"SJSedtS^NCH VV
BOTANY SYLLABUSALGAE AND BRYOPHYTES
UNIT I
Classification (Bold and Wyne, 1978) of algae. Range of
vegetative structure, cellular organization, thallus organization,
plastid and pigments, life cycle patterns.UNIT - IIStructure and
reproduction of following types: Nostoc, Volvox, Caulerpa, Chora,
Cyclotella, Sargassum, Grocillaria.UNIT - IIIEconomic importance of
algae, SCP, LSF (Liquid seaweed fertilizer), Mass cultivation of
algae, BGA, Algal hydrocarbon, Hydrogen production, oxidation
ponds.
UNIT - IVGeneral characteristics, classification of Bryophytes
by Proskaeur (1957 - upto order level). Salient features of
Hepaticopsida, Anthocerotopsida and Bryopsida. Occurrence and
distribution. Bryophytes as indicators of pollution.UNIT - V
Detailed study of the morphology, anatomy, reproduction and life
cycle of the genera (excluding the development) 1. Marchantia 2.
Anthoceros 3. Polytrichum.Reference books
1. Bilgrami, K.S. and Saha L.C textbook on algae
2. Bold, H.C and Wyne M.J.1978. Introduction to algae Prentice
Hall of India.
3. Fritsch, F.E. 1945. Structure are reproduction in algae.
Cambridge University Press.
4. Smith, G.M. 1995. Cryptogamic Botany Vol.1
5. Watson E.V. 1967. The structure and life of bryophytes.
6. Prempuri. 1973, Bryophytes. A broad perspective.
7. Pariphar, N.S. 1967. An introduction to Embryophyta Vol.1
8. Vasishta B.R. 1970. A text book of Botany, Broyophyta.
9. Pandey, B.D. 1977. A text book of Botany, Broyophyta.
FUNGI, LICHENS AND PLANT PATHOLOGYUNIT - IClassification
(Alexopolous, 1962) of fungi. General characters of classes:
Myxomycetes, Piasmodiophoromycetes, Oomycetes, Ascomycetes,
Basidiomycetes, Deuteromycetes.UNIT - IIDetailed study of the
structure and reproduction of the types: Albugo, Peziza,
Aspergillus, Puccinia, Polyporus. Lichens and their importance.
UNIT III
Economic importance of fungi, Mycotoxins, Biocontrol agent
(Trichoderma). Mycorrhiza types and the importance. Penicillin,
citric acid production and the uses. Mycoprotein, production of
yeast biomass.UNIT IVA general account of disease control -
cultural practices, quarantine, chemical control (Bordeaux mixture,
organophosphates) Taxins in plant diseases-fusaric acid, victorin,
pyricularin.UNIT VStudy of the causal organism, symptoms and
control of the following diseases: Rice blast, Citrus canker, Tikka
disease.Reference
1. Alexopolous C.J. Introductory mycology
2. Bilgrami K.S and H.C Dube. 1976. A text book of modern plant
pathology.
3. Mundkar, Fungi and plant diseases.
4. Pandey, B.P Fungi
5. Rangaswamy G. 1982. Plant pathology.
6. Sharma, P.D Microbiology and plant pathology.
HERBS AND HOME REMEDIES
UNIT - IHistory and role of the herbs in day-to-day life
UNIT - IIBeneficial aspects of herbal plants as food -common
greens .vegetables and edible oils (general account only)
UNIT-IIIStudy of some common plants which are used as
medicine.Calotropis gigantean. Centella asiatica, Cissus
quadrangularis, Rosa centifolia, Piper betel, Ocimum sanctum,
Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Zingiber officinalis Lawsonia
inermis.
UNIT - IVHerbal remedies - herbal first aid, home remedies-for
common cold, fever, headaches, migraines, digestive and respirator)
disorders, ear, eyes, mouth and throat infections. UNIT - V
Skin care using herbal products.Reference
1. The complete medicinal, herbal Penelope Ody mnimh-1993.
Dorling Kindersley Ltd., Great Britain.
2. Home Remedies Vol-I-V T.V. SAIRAM, 1999.
3. Medicinal Plants Vol-I-III R.Bentley and H. Trimen 2000.
4. Indian Medicinal Plants Vol-I-V O.LONGMAN 1997.
Pteridophytes, Gymnoperms and Paleobotany
UNIT - I Genera! characteristics, Classification of
pteridophytes by Reimer (1954 - upto order level) Salient features
of Psilophytopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida and Pteropsida. Steles
and stellar evolution. Heterospory and seed habit. Apogamy and
Apospory.UNIT - IIDetailed study of morphology, anatomy,
reproduction and life cycle of the following genera (excluding
development) 1. Psilotum, 2. Lycopodium 3. Selaginella.UNIT -
IIIDetailed study of morphology, anatomy, reproduction and life
cycle of the following general (excluding development) 4. Equisetum
5. Adiantum.UNIT- IVGeneral characteristics of gymnosperms.
Classification of Gymnosperms by David Bierhost (1971 upto order
level). Detailed study of the morphology, anatomy and reproduction
of Pinus and Gnetum.UNIT - VPaleobotany - Importance of paleobotany
and fossils. Methods of fossilization and types of fossil,
Geological time table. Type study of the following. 1.
Lepidodendron 2. Lepidostrobus 3. Caiamites 4.
Williamsonta.Reference
1. Smith, G.M. 1955. Cryptogamic Botany Vol.III
2. Sporne K.R. 1976. Morphology of pteridophytes.3. Eames, A.J.
1936. Morphology of vascular plants.
4. Sundarajan, S. 1995. Introduction to Pteridophytes.
5. Rashid, A. 1979. An introduction to pteridophytes.
6. Vasishta, P.C 1990. Vascular Cryptogams (Pteridophyta).
7. Sporne, K.R. 1976. Morphology of gymnosperms.
8. Bilerhorst, D.W. 1970. Morphology of vascular plants.
9. Vasishta, 1976. Gymnosperms.
10. Arnold, C.A. 1947. An introduction to palaebotany.
11. Andrews, H.B. 1961. Studies in palaebotany.
12. Stewart, W. 1983. Palaebotany and the evolution of
plants.
PLANT BIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY1. Identification of the
algae Nostoc, Volvox, Cham,2. Analysis of algae Caulerpo,
Sargassum, Gracilloria3. Demonstration of Mass cultivation of
algae, SCP, BGA, Oxidation ponds, Hydrogen production from
algae.
Bryophytes4.A detailed study of the following genera Marchantia,
Anthoceros, PolythchumFungi5.Detailed study of the fungi mentioned
in the syllabus: Albugo, Peziza,
Puccinia,Polyporus.6.Identification of Aspergillus.
7. Identification of Mychorrhiza, Biocontrol fungi (Trichoderma)
cultivation of yeast biomass, Penicillin production, mushroom
cultivation.Plant Pathology8.Identification of the plant diseases:
Rice blast, Citrus canker, Tikka disease.
Pteridophytes9.A detailed study of the following genera:
Psilotum, Lycopodium, Equisetum, Seloginella and
Adiantum.Gymnosperms perms10.A detailed study of the following
general: Pinus and Gnetum. Paleobotany11.A detailed study of the
following genera: Lepidodendron and Calamites. WATER MANAGEMENTUNIT
- IWater, chemical properties and biological importance.UNIT -
IIPotable water, Measurement of water quality, BOD, COD, evaluation
of drinking water quality.UNIT - IIIWater pollution, industrial,
agricultural and heavy metal pollution. Water quality in and around
industrial sites.UNIT IVSewage treatment. Drinking water
treatmentUNIT -VWater management, recreational aspects of water -
quality of swimming pool water. Water quality monitoring.
Environmental impact assessment.Reference
1. Dwivedi, P. 2004, Environmental pollution and Environmental
management. Scientific publishers India.
2. Tripathi, G. and Pandey, G.C. 2001. Current topics in
environmental sciences.
3. Trivedy, R.K. 2000. Aquatic pollution and toxicology
4. Rama Raju, P.V. and Murali Krishna, 1998. Environmental
sanitation. Environmental protection Society, Kakida.
MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF ANGIOSPERMS
UNIT - ILeaf: Phyllotaxy, simple leaves and its types. Compound
leaves and its types. Stipules - kinds of stipules, modification of
stipules.Infloresence:Raceme and its types. Cyme and its types,
Special types of
Inflorescence.Flower: Par us of typical flower. Technical terms
used in the description of flower.Fruits: A. (a) Simple fleshy
fruits and its types (b) Simple dry fruits and its types.
B. Multiple fruits
C. Aggregate fruitsUNIT II :Taxonomy and its importance,
Herbarium techniques, Concept of a taxon - Binomial nomenclature,
Author Citation, ICBN, Botanical Survey of India, Taxonomic
hierarchy (Major and Minor categories).UNIT III:
Categories of Classification - Artificial (Linnaeus), Natural
(Bentham & Hooker) and Modem (Cronquist) - only outline
classification needed - merits and demerits. Use of floras in
identification. Key preparation - Intended keys and Bracketed
keys.UNIT IV :
A detailed study of the characters and plants and economic
importance of the following families:DICHOTYLEDONAEPolypetalae1.
Annonaceae
2. Caesalpinaceae 3. Rutaceae4. Anacardiaceae5. Cucurbitaceae6.
Apiaceae
UNIT V:Gamopetalae7. Sapotaceae
8. Apocynaceae9. Solanaceae Monochiamydeae
10. Amaranthaceae11. Moraceae MONOCOTYLEDONAE12.
PoaceaeReference
Morphology and taxonomy
1. Jeffery. C. 1968. An Introduction to plant taxonomy J.A.
Churchil.
2. Dawrence G.H.M. 1955. An Introduction to plant taxonomy.3.
Lawrence G.H.M. 1951, Taxonomy of vascular plants.4. Porter C.L.
