BOWEL AND URINE ELIMINATION

BOWEL AND URINE ELIMINATION

Part 1Urine Elimination

KEY TERMS (Urine)• Anuria• Dysuria • Enuresis• Frequency• Hesitancy• Incontinence• Nocturia

Anatomy of the Urinary System• Kidneys• Bladder• Ureters • Urethra• Act of micturition

Physiology of the Urinary SystemFunction:

o KIDNEYS o URETERSo BLADDERo URETHRAo ACT OF MICTURITION

Factors Influencing Urinary Elimination• Developmental Considerations• Food and Fluid• Life Style• Psychological Variables• Activity and Muscle Tone• Pathologic Conditions• Medications

Assessment Data (Urinary Elimination)• Subjective data

• Objective data

• Diagnostic data

URINE SPECIMENS (TYPES)• ROUTINE URINALYSIS

• CLEAN CATCH MID-STREAM

• TIMED

• CATHETERIZED

BOWEL ELIMINATION

Key Terms

KEY TERMS (BOWEL ELIMINATION)• BOWEL MOVEMENT (BM)• CONSTIPATION• DIARRHEA• ENEMA• FECES• FLATULENCE

BOWEL ELIMINATION (key terms con’t)• Flatus• Impaction (fecal)• Incontinence (fecal)• Occult blood• Peristalsis• Stool

Factors influencing bowel elimination (con’t)

ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF BOWEL ELIMINATION

Anatomyof bowel elimination • Mouth • Esophagus• Stomach• Small intestine • large intestine

Large Intestine:• Function• Innervation• Peristalsis• The normal urge• Defecation

Factors Influence Bowel Elimination• Usual patterns• Food/fluid intake• Activity level/muscle tone• Life-style• Psychological variables• Pathological conditions• Medications

Factors influencing bowel elimination (con’t)• Diagnostic tests• Surgery/anesthesia• Irritants• pain

Assessing bowel elimination need:• Subjective data

• Objective data

• Diagnostic studies

• Radiographic studies

CLIENT TEACHING NEEDS R/T BOWEL ELIMINATION• Use of cathartics, laxatives• Perceived constipation • Toilet training (rediness) • Need for enemas• Hygiene• Ostomies (ostomy care)• Bowel and bladder training

Nursing interventions to relieve flatulence• Diet • Activity• Rectal tube

Drugs affecting bowel elimination;• Absorbents• Anticholinergics and opiates• Antibiotics • Antidiarrheals

Cathartics and laxatives:• Physiological action: