Bournville_LE_Ward_Profile

Life Expectancy Ward Analysis

Ward Profile: Bournville Tackling Health Inequalities: Life Expectancy

VERSION CONTROL AND DOCUMENT GOVERNANCE

Version 2

Date June 2009

Status Green

File location (public)

Filename and path to locate this document

PHIT – Bournville 2

All maps produced with permission of Dotted Eyes & Ordnance Survey © Crown copyright 2008 licence number 100019918

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Introduction

Life expectancy is one of the main indicators for health inequalities. It has been set as the overarching work stream for tackling health inequalities in Birmingham by the Health and Wellbeing Partnership (BHWP).

This Ward Profile series aims to:

• Provide a detailed ward level picture of local health inequality context.

• Describe life expectancy trend in each target ward.

• Investigate leading conditions that cause deaths locally, to provide local focus for each target ward.

• Suggest future area / factors for extended research.

Authors Jeanette Davis (Public Health Information Analyst)

Chris Stephen (Public Health Information Analyst)

Mohan Singh (Public Health Database Administrator/ Analyst)

Iris Fermin (Head of Information and Intelligence)

Jim McManus (Joint Director of Public Health)

For further information please contact the information team:

Tel: 0121 465 2995 / 2999

Email: [email protected]

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1. Summary

• Electoral ward Bournville is within the boundary of NHS South Birmingham.

• Bournville accounted for 2.53% of Birmingham’s population in 2006.

• Children and young people (0-19) are the most populous group in the ward, making up 23.5% of the total population.

• The percentage of Black and Minority Ethnic groups in this ward is 9.9%, which is lower than both the National (11.3%) and Birmingham (32.7%) averages.

• Bournville is the 32nd (out of 40) most deprived ward in Birmingham.

• The latest extraction for 2005/07 shows that:

o Life expectancy is 77.2 for men and 81.7 for women over the years 2005/07.

o From 1995/97 to 2005/07 male life expectancy has increased by 4.3%. The gap between Bournville and England has shortened by 16.67% (0.1 years) from 1995/97 to 2005/07.

o From 1995/97 to 2005/2007 female life expectancy has increased by 4.5%. The deficit for Bournville compared with England has closed by 93.7% (1.5 years) from 1995/97 to 2005/07.

o Infant Mortality Rates have decreased by 32% since 1999/01; the rate for the most deprived wards has also dropped.

o The leading conditions that cause deaths in the ward are Circulatory diseases (33.7%), Cancers (28.0%) and Coronary Heart Diseases (17.2%).

• Life style factors for 2005/07 suggest that, in comparison to Birmingham as a whole, the rates for residents of Bournville are:

o 3.8 percentage points lower for adult obesity. o 1.8 percentage points higher for binge drinking adults. o 1.4 percentage points higher for adults who smoke.

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2. Local context: demographics and deprivation This section describes population demographics and deprivation in Bournville, in order to provide a local context for life expectancy inequalities. Comparisons are made with Birmingham and England.

2.1. Age and sex distribution The population of Bournville is estimated to be 25,524. This represents 2.53% of the population of Birmingham. Approximately 47.1% (12,029) are male and 52.9% are female (13,495). These estimations are based on ONS mid-year population estimates for 2006. The population pyramid (Figure 1.1) shows the age and sex distributions.

Population By Age Group and Gender

2006 Estimates by Ward

Source: Office of National Statistics

735

704

806

819

927

870

891

1000

1027

945

812

772

636

550

501

510

443

692

688

769

774

982

837

769

961

947

853

729

756

622

467

411

340

233

1500 1000 500 0 500 1000 1500

0-4

5-9

10-14

15-19

20-24

25-29

30-34

35-39

40-44

45-49

50-54

55-59

60-64

65-69

70-74

75-79

80+

Males

Females

Data source: ONS 2006 mid year population estimates

Figure 1.1 Population by age group and gender, Bournville 2006

Figure 1.1 illustrates:

• Children under school leaving age (i.e. age 0 - 19) represent 23.5% (5,987) of the Bournville population. Persons of retirement age (age 65+) account for 16.5% (4,201).

• The ward has 1.4 percentage points more under 19s and 5.8 percentage points more over 65s than the city averages.

