ethiopia: Information on
the Treatment of Persons of Eritrean Origin in Ethiopia Since
the Signing of the Algiers Peace Accord in December 2000, 30 May
2001 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dece0d34
C.6.51. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services,
Ethiopia: Information on the Hadiya ethnic group, 10 January 2001
URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dece1ea4
C.6.52. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services,
Ethiopia: Information on the possible arrest and deportation of
Ethiopian-citizen spouses and dependants of "ethnic Eritreans”, 20
October 2000 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dee061d4
C.7. Freedom of Religion and Belief C.7.1 Jerusalem Post,
Sharansky pushes for Falash Mura aliya, 26 November 2009,
URL:
http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1259010984778&pagename=JPost%2FJP
Article%2FShowFull
C.7.2 US Department of State, 2009 Report on International
Religious Freedom -
Ethiopia, 26 October 2009 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ae8614150.html
C.7.3 Compass News Direct, Convert Languishing in Jail in
Ethiopia for Handing Out
Bibles, 15 September 2009 URL:
http://www.compassdirect.org/english/country/ethiopia/9340/
24
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6ac7672.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f38863afhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=469f3a7824http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/48453d7d2.htmlhttp://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth102021ehttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dece0d34http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dece1ea4http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dee061d4http://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1259010984778&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFullhttp://www.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1259010984778&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFullhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4ae8614150.htmlhttp://www.compassdirect.org/english/country/ethiopia/9340/
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
C.7.4 BBC, Two shot at Ethiopia church site, 1 July 2009
URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8129220.stm C.7.5 International
Christian Concern, Ethiopian Christians tolerance, Ethiopian
islamic Jihad, 07 July 2007 URL:
http://www.persecution.org/suffering/newsdetail.php?newscode=5555
C.7.6 One News Now, Ethiopian Christian evangelist beaten to
death in Muslim
mosque, 2 April 2007 URL:
http://www.onenewsnow.com/2007/04/ethiopian_christian_evangelist.php
C.7.7 Reuters, Squalor and shrinking hope for Ethiopian Jews, 28
March 2007
URL: http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL27265224 C.7.8
Institute of Security Studies, Ethiopia: End of the Falasha
Migration?, 7 March
2007 URL:
http://www.issafrica.org/index.php?link_id=5&slink_id=4182&link_type=12&slink_type
=12&tmpl_id=3
C.7.9 International Christian Concern, Ethiopia: Country
Statistics, 24 May 2004
URL:
http://www.persecution.org/suffering/countryinfodetail.php?countrycode=9
C.7.10 BBC News, Ethiopia's Jews: The last exodus, 23 June 1999
URL: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/376225.stm
C.7.11 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division,
Religious Life, 1991 URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0071)
C.7.12 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division,
Demography and
Geography of Religious Affiliation, 1991 URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0072)
C.7.13 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division,
Ethiopian Orthodox
Christianity, 1991 URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0073)
C.7.14 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division,
Organization of the Church
and the Clergy, 1991 URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0074)
C.7.15 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Faith
and Practice
(orthodox Christianity), 1991 URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0075)
C.7.16 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Islam,
1991
URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0076)
C.7.17 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division, Local
Character of Belief
and Practice (Muslims), 1991 URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0077)
25
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8129220.stmhttp://www.persecution.org/suffering/newsdetail.php?newscode=5555http://www.onenewsnow.com/2007/04/ethiopian_christian_evangelist.phphttp://www.reuters.com/article/idUSL27265224http://www.issafrica.org/index.php?link_id=5&slink_id=4182&link_type=12&slink_type=12&tmpl_id=3http://www.issafrica.org/index.php?link_id=5&slink_id=4182&link_type=12&slink_type=12&tmpl_id=3http://www.persecution.org/suffering/countryinfodetail.php?countrycode=9http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/376225.stmhttp://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0071)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0072)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0073)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0074)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0075)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0076)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0077)
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
C.7.18 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division,
Indigenous Religions, 1991 URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0078)
C.7.19 US Library of Congress, Federal Research Division,
Foreign Missions, 1991
URL:
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0079)
C.8. Freedom of Speech and Expression: Media Issues
C.8.1 Reporters Without Borders, Weekly forced to stop
publishing, its journalists flee
abroad, 4 December 2009 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b1e0dc61a.html
C.8.2 BBC News, Country Profile – Media, 25 September 2009
URL:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1072164.stm#media
C.8.3 Reporters Without Borders (RSF), Two journalists get
one-year jail terms under obsolete law, 4 September 2009 URL:
http://www.rsf.org/Two-journalists-get-one-year-jail.html
C.8.4 Amnesty International, Ethiopia: New Anti-Terrorism
Proclamation jeopardizes freedom of expression, 7 July 2009 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a55b29f5.html
C.8.5 Freedom House, Freedom of the Press 2009 - Ethiopia, 1 May
2009 URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b27421628.html
C.8.6 Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press in
2008 - Ethiopia section,
10 February 2009 URL:
http://cpj.org/2009/02/attacks-on-the-press-in-2008-ethiopia.php
C.8.7 Reporters Without Borders (RSF), Annual Report 2008 –
Ethiopia, 7 February 2008 URL:
http://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=25387&Valider=OK
C.8.8 Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ), Seven journalists
flee country following
release from prison; two radio signals jammed; issuing of
publishing licences needlessly delayed, 4 December 2007 URL:
http://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/88160
C.8.9 Article 19, The Draft Ethiopian Proclamation to Provide
for the Freedom of the
Press, 1 May 2004 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=4753d3b20
C.8.10 Human Rights Watch, Ethiopia: Stop Harassing Journalists’
Group, 13 February
2004 URL:
http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/13/ethiop7347.htm
C.8.11 Article 19, The Legal Framework for Freedom of Expression
in Ethiopia, 1
March 2003 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=4753d3b00
26
http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0078)http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+et0079)http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b1e0dc61a.htmlhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/country_profiles/1072164.stm#mediahttp://www.rsf.org/Two-journalists-get-one-year-jail.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4a55b29f5.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/4b27421628.htmlhttp://cpj.org/2009/02/attacks-on-the-press-in-2008-ethiopia.phphttp://www.rsf.org/article.php3?id_article=25387&Valider=OKhttp://www.ifex.org/en/content/view/full/88160http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=4753d3b20http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/13/ethiop7347.htmhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=4753d3b00
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
C.9. Freedom of Movement; Travel Documents; Entry and Exit
C.9.1. International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), Ethiopia:
ICRC deplores
expulsion from Somali Regional State, 26 July 2007 URL:
http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/ethiopia-news-260707
C.9.2. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Possibility of
repatriation of Ethiopian and Eritrean civilians to their homelands
(2006), 20 February 2007 URL:
http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=zzz102027e
C.9.3. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Whether
deportations of Ethiopians still occur (November 2005), 7 December
2005 URL:
http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eri100843e
C.9.4. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Whether the
Ethiopian government would renew the expired passport of, or issue
a new passport to, somebody (a) who holds an Ethiopian passport
that expired in 1999; (b) whose expired Ethiopian passport had been
renewed abroad in 1997; (c) who was born in Asmara; and, (d) who
did not vote in the 1993 referendum, 18 May 2004 URL:
http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth42692e
C.9.5. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia:
Whether Ethiopian citizens of Eritrean descent who were expelled
from Ethiopia during the war with Eritrea or who left involuntarily
to avoid expulsion, can return to Ethiopia; whether their
confiscated properties are restored to them or whether they receive
compensation, 26 September 2002 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f7d4d922a.html
C.9.6. Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada,
Eritrea/Ethiopia: Update to ETH35052.E of 22 September 2000 on
repatriation from Eritrea to Ethiopia and vice versa, and whether
persons who were deported from Eritrea to Ethiopia and vice versa,
because of their ethnicity, during the border war (May 1998/June
2000) can repatriate and live normal lives, 27 February 2002 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4bed818.html
C.9.7. US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Services,
Ethiopia: Information on kebelle (kebele) control of the population
in Ethiopia; and freedom to travel for Ethiopians of Eritrean
origin or heritage, 10 January 2001 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dece8307
C.9.8. Issuance of Travel Documents and Visas Regulations 1971,
23 April 1971 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6b4de14
C.9.9. Proclamation regulating the Issuance of Travel Documents
and Visas, and Registration of Foreigners in Ethiopia, No. 271 of
1969, 22 August 1969 URL:
http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6b4e48
27
http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/ethiopia-news-260707http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=zzz102027ehttp://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eri100843ehttp://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth42692ehttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3f7d4d922a.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3df4bed818.htmlhttp://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3dece8307http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6b4de14http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/refworld/rwmain?docid=3ae6b4e48
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Status Determination and Protection Information Section Division
of International Protection Services
C.10. Military Service; Forced Conscription; Draft Evasion
C.10.1 Human Rights Watch, Collective Punishment – Forced
Recruitment of Pro-
Government Militias, 11 June 2008 URL:
http://www.hrw.org/en/node/62175/section/15
C.10.2 CIA World Factbook, Ethiopia – Military, 13 December 2007
URL:
https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/et.html#Military
C.10.3 War Resister’s International (WRI), Somalia and Ethiopia:
forced recruitment
and conscription for war, 1 January 2007 URL:
http://www.wri-irg.org/node/1001
C.10.4 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Whether Ethiopia
sent deserters from the Eritrean armed forces to the United States
on Ethiopian travel documents during or after the 1998 border war
(1998-2004), 6 April 2005
URL:
http://www2.irb-cisr.gc.ca/en/research/ndp/ref/?action=view&doc=eth43485e
C.10.5 US Library of Congress, Country Profile: Ethiopia – National
Security, April
2005 URL: http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Ethiopia.pdf
C.10.6 War Resisters’ International, Country reports and
updates: Ethiopia, 17 August 1998 URL:
http://www.wri-irg.org/programmes/world_survey/country_report/en/Ethiopia
C.10.7 Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada, Ethiopia:
Information on whether armed opposition organizations practise
forced recruitment, especially the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF) in
Addis Ababa (update to ETH14308.E of 15 July 1993), 1 February 1998
URL: http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/docid/3ae6ac6138.html
C.11. Exclusion C.11.1 Human Rights Watch, UN: Atrocities Fuel
Worsening Crisis in Horn of Africa -
UN Security Council Should Press Ethiopia and Somalia to Put an
End to Abuses, 3 D