BRAIN GATE (in nutshell)

BRAIN GATE TECHNOLOGY

• DARSHAN G.U.• BRANCH EEE• BITM COLLEGE

Seminar By:-

Brain Gate Technology developed by Bio-tech company Cyber kinetics in 2008 in conjunction with the department of Neuroscience at Brown University.

Development

Nicholas Halso

NEED OF BRAIN GATE TECHNOLOGY

• 300,000 Americans are spinal cord injured.• 52% of spinal cord injured individuals are

considered Partial paralysis and 48% Total Paralysis

• Approximately 15,000 new injuries occur each year.

• 82% are male.• 56% of injuries occur between the ages of 16

and 30

How it is possible to read Brain Thought

The brain-machine interface analyzes slight changes in the brain's blood flow and translates brain motion into electric signals.

Brain-Computer Interface

• A brain–computer interface (BCI) is a direct communication pathway between a brain and an external device computer interface (BCI).

• It’s also known as direct neural interface or a brain–machine interface.

• Brain computer interface takes place as a result of EEG

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Brain Signals & Electroencephalogram (EEG)

• EEG is a recording of the electrical activity of the brain directly from the scalp produced by the firing of neurons within the brain.

• No EEG signal pattern is duplicated for any two distinct actions

How EEG Works ?

• Recordes patterns by placing small metal discs called electrodes on the scalp in certain positions

• Each electrode is labeled with a letter and a number to indicate its position.

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How the Signal is Produced

• EEG machines use differential amplifiers to produce each channel or trace of activity.

• The EEG signal itself is in the waveform so it is required that an analogue to digital signal converter be employed to produce the signal as a series of numeric values each representing voltage values of each channel at a certain time instance.

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A TINY CHIP HOLDING HUNDREDS OF ELECTRODES

A TINY CHIP HOLDING 100 MICROSCOPIC ELECTRODES

• The Braingate Neural Interface device consists of a tiny chip containing 100 microscopic electrodes that is surgically implanted in the brain's motor cortex. The whole apparatus is the size of a baby aspirin. The chip can read signals from the motor cortex, send that information to a computer via connected wires, and translate it to control the movement of a computer cursor or a robotic arm. According to Dr. John Donaghue of Cyberkinetics, there is practically no training required to use Brain Gate because the signals read by a chip implanted, for example, in the area of the motor cortex for arm movement, are the same signals that would be sent to the real arm.

Primary Motor Cortex (MI)

Leg

Face

Arm

5 mm

WORKING

• The sensor of the size of a contact lens is implanted in brain’s MOTOR CORTEX which control hand and arm movements. A tiny wire connects the chip to a small pedestal secured in the scull. A cable connects the pedestal to a computer. The brain's 100bn neurons fire between 20 and 200 times a second .The sensor implanted in the brain senses these electrical signals and passes signals to the computer through the cable. The computer translates the signals into a communication output, allowing a person to move a cursor on a computer screen merely by thinking about it.

Brain Gate Sensor Implantation and Post-Op Recovery as Planned

• Surgery as planned• Post-op recovery unremarkable• Wound healing around pedestal • complete

Arrayon Cortex

Insertion

2 months post implant

Cortical neural signal extraction

imagining saying the word ‘move’

resting

Brain Gate Signal Detection and Analysis;SCI Able to Modulate Neural Output

Neuro-motor prosthetic system

Computer1) Multi-electrode array implant

2) Decoding of neural signals

3) Output interface

Personal computer:• mouse• keyboard

Assistive Robotics:• robotic arm• mechanized prosthetic arm

Biological interface:• muscles • peripheral nerve • spinal cord

Neuromotor device

Two Dimensional Cursor control

Controlling robots by thoughts alone

A boon to the paralyzed• Mathew-Nagel the first person to use

the brain-computer • interface to restore functionality lost

due to paralysis…

Biggest reward

• On 7th november 2009 toyota launched it’s wheel chair that works on thought

• It has a reaction time of 123 milliseconds

Wachowski brothers' movie trilogy "The Matrix," humans dive into a virtual world by connecting their brains directly to a

computer……

CONCLUSION

• The invention of Brain gate is such a revolution in medical field.

WITH A BRAIN GATE YOU CAN: Turn on or off the lights on your room Check and read E-mails Play games in computer Use your PC Watch and control your Television Control a robotic arm

REFERENCES

• 1.Report on Brain Gate System by Vamsi krishna reddy and K. Dhanya

2.D.V.R & DR.H.S. MIC COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY KANCHIKACHARLA, KRISHNA..”Mind control “journal by Cambridge Consultants.

3.Annual report of cyber kinetics.4.www.clinicaltrails.gov/ct2/show

THANK Q