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2.2. Ethnicity

Ethnicity has some influences in terms of what kind of illness an individual could develop through their life. Thus, ethnicity analysis becomes a requirement in order to target the health of vulnerable people. Table 1.1 shows the ethnicity distribution in the Bournville population, compared with Birmingham and England.

• The % column of Table 1.1 represents the percentage of the total population that fit into that ethnic group. The N* column shows the quantity of people in thousands that are from each group, for the ward, city and nationally.

• About a tenth (9.9%) of the population belong to non-white ethnicity groups, Pakistanis represent 1.23%, Indians 1.75% and Black Caribbeans 1.94%.

• The proportion of BME groups (9.9%) is lower than for Birmingham and England (11.3%).

Table 1.1 Ethnicity groups for Bournville (2001), Birmingham (2006) and England (2006)

Bournville Birmingham England

Ethnicity groups % N* % N* % N* White 90.1 23.0 67.3 667.0 88.7 45,018.1 Asian or Asian British 3.8 0.9 20.7 207.9 5.5 2,786.6 Black or Black British 2.6 0.7 6.7 67.0 2.8 1,403.0 Mixed 2.5 0.6 3.2 31.8 1.6 829.5 Chinese or other 1.0 0.2 2.3 22.9 1.4 725.7 Total 100 25.4 100 1,106.5 100 50,762.9

*population by thousand Data source: ONS population estimates by ethnic group mid 2006 for Birmingham / England. 2001 Census data for Ward

2.3. Deprivation

According to Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2007 published by ONS, Bournville is the 32nd most deprived electoral ward (out of 40) in Birmingham with an overall IMD score of 22.711.

Figure 1.2 shows SOAs in Bournville by IMD quintile, 2007. Most of the area covered by Bournville is in the least and second most deprived SOAs in Birmingham. Table 1.2 shows the area covered by the ward and population density.

Table 1.2 Ward Area Characteristics for Bournville

Area (KM2) Population Density (persons / km

2) Population Density – Working Age

16-64 (persons/km2)

6.372 4437 2815

1 Ward level IMD score is calculated based on IMD score 2007 for SOAs and population weighting from

SOAs to Wards in Birmingham produced by Birmingham Strategic Partnership Information Sharing Group from the Birmingham City Council.

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Figure 1.2 Super Output Areas in Bournville by IMD quintile, 2007

2.4. Lifestyle

Table 1.3 provides a summary of lifestyle indicators in Bournville, in comparison with Birmingham and England. Data presented here are from the synthetic estimates of healthy lifestyle behaviours produced by the NHS Information Centre.

• Compared with the Birmingham average, Bournville has a higher percentage of people who binge drink (1.8 percentage points higher) and smoke (1.4 percentage points higher) but a lower proportion who are obese (3.8 percentage points lower)

• A smaller percentage of people eat healthily in Bournville (19.8%) than both in Birmingham (25.1%) and nationally (26.3%).

• Table 1.3 shows that binge drinking amongst adults in Bournville needs to be investigated further, equally, healthier eating needs to be promoted more strongly in the ward along with the need to reduce smoking.

Table 1.3 Key figures for life style Deprivation in Bournville, Birmingham and England

Year Bournville Birmingham England

Adults who smoke 2003/05 26.3% 24.9% 24.1% Binge drinking adults* 2003/ 05 19.6% 17.8% 18.0% Healthy eating adults** 2003/ 05 19.8% 25.1% 26.3% Obese adults*** 2003/ 05 19.6% 23.4% 23.6%

* Binge drinking: men were defined as having indulged in binge drinking if they had consumed 8 or more units of alcohol on the heaviest drinking day in the previous seven days; for women the cut-off was 6 or more units of alcohol.

** Healthy eating: five or more portions of fruit and vegetables on the previous day *** Obese: BMI > 30 Data source: Physically active adults: Active People Survey, Sport England All other indicators: Synthetic estimates of healthy life styles, NHS Information Centre

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3. Life expectancy trend

There is evidence that life expectancy is one of the most important determinants for health inequalities across the population. This section gives an overview of life expectancy at birth in terms of trend and variations in different groups and communities.

Figure 2.1 shows the trend in male life expectancy in Bournville from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England. Male life expectancy has increased over this time. However, it is still lower than England and therefore needs strategies developed to continue this improvement.

