Brainstorming Workshop on Sustainable Food Security through Technological Interventions for Production, Processing and Logistics 5 th October, 2013 Gargi.

Brainstorming Workshop on

Sustainable Food Security through Technological Interventions for

Production, Processing and Logistics

5th October, 2013

Gargi Hall, IIT Kharagpur

Sustainable Food Security through Technological Interventions for

Production, Processing and Logistics

A Draft Proposal

By

Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Experts and Participants AffiliationDr. S.S. Magar Dr. B. S. Konkan Agricultural University, Pune

Dr. P. Chandra Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal

Prof. N. Vishwanadham Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore

Dr. B. Dinesh Kumar Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad

Dr. S. Bhattacharya Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalay, Mohanpur

Prof. D. Basu Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalay, Mohanpur

Prof. G. K. Adil Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay

Prof. C. Rajendran Indian Institute of Technology, Madras

Prof. R. Shankar Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi

Dr. P. Mishra Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack

Prof. S. Dutta Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi

Prof. U. B. Desai Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad

Ms. J. Umadikar Indian Institute of Technology, Madras

Dr. S. D. Kore Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati

Dr. A. Barve Indian Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar

Food Production and Distribution in India – Current Scenario

References

1) Challenges of food security and its Management, 2011, National Rainfed Area Authoroty, Planning Commission, Government of India.

2) Gahukar, R.T., Food Security in India: The Challenge of Food Production and Distribution, Journal of Agricultural & Food Information, 2011, Vol.-12, pp. 270-286.

3) Gulati, A., Gujral, J., .Nandakumar, T., National Food Security Bill Challenges and Options (http://cacp.dacnet.nic.in/NFSB.pdf).

4) Viswanadham, N., Improving India’s Food Supply Chain, Supply Chain management and Logistics 2.0, 2008, Vol.- 4(2), pp 29-32

5) http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2012/sustainable-approaches-to-reducing-food-waste-in-india.html

6) http://www.indianexpress.com/news/-india-will-have-to-double-food-production-by-2040-/1039151

Food production in India......Current Scenario

• Projected increase in food productivity - 50% by 2020, 100% by 2040

• 25-35% Losses in handling, transportation and storage

• Only 6% of logistics is linked with ICT

• High leakage through PDS

• FCI requires 52-74 MT* storage against 30 MT of current capacity

• Cold storage requires 31 MT against 21.7 MT of current capacity

* MT – Million Tonnes

Food Production and Distribution in India – Major Challenges

• Colossal wastage

• Low yield

• Variable food grain quality

• Inadequate infrastructure for cold chain, storage, handling, and

transportation

• Poor database management

• Lack of control over quantity and quality to end customer –Not dense

monitoring

• Lack of traceability

In order to overcome these tremendous challenges in food production and distribution system in India, a Comprehensive and Multi-disciplinary research and innovative work is required.

Food Production and Distribution in India – Required Approach

Robust food supply chain- Responsive and coherent supply chain- Extensive usage of ICT for monitoring and tracking

Biotechnological solutions- High yield seed variety

- Nutritional enrichment

- GM and non-GM crops

Harvesting and storage

- Cold chain- Waste reduction- Maintaining food quality

Productivity improvement

- Mechanization for high yield- Water and nutrient management- Climate change risk mitigation4 Pronged

approach

Food Production and Distribution in India – Required Approach

Framework for implementing

Food Security Act

Robust Food Supply Chain•Procurement and Packaging•Transportation and Distribution•Warehousing and cold chain•ICT

Biotechnological Solution•Functional Genomics•Metabolomics•Low Cost Nutraceuticals•Diagnostics

Food Production•Mechanization•Water and Nutrients•Climate change

Post-harvesting and Storage•Processing and Storage•Quality assessment

Food Production and Distribution in India – Framework for NFSA

Departments involved Thematic research areas

Key research issues No. of programs

Industrial Engineering and Management(Other participating departments: Mechanical, Civil, and computer Sci. & Engg.)