1969 Taxonomy of flowering plants.5. Naik. V.N. 1984 Taxonomy of
angiosperm, Tata Mc Gram Hill Pub.6. P.C. Vasishta Taxonomy of
angiosperms.7. Gamble J.S. Flora of Madras Presidency (3 Volumes)8.
Rendle A.B. 1925. The classification of flowering plants
Vol.I&II.9. Subramanyam, N.S., 1995. Modern Plant Taxonomy.
Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., N.Delhi.Plant Biology and Plant
BiotechnologyUNIT - IPlant cell - Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic and their
differences; Ultra Structure, chemical nature and functions of the
cell wall, plasmodesmala and pits; Plasma membrane, endoplasmic
reticulum, dictyosomes, plastids, mitochondria, chloroplasts,
nucleus & ribosomes - ergastic substances.Unit IIChromosomes -
number and structure, giant chromosomes - polytene and lampbrush,
DNA & RNA - structure and chemical composition; cell
division-mitosis, meiosis - significance.UNIT IIICulture techniques
- Sterilizing culture vessels, tools, nutrient media & culture
rooms. Aseptic culture techniques, isolation of single cells and
suspension culture, culture of isolated single cells.
Unit - IVCarbohydrates - classification, structure; lipids -
classification, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, proteins -
structure, importance in plant life.Unit VMolarity, Molality and
ppm. Buffers, pM, acid base equilibrum; Bioenergetics, laws of
thermodynamics, concepts of entropy, free energy, ATP. Enzyme -
structure, normenclature, classification, mode of action of
co-enzymes and activators. Inhibitors - competitive,
non-competitive, allosteric feed back and suicidal
inhibitors.Reference Books
1. Verma and Agrawal Cytology, Chand & Co.
2. Dalela & Verma. Cytology, Jai Prakash Nath & Co3.
Muneeswaran. Cell biology. Brighton Book House
4. Palaniappan S. Thavara Selliyal. V.K. Pub. House5. De
Robertis & De Robertis, 1988. Cell & Molecular Biology,
K.M. Verghese & Co.
6. Wolfe, S.L. 1993. Molecular & Cell Biology,
Wadsworth.
7. Narayanaswamy, S. 1994. Plant Cell & tissue culture, Tata
Mc Graw Hill Co.8. Ignacimuthu. S., 1998. Plant Biotechnology.
Oxford & IBH Publ. Co., New Delhi.
9. Lehninger, Biochemistry.
10. J.L. Jain. Fundamentals of Biochemistry.
ANATOMY, TISSUE CULTURE AND MICRO TECHNIQUES ANATOMY UNIT -
ITissues : Classification - meristematic, permanent and
secretoryMeristematic tissues : Characterestic features -
classification - Apical lateral and intercalary meristems.Apical
meristems of shoot : Histogen Theory, Tunica Corpus theory, Mantle
and Core concept, French concept.Apical organisation of root :
Korper Kappe Theory, types of root apices, Quiescent centre.
UNIT - IIPermanent tissues : ClassificationSimple tissues :
Origin, structure and functions of Parenchyma, Collenchyma and
Selenchyma.Stomatal types : Anamocytic, Anisocytic, Paracytic,
Diacytic and Graminaceous.
Complex tissues : Origin, structure and functions of Phloem and
Xylem.Primary and secondary xylem, Axial and Radial systems, Growth
rings, sapwood, heartwood and tyloses.Primary and secondary
phloem.UNIT - IIIAnatomical structure of primary body in dicot and
monocot stem, root and leaf.Normal secondary growth in dicot stem
{Helianthus, Linum, and Aristalochid) and dicot root.Primary
anomalies in stem - eg Boerhaavia and Nyctanthes.Secondary
anomalies in dicot stem - abnormal activity of cambium in. dicot
stem -eg, Bignonia, Accessory cambium eg. Achyranthus.Secondary
growth in monocot stems - eg. Dracaena and Palms.
TISSUE CULTUREUNIT IVThe concept of totipotency of plant cell -
Differentiation - Dedifferentiation and differentiation - nutrient
medium (MS medium) - Sterilization, inoculation and maintenance of
culture - Principles of callus culture and meristem culture -Micro
propagation - Somatic embryogenesis.MICROTECHNIQUESUNIT VLight
microscope; bright field and phase contrast - Electron microscope :
TEM and SHM - principles and applications,Principles of fixation
and fixatives Eg. FAA, Farmer's fluid and Carnoy's fluid.Principles
of staining: Staining technique - Single Staining (Safranin,
Acetocarmine and Toluidine Blue O) and Double staining (Safranin
and Fast green O) Maceration 'and Vein clearing.CELL BIOLOGY:
Observation of prokaryotic and enkaryotie cells using living
materials. Interpretation of photomicrographs and
electionmicrographs of cell organelles and cyslolith, raphide,
starch grains (Rice and potato), Mitotic and meiotic divisions
preparation and observation using squash and smear techniques.
Enzyme assey analyse and peroxidase demonstration. Procedure for
sterilization of glassware and instruments; protocols for single
cell and suspension culture.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGYPhysiochemical properties of water.
