4/26/2019 Less rainforest, less rain: A cautionary tale from Borneo https://news.mongabay.com/2019/04/less-rainforest-less-rain-a-cautionary-tale-from-borneo/ 1/8 Mongabay Series: Saving Life on Earth: Words on the Wild Less rainforest, less rain: A cautionary tale from Borneo by Jeremy Hance on 23 April 2019 If you flew over the island of Borneo in 1950, you would see nearly unbroken, untouched forest from one end to the other. Of course, there would be villages and cities, roads and trails, but the vast majority of the landscape would be forest. Much your flight might get boring: mangroves on the coast, lowland rainforest across much of the interior, montane forest in the highlands. Some of those forests would be 140 million years old A recent study finds that massive deforestation across Borneo, in large part for oil palm plantations, has led to higher temperatures and less precipitation over the past 60 years. Forests not only provide shade, but create their own rainfall, essentially recycling the freshwater in the soil and vegetation. The local changes in climate could spell trouble for the very crop driving them, and one of Indonesia and Malaysia’s commodities: palm oil. This post is part of “Saving Life on Earth: Words on the Wild,” a monthly column by Jeremy Hance, one of Mongabay’s original staff writers. most lucrative
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4/26/2019 Less rainforest, less rain: A cautionary tale from Borneo
Mongabay Series: Saving Life on Earth: Words on the Wild
Less rainforest, less rain: Acautionary tale fromBorneo
by Jeremy Hance on 23 April 2019
If you flew over the island of Borneo in 1950,
you would see nearly unbroken, untouched
forest from one end to the other. Of course,
there would be villages and cities, roads and
trails, but the vast majority of the landscape
would be forest. Much your flight might get
boring: mangroves on the coast, lowland
rainforest across much of the interior,
montane forest in the highlands. Some of
those forests would be 140 million years old
A recent study finds that massivedeforestation across Borneo, in largepart for oil palm plantations, has ledto higher temperatures and lessprecipitation over the past 60 years.
Forests not only provide shade, butcreate their own rainfall, essentiallyrecycling the freshwater in the soiland vegetation.
The local changes in climate couldspell trouble for the very cropdriving them, and one of Indonesiaand Malaysia’s commodities: palm oil.
This post is part of “Saving Life onEarth: Words on the Wild,” a monthlycolumn by Jeremy Hance, one ofMongabay’s original staff writers.
…And the rainIf sunshine reaches the ground, it generally
heats things up. But what happens to the
sunlight that hits an unbroken forest canopy?
If it’s not turned into heat and it’s not
reflected back into space, then it must be
doing something else. And this is where
clouds and rainfall comes in.
“Typically around half of all the energy from
the sun that hits the Earth’s land goes into
evaporating water rather than heating,” Sheil
says. Forests are “effective structures” at
turning the water stored in their vegetation
and in the soil around their roots into water
vapor by harnessing the sun’s energy, he says.
The Bornean Orangutan is listed as Critically Endangered bythe IUCN Red List, largely due to habitat loss and conflict withhumans working in industrialized agriculture. Photo by:Douglas Sheil.
local temperature
4/26/2019 Less rainforest, less rain: A cautionary tale from Borneo
In 2015, this annual crisis escalated into a full-
blown regional catastrophe: dry conditions and
thousands of intentionally set fires —
sometimes in slow-burning, nearly impossible-
to-extinguish peatlands — led to a blanket of
haze covering much of Southeast Asia, leading
to school closures, widespread respiratory
problems, and estimated economic losses of
$37 billion to $45 billion. A study a year later
estimated that the air pollution likely led to
the premature deaths of 100,000 people, but
the governments have disputed this finding.
The ecological cost was unquantifiable: 2.1
million hectares (5.2 million acres) burned, an
area the size of New Jersey. Who knows how
much wildlife perished in the conflagration?
And past fire begets future fire.
“Once a forest has burned or been cleared it
is much more vulnerable to future fires,” Sheil
says.
Palm oil suicide?All this means that one of Indonesia and
Malaysia’s most important, and controversial,
exports may be undercutting its own viability.
Today, around 30 percent of Indonesian’s palm
oil is produced in Indonesian Kalimantan (the
rest in Sumatra), while about half of Malaysia’s
palm oil is produced in Sabah and Sarawak.
Smoke pouring from peat fires in southeast Borneo caught byModerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onNASA’s Aqua satellite on October 19, 2015. Red outlinesindicate hot spots where the sensor detected unusually warmsurface temperatures associated with fires. ASA image JeffSchmaltz (LANCE MODIS Rapid Response) and Adam Voiland(NASA Observatory).Earth
4/26/2019 Less rainforest, less rain: A cautionary tale from Borneo