Strategic and operational support

-Demand and requirement analysis, - Procurement, packaging, storage, transportation and distribution policies- Information and communication technology (ICT) for waste control - Multi-model hierarchical strategic modeling

5

Agricultural and food engineering

Food grain production

- Mechanization in food production- Water and nutrient management - Climate change adaptations and mitigations

3

Post-harvest processing and storage

- Grain processing and storage- Stored food grain quality

2

Department of Biotechnology Biotechnological solutions to sustain NFSA

- Functional genomics - Metabolomics- Low cost nutraceuticals development-Diagnostics

4

Overview of the Proposal

• Collaborative research would be pursued with other IITs. • A pilot project will also be undertaken by adopting villages near IIT Kharagpur to disseminate best practices in terms of key findings, technologies, innovation, and methodology.

Operational Stages Related to Food Supply Chain

Waste handling

Procurement

Storage

Transportation

Distribution

Waste handling

Specific Objectives

Reliable demand prediction

Optimal packaging strategy

Key Deliverables

Development of reliable demand forecasting methodology

Identification of optimal procurement strategy

Classification methodology of varied packaging

Procurement

Specific Objectives

Adequate modernized storage facilities

Optimal transportation network

Key Deliverables

Identification of optimal network for central/state depots and cold storage

Optimal Transportation network (Rail/road etc.) design

Improving existing PDS system

Transportation and Storage

Specific Objectives

Optimal replenishment policies

Inventory reduction

Key Deliverables

Analytical tools for identifying inventory requirements

Coordinated replacement policy

Eliminating overstocking/ understocking

Distribution

Specific Objectives

Use of ICT for traceability and waste reduction

Key Deliverables

Bar-coding or smart tagging system

ICT enabled advanced inventory management

Centralized integrated online software system

Waste handling

WP 1: Strategic and operational support to implement NFSA

Leading Department: Industrial Engineering & Management

Program 1: Demand, Procurement and Packaging requirements

Program 2: Storage and Transportation requirements

Program 3: Stock management & replenishment policy

Program 4: Information and communication technology (ICT) and

waste control in Logistics

Program 5: Multi-model hierarchical strategic modeling

Lead Department:Agricultural and Food Engineering DepartmentIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur

Sustainable Food Security through Technological Interventions for

Production, Processing and Logistics

Thematic Research Areas:

Food Grain Production

Post-harvest Processing and Storage

Food Grain Production & Post-harvest Processing and Storage

Village Adoption

Research &

Innovation

Mechanization: Land preparation Sowing/planting

Fertilizer and pesticide application Harvesting

Water management: Irrigation system

Ground water recharge Water conservation

Village adoption: Food Grain Production

Nutrient management: Need-based nutrient

Integrated nutrient management

Climate change adaptation: Crops and cultivars Production practices

Weather-based advisory service

Grain processing & Storage: Primary processing of grains

Modernized grain storage systemEfficient management

Stored food grain quality: Quality control system

Quality assessment methodologies

Village adoption: Post-harvest Processing and Storage

Work Package: Precision agriculture and sustainable technologies for enhancing food grain

production

Mechanization in Food Grain Production

Research & Innovations in Food Grain Production

Water and Nutrient

Management

Climate Change Adaptations/Miti

gations

Objectives: Development of sensor-based technology for seed

metering and fertilizer applicationDevelopment of harvesting machine and pest

management tools

Skill building of farmers with regard

to machine use

Programme 1: Mechanization in Food Grain Production

Machine suitable in farmers field of different land holding sizes

Precision nutrient and pest

management

Objectives: Development of technologies for enhanced

water use efficiencyReal-time irrigation and nutrient

management technologiesApplication of nano-materials fertilizer for

production improvement

Technologies for increasing WUE

Programme 2: Water and Nutrient Management

ICT-based real time irrigation and

nutrient management

Nano-materaial based fertilizer

application packages

Objectives: Analysis and understanding of climate change impacts on soil

health, water demand and food grain productionIdentification of climate-resilient cultivars of cereal cropsDevelopment of agro-adaptations/mitigations

Cultivars for rising temperature environment

Programme 3: Climate Change Adaptations and Mitigations

Agro-adaptations on water and nutrient

management

Production system adaptations

Basic information on production

Research & Innovation

Target Production

Work Package: Processing and storage technologies to

minimize post-harvest loss of food grains

Grain Processing & Storage

Research & Innovations in Post-harvest Processing & Storage

Stored Food Grain Quality

Assessment

Objectives: To develop processing and storage technologyTo minimize storage losses by technology up-

