Brick Masonry Fall 09

Definitions & HistoryMortarBrick MasonryConcrete MasonryStone Masonry

Brick Masonary That’s Masonry not Masonary….dummy!

University of Virginia LibraryThomas Jefferson – Architect

Third President of the United States.

Very very very brief History

Native field stones piled upon one another without mortar Sod or dried mud Clay & silt 1000 A.D. The Romans: perfected arch and vault, built forum buildings, theaters,

baths, aqueducts & homes – temples like the Parthanon! Mud joints

– Kept out wind & rain– Gave a level building surface

Mortar Functions

• Provides for full bearing

• Seals between masonry units

• Adheres / bonds masonry units

• Aesthetics

•20%± of wall area•Affects the color and texture of masonry wall•Mortar specified in testing standard ASTM C-270

Mortar Ingredients

• Portland Cement

• Hydrated Lime

• Sand

• Water

• Admixtures (optional)

TYPES OF MORTAR: “MSNOK”

• Type "M" (High): Strength (2500 psi) High lateral and compressive loads & below grade uses

• Type "S" (Medium-High): Strength (1800 psi) High flexural and normal compressive loads (most common)

• Type "N" (Medium): Strength (750 psi) General above grade uses (almost useless)

• Type "O" (Medium-Low): Strength (350 psi) Non-Load bearing walls (pretty useless)

• Type "K" (Low): Strength (75 psi) Non-Load bearing where permitted (fairly useless)

Brick Positions:

StretcherHeaderSoldierShinerRowlockSailor

Course: Continuous layer

Wythe: Continuous vertical section

Basic Brickwork Terminology

BedJoint

HeadJoint

Course - horizontal layer of brick

Basic Brickwork Terminology

Header - Bonds two wythes together Wythe: vertical layer 1 unit thick

Soldier - Laid on its end, face parallel

Rowlock - laid on face, end visible

Stretcher - long dimension horizontal & face parallel to the wall

Corbel Shelf or ledge formed by projecting successive courses of masonry out from the face of a wall

Quions Stone blocks used to form strong corners.

Considerations in Choosing Brick

• Molding process

• Color

• Size

• Grade

• Type

“Molded” or “Handmade” solid units pressed into fiberglass, wood or steel molds used to be by hand, now machines sand or water coated molds to release

bricks usually rougher surface and edges

EXTRUDED pushed through a dye & then cut by wire “kinda’ like square toothpaste”

• hollow core• formed into a column and cut to size with wires• usually smoother surface and finer edges

However, most brick is……….

Firing Process:

PERIODIC KILN

TUNNEL KILN

Brick Masonry - Sizes and Shapes• No standard size

• Normal coursing - 3 bricks h = 8” (including mortar joints so it aligns with 8” block (CMU)

• Larger sizes mostly for economy• Custom Shapes & Colors ($$$$$)

Sizes: MODULAR 8”

STANDARD 75/8”

THREE-INCH OVERSIZE ROMAN NORMAN SIX-INCH JUMBO JUMBO

Brick MasonryImportant Qualities

Grade:Weatherability: evaluates how the bricks will hold up

to weather exposure (freeze/thaw, rain, etc.)

Grades:Facing Bricks: evaluates the uniformity of shape, dimension, texture &

color

Brick Bonds

– Running bond– Stacked bond

Brick Joints WEATHERED CONCAVE VEE FLUSH RAKED STRIPPED STRUCK

Wood Mold

Extruded – Wire Cut Extruded – Smooth

Extruded – Raked

Joint Color that “Blends” w/ Brick Color

Concave Joints

Flush Joints

Racked Joints

• Layout & Leads

• Line

Stationary Scaffolding

Adjustable Scaffold

Tooling Joints

Spanning Masonry Openings

• Lintels– Purpose– Materials

• Reinforced Concrete

• Reinforced Brick

• Steel Angles

• Arches

Cleaning Masonry

Steel Lintel