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7/23/2019 Branko Dimitrijevic - Folklore, Modernity and Death
Y-.)slavian si'e< , *-t t8at t8ese 08an.es +ere seen as a m)st+el0)me 'evel)9ment /)r t8e Y-.)slav si'e< Als), it is a99arent t8att8e ;)lis8 Ministr: )/ G-lt-re an' its entr-ste' instit-ti)ns sele0te'!r)*le+si /)r t8is visit, t).et8er +it8 t8e :)-n. art 0riti0 Bar*araMaje+sa +8) a00)m9anie' 8im< As an artist !r)*le+si +as
entirel: -nn)+n in Y-.)slavia at t8e time, an' t8e r)le in +8i08 8e-n'ert)) t8is j)-rne: +as 9rimaril: )/ s)me)ne me'iatin. a9re9arati)n t) e?08an.e e?8i*iti)ns )/ 0)ntem9)rar: art *et+een;)lan' an' Y-.)slavia< T8e visit +as )r.ani(e' *: t8e Y-.)slavG)mmissi)n /)r Internati)nal G-lt-ral Relati)ns, le' *: Mar) Ristić,a s-rrealist 9)et an' a 9reC+ar 0)mm-nist +it8 esta*lis8e' lins+it8 An're Bret)n an' Fren08 intelle0t-al an' artisti0 0ir0les an' )ne)/ t8e lea'in. >.-res )/ 'eC"talinisati)n )/ Y-.)slav 0-lt-ral 9)li0:in t8e 4562s<6 In t8e ')0-ments in a /)rm )/ t8e re9)rt t8at'es0ri*es t8e artisti0 li/e in Y-.)slavia, Risti0 is 'es0ri*e' as 9isar(
I seretar( .eneraln:< Ristić re9re(ent-je ier-nem)'ernist:0(n: i jest -+aPan: – + t:m r+nieP 9r(e( -.)sQa+ian –(a 0(Q)+iea )''ane.) Za08)')+i< ! s(ere.- +:9a'+ )n samini0j-je nietre im9re(: art:st:0(ne s9r)+a'(aj0 (nan:08 l-*(a9r(:jaSni)n:08 ( nim art:st+<7 F)ll)+in. Tit)#s *rea +it8G)min/)rm in 45, Y-.)slav G)mm-nist ;art: .ra'-all: a*an')ne's)me 9)liti0al an' e0)n)mi0 9remises )/ ")vietCt:9e s)0ialism,+8i08 in internati)nal relati)ns im9lie' a stan'still in an: e?08an.e+it8 t8e 0)-ntries )/ t8e ")viet *l)0, an' t8e im9r)vement )/ t8erelati)ns +it8 t8e !estern 0)-ntries, 9rimaril: t8e %"< -st t)
9ra0e Henre.) M))rea nie +(*-'(iQ: Pa'ne.) (ainteres)+ania+r' 9-*li0(n)0i, )'+r)tnie r:t:i *:Q: *ar'() s0e9t:0(ne,)'*:Qa )na il-miesiV0(ne t)-rnee 9) .Q+niejs(:08 miasta08 -.)sQa+ii, a sam M))re +:)r(:staQ s+j 9)*:t 9r(: 0(:nn:m9)9ar0i- Ristića na *e(0erem)nialne +:Qa': 'la lan's)+ania
a*stra0j)ni(m- +r' mQ)'e.) 9))lenia 9last:+ j-.)sQ)+iaJsi08<5 "-08 e?am9les n)t )nl: s8)+ 8)+ 9)liti0alman)e-vrin.s )/ Y-.)slav lea'ers8i9 in@-en0e' 0-lt-ral >el', *-tt8e: als) s8)+ an in8erite', *)-r.e)is, ten'en0: t)+ar's val-in.!estern art as a r)le m)'el /)r t8e 'evel)9ment )/ m)'ernisti'i)ms in Y-.)slav< In t8is res9e0t t8e sit-ati)n in ;)lan' an' Y-.)slavia +as -ite similar alt8)-.8 it seeme' at t8e time t8at t8is9r)0ess in Y-.)slavia 8a' *een alrea': a'van0e'< Es9e0iall: t8em)'el )/ ;arisian m)'ernism Was t8ere +ere s-s9i0i)ns t)+ar'sAmeri0an art t8at +ere n)t 9rimaril: i'e)l).i0al *-t 0-lt-ral in terms