gradationSetting up of tertiary processing centres for RTE

meals for processing and packaging

Upgraded on-farm processing technology

Programme 1: Grain Processing and Storage

Efficient storage structure from farm

to national level

RTE practices

Objectives: Development of food grain quality control systems

and methodologiesRapid methods for quality & safety assessment of

stored grainsEfficient handling system for online tracking with

modern techniques and methods

Capacity building of farmers,

entrepreneurs and stake holders

Programme 2: Stored Food Grain Quality Assessment

Rapid grain quality assessment

methods

Efficient handling system

Programme 2: Stored Food Grain Quality AssessmentCollaborating Partners

Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR, Bhopal

Dr. B.S. Konkan Agricultural University, PuneCentral Rice Research Institute, ICAR, CuttackBidhan Chandra Krishi Visvavidyalaya, Kalyani, West BengalIndian Agricultural Research Institute, New DelhiOrissa University of Agriculture & Technology,

Bhunabeswar, OdishaIndian Grain Storage Management and Research

Institute, Hapur, UP

Biotechnological solutions to sustain National Food Security Act 2013

Leading Department: Department of Biotechnology

Level Description

A Yield improvement of crops (mainly cereals)

B Nutritional quality improvement of plant products

C Storage & Transport of plant products

D Processed/packaged food with preservatives and supplements for safe and extended shelf-life of food products

What are the different levels of R & D that need to be addressed ?

‘Adequate quantity of quality food at affordable prices’ to the target people

Food for proper energy, better nutrition and appropriate healthcare

Goal:

Requirement : short-term (3-5 years) & long-term (6-10 years) programs

Biotechnology can play significant role in these programs at all 4 levels

Specific Biotechnological Programs Sl . No. Sub-Program (Project)

1 Functional Genomics of rice crop for improvement of grain yield and product quality

2 Metabolomics for developing biomarkers as a tool to evaluate the superior phenotypes of cereal cultivars

3 Food security by reduced dietary intake: Low cost nutraceuticals development from Rice, wheat and coarse grains

4 Developing sensitive diagnostic kit for detection of pathogens in stored food grains

Robust multidisciplinary projects involving different departments/centers of IIT-Kharagpur along with research collaborators from outside.

Functional Genomics of rice crop for improvement of grain yield and product quality

Expression profiling/ Microarray analysis

Allele mining from wild type/ cultivated

accessions

Transgenic technology to create ‘loss-of-function’ &

‘gain-of-function’ mutations

Rice genome sequence

information

Bioinformatics

Predicted genes* involved in grain yield & product quality

Identified/ characterized sets of candidate genes

Functional / genic molecular marker for selective breeding of

desired trait in progeny

Genetically modified plant with desired trait

in elite cultivarField trail etc. Release

of cultivars

*Gene involved in grain yield: Biotic & abiotic stress-tolerant, grain size & weight, semi-dwarfism, efficient nutrient uptake, male sterility for hybrid seed

*Gene involved in product quality: Nutrient-enrichment, toxin elimination

Metabolomics for developing biomarkers as a tool to evaluate the superior phenotypes of cereal cultivars

Rice wild type/ cultivated

accessions

Metabolomics

Identified sets of metabolites correlated to

desired traits*

Development of targeted diagnostic assays for metabolite assisted

breeding of desired trait in progeny

Field trail etc. Release of cultivars

Food security through reduced dietary intake: Low cost nutraceuticals development from rice, wheat and coarse grains

Coarse grains Wheat grainsRice grains

More prebiotic enriched semi-processed grains

Nutritional analysis, pilot testing in local hospitals, municipality and medical

college with involvement of nutrition experts, and packaging/shelf life testing

Per capita consumption can be reduced

Dietary carbohydrate based energy release may be improved

Gut microbiota will be better managed to save 40% wastage of carbohydrate

Metabolic engineering of grain crop carbohydrate will enable cost-effective and efficient healthcare

Biotechnological processing for

preferred carbohydrate

profile

Fortification with probiotics

& micronutrients

Developing sensitive diagnostic kit for detection of pathogens in stored food grains

Stored grains and food materials

Sensitive Diagnostic Kit*

Identification of pathogens and toxins

Segregation/ destruction of infected food materials

*Kit based upon: Biochemical, Polymerase chain reaction, serological tests coupled with sensitive image capturing device

Uninfected food materials are ready for

public distribution systems

National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad

Bidhan Chandra Krishi Visvavidyalaya

Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack

Seed or agri-business companies

Others….

Prospective Collaborating Partners

Thank you all