Permeability, Imbibition, Diffusion, Osmosis, Water potential and
its components. Absorption of water and solutes. Apoplast and
sympiast concept. Passive and Active absorption uptake of
minerals-Passive uptake Ion exchange - cation exchange. Active
uptake - carrier ion concept, cytochrome pump hyphothesis.
Transpiration - types; Stomatal movements-Starch - Sugar hypothesis
and Stewart hypothesis.Unit IIPhotobiologyRadiant energy, energy
state of electrons, fluorescence, phosphorescence, photosynthetic
pigments, pigment system I and II. Absorption spectrum and Action
spetrum, Red drop and Emerson's enhancement effect. Light reaction:
cyclic and non-cyclic electron transport and photophoshorylation.
Calvin cycle, Hatch - Slack pathway, Kmnz anatomy, photorespiration
Blackmails Jaw of limiting factors.Unit IIIRespiration - types -
aerobic and anaerobic types of fermentation. Glycolysis, krebs
cycle, electron transport chain, substrate and oxidative
phosphorylation, respiratory quotient, chemiosmotic theory.Unit
IVNitrogen - its importance and availability Nitrogen fixation -
Biological, symbiotic, asymbiotic, leguminous nitrogen assimilation
- nitrate reduction, nitrite reduction amino acid synthesis -
Peptide bond - protein synthesis. Growth regulators - auxin,
gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, abscissic acid -mechanism of
action, and their role in plant life. Morphogenesis - Transition
from vegetative to reproductive phase Photoperiodism - phytochrome,
role and mode of action vernalization. Seed germination.
Unit VEnzyme Biotechnology - uses of enzymes Industrial uses.
Preparation of crude enzymes Dialysis, Centrifugation
Precipitation, Purification of enzymes (Brief account only)
Chromatography, Adsorption, Ion Exchange,
Electrophoresis.Reference
1. Noggle & Fritz Introductory Plant Physiology
2. S.N. Pandy & B.K. Sinha Plant Physiology
3. Verma Plant Physiology and Biochemisty
4. Kocchar & Krishnamurthy Plant Physiology
5. R.M.Devlin Plant Physiology
6. Salisbury and Rao Plant Physiology
7. Wilkins Advanced Plant Physiology
8. V.K.Jain Plant Physiology
9. Lehninger Biochemistry
10. J.L.Jain Fundamental of Biochemistry.
11. Gupta P.K.1997, Elements of Biotechnology Rastogi
Publications. EMBRYOLOGY AND CROP IMPROVEMENTEmbryologyUnit IAnther
; structure and development - Male gametophyte : structure and
development - Ovule : structure and development - Types of ovule -
Types of megasporogenesis - Types of embryosac - Monosporic
(Polygonum), Bisporic (Attium), Tetrasporic (Peperomia) -
Ultrastructure of the components of female gametophyte.Unit
IISignificance of pollen - pistil interaction - Germination of
pollen grains, growth of pollen tube, entry of pollen tube into
ovule, syngamy and triple fusion -importance of double
fertilization.Unit IIIEmbryo - Structure and development of dicot
embryo (Capsella) and monocot embryo (Najas). Endospem: types,
structure, development and functions -endosperm haustoria. -
Ruminate endosperm,Unit IVTechnique and applications of anther,
isolated pollen, ovule, ovary, endosperm and embryo culture -
Polyembryony, Apomixis and Parthenocarpy - Application of this
knowledge for the improvement in productivity of plants.Crop
ImprovementUnit VMethods of crop improvement - Introduction and
acclimatization. Different methods of selection (mass, pureline and
clonal). Hybridization techniques - Hcterosis -Polyploidy and its
applications in plant breeding. Breeding for salt and drought
resistance.Reference Books
1. Maheswari, P.1991. An Introduction to the Embryology of
Angiosperms, TataMcGraw Hill publishing co. ltd.2. Johri, B.M.
1982. Experimental embryology of vascular plants.3. Allard, R.w.
1960. Principles of plant breeding John Wiley & sons.ECOLOGY
AND PHYT0GEOGRAFHYUnit IFactors of environment and their
interactions in the ecosystem. Abiotic and Biotic
factors-Temberature, Light, Precipitation, wind. A brief account of
Soil, Plants, Animals and Microbes Biogeochemical
cycles-Hydrological cycle, carbon cycle, Nitrogen cycle,
sedimentary cycle, Stability control - Homeostasis.Unit IIFlow of
energy in the Ecosystem - Trophic relations - aquatic and
terrestrial ecosystems. Pond ecosystem and Grassland ecosystem.
Food chian and Food web. Ecological pyramids-pyramids of number,
energy and biomass.Unit IIISuccesion-Hydrosere, Xeroser
Theories - Climax concept - monoclimax and poly climax, An
account of hydrophytes, mesophytes and Xerophytes-their adaptations
in relation to habitat. Coastal vegetation - Mangrooves.Unit
IVPrinciples of phytogeography, Age and area theory, Endemism,
Continental drift-concept. (No evidences) Dispersal and Migration.
