Breast Cancer and Breast Health: The Journey from Detection to Survivor

Breast HealthMary Haley-Emery, RNNurse Navigator

www.SpringfieldClinic.comwww.SpringfieldClinic.com

Breast Health

• What is a Nurse Navigator?– Someone that assists the patient through

the healthcare system from the time of diagnosis to the end of treatment or survivorship

• I am also responsible for community education regarding breast health

Objectives

• Educate you regarding breast health

• Educate you regarding mammograms

• Make a lasting impression regarding why you should get a mammogram

Malcolm Knowles

• What does he have to do with breast health?

• Nothing, really. He found that effective adult learning works best when certain principles are followed (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2005).

Adult Learning Principles

• Adult Educators state people retain– 20% of what they HEAR

Adult Learning Principles

• Adult Educators state people retain– 20% of what they HEAR – 30% of what they SEE

Adult Learning Principles

• Adult Educators state people retain– 20% of what they HEAR – 30% of what they SEE– 50% of what they SEE and HEAR

Adult Learning Principles

• Adult Educators state people retain– 20% of what they HEAR – 30% of what they SEE– 50% of what they SEE and HEAR– 70% of what they SEE, HEAR & SAY

Adult Learning Principles

• Adult Educators state people retain– 20% of what they HEAR – 30% of what they SEE– 50% of what they SEE and HEAR– 70% of what they SEE, HEAR & SAY– 90% of what they SEE, HEAR, SAY & DO

• Pay close attention tonight… There may be a quiz later!!

Breast Cancer Statistics

• According to the American Cancer Society there will be:

– 57,650 cases of in-situ carcinoma and

– 230,480 cases of invasive breast cancer diagnosed in 2011 (www.cancer.org).

Ductal Carcinoma in-situ

www.breastcancer.org

Invasive Ductal Carcinoma

www.Breastcancer.org

• National Cancer Institute. www.cancer.gov

Breast Cancer Statistics

• The American Cancer Society also states that breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer in women, other than skin cancer.

• Breast cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in women, after lung cancer

Breast Cancer Statistics

• A female’s chance of developing breast cancer are 1 in 8

• There are currently more than 2.5 million breast cancer survivors in the United States

Probability of Developing Breast Cancer• Table 5. Age-specific Probabilities of Developing Invasive Female Breast

Cancer*

• The probability of developing breast cancer in the next 10 years is: • If current age is … † or 1 in:• 20 0.06% 1,760• 30 0.44% 229• 40 1.44% 69• 50 2.39% 42• 60 3.40% 29• 70 3.73% 27• Lifetime risk 12.08% 8

• *Among those free of cancer at beginning of age interval. Based on cases diagnosed 2004-2006.

• Percentages and ”1 in” numbers may not be numerically equivalent due to rounding.

• † Probability derived using NCI DevCan Software, Version 6.4.0.• (American Cancer Society, Breast Cancer Facts and Figures, 2009-2010)

Risk Factors

• Risk Factors are divided into 2 categories

– Those you cannot change

– Those that are lifestyle choices/changeable

Risk Factors

• Non-changeable– Gender– Age– Inherited gene mutations– Family History– Race– History of Lobular Carcinoma in-situ– Menstrual cycle that started before the age

of 12 or menopause after the age of 55 (American Cancer Society, 2011)

Risk Factors

• Lifestyle Choices/Changeable– Not having children or having them later in life– Use of hormone therapy after menopause– Not breast feeding– Alcohol intake – 2-5 drinks per day may increase

the risk 1.5 times compared to women who don’t drink at all

– Overweight/Obese– Lack of exercise

(American Cancer Society, 2011)

What can You do?

• Self Breast Exam – perform monthly – choose a date that is easy for you to remember

• If you do not perform this on a monthly basis then at least be “Aware” of your own body

What can You do?

•Clinical Breast Exam– This should be performed by a clinician at

least once per year

What can You do?

• GET YOUR MAMMOGRAM!!– This should be a yearly screening beginning

at the age of 40

– You may begin mammography before the age of 40 depending on your medical and family history

What can You do?

• Get out and EXERCISE!– Engaging in at least 30 minutes of exercise per

day may help reduce the risk of breast cancer

– Exercise should be moderate in intensity… This means you have to sweat!

(Facts for Life/Healthy Living, 2011. Susan G. Komen Foundation. www.komen.org)

What can You do?

• The American Institute for Cancer Research recommends changes in dietary consumption of certain foods to help reduce your risk of developing breast cancer

What can You do?

• Simple dietary changes can make a healthy impact– Consume more fruits, vegetables, whole

grains and beans– Limit red meat– Limit alcohol to one drink per day– Don’t use supplements as a substitute for a

healthy diet (The American Institute for Cancer Research. Stopping Cancer Series.

Questions and answers about breast health and breast cancer. Publication #E7B-QC)

What is not a Normal finding?

• A single lump that is soft or hard

• A change in the shape of the breast

• A change in the color or texture of the breast

• A change in the location or appearance of the nipple

• Bloody or cloudy discharge

• Sores on the breast that do not heal

A single lump in the breast that is hard or soft

A change in the shape, color or texture of the breast

Nipple Retraction

Surprise!!

• What age should you begin getting mammograms and how often?

• How often should you have a clinical breast exam?

• What type of drink should be limited to one per day?

• How many minutes of exercise should you get per day?

• Name one abnormal finding that would prompt you to seek medical attention?

• When are you going to schedule your mammogram?

MAMMOGRAMS

DON’T MISS ONE …

NOT EVEN ONCE