)/ in8erite' *)-r.e)is e-r)C0entri0it:42X +as re0eive' ver:*enev)lentl:, as it re@e0te' a linea.e )/ art *e/)re !!II t8atee0tivel: s-rvive' t8e s)0ialist rev)l-ti)n an' +as maintaine' as')minant in a0a'emi0 instit-ti)ns< B-t in .eneral, t8e vi0t)r: )/m)'ernism )ver realism +as inter9rete' as an in'e? )/ t8em)'erni(ati)n )/ t8e +8)le s)0iet:<
It is n) +)n'er t8at ;)lan' +as t8e >rst eastern 0)-ntr: +it8+8i08 Y-.)slavia reCesta*lis8e' *r)en lins< First )/ all, ;)lan' 8a'*e/)re8an' 8a' a ver: /av)-ra*le ima.e am)n. t8e Y-.)slavs< It
Y-.)slavia *e0a-se it +as -se' as a 9r))/ t8at )nl: t8e Y-.)slavm)'el )/ +)rers# sel/Cmana.ement 0an *e a real an' via*les)0ialist alternative t) *-rea-0rati0 "talinism< In a l)n. re9)rt9-*lis8e' in O0t)*er 4567 )n t8e t+) lea'in. 9a.es )/ t8e m)stin@-ential 9)liti0al +eel: in Bel.ra'e NIN WNe'eljne In/)rmativne
N)vineX, t8e 0)rres9)n'ent /r)m ;)lan', $eli*)r ;)9)vić, 9raises&)m-la#s Res)l-ti)n an' 'es0ri*es it in a 'etaile' manner, 9)int *:9)int< T8e te?t reaUrms t8e 8er)ism )/ t8e ;)les '-rin. t8e +ar, t8eama(ement a*)-t t8e re0)nstr-0ti)n )/ !arsa+, an' t8e stren.t8 )/ ;)lis8 +)rers t) >.8t a.ainst t8e inj-sti0es )/ 9lanne' e0)n)m:+8ere t8e +)rer is )nl: an a00)m9lis8er )/ t8e *-rea-0rati0 9lanan' n)t a *earer )/ ri.8ts in t8e 'e0isi)n main. 9r)0ess< Als),;)lan' 8as *een sin.le' )-t as t8e 0)-ntr: 9assi)natel: intereste'in e?9erien0es, s-00esses an' im9e'iments )/ its s)0ialist/rien's<44
In 0-lt-ral s98ere t8is interest +as re0).ni(e' 9rimaril: as aninterest in t8e Y-.)slav 9)liti0al en')rsement )/ a 9r)0ess )/a')9tin. a 9revi)-sl: i'e)l).i0all: -na00e9ta*le n)ti)n )/a-t)n)m)-s artisti0 /ree')ms ass)0iate' +it8 m)'ernist vis-allan.-a.e< In a mem) +ritten a*)-t !r)*le+si#s visit it is state't8at t8is visit +as )r.ani(e' in )r'er t) mae a *etter a0-aintan0e)/ ;)lis8 art 0riti0s +it8 Y-.)slav 0)ntem9)rar: vis-al art, an' t8att+) ;)lis8 0riti0s W!r)*le+si an' Maje+saX res9)n'e' t) t8isinvitati)n<43 H)+ +ere t8e: sele0te' /)r t8is tri9 is n)t entirel:
0lear, *-t a99arentl: it +as a 'e0isi)n ma'e *: t8e ;)lis8 Ministr: )/ G-lt-re an' t8e 'ire0t)r )/ t8e Instit-te /)r Art an' E?8i*iti)ns in!arsa+, R:s(ar' "tanisla+si<In an)t8er ')0-ment K)mitet!s9Q9ra0: K-lt-ralnej ( Za.rani0 in/)rme' t8at a/ter ne.)tiati)ns/)ll)+in. 'e0isi)ns 8a' *een taen in t8e >el' )/ arts In t8ear08ive )/ t8e G)mmissi)n t8ere are n) /-rt8er 'etails a*)-t t8isvisit, an' t8e /)0-s is 9-t )n )r.ani(in. t8e e?8i*iti)n t8at )9ene'-n'er t8e title M)'erna 9)ljsa -metn)st WM)'ern ;)lis8 ArtX inBel.ra'e )n Mar08 33 456= Wan' rat8er 9)i.nantl: )nl: a 'a: *e/)re!r)*le+si#s s-''en 'eat8X, +8i08 a/ter+ar's travelle' t) Lj-*ljana,
Za.re* an' ")9je<
41
Interestin.l:, t8is s8)+ 'i' n)t in0l-'e an:+)r *: !r)*le+si, an' it seems t8at 8is +)rs +ere s8)+n later
