BrainGainer

BRAIN GAIN : Promoting Research and InnovationPresnted By :Jimmy ShahUshir ShahJay Vakotar

Darshil MakwanaNihar Brahmbhatt

What is Research and Innovation?

• Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.

• Innovation is the application of new solutions that meet new requirements, inarticulate needs, or existing market needs. This is accomplished through more effective products, processes, services, technologies, or ideas that are readily available to markets, governments and society.

Where India stands in Research and Innovation?

• India ranked in the middle of GII (Global Innovation Index) 2013 with a rank of 66 out of 141 countries. India’s rank remained virtually unchanged from 2011 to 2012. Apart from the GII itself, the GII methodology involves the computation of three other indices – an innovation output index, an innovation input index, and an innovation efficiency index. India was ranked 40, 96, and 2 respectively on these three measures in 2012.

• The innovation input index rests on five pillars: institutions, human capital and research, infrastructure, market sophistication, and business sophistication. The innovation output index consists of knowledge and technology outputs and creative outputs. The innovation efficiency index is based on the ratio of innovation output to innovation input.

• To get a clearer sense of where India stands, it is useful to compare India with China. China does much better on the GII with a 2012 rank of 34. It was ranked 19, 55 and 1 respectively on innovation output, input, and efficiency.

• Lack of support from the Government : Indians are individually creative and often come up with ingenious methods of solving the millions of problems they face. There are large numbers of grass-root innovations to prove this. But one of the major reason for not implementing those ideas is the lack of support from the government.

•“CHALEGA” behaviour of People and Government : Indians don't believe in perfection, they say chalega yaar instead of no its not perfect. Pulling behaviour and lacklustre behaviour of people towards the new innovations is also a cause.

• Red-Tapeism : A Corrupt and Chaotic governance spoils the route of innovation.

• Patent : A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a sovereign state to an inventor or their assignee for a limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention.

Why there is less Research and Innovation in India??

Some well-known correlations between R&D and performance are given a somewhat new interpretation in this paper. We present an alternative model of knowledge accumulation, with some interesting and desirable properties. Perhaps the most attractive property is that it provides a simple and less data intensive framework for empirical studies of the relationship between firm performance and R&D. This property allows me to address some new aspects of this relationship combining two rich, new sources of firm and plant-level data. Among the substantial empirical findings are (i) R&D has a positive and significant effect on performance, (ii) the estimates suggest that the appropriable part of knowledge capital depreciate at a rate of 0.2, (iii) there are visible spill over effects of R&D across LBs within a firm (economies of scope in R&D), and (iv) there are significant spillovers in R&D across firms that belong to the same interlocking group of firms.

Benefits of Research and Development

Government can:

• Drive innovation through education policy and skill development• Improve governance and re-engineer public service delivery by innovating within its own structures• Create a roadmap for Inclusive Innovation• Facilitate connections between universities, manufacturers, users and regulators• Drive high quality research, basic research & Business Innovations• Promote Innovative Policies & Places• Provide appropriate infrastructures• Facilitate exchange of innovations between public and private sectors• Initiate Nation wide innovation movement

Right to Information Right to Education NREGA

Mid Day Meal Sarva ShikshaAbhiyan

National Knowledge Commission

Aadhar/ UIDProposed Food Security Bill

Administrative Reforms Committee and more

Need improved processes, coordination, collaboration, communication &

implementation

Role of Government

• Government building IP Network with gigabit capabilities to connect 1500 plus nodes across the country for Education and Research to expand, excel & collaborate

• All universities will be included in this

• First phase of NKN is operational with 2.5 gigabits for

• 57 institutions, 43 virtual classrooms, 95 corers allocated

• In Final phase 550 institutions to be connected by March 2011

• NKN to consolidate multiple networks in the country

• NKN to provide new virtual network facilities

• NKN to be the backbone for the Education, health, Research and multiple applications for the future

National Knowledge Network

International Collaborations

Outreach

Multiple Roadmaps

Collaboration, Training & Support

20 University Innovation Centers

20 InnovationClusters

US $1 Billion Inclusive

Innovation Fund

Eco System

National Innovation Portal

State/ Sectoral Innovation

Councils

National Innovation Council

Action Plan

• Innovation is the result of a complex interplay of dynamics among various players such as

• Government

• Firms

• Schools/ Education and Research Institutions

• Finance

• Individual Innovators

• Customers/users

• NGOs / Civil Society/ Grassroots organizations

• Media

• Policies and activities in these domains, as well as the interaction among these players influence

the innovation eco-system

• NInC can act as a catalyst for stimulating the innovation eco-system by

• Empowering people to innovate

• Providing Policy Direction

• Identifying knowledge/ innovation flows and gaps

• Providing a collaborative platform for existing innovators

• Applying innovation to address social and development challenges

• Stimulating innovation at National/ State and Sectoral levels

Innovation Eco-system

• Establish an autonomous Rs. 5000 crore (US $1 Billion) Inclusive Innovation Fund

• To encourage commercialisation efforts for generating inclusive growth

• To be structured as a ‘Fund of Funds’ with seed capital from Government and built up by investment from private/public sector enterprises, banks, FIIs, HNIs and overseas investors

• Will primarily operate as a fund of funds, investing in intermediate funds / institutions which will make the end investment in the chosen areas and also invest directly in ventures

• To be based on a PPP model, structured to achieve a 10 to 20 fold multiplier on government investment

Inclusive Growth Fund

Banks, Corporates,

HNI’s, Overseas

Institutions

Govt4500 Cr

500 Cr

Fund 1

Venture “n”

Venture 1

Venture A

Fund

“n”

Fund “n”

Managers

Fund 1 Manag

ers

Rs.

20

Cr

Rs.

50

Cr

1 Cr 2 Cr

20 Cr 100 Cr

Inclusive Innovation Fund

• Biotech

• Nanotech

• Genetics

• Robotics and AI

• GIS

• Sensors

• Materials

• Space

• Ocean

• Construction

• Textiles

• Automobile

• Gems and Jewellery

• Chemicals

• Agro Foods

• Natural resources

• Waste Management

• Sanitation

• Urbanisation

• Disaster Management

• Pharmaceuticals

• Tourism & Hospitality

• Environment

• Agriculture

• Transport

• ICT

• Science and Technology

• Manufacturing

• Rural Development

• Transport (Aviation, Railways, Water, Road)

• Defence

• Quality Testing, Certification and Assurance

• Patents and Commercialisation of innovations

• Exports

• Traditional Knowledge

• North East• Education

• Health

• Energy

• Water

• Food

Proposed Areas: Sectoral Innovation Councils

• In 2003, the world’s largest companies spent $70.6 billion in R&D outside their homecountries, up from $33.9 billion in 1995

• Around 2.5 million students were studying outside their home country in 2004, up from 1.75million in 1999

• Global Exchanges develop “Absorptive capacities” which help places channel global flowsinto their local economies and become even more connected to the global economy inreturn

• New hotspots of innovation being created beyond the US and Europe: Sao Paolo in Brazil,Shanghai in China and Bangalore in India

• Global research and faculty linkages: UK-India Science and Innovation Council; UK-IndiaEducation and Research Initiative (UKIERI), US-India Business Council, proposed US-IndiaEducation Council

• Global Research and Innovation Forum for coordination

• Global Grassroots Innovation Platforms

• Eco-system for innovation created through government policies, private initiative & start upculture

• Government push for developing the domestic venture capital industry through schemessuch as Yozma

• High level of investment in R&D• Room for failure

Global Lessons

Websites• Official website: www.iii.gov.in

• National Innovation Council: www.innovationcouncil.gov.in

• National Knowledge Commission: www.knowledgecommission.gov.in

• National Knowledge Network: http://www.nkn.in/

Portals

• National Innovation Portal: www.innovation.gov.in

• India Biodiversity Portal: www.indiabiodiversity.org

• Teachers of India: www.teachersofindia.org

Social Media:

• Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/pages/New-Delhi-India/Adviser-to-the-PM-on-Public-Information-Infrastructure-and-Innovations/100738043327407?v=wall

• Youtube: http://www.youtube.com/iii