Bert Collard Rice Seminar Series Current position: Scientist II (breeder) Since March 2011 Education and training PhD in Agricultural Science (1998 – 2002 ) - University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia Bachelor of Science (Honours) (1993 – 1997) - University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia Work experience Durum wheat breeder (2009-2011) - Department of Primary Industries NSW Research Scientist (2008) - Department of Primary Industries VIC Research Scientist (2006-2007) - Queensland Department of Primary Industries Postdoctoral Research Fellow (2005-2006) - PBGB, IRRI Postdoctoral Research Fellow (2003-2004) - University
An IRRI Seminar delivered by Bertrand Collard, scientist (plant breeding) at the International Rice Research Institute, on 13 September 2012 at IRRI Headquarters in Los Baños, Philippines. (Visit www.irri.org)
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Transcript
Bert Collard
Rice Seminar Series
Current position: Scientist II (breeder)Since March 2011
Education and trainingPhD in Agricultural Science (1998 – 2002 ) - University of Melbourne, VIC,
AustraliaBachelor of Science (Honours) (1993 – 1997) - University of Melbourne, VIC,
Australia
Work experienceDurum wheat breeder (2009-2011) - Department of Primary Industries NSWResearch Scientist (2008) - Department of Primary Industries VICResearch Scientist (2006-2007) - Queensland Department of Primary IndustriesPostdoctoral Research Fellow (2005-2006) - PBGB, IRRIPostdoctoral Research Fellow (2003-2004) - University of Southern QueenslandResearch Assistant (2000-2002) - RMIT University, VIC
Research highlights• Senior durum wheat breeder/ program leader for Australian Durum wheat
breeding program• >10 years experience in molecular genetics research for disease
resistance, abiotic stress tolerances and quality traits in bread wheat, chickpea, barley, sorghum and rice
• Experience in DNA marker validation research within Australian Wheat and Barley Molecular Marker Program
• Working with Dave Mackill at IRRI (2005-2006) in marker-assisted backcrossing program for Sub1 and abiotic stress tolerances
IRRI claim to fame:• Rice breeding course co-ordinator• Highest water bill by research staff in PBGB (or even IRRI ?)
Breeding new flood tolerant rice varieties
Bert CollardIRRI
PART I: Past achievements
4
PART II: Current activities
PART III: Future directions
Flooding
5
Types of flooding1. Crop establishment (anaerobic germination)
2. Flash-flooding (short duration ~2 weeks)
3. Medium deep water (Stagnant, slow rise)
6
FR13A
7
Sub1 is major QTL for submergence tolerance
0 10 20 30 40
LOD score
50cM
100cM
150cM
OPN4
OPAB16
C1232
RZ698
OPS14RG553
R1016RZ206
RZ422
C985
RG570
RG451
RZ404
Sub-1(t)
1200
850
900
OPH7950
OPQ1600
~ 69% of the variation explained by a single QTL on chromosome 9: Sub1
Xu KN & Mackill DJ (1996). Mol. Breeding 2:
219-224.
8
9
Xu et al. (2006) Nature 442: 705-708
“Mega-varieties” of rice• extremely popular varieties which have higher yields
and farmers prefer• Problem: susceptible to abiotic stresses• Solution: use backcrossing strategy
BR11 (Bangladesh)
Swarna (India) IR64 (Asia)
“…there are many undesirable aspects associated with precipitous changes in varieties. Farmers are reluctant to rapidly shift their production from an old proven variety to an unknown new one. Their reluctance is based on their familiarity with the old variety which permits them to exploit to the maximum potential yielding ability. They know the best rates and dates of seeding of the old variety for their local conditions. ...
...The conventional backcross method .... [produces] new varieties which are phenotypically similar to the recurrent parent and is thereby readily received by both farmer and miller.”
11
Normal Borlaug 1957
DNA markers improve efficiency of backcrossing
12
CONVENTIONAL BACKCROSSINGx P2P1
DONORVARIETY
P1 x F1
P1 x BC1
P1 x BC2
P1 x BC3
P1 x BC4
P1 x BC5
P1 x BC6
BC6F2
• Select target gene. Discard ~50% BC1
• Visually select BC1 progeny that closely resemble variety
~6
YE
AR
S
Repeat process until at least BC6
13
MAS
MARKER ASSISTED BACKCROSSINGx P2P1
DONORVARIETY
P1 x F1
P1 x BC1
P1 x BC2
P1 x BC3
BC3Fn fixed lines
3 -
4 Y
EA
RS MAS
MAS
MAS
14
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
SUB1
CONVENTIONAL BACKCROSSING
Unwanted donor chromosome segments
15
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
SUB1
MARKER ASSISTED BACKCROSSING
High level of precision
16
C25 straight after de-submergence 2011 WS
17
Swarna-Sub1 after submergence stress
1 week 2 weeks 3 weeks
18
Submergence tolerance screening
Swarna Swarna Sub1 19
Short video
20
Rigorous evaluation of Sub1 varieties lines for:• Submergence tolerance• Yield and agronomic traits• Grain quality
Rigorous evaluation of Sub1 varieties lines for:• Submergence tolerance• Yield and agronomic traits• Grain quality
Name Year developed Country
Swarna-Sub1 2006India, Bangladesh, Nepal
IR64-Sub1 2007 All Asia
Samba Mahsuri-Sub1 2007
India, Bangladesh, Nepal
TDK 1-Sub1 2007 LaosBR11-Sub1 2007 BangladeshCR1009-Sub1 2007 India