Major vegetational types of IndiaForests-evergreen, deciduous,
scrub. Distribution of forests in Tamil Nadu. Principles and need
for conservation of forests. Afforestation, Social forestry
National and International agencies of conservation.
Unit VCleaner technologies, Fermentation technology - paper
industry - plastic industry - Treatment of distillery effluent -
Primary - Secondary treatment - Bio degradation of pollutants Pest
Control and Bio Pesticides, Bio sensors to detect environmental
pollutants.
References
1. Ambast R.S. 2000, Text Book of Plant Ecology. Friend and
Co.2. Gupta PK. 1997, Elements of Biotechnology Rastogi
Publications.3. Kumar, H.D. 1998, Modern Concepts of Econology.
Vikas publishing House, Pvt. Ltd.,
4. Odum, E.P., 1983, Basic Ecology. Holt Saunders International
editions.
5. Sharma, P.D., 2000, Elements of Econology, Rastogi
Publications
6. Shukla, R.S., & Chandel, P.S., 1998, Plant Econology.
S.Chand & Co.Pvt. Ltd.,
7. Singh, D.V.,1985, The Eco Vote Peoples representatives and
global environment.
8. Smith, W.H., 1981. Air pollution and Forests. Interactions
between air contaminants and forest ecosystem.
9. Solbris, O.T., Van Embden, H.M., & Van Dordt, P.G.W.J.
Biodiversity and global change. IUBS, CAB international.
Plant Biology And Plant BiotechnologyHORTICULTUREUnit I
Importance of horticulture, divisions, garden tools and
appliances, components of garden, planning the garden, types of
garden.Unit II Fumigation, sterilization, irrigation, soil types,
use of organic manures and fertilizers to improve the fertility of
the soil.Unit III Lawn - types, maintenance, grass types, soil
preparation, irrigation and weeding., Herbs, shrubs, trees, path,
edges, hedges, borders, climbers, carper beds rockery. Water
garden, topiary., Pot culture with special reference to Bonsoi
& green house.Unit IVA brief study of the methods of
propagation of plants from seeds, raising of plants from cuttings,
layering, budding and grafting. Soilless Plants and hydroponics.
Preservation of fruits and vegetables. Green house - types,
aeration, soil fertilizers, types of plants & Pest control -
disease, infection & prevention.Preservation of fruits &
vegetablesFruits - factors influencing storage - Respiration,
humidity & Temperature. Preservation methods - Air cooled
storages - Treating with wax emulsion, waxing & polishing and
methods of application Refrigerated storage, Nitrogen, and quick
freezing. Vegetables - cold, storage, canning, dehydration,
freezing pickles.
Unit V Specific pathogen -free plant production.Introduction of
N2 - fixation into non leguminous plants .Increased disease
resistanceImproved quality of plant productsImproved Resistance of
plants to stressImproving Salt Tolerance & Bio-saline
conceptApplication in nematode management.References:
1. Jules Janick, 1982, Horticultural Science, Surjeet
Publications, New Delhi.2. Jindal, S.L. 1982; Lawns and Gardens,
L.L. Auditorium, Ch, Govt. of Indian Press Nasik.3. Rob Herwing,
1984; The Hamlyn Encyclopedia of house plants, Hamlyn Publishing
group ltd. London.4. J.B. Edmond et al. 1990; Fundamentals of
horticulture. Tata Mcgraw Hill Publishing Co., Ltd., New Delhi.5.
Manibhusan Rao, K.1991; Text Book of Horticulture Mac Millan India
Pvt. Ltd. Delhi.6. Mathew, I.P. and S.K. Kankari, 1994;
Horiculture; Principles and Practices: Mac Millan Press Ltd. Pub.7.
Hudson T.hartmann et al., 1997; Plant propagation: Principles and
practices: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.8. Presad,
S. and Kumar, - 1999; Principles of Horticulture, Agro Botanica,
Bikaner, India.ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGYAims and objectivesTo
give an insight into environmental pollution and microbial
processes in the environment. The paper is also mainly focused to
provide knowledge on the use of microbes for a safe of environment
and to treat hazardous waste using biotechnological processes.UNIT
I IntroductionThe environment-soil, water and air. Pollution and
its causes(outline only). Nonconventional energy sources-biogas
production, methane and hydrogen production. Recycling of waste
products-composting and silaging.UNIT IISource and treatment of
polluted waters and effluentsBiological treatment of
sewage-characteristics of sewage and objectives in seawage
treatment-Activated sludge process-Trickling filters-Anaerobic
digestion. Treatment of industrial effluents using bioreactors.
Pollution of water bodies by heavy metals and pesticides-removal of
heavy metals and pesticides by Biosorption. Removal of oil spills
by using microbes.UNIT III Soil and air pollution and their
treatment:Soil pollution by xenobiotics. Degradation of
xenobiotics-pathways of phenol, pentachlorophenol and
polychlorinated biphenyl degradation. Purification of polluted
air.UNIT IV: Bioremediation.Introduction to bioremediation, exsilu
and insitu bioremediation. Types of reactors used in
bioremediation.UNIT VBiometallurgy and related
topicsBiomineralization-bioleaching-Mental transformation -
bioflims and biocorrosion. Pollution by radionuclides-uptake of
radionuclidcs from polluted sites. Future prospects.Books for
Study:
1. Alan Scregg, 1999, Environmental Biotechnology. Pearson
Publication Limited.2. Dubey R.C. 2004, A text book of
Biotechnology aspects of microbiology, British Sun Publication.3.
