Brazil* Order and Progress By: Elizabeth Furrer. G e O g R a P h h y 7,491 km coastline Tropical Climate, temperate in South Plains, Hills, Mts.,

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Brazil* Order and Progress

By: Elizabeth Furrer









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7,491 km 7,491 km coastlinecoastline

Tropical Climate, Tropical Climate, temperate in Southtemperate in South

Plains, Hills, Mts., Plains, Hills, Mts., Narrow Coastal BeltNarrow Coastal Belt

Highest Pt.:Highest Pt.:Pico de NeblinaPico de NeblinaLowest Pt.:Lowest Pt.:Atlantic OceanAtlantic Ocean

But Brazil isn’t all about pretty cities and beautiful beaches…But Brazil isn’t all about pretty cities and beautiful beaches…



So, what is Brazil all about?So, what is Brazil all about?-Capital: Brasilia-Capital: Brasilia

-Population: 190,010,647-Population: 190,010,647

-26 States-26 States

-Borders every South American country except -Borders every South American country except Chile and EcuadorChile and Ecuador

-Language: Portuguese (official), Spanish, -Language: Portuguese (official), Spanish, English, FrenchEnglish, French

-Religion: Roman Catholic: 74%-Religion: Roman Catholic: 74%

Protestant, Spiritualist, Bantu/Voodoo, NoneProtestant, Spiritualist, Bantu/Voodoo, None

-Ethnic Groups: 54% White, 39% Mulatto, 6% -Ethnic Groups: 54% White, 39% Mulatto, 6% Black, 1% Other/UnspecifiedBlack, 1% Other/Unspecified

*South America would be LOST without Brazil:*South America would be LOST without Brazil:

Not only the largest country, but it is the leading Not only the largest country, but it is the leading economic power and regional leader.economic power and regional leader.

Then what keeps Then what keeps the country the country running?running?



The GovernmentThe GovernmentType: Federal RepublicType: Federal Republic(consequently Federative Republic of Brazil)(consequently Federative Republic of Brazil)Separate states are self-governed, but under Separate states are self-governed, but under the power of the central government.the power of the central government.

Executive BranchExecutive BranchCurrent President: Luiz InacioCurrent President: Luiz InacioPresident is both chief of state and the headPresident is both chief of state and the headof the government.of the government.Current Vice President: Jose AlencarCurrent Vice President: Jose AlencarCabinet is approved by the President.Cabinet is approved by the President.Elections are held every 4 years- president Elections are held every 4 years- president and vice president elected on same ticket.and vice president elected on same ticket.Last election: October 1, 2006Last election: October 1, 2006

Legislative BranchLegislative BranchBicameral: The National Congress consistingBicameral: The National Congress consistingof the Federal Senate and The Chamber ofof the Federal Senate and The Chamber ofdeputies.deputies.

Judicial BranchJudicial BranchSupreme Federal Tribunal- 11 ministers appointedSupreme Federal Tribunal- 11 ministers appointedfor life; approved by the President.for life; approved by the President.Higher Tribunal of Justice; Regional Federal TribunalsHigher Tribunal of Justice; Regional Federal TribunalsJudges also appointed for life.Judges also appointed for life.

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oSilva is led by the PT party (Partido dos Trabalhadores) orSilva is led by the PT party (Partido dos Trabalhadores) orthe Worker’s Party, which grew from a period of social unrestthe Worker’s Party, which grew from a period of social unrestoA lot of corruptions involving the PT party, its allies, and the A lot of corruptions involving the PT party, its allies, and the Brazilian political systemBrazilian political systemoSilva has managed to escape any major criticismSilva has managed to escape any major criticismoCountry has strong international influenceCountry has strong international influenceoBrazil is a candidate for a permanent seat on the UN Security CouncilBrazil is a candidate for a permanent seat on the UN Security CounciloSuccessful in international trade negotiationsSuccessful in international trade negotiationsoForming strong alliances with other large countries such as India, Forming strong alliances with other large countries such as India, South Africa, and ChinaSouth Africa, and China


are needed to see this picture.A short A short history ofhistory of*Portuguese were the 1st European settlers to arrive in the country; led by Pedro Cabral in 1500*Portuguese were the 1st European settlers to arrive in the country; led by Pedro Cabral in 1500

*Around 7 million native tribes living there when discovered*Around 7 million native tribes living there when discovered

*Portuguese weren’t like Spanish- more interested in profitable trade than conquering*Portuguese weren’t like Spanish- more interested in profitable trade than conquering

*Under 3 centuries of Portuguese rule*Under 3 centuries of Portuguese rule

*In 1807- Dom Joao went to Brazil to escape Napoleon Bonaparte’s control over Lisbon*In 1807- Dom Joao went to Brazil to escape Napoleon Bonaparte’s control over Lisbon

*While in Brazil, he established the colony as the capital of his empire*While in Brazil, he established the colony as the capital of his empire

*In 1821, Dom Joao could finally return to Europe; left his son, Dom Pedro I, in control of Brazil*In 1821, Dom Joao could finally return to Europe; left his son, Dom Pedro I, in control of Brazil

*On September 7, 1822, Brazil became an independent nation under the command of Dom Pedro*On September 7, 1822, Brazil became an independent nation under the command of Dom Pedro

*Officially deemed a republic in 1889*Officially deemed a republic in 1889

*Overcame military intervention in regards to the country’s rule in 1985*Overcame military intervention in regards to the country’s rule in 1985

*Led to the military regime handing over the power to civilian rulers*Led to the military regime handing over the power to civilian rulers

*Still continues to grow and flourish today*Still continues to grow and flourish today



But the development of Brazil isn’t as easy as pushing a But the development of Brazil isn’t as easy as pushing a button..button..



Deforestation!Deforestation!As of Jan. 24, 2008, destruction As of Jan. 24, 2008, destruction of the Amazon rainforest has of the Amazon rainforest has increased dramatically after a 2 increased dramatically after a 2 year “breather”year “breather”

234 sq. kms in August- 948 sq. 234 sq. kms in August- 948 sq. kms in December- total of 3,235 kms in December- total of 3,235 sq kms in the periodsq kms in the period

Since 1970, the Amazon has lost 70,000 sq kms of jungle out of the 6 million sq. kms it Since 1970, the Amazon has lost 70,000 sq kms of jungle out of the 6 million sq. kms it coverscoversForest is known as the “lungs of the world” since it helps to consume greenhouse gas and Forest is known as the “lungs of the world” since it helps to consume greenhouse gas and produce oxygenproduce oxygenThe five-month spike is four times as much as the same time in 2004The five-month spike is four times as much as the same time in 2004Gilberto Camara, head of the National Institute for Space Research,Gilberto Camara, head of the National Institute for Space Research,claims, “We have never before detected such a high deforestation rateclaims, “We have never before detected such a high deforestation ratethis time of the year.”this time of the year.”Before, President Luiz Inacio said the deforestation was reduced by 50% since July 2005 Before, President Luiz Inacio said the deforestation was reduced by 50% since July 2005 due to controls on illegal logging and land ownershipdue to controls on illegal logging and land ownership

WHAT DO WE DO?WHAT DO WE DO?

*President called an emergency meeting of the Cabinet to call attention to the *President called an emergency meeting of the Cabinet to call attention to the reversal of an “improving problem”reversal of an “improving problem”*Will combat deforestation with extra federal police and environmental agents *Will combat deforestation with extra federal police and environmental agents *Monitor areas where people are likely to plant crops and raise livestock*Monitor areas where people are likely to plant crops and raise livestock*Agriculture Minister Reinhold Stephanes claims, “Latin America’s largest *Agriculture Minister Reinhold Stephanes claims, “Latin America’s largest nation has plenty of available land for farming and raising cattle that has nation has plenty of available land for farming and raising cattle that has already been deforested.”already been deforested.”*Farmers as well as loggers will be targeted*Farmers as well as loggers will be targeted*Will target 36 areas registered for the highest rates of deforestation*Will target 36 areas registered for the highest rates of deforestation*Also, farmers working in deforested areas must reregister holdings to prove *Also, farmers working in deforested areas must reregister holdings to prove they’re not illegalthey’re not illegal



