Brain computer interface

Brain

computer

interfaceBy:- Jaykrishna Thakkar

Sy.Msc.it(integrated)

CONTENT

Introduction

Principal behind BCI

How BCI works

Types of BCI

Application of BCI

Advantages

conclusion

INTRODUCTION

• Brain Computer Interface is a direct technological interface between a

brain & a computer system not requires a motor output from the

user.

• It is abbreviated as BCI.

• It is also known as Direct Neural Interface (DNI) & Brain – Machine

Interface (BMI).

CONTINUED..

• Brain-computer interface is an

electrode chip which can be implemented

in the brain through surgical procedure.

• When it is implemented in brain the

electrical signal exchanged by neurons

within the brain are sent to the computer

and then the computer is controlled by

person.

PRINCIPAL BEHIND BCI

This technology is based on to sense, transmit, analyze

and apply the language of neurons.

It consist of a sensor that is implanted in the motor cortex

of the brain and a device that analyses brain signals. The

signals generated by brain are interpreted and translated

into cursor movement on computer screen to control the

computer.

It consists of a silicon array about the size of an contact

lens that contains about 100 electrodes each thinner than

a human hair.

HOW BCI WORKS.

CONTINUE.

CONTINUE.

• This is how the brain-to-brain system works. The BCI reads the

sender’s thoughts — in this case, the sender thinks about moving his

or her hands or feet.

• Thinking about feet is equivalent to binary 0, while hands is binary 1.

• With a little time/effort, whole words can be encoded as a stream of

ones and zeroes.

• These encoded words are then transmitted (via the internet or some

other network) to the recipient, who is wearing a transcranial

magnetic stimulation (TMS). The TMS is focused on the recipient’s

visual cortex.

CONTINUE.

• When the TMS receives a “1″ from the sender, it stimulates a region in

the visual cortex that produces a phosphine — the phenomenon

whereby you see flashes of light, without light actually hitting your

retina (when you rub your eyes, for example).

• The recipient “sees” these phosphine at the bottom of their visual

field. By decoding the flashes — phosphine flash = 1, no phosphine = 0

— the recipient can “read” the word being sent.

TYPES OF BCI

Invasive BCI

Invasive BCIs are implanted

directly into the grey matter of

the brain during neurosurgery.

Non Invasive BCI

Non-Invasive BCIs do not

involve neurosurgery. They are

just like wearable virtual reality

devices.

APPLICATION OF BCI

One of the most exciting areas of BCI research is the development of

devices that can be controlled by thoughts.

For a quadriplegic, something as basic as controlling a computer cursor

via mental commands would represent a revolutionary improvement in

quality of life.

Some of the applications of this technology are also frivolous, such as the

ability to control a video game by thought , ability to change TV channels

with your mind etc.

PROJECTS

Brain gate

The sensor, which is

implanted into the brain,

monitors brain activity in the

patient and converts the

intention of the user into

computer commands.

Honda Asimov

Researchers have developed

an interface for

Honda's Asimov robot that

allows individuals to control

it simply by thinking.

Gaming control

Gaming control using a wearable

and wireless EEG-based brain-

computer interface device with

novel dry foam-based sensors.

Bionic eye

A visual prosthesis, often referred

to as a bionic eye, is an

experimental visual device

intended to restore functional

vision in those suffering from

partial or total blindness

ADVANTAGES

• Allow paralyzed people to control prosthetic limbs with their mind

• Transmit visual images to the mind of a blind person, allowing them

to see

• Transmit auditory data to the mind of a deaf person, allowing them to

Hear

• Allow gamers to control video games with their minds

• Allow a mute person to have their thoughts displayed and spoken by a

computer

CONCLUSION

• A potential therapeutic tool.

• BCI is an advancing technology promising paradigm shift in areaslike Machine Control, Human Enhancement, Virtual reality andetc. So, it’s potentially high impact technology.

• Several potential applications of BCI hold promise forrehabilitation and improving performance, such as treatingemotional disorders (for example, depression or anxiety), easingchronic pain, and overcoming movement disabilities

due to stroke.

• Will enable us to achieve singularity very soon.

• Intense R&D in future to attain intuitive efficiency