BOTANY AN OVERVIEW - Dr Nidhi Sharma
BOTANY AN OVERVIEW
- Dr Nidhi Sharma
BOTANY
“Study of plants”
Dr Nidhi Sharma
Includes Bacteria & viruses
Fungi
Algae
Bryophyta
Pteridophyta
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms
Dr Nidhi Sharma
Bacteria
Microscopic 0.2mm or less
Present everywhere
Dr Nidhi Sharma
Products in our day to day life are the result of
bacteria
Curd
Cheese
Antibiotics
Streptomycin
Amoxicillin
Economic importance-Useful aspect
Dr Nidhi Sharma
Diseases in human being
Tuberculosis – Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Syphilis- Tryponema pallidum
Gonorrhoea- Neisseria gonnorhoea
Diphtheria- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Tetanus- Clostridium tetani
Whooping cough- Bordetella pertussis
Anthrax-Bacillus anthracis
Economic importance-Harmful aspect
Dr Nidhi Sharma
Food poisoning (Botulism)-
Clostridium botulinum
Diseases in plants
Citrus canker- Xanthomonas
citri
Dr Nidhi Sharma
Viruses
Causes diseases only in plants &humans
In humans –e.g. cough & cold(caused by 100 differentviruses), measles, mumps, AIDSetc
In plants- e.g. yellow vein mosaicof bhindi, Papaya mosaic, leafroll of papaya etc
Dr Nidhi Sharma
FUNGI
Non green plants
Grow on dead & decaying organic matter and absorb
food from it
Microscopic form to large ones with big fruiting bodies
Common example is mushroom
Microscopic form Macroscopic form
Dr Nidhi Sharma
Forms which you have seen
Edible mushroom
Poisonous mushroom like toadstool
Bread mould-Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor etc
On the leaves of sarso, muli etc as black rounded
spots
Yeast –baking, brewing (bread, beer, wine)
Antibiotics- Penicillin & Cephalosporin
Cheese- Roquefort & Camembert
Dr Nidhi Sharma
In market different
forms of mushroom are
available which are
edible
Packed button mushroom
Truffles
Economic importance- useful aspect
Dr Nidhi Sharma
Soy sauce , tofu,
tempeh , miso
tempeh
tofu
Economic importance- useful aspect
Dr Nidhi Sharma
Ganoderma lucidum
tea, powder, tooth paste
Used in cancer treatment
Economic importance- useful aspect
Dr Nidhi Sharma
Crop diseases- e.g.
potato blight (cause of
irish famine in 1845)
Dandruff in human
beings-Malassezia furfur
Economic importance- harmful aspect
Dr Nidhi Sharma
Athelets foot-Trichophyton sp.
Ring worm-Trichophyton sp.
Economic importance- harmful aspect
Dr Nidhi Sharma
ALGAE
Largest producer of
carbohydrate
Range from microscopic
to giant forms
Some forms are edible
like Ulva (sea lettuce)
Agar agar extracted
from algae Gelidium-
used as a solidifying
agent in culture mediumDr Nidhi Sharma
Sometimes colour
of sea & snow
shows the colour of
algae
(Chamydomonas
nivalis)
Dr Nidhi Sharma
Causes water bloom
(Forms a layer on the
surface of dirty water)
Dr Nidhi Sharma
BRYOPHYTA
Amphibious
plant
Grows on land
as well as water
Marcantia
Anthoceros
Dr Nidhi Sharma
PTERIDOPHYTA
Grows in moist and
shady places.e.g.
Ferns
Lycopodium
Dr Nidhi Sharma
GYMNOSPERMS
Do not produce flowers but form seeds
Seeds are naked. Fruits not formed
E.g. Cycas, Pinus, Ephedra
Terpentine oil is extracted from Pinus
Chilgoza is the seed of Pinusgerardiana
Cycas (sago palm) is a source of sago
Ephedra is a source of medicine Ephedrine
Dr Nidhi Sharma
ANGIOSPERMS
Flowering plants
Produce seeds in fruit
Dr Nidhi Sharma
BRANCHES OF BOTANY
Taxonomy- science that finds, describes, classifies,
identifies, and names plants on the basis of
external features, internal features & showing
relatedness
Anatomy- study of the internal structure of plants.
Embryology- the science of the origin and
formation of new plants
Genetics- studies heredity and variation in plants.
Dr Nidhi Sharma
Ecology- deals with the distribution and abundance of
plants, the interactions among and between members of
plant species and their interaction with their environment.
Physiology- concerned with the functioning or physiology
of plants.
Biochemistry- Deals with the structure, function and
interaction of cellular components such as proteins,
carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and other
biomolecules
Dr Nidhi Sharma
APPLIED BRANCHES
Microbiology- The study of microorganisms.
Plant pathology- The scientific study of disease and itscauses, processes and effects in plants
Experimental embryology
Environmental sciences
Molecular genetics
Biotechnology- Application of scientific and technicaladvances in life science to develop commercial products
Soil science- Study of soil, its formation, classification,physical, chemical, biological and fertility properties ofsoils
Dr Nidhi Sharma
Dr Nidhi Sharma