Joseph C.Deniel, 1996, Environmental aspects of microbiology,
British Sun Publication.4. Keeshav Thehan, 1997, Biotechnology, New
age international (P) Limited, New Delhi.5. Sharma P.D. 2005,
Environmental Microbiology, Narosa Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.Books for Reference
1. Raina Maier M., Iran Pepper L., Charles, P.Gerba, 2000,
Environmental Microbiology, Academic press U.K.2. Alexander
N.Glazer and Hiroshi Nikaido, 1994, Microbial Biotechnology.3.
Special issue on Bioremediation and biodegradation. Indian Journal
of Experimental Biology, September 2003. Vol. 41(9). National
Institute of science communication and Information Resources, CSIR
New Delhi.Plant Biology and Plant BiotechnologyGENETICS, MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY AND DNA TECHNOLOGYUnit - IIntroduction to genetics.Mendels
law of inheritance.Mendelian rationDeviation in Mendalian ratios
due to interallelic interactions - Incomplete dominance,
co-dominance, lethal genes.Deviation in Mendelian ratios due to
gene interactions - Epistasis, Complementary genes, Supplementary
genes and inhibitory genes.Back cross, testcrossLinkage and
crossing over in Eukuryotes.Mechanism and theories regarding
crossing over and. chiasma formation. Recombination - White house's
polaron hybrid DNA exchange model, Gene mappingUnit IISox
determination - chromosome theory, genie balance mechanism, sex
determination in plants. Sex linked inheritance - haemophilia and
colour blindnessMutations - ClassificationGene mutations -
Deletions, Insertions, Substitutions.Polyploidy - Types, causes
significance.
Unit - IIINature of genetic material. Proof to show that DNA is
the genetic material.Replication of DMA - evidences for semi
conservative mode of replication, reverse transcriptionFine
structure of the gene - Cistron, Muton, Recon., Micron.Genetic
Code.Unit - IV Gene regulation in Prokaryotcs - lac - operon and
tryp - operon. Auto regulation and feedback inhibition.Structure of
plasmid, Ti plasmid, PBr322Purification of plasmids - Outline;Unit
- VRestriction enzymes in cloning - Techniques used in recombinant
DNA technology -PAGE. Cloning vectors - construction of chimeric
DNA. Southern blotting.References Books
1. Winchester, A.M. 1967. Genetics. Oxford and IBH Publications,
New Delhi.2. Dinnot, E.W. and Dobzansky, T., 1973. Genetics Tata
McGraw Hill Publication, Philadelphia.3. Gardner, Simmons and
Smustad, 1991. Genetics. (8th ed.) John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New
York.4. Benjamin Lewin 1967. Ganes VI.5. Gupta, P.K.1992 Genetics.(
2nd ed) Rastogi Publiucations, Meerut, India 6. Verma, P.S. and
Agarwal, V.K.Genetics. (11th et) S.Chand & Co., New Delhi.7.
Fredfelder, D.1987. Molecular Biology. (2nd edn.) Jones Dand
Barlehpubl. Inc. Boston, U..S.A.8. Buras, G.W. and Botline, R.J.
1989. The Science of Genetics An Introduction to heredity.
Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. New York, U.S.A. 9. S.Ignacimuthu,
1998. Plant Biotechnolgoy. Oxford & IBH Publ., New Delhi.Plant
Biology and Plant BiotechnologyMICROBIOLOGYUNIT - IMethods of
isolation and culturing of micro-organisms (fungi and bacteria);
Preparation of fungal and bacterial media; Methods of sterilization
of glass wares and media.
UNIT -IIBacteria - structure and reproduction- Transformation
and Conjugation; Classification (Bergey's Manual, 1991; . Grain's
stain. Viruses- structure and reproduction of TMV and
baeteriophages, lytic and lysogenie cycles (Transduction)UNIT -
IIIRole of microbes in industries; industrial production of vinegar
and ethanol. Microbial flora of foods, food spoilage human health
and diseases, afl B.Sc. - Branch V(A) Plant otoxinsUNIT - IVLeather
processing, Vaccines; Live and attenuated vaccines. Edible Vaccine
(banana)UNIT - VMicrobiology of drinking water and waste water;
Purification of drinking water and waste water
treatment.Reference
1. Adams, M.R. and Moss (1966) Food microbiology. New Age
International Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.2. Frazier W.C and West Hoff D.C
1978. Food Microbiology Mc Graw Hill Inc. New York.3. Pelczar, J.
Michael (Jr) Chan E.C.S. and Noel R. Krieg 1993. Microbiology. Tata
Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co. New Delhi.
4. Patel, A.H. 1997. Industrial Microbiology, Macmillan India
Ltd., New Delhi.