R)senstein, !)j0ie08 !eiss, "tanisQa+ Zl)t)+si, an' )t8ers[s0-l9t-res *: &a*riel Haj'as, Mie0(:sla+ Nar-s(e+i0(, Fran0is(e"tr:nie+i0(, Alina "(a9)0(ni)+, A'am ;r)0i an' )t8ers, as +ellas a sele0ti)n )/ .ra98i0 art an' 9)sters< "te/an Rassalsi +r)te t8eintr)'-0t)r: te?t in t8e 0atal).-e<
1& Mi)'ra. B-lat)vić W4514 C 4554X +as a +riter an' a j)-rnalist<His >rst n)vel top the %anu*e Waa< %evils are coming X +as 9-*lis8e' in4566 an' 8e is *est n)+n /)r 8is n)vel &en with four fingers W45=6X<M)st )/ 8is n)vels +ere translate' int) ;)lis8<
7/23/2019 Branko Dimitrijevic - Folklore, Modernity and Death
WEle98antX ni.8t 0l-*, +8i08 Maje+sa als) menti)ns as t8e 9la0e+8ere t8e: 'an0e' t) I l)ve ;aris in t8e m))nli.8t<37 On N)vem*er t8e: t)) an a99arentl: mem)ra*le tri9 t) t8e "l)venian 0)astWvisitin. t)+ns )/ K)9er, I()la, ;iran an' ;)rt)r)\X, an' )n t8eir +a:t8e: st)99e' t) visit t8e /ame' ;)st)jna 0ave< A n-m*er )/98)t).ra98s an' 'ra+in.s re/er t) t8is visit t) t8e 0)ast an' t8e0ave Me'iterranean am*ien0e )/ narr)+ streets an' t8e 9)rt )/;iran, a ne+l: *-ilt 8)tel in ;)rt)r)\, m)-ntains )n t8eir +a: an' a0astle near t8e entran0e t) ;)st)jna 0ave<
On N)vem*er 7 t8e: arrive' in Za.re* an' a99arentl: +ent t) t8e;avili)n Ivan Me`tr)vić 'esi.ne' an' +8i08 +as t-rne' int) am)s-e '-rin. t8e +ar an' later -se' *: t8e Gr)atian %ni)n )/artists< Ivan Me`tr)vić +as s-99)se'l: t8e )nl: Y-.)slav artist!r)*le+si +as -ite /amiliar +it8 an' 8e ma'e a /e+ set08es )/
2$ Sto;an .ati] is a Slovenian sculptor born in
1)2& !e was in the 0artisan movement durin# the German occupation of /u#oslavia
and in 1)&1 he #raduated from the :;ubl;ana ine Arts Academ" !is fi#urative st"lewas influenced b" .oris 9alin as well as b" <ssip 8adkin with whom he temporaril"
worked in 0aris in the earl" 1)&*s !e completed $5 public monuments, mostl" in
Slovenia
2% .oris 9alin (1)*&+1)5&- was a Slovenian
sculptor who studied in 8a#reb before the war and was influenced b" his professors
3van Me`trovi] and ran;o 9r ̀ inić After the war he became one of the most
influential professors at the :;ubl;ana Art Academ" !e was a specialist in carvin#
stone
2& 'iko =eben;ak (1)*+1)5- was a Slovenian
painter and a #raphic artist who became one of the best+known representatives of the
so+called :;ubl;ana school of #raphic art
24 Bar*ara Maje+sa, ;)s(-i+ananieAn'(eja !<
7/23/2019 Branko Dimitrijevic - Folklore, Modernity and Death
8is s0-l9t-res t8at 8e sa+ W&r$ci'(ion in t8e )/ "t< Mar#s 08-r08 inZa.re*, )other and the child, et0<X< In Za.re* t8e: 8a' als) ameetin. +it8 t8e s0-l9t)r Ivan K)\arić3= an' t8e 9ainter Iv) D-l]ić3,an' t8e ne?t 'a: +it8 )ne )/ t8e m)st in@-ential Gr)atian artistsKrst) He.e'-`ić35, as +ell as +it8 t8e 9ainter Ot)n &li8a12< Travellin.