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EconomyEconomyLarge, well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectorsLarge, well-developed agricultural, mining, manufacturing, and service sectorsThree pillars of their economic program- 1) floating exchange rate. 2) Three pillars of their economic program- 1) floating exchange rate. 2) inflation-targeting regime. 3) tight fiscal policyinflation-targeting regime. 3) tight fiscal policyUnemployment rate: 9.8%Unemployment rate: 9.8%Population below poverty line: 31%Population below poverty line: 31%Brazil currently is having economic success, unlike the U.S.Brazil currently is having economic success, unlike the U.S.““Economic boom and easier credit terms”Economic boom and easier credit terms”This means millions of Brazilians qualify for loans for the 1st timeThis means millions of Brazilians qualify for loans for the 1st timeMainly because a stable economy, falling unemployment, booming exports Mainly because a stable economy, falling unemployment, booming exports and low inflation, banks are seeking a much wider customer baseand low inflation, banks are seeking a much wider customer baseGross domestic product for Brazil rose 5% in 2007 and expected to rise Gross domestic product for Brazil rose 5% in 2007 and expected to rise another 4.5% this yearanother 4.5% this year


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High global demand for the vast natural resources- meats, ethanol, iron ore, High global demand for the vast natural resources- meats, ethanol, iron ore, sugar, coffee, and orange juicesugar, coffee, and orange juiceUpper class Brazilians are able to travel abroadUpper class Brazilians are able to travel abroadPresident Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva expanded a social safety net of food money President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva expanded a social safety net of food money for the poor and is promising jobs through an increase in government sponsored for the poor and is promising jobs through an increase in government sponsored spendingspendingUsually poor die poor, but Brazil could reach a new feat in history by changing Usually poor die poor, but Brazil could reach a new feat in history by changing thisthis(Silva is Brazil’s first working-class president)(Silva is Brazil’s first working-class president)The only problem is they don’t know for sure if the poorer Brazilians are The only problem is they don’t know for sure if the poorer Brazilians are benefiting from the boombenefiting from the boomAll in all, happier Brazilians have ensued since they can save money, earn All in all, happier Brazilians have ensued since they can save money, earn credit and buy luxuries they couldn’t afford in the past.credit and buy luxuries they couldn’t afford in the past.


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Brazil saves $1 billion on HIV/AIDS drugsBrazil saves $1 billion on HIV/AIDS drugs

People living with HIV/AIDS: 660,000People living with HIV/AIDS: 660,000

Prevalence rate in adults: .7%Prevalence rate in adults: .7%

Deaths: 15,000Deaths: 15,000

Skills in negotiating price reductions with Skills in negotiating price reductions with pharmaceutical companies for patented HIV/AIDS pharmaceutical companies for patented HIV/AIDS drugs.drugs.

U.S. found since 1996, Brazil has provided free U.S. found since 1996, Brazil has provided free access to highly active antiretroviral therapy.access to highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Prices of antiretroviral drugs in Brazil lower than Prices of antiretroviral drugs in Brazil lower than in other devloping countries.in other devloping countries.

Francisco Bastos from the Oswaldo Cruz Francisco Bastos from the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation in Rio de Janeiro claims, “Brazil has Foundation in Rio de Janeiro claims, “Brazil has been efficient in the price negotiations with the been efficient in the price negotiations with the pharmaceutical companies combining political pharmaceutical companies combining political determination and technical ability.”determination and technical ability.”

He also claims, “The challenge is to He also claims, “The challenge is to strengthen our leadership as the strengthen our leadership as the developing country with the most developing country with the most extensive AIDS program worldwide.”extensive AIDS program worldwide.”

Problem: the cost of generic ARVs has Problem: the cost of generic ARVs has gone up in Brazil in recent years and is gone up in Brazil in recent years and is consequently higher than those in other consequently higher than those in other developing countries, but falling in the developing countries, but falling in the international marketplace.international marketplace.

Mauro Schechter, AIDS researcher from Mauro Schechter, AIDS researcher from the University of Rio de Janeiro says “The the University of Rio de Janeiro says “The results indicate local production may not results indicate local production may not be an advantage.”be an advantage.”

Better distribution of ARVs will depend Better distribution of ARVs will depend on improving infrastructure and training on improving infrastructure and training medical workers, which is costly.medical workers, which is costly.

As patients live longer, the treatment As patients live longer, the treatment becomes more expensive.becomes more expensive.

Millennium Development Goals in BrazilMillennium Development Goals in Brazil



1. Eradicate Poverty- ACHIEVED1. Eradicate Poverty- ACHIEVEDReport in 2007 showed the country reducedReport in 2007 showed the country reducedthe percentage of Brazilians living on less than a dollarthe percentage of Brazilians living on less than a dollar per day from 9.5% to 4.2% between 1992 and 2005.per day from 9.5% to 4.2% between 1992 and 2005.CONGRATULATIONS BRAZIL!CONGRATULATIONS BRAZIL!

2.2. Achieve Universal EducationAchieve Universal EducationSignificant improvements; almost universal coverage for elementary schools. Significant improvements; almost universal coverage for elementary schools. Still lacking since many kids finish 4th grade without a proficiency in reading and Still lacking since many kids finish 4th grade without a proficiency in reading and writing.writing.Literacy rate: 88.6%Literacy rate: 88.6%

3.3. Promote Gender Equality and Empowerment of WomenPromote Gender Equality and Empowerment of WomenSlight improvement. Woman have achieved higher levels of schooling than men; Slight improvement. Woman have achieved higher levels of schooling than men; however, discrimination still apparent in domestic violence and politics.however, discrimination still apparent in domestic violence and politics.

4.4. Reduce Child MortalityReduce Child MortalityReducing at a fast pace. Most likely to reach goal if the trend continues.Reducing at a fast pace. Most likely to reach goal if the trend continues.

(Millennium Development Goals Cont.)(Millennium Development Goals Cont.)5. Improve Maternal Healthcare5. Improve Maternal HealthcareMaternal mortality rate went from 61.2 to 53.4 per 10,000 babies born between Maternal mortality rate went from 61.2 to 53.4 per 10,000 babies born between 1997 and 2005- right on track.1997 and 2005- right on track.

6.6. Combat HIV/AIDS/Malaria/Other DiseasesCombat HIV/AIDS/Malaria/Other DiseasesThe number of people infected with HIV/AIDS has remainedThe number of people infected with HIV/AIDS has remainedconstant but the number of deaths has fallen, which results constant but the number of deaths has fallen, which results in fulfilling the goal since they reversed the trend of the growing in fulfilling the goal since they reversed the trend of the growing death rate.death rate.

7.7. Ensure Environmental SustainabilityEnsure Environmental SustainabilityExpanding their energy and water supply, but deforestation Expanding their energy and water supply, but deforestation and improving rural and urban sanitation is still in question.and improving rural and urban sanitation is still in question.

8.8. Develop a global partnership for development.Develop a global partnership for development.Making considerable efforts towards “achieveing access to AIDSMaking considerable efforts towards “achieveing access to AIDSmedicines.” Brazil is also into promoting global partnerships using the South-medicines.” Brazil is also into promoting global partnerships using the South-South Cooperation as a way to achieve this goal.South Cooperation as a way to achieve this goal.

Works Citedhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/ge

os/br.html#Geohttp://www.geographia.com/brazil/brazihistory.htmhttp://us.oneworld.net/external/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earthtimes.org%2Farticles%2Fshow%2F177765%2Cdestruction-of-brazils-rain-forest-accelerating.htmlhttp://us.oneworld.net/external/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scidev.net%2FNews%2Findex.cfm%3Ffuseaction%3DreadNews%26itemid%3D4090%26language%3D1http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticleNew.asp?xfile=data/theworld/2008/January/theworld_January727.xml&section=theworld&col=http://premium.hoovers.com/subscribe/co/news/detail.xhtml?ID=10640&ArticleID=20080131140.5.1_522000603fa77436&source_type%255B%255D=nhttp://uk.oneworld.net/guides/brazil/developmenthttp://www.mdgmonitor.org/factsheets_00.cfm?c=BRA&cd=

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html#Geo

https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/br.html#Geo

http://www.geographia.com/brazil/brazihistory.htm

Brazil* Order and Progress By: Elizabeth Furrer. G e O g R a P h h y 7,491 km coastline Tropical Climate, temperate in South Plains, Hills, Mts.,

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