5. Prescott and Dunn, 1987 IndustrialMicrobiology. The AVI
Publishing Co. Inc., USA.
6. Mundkur, B.B. 1953. Fungai and Plant diseases Mac Millian
Company Ltd., London.
7. Singh, R.S. III Edition, Principal of Plant Pathology Oxford
IBM, Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. plant biology and plant
biotechnologyMEDICINAL BOTANYHistory definition and scope of
ancient classical systems of medicine.(a) Siddha(b) Ayurvedha (c)
UnaniA detailed study of some of the useful medicinal plants with
regard to(a)Botanical Source (b) Morphology (c) Anatomy(d)Medicinal
Properties and (e) Uses1.Cyanodon dactylon (Arugambul)2.Aloe vera
(Kumari or Sotrukkatrazhi)3. Emblica officmalis (Peru Nelli)
4. Mentha arvensis (mint / Pudina)
5. Allium sativum (Poondu)
UNIT - II
AromatherapyHistory, Role of aroma oils in human life1.Method of
preparation of massage oils2.A brief knowledge about few aroma oils
and carrier oils (base oils)a. Aroma Oils1.Ginger Oil 2.Vetiver Oil
3.Lavender Oil 4.Eucalyptus Oil 5.Sandal wood oilb.Base
oils1.Sesame oil2.Olive oil3.Badam oil4.Coconut oil5.Sunflower
oilUnit - IIIA. General account of poisonous plants and their
medicinal uses.1. Thevetia
2. Datura metel
3. Gloriosa superba
4. Strichos
5. Calotropis
B. Phytochemicals1.Alkaloids-Atropine2.Glueosides
-Hesperidin3.Glycosides -Digitoxin4.Tannins -Cinchona
officinalis
5.Resins
-AsafoetidaUnit - IV1.Herbal Garden (Layout, planning and
designing a herbal garden)2.Growing herbs in containers3.Growing
plants from seeds and seedlings4.Soil Preparation5.Potting and
reporting
Unit - VA general account of: Collection sterilization, drying,
and preservation of Herbal productions.Adulteration of Herbal
Products and detection of adulteration - Method of
adidterationPracticals (i) Study of medicinal plans mentioned in
theory.
2. Identification of medicinal products.
3. Preparation of herbarium any 5 plants.
Reference
1. Somasundaram S. 1977 Medicinal Botany (Maruthuvath
Thavaraiviyal)
2. Agarwal, O.P. 1985. Vol.II. Chemistry or organic-natural
products.
3. Gamblem, J.S. and Fisher 1921, CEC I, II, III Flora of the
Presidency of Madras 3 Volumes.
4. Mathew, K.M. 1988, Flora of the Tamil Nadu Carnatic.
5. Nair, N.C. & Henry A.N., 1983. Flora of Tamil Nadu. India
Botanical Survey of India.6. Chopra, R.N. Chopra, I.C. Handa, K.L.
and Kapur, L.d. 1994. Indigenous drugs of India.
7. Chopra, R.N.Badhuvar, R.L. & Gosh. G. 1965 Poisonous
plants of Indi9a.
8. Wallis. T.E. 1967. Text Book of Pharmacognosy.
9. Mooligi Psugradhu Kuntrathur Ramamoorthy Anusaya
Publication.
10. C.K. Kokate A.P.Purohit Prakasam Pune Pharmacognosy.
11. Penny Rich Panagon Queen Street House 4 Queen Street, UK
Practical Aromatherapy.
12. T.S. Sairam 1998 (4 volumes) Pengun Books. New Delhi. Hom
remedies.
PLANT BIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGYThe course deals about
fermentation processes and importance in industries in order to
obtain useful products from fermentation process.UNIT - IMedia for
industrial fermentation - natural media (soyabean extract broth)
synthetic media (Czapek Dox agar) semisynthetic media (Nutrient
broth), sterilization-heat, radiation, chemicals.UNIT IIDesign of
fermentor (stirred tank fermentor) - basic body construction,
vessels, shakers, aerators, microbial growth in batch and
continuous cultures.UN IT IIIFermentation process-substrate,
glycolysis, anaerobic process, types of fermentation (alcohol,
citric acid, lactic acid)UNIT IVRecovery and purification of
fermented products - Foam separation, precipitation, filtration,
centrifugation, extraction, drying, crystallization.UNIT
VIndustrial production of ethanol, citric acid, amylaseBooks for
referenceBalasubramanian D., Bryce, C.F.A., Dharmaligam K., Green
J. and Kunthala Jayaraman, 1998. Concepts in Biotechnology, Consist
Publication, India.
Dubey, R.C. A textbook of Biotechnology, 2006, S. Chand
Publications, New Delhi.
Agrawal, 2006, Industrial Microbiology. Fundamental and
Applications, M/s.IBD Publications and Distributors, New Delhi.