)n a ni.8t train 8e +as *a0 in Bel.ra'e )n t8e 5t8 in t8e m)rnin.<F)r t8at 'a: t8e )nl: 'iar: entr: re/ers t) 8is visit t) t8e Nati)nalM-se-m W+8ere 8e ma'e a 0)-9le )/ set08esX, an' /)r t8e ne?t 'a:)nl: t) t8e Et8n).ra98i0 m-se-m, ar.-a*l: t8e m)st ins9irin. 'a:/)r 8is )+n artisti0 9ra0ti0e, t) +8i08 +e +ill .et *a0 later in t8ete?t<
In Bel.ra'e 8e als) met La(ar $-jalija14, t8e 9ainter +8)se +)rrelatin. t) l)0al /)ll)ri0 tra'iti)ns mi.8t 8ave 'ire0tl: in@-en0e'!r)*le+si, an' +8)m 8e 'es0ri*e' )n a *a0 )/ a 98)t) as t8e
m)st t:9i0al Y-.)slav artist an' later in t8e te?t 8e +r)te /)r*r+egl,d -rt.st.c+n. Wan' t) +8i08 +e s8all als) ret-rn laterX, as t8eman +8) 0)m*ines t8e 9r)9ensit: /)r -niversal 98il)s)98isin. +it8
25 3van 9o\arić (b 1)21- is ar#uabl" the most
acclaimed roatian modern sculptor 3n the 1)4*s he was also a member of the neo+
avant#arde #roup Gor#ona in 8a#reb 3n recent "ears he received an international
acclaim and his entire studio was presented as part of the %ocumenta !! in 9assel,
2**2
2 3vo =ul]ić (1)14+1)5&- was a roatian painter
known for his colorism and as one of the rare artist workin# on reli#ious topics durin#
the socialist times
2) 9rsto !e#edu`ić (1)*1+1)5&- was one of the
most influential roatian artists of the 2*th centur" 3n 1)2) he co+founded the #roup
8eml;a (Soil- which focused on social topics and rural life 3n 1)&o he became professor at 8a#reb Art Academ" and was on the the few artists in /u#oaslavia who
received the official title of the Master of art :ater he established his master
class where man" "oun#er artists practiced !e is known for his fi#urative paintin#
and for c"cles of frescoes includin# the one at the memorial house dedicated to the
famous battle of Sut;eska in !er>e#ovina
$* <ton Gliha (1)1%+1)))- was a roatian painter
who is best known for his abstract paintin#s relatin# to mountainous rock"
landscapes
7/23/2019 Branko Dimitrijevic - Folklore, Modernity and Death
vie+s )/ t8e s-nset< !r)*le+si#s set08es /r)m Ma0e')nia s8)+ 8isinterest in /)l 0)st-mes Wes9e0iall: Al*anian 0a9sX an' in t:9)l).:)/ 08ara0ters, in0l-'in. a 9la:/-l 'ra+in. )/ a street s8)eC9)lis8er<
On M)n'a:, N)vem*er 45, t8e: ret-rne' t) Bel.ra'e< T8e )nl:
entr: /)r t8at an' t8e ne?t 'a: re/ers t) t8e meetin. +it8 s)memem*ers )/ t8e De0em*er .r)-9- an' t8e 9ainter Z)ra ;etr)vić17 9r)*a*l: at t8e .at8erin. )r.ani(e' *: t8e ;)lis8 Em*ass:< !8i08mem*ers )/ t8e De0em*er .r)-9 8e met is n)t 0lear Was 8e alrea':met L-)vić an' $-jalija +8) *)t8 *el)n.e' t) t8e .r)-9X *-t 8e'e>nitel: 'i' n)t meet Mi)'ra. ;r)tić – t8e m)st in@-ential >.-re int8e .r)-9 an' later /)-n'er )/ t8e M-se-m )/ G)ntem9)rar: Art inBel.ra'e – +8) +as in ;aris at t8at time<1= A00)r'in. t)!r)*le+si#s n)te*)), Maje+sa an' 8im 'e9arte' *: 9lane /r)mBel.ra'e alrea': )n N)vem*er 34 Walt8)-.8 N)vem*er 31 is -s-all:
menti)ne' as t8e last 'a: )/ t8is tri9X< A00)r'in. t) t8e n)te*)),)n t8e 33n' !r)*le+si +as alrea': in ;)lan', meetin. R:s(ar'"tanisla+si in !arsa+, as +ell as 8is /rien's – An'r(ej !aj'a an'Mie0(:sla+ ;)rVe*si t) s8are +it8 t8em in/)rmati)n a*)-t t8is tri9<
From hot springs of Middle Ages to a frail Yugoslav cultural
identity
As it is alrea': menti)ne', as an )-t0)me )/ t8e initiative t)e?08an.e e?8i*iti)ns, t8e s8)+ )/ m)'ern ;)lis8 art )9ene' inBel.ra'e )n Mar08 33 4567, an' later als) in Lj-*ljana, Za.re* an'
$4 8ora 0etrović (1)%+1)42- was the leadin#
Serbian woman painter who became particularl" renowned for her last works6 lar#e
expressionist fl"in# nudes in which she explored anxieties of female sexualit",
related to her own clandestine homosexualit"
$5 Mi)'ra. B< ;r)tić W*< 4533X is t8e m)st
9r)minent >.-re )/ "er*ian m)'ernist art in t8e 4562s an' 4572s<He +as t8e /)-n'er )/ t8e M)'ern &aller: in Bel.ra'e in 4565, an'initiate' t8e 9r)je0t )/ t8e ne+ *-il'in. /)r t8e M-se-m )/G)ntem9)rar: Art +8i08 )9ene' in 4576< He +as 'ire0t)r )/ t8eM-se-m -ntil 454< He +as ver: a0tive as an art t8e)rist an' 0riti0'e/en'in. m)'ernist 9rin0i9les in art, an' 8is 9aintin. .ra'-all:m)ve' /r)m 9)stC0-*ist >.-rati)n )/ t8e 4562s t) .e)metri0ala*stra0ti)n /r)m t8e 4572s< He +r)te e?tensive mem)irs< H)+ever,in 8is mem)irs !r)*le+si is never menti)ne'< -'.in. /r)m t8em;r)tić +as visitin. ;aris at t8at time, +8i08 0ame t) *e -ite a/re-ent 0ase /)r esta*lis8e' artists at t8e time in Y-.)slavia< "eeMi)'ra. B< ;r)tić, Nojeva *arka - , Be).ra' "KZ, 3222<
7/23/2019 Branko Dimitrijevic - Folklore, Modernity and Death
e?9ressi)nism< ;r)tić later 8i.8li.8te' a rati)nal an' 'is0i9line'a99r)a08 )/ t8e .r)-9 in )99)siti)n t) int-itive, s9)ntane)-s,e?9ressive, as +ell as intimisti0 ernel )/ t8e l)0al 9reC+artra'iti)n<2
!8at is at stae in )-r in-ir: in t8e An'r(ej !r)*le+si#s visit is
t8at 8is )+n interest state' -9)n t8e arrival t) Bel.ra'e WI am9ers)nall: intereste' in t8e relati)ns8i9 *et+een m)'ern 9aintersan' /)ll)reX +as mat08e' *: t8e alrea': str-0t-re' 0-lt-ral 9)li0:in Y-.)slavia t8at +as 9r)m)tin. t8is relati)ns8i9< Als), La(ar$-jalija, t8e artists +it8 +8)m 8e s9ent s)me 0)nsi'era*le time,9resente' )ne )/ t8e 0learest e?am9les )/ t8is tren'< $-jalija +as a8)m) n)v-s in t8e artisti0 0ir0les )/ t8e 4562s, a sel/Cta-.8t9ainter +8) +as /)rmerl: a sim9le 9rintC+)rer< His 'e0)rative st:leW+8i08 *r)-.8t 8im later a 0)nsi'era*le maret /)r 8is 9aintin.s an'ta9estriesX 0)m*ine' 9)stC0-*ism an' /)ll)re, an' 9rimaril:
%4 Miroslav 9rle@a, 8lato i srebro 8adraB, +seji, 0rosveta, .eo#rad, 1)&
%5 <to .ihal;i Merin (1)*%+1))$- was a 7ewish art historian and writer who
lived in German" in the 1)2*s (when he was, to#ether with Geor# :ukacs, one of the
editors of 5inkskurve- and then also briefl" in the 1)$*s where he was the member of
ommunist 0art" and then emi#rated to /u#oslavia After the war he published a
series of illustrated books on visual culture, was the editor+in+chief of the ma#a>ine Jugoslavija and he was dedicated to promotion of local na d ve art
% 7ovan 9ratohvil (1)2%+1))- was a Serbian sculptor !e was 0rofessor at
.el#rade Art Academ", but also a successful sportsmen as a swimmin# champion of
/u#oslavia
%) Re9r)'-0e' in Jugoslavija, n)< 46, 456<
7/23/2019 Branko Dimitrijevic - Folklore, Modernity and Death
B)snian 08-r08 8a' n) territ)rial )r.ani(ati)n an' it 'ealt 9rimaril:+it8 atten'in. rit-als )/ *-rials< T8e 08-r08es +ere m)stl: +))'en8-ts s) )nl: a n-m*er )/ ne0r)9)lises Wm)stl: in B)snia, *-t s)mein "er*ia an' M)ntene.r)X +it8 0arve' sla*s )/ st)ne testi/: t)e?isten0e )/ t8ese rit-als< T8e +)r' steak W %l< steć0iX itsel/ is a0)ntra0te' /)rm )/ t8e )l'er +)r' sto4eak , +8i08 is 'erive' /r)mt8e ver* sta4ati Wt) stan'X< It literall: means gt8e stan'in. t8in.g an'it re.-larl: re9resents >.-res in -9ri.8t 9)siti)ns< T8e m)sta99re0iate' /eat-res )/ t8eirs are 'e0)rative m)ti/s Ws9irals,r)settes, vine leaves, s-ns an' 0res0ent m))ns, et0<X an' >.-ralm)ti/s in0l-'in. m)st /am)-sl:, t8e ima.e )/ t8e man +it8 8is ri.8t
&& 0redra# 0ed;a Milosavl;ević (1)*+1)5- was a Serbian painter and a writer!e was also a diplomat and member of various cultural committees in socialist
/u#oslavia
&4 G-lt-ral 9)li0: t8at 9r)m)te' interest in t8ese t)m*st)nesinitiate' si.ni>0ant s08)larl: resear08 res-ltin. in a n-m*er )/st-'ies /r)m t8e 72s an' t8e =2s< T8e lea'in. a-t8)rities +ereMari)n !en(el W %ecorative motifs on tom*stones from &edieval /osnia and
surrounding regions, $eselin Masle`a, "arajev), 4576X an' he>Be`la.ić Wte ci – 7ultura i umjetnost , $eselin Masle`a, 453X<
7/23/2019 Branko Dimitrijevic - Folklore, Modernity and Death
8an' raise' /r)m a n-m*er )/ t)m*st)nes in t8e *i..est me'ievalne0r)9)lis in Her(e.)vina, in Ra'imlja< T8is m)ti/ +as literall:re9eate' in a 9aintin. *: La(ar $-jalija W&om%osition – Steak ,4561X t8at !r)*le+si m-st 8ave seen as 8e menti)ne' a 9aintin.)/ a man 0)nsistin. )/ a 8ea' an' )-tstret08e' arms +it8 im9l)rin.
8an's in t8e 9ara.ra98 )n $-jalija in 8is Y-.)slavian n)tes<6=
I0)n).ra98: )/ t8e steci an' s-*se-ent 9easant t)m*st)nesmi.8t *e /elt an' -n'erst))' as a /)rm )/ n)nCver*al0)mm-ni0ati)n *et+een t8e m)rtal e?isten0e )/ t8e 'e0ease' an't8e 0)mm-nit: )/ t8e livin. 0)n>rmin. t8e s-00ess/-l )-t0)me )//-nerar: rit-als< A t)m*st)ne is a re9la0ement /)r t8e livin. *)': )/t8e 'e0ease', its es08at)l).i0al ')99el.an.er, testi/:in. a*)-tt8e '-al nat-re )/ t8e 8-man s)-l 9assin. /r)m its *)'il: realit: int)t8e +)rl' )/ its 'ivine eternit:<6 "im9li>e' vis-al lan.-a.e )/ t8ese
t)m*st)nes is *ase' )n 'e0)rative st:lisati)n )/ >.-res, /a0es an'nat-ral )rnaments< T8eir @atness an' %resentness are /)rmal/eat-res re0).ni(e' /)r t8eir sim%licit. an' intensit. Wan' +it8 t8esame +)r's !r)*le+si 'es0ri*e' $-jalija#s +)rX an' em9l):e'/)r an interventi)n in t8e esta*lis8e' artC8ist)ri0al narratives< It 8as*een 0)mm)nl: ar.-e' t8at t8e B:(antine i0)ni0it: a99eale' t)s)me a*stra0t 9ainters as an alternative t) t8e narrativit: )/+estern 9i0t)rial tra'iti)n65< H)+ever, in t8e 0ase +e are 'ealin.+it8 8ere, it +as n)t )nl: t8e /)rmal a99eal t8at +as at stae, it +asals) an iss-e )/ re%resentation< As i0)ni0it: mi.8t *e a m)'el /)r
a*stra0ti)n t8at ')es n)t 'e>ne its i'entit: *: a99eal t) a 8ist)ri0alnarrative72, t8e st:li(e' realism )/ t8e t)m*st)nes >.-res a0te'as a re9resentati)nal m)'el +8i08 is n)t )nl: at t8e mar.ins )/ t8e
/)rmalist means )/ e?9ressi)n<74 It ma: *e ar.-e' t8at in t8et)m*st)nes 8e en0)-ntere', !r)*le+si /)-n' a 9araC8ist)ri0al9re0e'ent /)r 8is a99r)a08, as t8ere is n) /)rmal )r aest8eti00)8eren0e t8at 0an *e tra0e' )r re9eate' 8ere, *-t a 0-ri)-s sense)/ /)rmalit: in e?9ressin. 0ertain 0)ntent<
T8ere are n) ')-*ts t8at t8e 0)ntent 8ere is n)t8in. else t8endeath< T8is is an -ltimatel: an' intimatel: s8are' 0)ntent, as *)t8-niversal an' s-*je0tive, an' it /)rmall: +)rs in a00)r'an0e t) astatement !r)*le+si ma'e alrea': in 45 in +8i08 8e 'e0lares
8is .)al t) a08ieve an -nam*i.-)-s m)'e )/ 9aintin., meanin.t8at t8e 0)ntent )/ t8e e?9erien0e is in a00)r'an0e +it8 +8at Ie?9e0t, an' is t8e same /)r ea08 vie+er<73 !r)*le+si#s 'eat8'rive 0an *e 'ire0tl: s-mme' -9 in a senten0e /r)m a letter t) 8is+i/e /r)m 4561 +8en 8e asserte' I 0)nstantl: 0arr: 'eat8 +it8me<71 T8e artist s-ere' /r)m t8e e9ile9s: an' t8e a+areness )/t8e 0l)seness )/ 'eat8 '-rin. t8e sei(-res +8en 8e +as l)sin.0)ntr)l )ver 8is *)':, *e0ame an )mni9resent 9art )/ 8is li/e an'm)st 9r)*a*l: t8e literal 0a-se )/ 8is 'eat8 '-rin. t8e 8ie in t8e Tatra m)-ntains in Mar08 456=< T8is illness, *-t als) )t8er
'iU0-lties in attainin. /-n0ti)nal relati)ns, a00)m9anie' a 0)m9le?
4* As =avid arrier points out, Mashecks #oal is neither to assert that the abstract artists of our time
are influenced b" the .">antines nor to impl" that abstract art is inevitabl" spiritualH rather, he seeks amodel for abstraction that does not define its identit" b" appeal to a historical narrative = arrier,
Artwriting , Iniversit" of Massachusetts 0ress, Amherst, 1)5, p )
41 Andr>e; Wroblewski, JKew 'ealismL, in Andrzej ro*lewski – To the &arginsand /ack , p 4)
an' a99arentl: -ite severe m))' )/ melan08)l:< His letters revealstan'ar' s:m9t)ms )/ 'e9ressi)n an' 8is +)r in t8e last t+) :ears)/ 8is li/e )er m)tives in +8i08 t8is melan08)li0 0)ntent ise?9resse'< T8e m)st striin. series )/ +)rs /r)m 4567 an' 456=are 8is en08aire' >.-res +8i08 -nam*i.-)-sl: in'i0ate a
'e9ressive entra99in. )/ t8e s-*je0t, im9)ssi*ilit: t) m)ve, t) .et-9 – a s-*je0t la0in. a +ill an' 'eeme' t) +ait< A re/eren0e 0)-l'*e /)-n' in 8is 9revi)-s realisti0 re9resentati)ns )/ +aitin. r))msan' -e-es, *-t als) in 8is *est n)+n e?e0-ti)n series +8ere t8es-s9ensi)n )/ time in t8e 9r)0ess )/ +aitin. is 'ire0tl: 0)nne0te' t)'eat8<
It seems t8at t8e t)m*st)nes 8e sa+ in Bel.ra'e 9r)vi'e'!r)*le+si +it8 a m)'el )/ t8is tem9)ral s-s9ensi)n, an' a m)'elt) *e /)-n' )n t8e mar.ins )/ 0-lt-ral narratives an' artisti0 val-es<
!r)*le+si i'enti>e' +it8 t8is )-tsi'ers# 0reativit: in a ver: 'ire0t+a:, $nam/ig$o$sl. < He sense' a relati)ns8i9 *et+een t8e-niversall: s8are' e?9erien0e an' s)me /ra.ile mar.inalit: )r'istressin. 9arti0-larit:< He /)-n' an air )/ eerie )9timism in 8)+t8e 'ea' +ere re9resente' )n t8ese st)nes >.-res 9)ssess anin/antile -alit: )/ v)i'in. t8em )/ an: sentimentalit: in t8e9resen0e )/ 'eat8< Deat8 is 9resente' as a motionless %resence an't8is 9resen0e remains a 9art )/ )-r +)rl'< As )99)se' t) /-nerar:mass +8ere e:es )/ t8e 'e0ease' are eit8er s8-t )r 8)ll)+e', 8eret8e >.-res .a(e -9)n -s +it8 e:es +i'e )9en< In an em*lemati0
+)r t8at !r)*le+si ma'e a/ter 8is Y-.)slavian tri9 Wa .)-a08etitle' 5$neralX, t8e artist is 9)rtra:e' as la:in. in t8e 0)Un +it8e:es +i'e )9en – t8e e:es *ein. t8e last relati)n )/ t8e 0)r9se +it8t8e livin. *)':, as it is in t8e m)st )/ t8e 9easants# t)m*st)nes 8esa+<7 As )anna K)r'jaC;i)tr)+sa 8as inter9rete' it, t8is ir)ni0')-*leCsi'e' reli.i)-s ima.e /alls +ell +it8in a series )/re9resentati)ns in +8i08 t8e artist 'e9i0ts 8imsel/ as a 'ea' man )r)ne )/ t8e livin. 'ea'#<76
4% T8is +)r s8)-l' *e 9rimaril: inter9rete' in relati)n t) 8is9ers)nal 'ilemma 8)+ t) 9-rs-e 8is 9)liti0al stan0e in t8e 0)nte?t)/ t8e thaw< T8e >.-re +it8 )9en e:es in t8e 0)Un 8)l's a star an' asi0le in 8is 8an's an' t8is +)r 1:uneral4 W0)lle0ti)n )/ Nati)nalM-se-m in Kra+X 8as t) *e rea' in a 'ire0t anal).: +it8 t8e te?tG)n/essi)ns )/ a 'is0re'ite' /)rmer 0)mm-nist#< In -*id , 99< 52C5<
5 F)r a 'etaile' resear08 )n0)m9le? artisti0C9)liti0al 'e*ates )n t8e Gr)atian s0ene )/ t8e4562s, see an )-tstan'in. st-': *: Ljiljana K)le`ni -zme= u istoka i
zapada – Hrvatska umjetnost i likovna kritika pedesetih godina, Instit-t (a9)vijest -mjetn)sti, Za.re*, 3227<