English Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 2 The Speech Chain 2. Phases of the Speech Chain and branches of phonetics KAMIYAMA, Takeki [email protected] 24/2/2015 Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 2 Branches of phonetics From Denes and Pinson The Speech Chain Speaker Encoding Articulatory phonetics studies how speech sounds are produced by the organs of speech. 1. Traditional approach: observation, reproduction and introspection. 2. Instrumental and experimental approach: use of instruments such as camera, video, endoscope, electrodes, sensors of air pressure, brain imaging, etc. 24/2/2015 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 3 Instruments for articulatory investigation (Laboratory of phonetics and phonology, Paris) 24/2/2015 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 4 Ultrasound imaging (ecography) Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh http://www.qmu.ac.uk/casl/ultra/subjectinfo_ESRC_2007_2008.htm
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English Phonetics and Phonology
Lecture 2 The Speech Chain2. Phases of the Speech Chain and
branches of phonetics
KAMIYAMA, [email protected]
24/2/2015 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 2
Branches of phonetics
From Denes and Pinson The Speech Chain
Speaker
Encoding
Articulatory phonetics studies howspeech sounds are produced by theorgans of speech.
1. Traditional approach: observation,reproduction and introspection.
2. Instrumental and experimentalapproach: use of instruments such ascamera, video, endoscope,electrodes, sensors of air pressure,brain imaging, etc.
24/2/2015 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 3
Instruments for articulatoryinvestigation (Laboratory of
phonetics and phonology, Paris) 24/2/2015 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 4
Ultrasound imaging (ecography)
Queen Margaret University, Edinburghhttp://www.qmu.ac.uk/casl/ultra/subjectinfo_ESRC_2007_2008.htm
24/2/2015 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 5
What is PGG?Sawashima & Hirose (1981), In Vocal Fold Physiology
photodiode
k e: k e:
Transilluminationtechnique
PGG signal
24/2/2015 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 6
New development?: ePGGHonda & Maeda
External lighting and sensing PGG (ePGG)The ePGG sensor detects transillumination froma high-power LED placed on the neck skin.
Non-invasive method
24/2/2015 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 7
Very experimentalePGG + Airflow + Pio setup
24/2/2015 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 8
Branches of phonetics
From Denes and Pinson The Speech Chain
(acoustic)signal
Acoustic phoneticsstudies the acoustic,physic characteristicsof speech sounds, byusing instrumentssuch as oscillographor spectrograph.
24/2/2015 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 9
Sound spectrogram(or sonagram, sonogram)
24/2/2015 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 10
Branches of phonetics
From Denes and Pinson The Speech Chain
Listener
Decoding
Auditory phonetics studies howlisteners decode and understandspeech sounds.
1. Psycholinguistic approach:analysis of the behaviour (task ofchoice, judgement, etc.) in responseto speech sounds, or synthesisedsounds.
2. Neuroscience approach: directobservation of the brain by brainimages obtained by MRI, EEG, etc.
24/2/2015 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology 2014-2015 Lecture 2 11
Perception test
• Identification test• Discrimination test End of Lecture 2
Lecture 3: Organs of speech
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