CONTENTSSEMESTER - 1
Unit - I
Homophones / Slurring of words / Practice in ArticulationUnit -
IITelephone. Skills I Greeting and- Introducing Making requests,
asking far and giving permission Making and handling complaintsUnit
- IIIListening to Talks and description Interpersonal Skills (Art
of Interaction)Unit - IVHeading for information - Newspapers I
Magazines / Articles I Advertisements I Business LettersUnit V
Interview - Facing Interviews, Verbal I Non-Verbal
CommunicationSEMESTER IISoft Skills - Paper II - Drafting
SkillsUnit I - Writing NotesNote - taking and note making,
converting notes into paragraphs I Taking points from books and
lectures.Unit II - Report WritingPreparing Agenda / Minutes of the
/meting, Reporting for a newspaper / Reporting an event.Unit -
III
Curriculum Vitae, Official lettersUnit - IV
Email, Fax and MemosUnit - V
Feedback, QuestionnairesPersonality Development - Paper
IIIPersonality Development
Unit - 1 Introduction
Definition of Personality, need for Personality DevelopmentUnit
- II Self awareness and Self-motivation1. Self analysis through
SWOT2. Seven rules of motivation3. Importance of self-esteem and
enhancement of self-esteemUnit III Positive thinking1. Need for an
open mind2. Goals and techniques for punitive thinking3. To think
big arid win self-confidence4. Traits of positive thinkers and high
achieversUnit - IV - Team Spirit1. Decision, making2. Time
management3. Readiness to face challenges and risks4. Stress
management5. Nurturing creativity6. Ice-BreakingUnit -V Personality
of the New Millennium1. Leadership quality2. How to juggle, both
home and career3. The Empowered woman
Computing Skills - Paper IVBasics of ComputerUnit -
IIntroduction to Computers: Categories of computers hardware
components of a Computer system - software
Computer Applications in Education.Unit - IIMs-Word :
Introduction - Toolbars- Scrolling- Create, save, open and close
Documents- Type, Select, Paste, move and copy text - Print a
document - Formatting - Changing Font Style - Bold, italics,
underline, alter font, Us size and color Align text, alter line and
para spacing, add bullets and number's to system items, Au to
Correct, Page Setup, Paging documents, header and. footers, fix
margins and position text on a page. Find and replace a word in a
document, Spelling and Grammar Tool, Thesaurus. - Tables - Insert
and delete a table, insert and delete rows and Columns in a table,
adjust column width, move and resize a table. Merge and split
cells.Unit IIIMs Excel : Introduction, screen layout. Working with
101 12 Data, open, close & save a spreadsheet, create, formulas
& functions like SUM, AVERAGE, MAX & MIN, page setup &
printing. create, columns and rows move and copy cell contents -
Different types of chart.Unit - IVMs-Powerpoint : Introduction -
Basic Terminology - Application Window Layout - Creating a slide
show, open, save and close a presentation, manipulating slides.
Presenting slide show.Unit - VInternet E-Mail, Netiquette : Basics
of Internet-Browsing. create, send and receive, mails and
Netiquette. PLANT BIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY Unit -I TaxonomyA
general outline of Bentham and Hooker's system of
classificationStudy of the following families:Annonaceae,
Ceasalpinaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Apocynaceae, Amaranthaceac and
Poaceae.Unit - II Economic BotanyFibre-Cotton, Wood - Teak, Oil-
Arachis, Cash-Sugarcane, Cereal - Rice.Unit III Tissue
CultureSterilization , Media preparation [M S], Isolation and
culture of callus and protoplast.Unit -IV Anatomy Structure of cell
wall and pitsTissues- Meristematic and Permanent tissues. Primary
structure of dicot and monocot stem, root and leaf Structure of
normal secondary growth of dicot stem.Unit - V EmbryologyStructure
of mature anther, embryo sac (polygonum type) double
fertilization.Endosperm-nuclear, cellular and helobial types.
(Abrief account only) Structure of dicot embryo.
PLANT BIOLOGY AND PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGYUnit - IA study of general
structure and reproduction of the following taxa: Nostoc, Ulva,
Sargassum. Uses of algae as feed for fishes.Unit - II
Polyporus, Bacteria, viruses, funaria, Lycopodium and cycas.Unit
- IIIPhysiology Structure of chloroplast.uptake of water, Nitrogen
cycleNitrogen fixation. Photosynthesis - light and dark
cycle.Photoperiodism & vernalizationUnit - IV
EcologyCharacteristic features of the of the
followingHydrophytes -e.g. Nymphaea
Mesophytes - e.g. HibiscusXerophytes- e.g. Nerium
Chief Vegetational types of Tamil Nadu and their distribution1.
Evergreen 2.Deciduos 3. Scrub 4. MangroveUnit - V
DNA structure, r DNA technology (plasmid, DNA insertion,
transformation)Reference Books
1. Dutta A.C. 1979 Botany for degree student oxford university
press.
1. Gangulee, Das & Datta College botany Vol I new central
book agency.
2. Narayanaswamy R.V. & Rao. K.V. 1984 outlines of
botany.
3. Rao K.N. Krishnamurthy K.V. & sudakara Rao, G. 1983.
Ancillary Botany
4. Srivasthava H.N. practical Botany Vol. & II.