Brief history of science, and technology

IN THE PHILIPPINES

BRIEF HISTORY OF SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY

STONE AGE

Archeological findings show that modern man from Asian mainland first came over land on across narrow channels to live in Batangas and Palawan about 48,000 B.C.

Subsequently they formed settlement in Sulu, Davao, Zamboanga, Samar, Negros, Batangas, Laguna, Rizal, Bulacan and Cagayan.

Inventions

They made simple tools and weapons of stone flakes and later developed method of sawing and polishing stones around 40,000 B.C.

By around 3,000 B.C. they were producing adzes ornaments of seashells and pottery. Pottery flourished for the next 2,000 years until they imported Chinese porcelain. Soon they learned to produce copper, bronze, iron, and gold metal tools and ornaments.

Iron Age

The Iron Age lasted from there third century B.C. to 11th century A.D. During this period Filipinos were engaged in extraction smelting and refining of iron from ores, until the importation of cast iron from Sarawak and later from China.

Inventions/Discoveries

They learn to weave cotton, make glass ornaments, and cultivate lowland rice and dike fields of terraced fields utilizing spring water in mountain regions.

They also learned to build boats for trading purposes.

Spanish chronicles noted refined plank built warships called caracoa suited for interisland trade raids.

10th century A.D.

Filipinos from the Butuan were trading with Champa (Vietnam) and those from Ma-I (Mindoro) with China as noted in Chinese records containing several references to the Philippines. These archaeological findings indicated that regular trade relations between the Philippines, China and Vietnam had been well established from the 10th century to the 15th century A.D.

Trading

The People of Ma-I and San-Hsu (Palawan) traded bee wax, cotton, pearls, coconut heart mats, tortoise shell and medicinal betel nuts, panie cloth for porcelain, leads fishnets sinker, colored glass beads, iron pots, iron needles and tin.

Before the Spaniards

Filipinos were already engage in activities and practices related to science forming primitive or first wave technology. They were curative values of some plant on how to extract medicine from herbs. They had an alphabet, a system of writing, a method of counting and weights and measure. They had no calendar but counted the years by the period of the moon and from one harvest to another.

Spanish Regime

The later part of the 16th CenturyDevelopment of schools

Colegio de San Ildefonso-Cebu-1595Colegio de San Ignacio-Manila-1595Colegio De Nuestra Senora del Rosario-

Manila-1597

Colegio De San Jose-Manila-1601

Spanish Regime

Development of HospitalsSan Juan Lazaro Hospital the oldest in the Far East was founded in 1578.

•17th and 18th Century•Successive shipwrecks of and attacks of pirates on the galleons led to declining profits from the trade that led to economic depression in Manila during the later part of the 17th century.

Spanish Regime

The Real Sociedad Economica de los Amigos Del Pais de Filipinas founded by Governador Jose Basco y Vargas in 1780 encouraged research in agriculture and industry. The society promoted cultivation of indigo, cotton, cinnamon, and silk industry.

In 1789 Manila was opened to Asian shipping, inaugurating an era of increase in export of rice, hemp, tobacco, sugar, and indigo, and imports of manufacturing goods.

Spanish Regime

The 19th CenturyIn 1863 the colonial authorities issued a

royal degree to reform the existing educational system.

In 1871 the school of medicine and pharmacy were opened to UST, after 15 years it had granted the degree of Licenciado en Medicina to 62 graduates.

Spanish Regime

The licentiate degree equivalent to a Master degree was granted Bachelor’s degree in pharmacy to its 1st six graduates who included Leon Ma. Guerrero considered was the father of Philippine Pharmacy due to his works on Medicinal Plants of the Philippines.

There were no school for engineering but they offered nautical four year course for pilot of merchant marine that includes the subject:

Spanish Regime

ArithmeticAlgebraGeometryTrigonometryPhysicsHydrographyMeteorologyNavigationPilotage

Spanish Regime

Higher education was generally viewed with suspicion as encouraging rebellion among native Filipinos and thus only few daring students were able to undertake higher studies.

The expanded world trade and commerce in the later part of the 19th century led to the rapid development of Manila as cosmopolitan center.Modern amenities such as steam tramways, waterworks, newspaper, electric lights, banking system were introduce in 19th century.

Spanish Regime

Jesuits promoted meteorological studies founding Manila observatory at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1865.

PICTURES

3,000 B.C

smelting and refining of iron

THE END….

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