Male Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average,

Bournville, Birmingham & England

70.0

71.0

72.0

73.0

74.0

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 0

0

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England M ales Birmingham M ales Bournville M ales

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.1 Male life expectancy for Bournville, Birmingham and England, 1995/97 to 2005/07

Figure 2.2 shows the trend in female life expectancy in Bournville from 1995/97 to 2005/07 on a 3-year basis, in comparison with Birmingham and England. By 2007 female life expectancy in Bournville is now on a par with England and continues to be higher than Birmingham.

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Female Life Expectancy - 3 year rolling average,

Bournville, Birmingham & England

75.0

76.0

77.0

78.0

79.0

80.0

81.0

82.0

83.0

1995

/ 97

1996

/ 98

1997

/ 99

1998

/ 0

0

1999

/ 01

2000

/ 02

2001

/ 03

2002

/ 04

2003

/ 05

2004

/ 06

2005

/ 07

Calendar Year

Lif

e E

xp

ecta

ncy (

Ag

e)

England Females Birmingham Females Bournville Females

Data source: ONS

Figure 2.2 Female life expectancy for Bournville Birmingham and England, 1995/97 to 2005/07

As illustrated above, life expectancy for both males and females has increased from 1995/97 to 2005/07 and is now higher than the city average. The deficit for Bournville compared with England has decreased.

• Male life expectancy has increased by 4.3% from 74.0 years in 1995/97 to 77.2 years in 2005/07.

• The deficit in male life expectancy for Bournville compared with England has closed from 0.6 years to 0.5 years.

• Female life expectancy has increased by 4.5% from 78.1 years in 1995/97 to 81.7 years by 2005/07.

• The deficit in female life expectancy for Bournville compared with England has closed from 1.6 years to 0.1 years.

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Bournville Infant Mortality Rate - 3 year rolling average

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

1999 / 01 2000 / 02 2001 / 03 2002 / 04 2003 / 05 2004 / 06 2005 / 07

Trend Years

Rate

per

1,0

00

Birmingham England

M ost Deprived Quintile in Bham Bournville

4. Infant mortality

In areas with high infant mortality rates, the life expectancy at birth is highly sensitive to the rate of death in the first few years of life. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is calculated as the number of newborns dying under one year of age in every 1,000 live births during the year, excluding still births.

Figure 2.3 shows trends of IMR in Bournville, Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile (i.e. 20%) Super Output Areas (SOAs) in Birmingham (based on Lower Super Output Area level IMD score 2007), from 1999/01 to 2005/07.

Data source: Birmingham, West Midlands and England: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development Most deprived quintile in Birmingham: PHIT

Figure 2.3 Infant mortality rates per 1,000 births in Bournville Birmingham, England and the most deprived quintile in Birmingham, 1999-2007

As illustrated in Figure 2.3, in 2005/07, the IMR in Bournville is lower than in Birmingham and in England. The IMR for those in the most deprived quintile of Birmingham is higher than the Birmingham average.

• From 1999/01 to 2005/07, the IMR has decreased by 32%. Birmingham’s IMR has also decreased.

• Over this time, the gap in IMR between the most deprived quintile SOAs in Birmingham and Bournville has increased from 5.4 to 5.6 per 1,000. The ward data has shown a large drop in the final year.

• During the same period, the IMR in England has decreased smoothly from 5.6 to 4.9 per 1,000 (at about 0.1 per 1,000 per year). Bournville’s IMR has switched from 0.5 per 1,000 above England to 0.7 per 1,000 below.

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5. Mortality rates on selected diseases

Age-specific mortality rate is used to calculate life expectancy at birth. Disease specific standardised mortality rates are investigated, in order to identify leading diseases that contribute to the overall mortality rates in Bournville.

Table 3.1 shows directly standardised mortality rates for selected conditions in 2005/07. Percentage of each disease’s rate out of the overall rate is also shown here. Cancers, Circulatory diseases and Coronary heart disease are the major killers. They make up more than 78.9% of the overall DSR. This percentage is consistent with both city and local PCT levels, which vary from 72% to 82%.

Table 3.1 Directly Standardised Mortality Rates (DSRs) per 100,000 population for selected conditions, Bournville, 2005/07

DSR % out of all causes rate*

All Causes 663.8

100.0%

All Cancers 186.0 28.0%

All Circulatory Diseases 223.8 33.7%

Coronary Heart Disease 114.3 17.2%

* Percentage of rate for the specific disease out of rate for all causes

Data source: National Centre for Health Outcomes Development