Brake-wear PM Research for California Emission Inventory CARB: Sonya Collier, Seungju Yoon, Jeff Long, Sam Pournazeri, Jorn Herner ERG: Alan Stanard, John Koupal, Sandeep Kishan and the rest of the ERG team LINK: Carlos Agudelo, Ravi Vedula and the rest of the LINK team CalTrans: Simon Bisrat, Yoojoong Choi, Mauricio Serrano U.S. EPA 1
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Brake-wear PM Research for California Emission Inventory
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Brake-wear PM Research for
California Emission InventoryCARB: Sonya Collier, Seungju Yoon, Jeff Long, Sam Pournazeri, Jorn Herner
ERG: Alan Stanard, John Koupal, Sandeep Kishan and the rest of the ERG team
LINK: Carlos Agudelo, Ravi Vedula and the rest of the LINK team
CalTrans: Simon Bisrat, Yoojoong Choi, Mauricio Serrano
U.S. EPA1
CARB Goals
• Protect the public
from the harmful
effects of air pollution
• Regulatory measures
• Enforcement
• Setting standards
• Monitoring
• State
Implementation Plan
(SIP)0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1960 1980 2000 2020
South CoastSan Joaquin ValleySacramento ValleySan Francisco BaySan Diego
An
nu
al A
ve
rag
e P
M2.5
(m
g/m
3)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1960 1980 2000 2020
Nu
mb
er o
f truc
ks in
CA
(millio
ns)
2
1960s Bans on waste burning, incinerators
1980s Controls on boilers, turbines and kilns
LEV
ILEV
II
LEV
III
1993 Cleaner Diesel Fuel
2001 Truck engine emissions standards
2011 Truck and Bus Regulation
PM Regulatory Measures
CARB Goals
• Reduce exposure in
communities most
impacted by air
pollution
• Reduce air quality
disparity between
communities
3
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
1990 2000 2010
Die
sel P
M (
µg
/m3)
Year
Average of all EJ monitors*
Average of all non-EJ monitors
Estimated Diesel PM from EJ and
non-EJ monitoring sites
* EJ monitors are located in areas disproportionally impacted by environmental factors and have lower socioeconomic status
4
Sources of PM2.5 in South Coast Air Basin (2012)
PM2.5
5
EMFAC 2017
Mobile Source Inventory
Sources of PM2.5 in South Coast Air Basin (2012)
PM2.5
Inventory Basics: Brake Wear
# of braking
events per mile
PM emitted per braking event
from laboratory measurements
Miles driven per day
Emissions
in Tons/Day
Vehicle Population
VMT
6
# of brakes per vehicle
Unified Cycle
40
20
0
MP
H
8004000Seconds
Heavy Duty Urban Dynamometer Driving
Cycle
Cycle Averaged PM EF
X Airborne Factor
Source Data
• EMFAC 2007 and earlier: 1983 data
• EMFAC 2011 and later: 2000/2003 data
• NOTE! data source studies not designed specifically
to meet EMFAC needs (cycle based)
7
Reference Garg, et al. 2000 Sanders, et al. 2002 &
• Sanders, P. G., et al. (2002). Brake Dynamometer Measurement of Airborne Brake Wear Debris, SAE International.
• Sanders, P. G., et al. (2003). "Airborne brake wear debris: size distributions, composition, and a comparison of dynamometer and vehicle tests." Environmental science & technology 37(18): 4060-4069.
• Schauer, J. J., et al. (2006). "Characterization of metals emitted from motor vehicles." Research report (Health Effects Institute)(133): 1-76; discussion 77-88.