Bottom Up Indonesian Internet Infrastructure Onno W. Purbo [email protected] Independent IT Writer.
Mar 26, 2015
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Important Key Factor Human Community Society
NOT Technology NOT $$$
Overview Commercial ISP Development Historical View & Tech. Aspects Internet Community Development
Major Achievements No backup from World Bank, IMF, ADB Bottom-up Community based
Sustainable development
Key Strategies Human factor is the most important KEY. Provide Free Education to the Society Copyleft & Copywrong movement
http://www.bogor.net/idkf/ http://pandu.dhs.org/
Free? How about the reward? God provides reward in unimaginable ways.
Society Education Process
Surfing
Publish
Packaging Disseminate
Feed Back
Involving Many Volunteers .. Michael Sunggiardi (Bogor) I Made Wiryana (Germany) Umar Tjokroaminoto (Medan) Adi Nugroho (Makassar) Irwin Day (Makassar) Ismail Fahmi (Bandung) Etc …
Basic strategy in short .. “Either lead or follow but please
don’t block the road for those who would move forward …” Phil Karn at Qualcomm, one of the Wireless Internet guru.
Commercial Internet Development
Commercial ISPs APJII = Indonesian ISP Association http://www.apjii.or.id IndoNet
the first Indonesian commercial ISP in 1994.
APJII Membership 150+ Principal License Holder 80 Member APJII 40+ active in providing services 100+ cities, all provinces Common Facilities
APJII IIX APJII IDNIC
Domain Registration & NIR (APNIC)
Principal & Operational License
2
16
1
19
13
6
17
31
7
2
71
6
20
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1994 1996 1998 2000
Prinsip
Operasi
Subscriber Distribution
Indosat15%
Linket11%
CBN10%
RadNet7%
Centrin7%
Indonet5%
Lain245%
Targeted Total Indonesian Internet Users
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
1999 2000 2001 2002
ISP
Indonesia Internet Exchange
ISP
GLOBAL INTERNETGLOBAL INTERNETGLOBAL INTERNETGLOBAL INTERNET
APJII – IIXAPJII – IIX(GCC TELKOM)(GCC TELKOM)
APJII – IIXAPJII – IIX(GCC TELKOM)(GCC TELKOM)
Some grassroots movements Internet Café High Speed Wireless Internet (11-
54Mbps)
Indonesian Internet Cafes 2000+ Internet Cafes Mostly self-finance Hangout at
Fight for expanding own network & concept towards community based network.
Indonesian Internet Café Access Cost for Public Users
Rp. 5000 / hour. Access Cost for Students at Schools
Rp. 5000 / month Return of Investment
1-2 Years (no WB, no IMF, no ADB, no GoI funding)
Internet Café is an affordable solution for Indonesian to access the Internet. It may enable 20+ million Indonesian to Internet in next 4-5 years.
Indonesian Wireless Internet Close to 1000 corporate users Uses 11Mbps (soon 54Mbps)
wireless connection 2.4GHz (soon at 5-5.8GHz) Hangout [email protected]
Fight for free frequency license
Historical View Social (human) Aspects Technological Aspects
Network Topology: Jan 1993
LAN
InterNet
Universitas Indonesia
BPPTLAPAN
ITB
1200 bps2 Meteran
1200 bps UHF
1200 bpsUHF
LAN
InterNet
Universitas Indonesia
BPPTLAPAN
ITB
1200 bps2 Meteran
1200 bps UHF
1200 bpsUHF
Homebrew Radio Modem
Software & PC based 286 & e-mail only Freeware network operating
system (NOS) Downloadable from
ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/packet/
AI3 Indonesia: 1997
AI3Indonesia IIX
WIDE
AI3S-One /
SingaREN vBNS
STARTAP
CA*net3
TransPAC
APAN
Current Technology Push Wireless Internet 11-54Mbps
Estimated cost US$150 / unit “Unlicensed” band 2.4Ghz, 5-
5.8GHz
Build own network, no Telco!
Two Way Satellite
Satellite dish Satellite dish
Satellite
Radio tower
InterNet
WARNET
WARNET
WARNET
Success Factor Community based development. Human Resource Development
Culture! Shifting mind set!
Self-financing.
Human is the key factor!
Access Behavior Source: Adi Nugroho
[email protected] 50% Internet Café in Makassar,
Sulawesi 20-27 January 2002.
Logged Access Sites in Makassar*.yahoo.com 6.96%
*.yimg.com 6.77%
*.bolehmail.com 4.69%
<error> 2.98%
*.plasa.com 2.52%
*.astaga.com 2.02%
*.17tahun.com 1.72%
*.doubleclick.net 1.46%
*.extrajos.com 1.40%
*.msn.com 1.16%
*.akamai.net 1.00%
*.freebiespider.com 0.85%
*.geocities.com 0.76%
*.rileks.com 0.75%
> 202.53.225.* 0.74%
> *.chek.com 0.61%
> *.detik.com 0.49%
> *.adbutler.com 0.44%
> *.kompas.com 0.40%
> *.icq.com 0.27%
> other: 2nd-level-domains 62.01%
> --------------------------------------- ------
> Sum 100.00%
Access Behavior Search engine & webmail are the the most accessed site.
News & online media are next. Indonesian pornographic site is next in the row (not much).
2.98% users normally mistype the URL.
Yahoo.com & its family is the most (13%) accessed site.
Indonesian Internet Communities http://www.yahoogroups.com http://groups.yahoo.com http://groups.plasa.com
Survey done at yahoogroups.com
Evaluate yahoogroups.com 45.000+ Indonesian mailing lists Mostly <100 subscribers Evaluate only >100 subscribers
Evaluation
Total mailing list 49913
Evaluated 30195 (60.5%)
Mailing list > 100 subs
1247 (4.2%)
Mailing lists
total 1247
Pornography 73 (5.9%)
Social 350 (28.1%)
Religion 155 (12.4%)
Politics 94 (7.5%)
Knowledge 257 (20.6%)
Hobby 110 (8.8%)
Economics 16 (1.3%)
Business 192 (15.4%)
Subscribers
total 451887
Pornography 59871 (13.2%)
Social 87875 (19.4%)
Religion 55055 (12.2%)
Politics 32124 (7.1%)
Knowledge 83736 (18.5%)
Hobby 48342 (10.7%)
Economics 4595 (1.0%)
Business 80289 (17.8%)
Messages in 2001
total 1593523
Pornography 42590 (2.7%)
Social 371749 (23.3%)
Religion 190427 (12.0%)
Politics 186583 (11.7%)
Knowledge 291544 (18.3%)
Hobby 236023 (14.8%)
Economics 13542 (0.8%)
Business 261065 (16.4%)
Activeness (msg/subs/month)
Pornography 0.71
Social 4.23
Religion 3.46
Politics 5.81
Knowledge 3.48
Hobby 4.88
Economics 2.95
Business 3.25
Bandwidth (Kbps)
total 1,711
Pornography 704 (41.2%)
Social 236 (13.8%)
Religion 146 (8.5%)
Politics 113 (6.6%)
Knowledge 270 (15.8%)
Hobby 103 (6.0%)
Economics 9 (0.6%)
Business 128 (7.5%)
Summary .. Copyleft & copywrong movement
done by many volunteers (not the gov’t) really help in providing knowledge to the society & enable them to build their own infrastructure.
Wireless Internet & Internet café technology is the key infrastructure. Most of the infrastructure are self-finance with no WB, IMF & ADB involvement.
Gov’t of Indonesia most of the time claim our sucesses & ask for funding to donor agencies.
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