Boreal Plant Breeding and Raisioagro Maize breeding, production and cultivation in Nordic conditions. Ole Schmidt March 2014
Boreal Plant Breeding
and Raisioagro
Maize breeding, production and
cultivation in Nordic conditions.
Ole Schmidt March 2014
Groupe Limagrain
3,500 co-op members
8,200 employees worldwide
(including 1,450 in Auvergne)
€1,939 M sales in 2013
(including €385 M in Auvergne)
1,750 employees in research
(including > 200 in Auvergne)
4th largest seed company
in the world
2nd largest in the world
for Vegetable Seeds
5th largest in the world and
No. 1 in Europe for Field Seeds
No. 1 in Europe
for seed packets (Consumer)
Seeds
Our sectors
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Breeding Organisation Limagrain MAIN FIGURES EUROPE (all crops)
• 33 research centers
- 14 maize (including winter nurseries)
- 12 cereals/rapeseed
- 4 sunflower
- 3 labs (Molecular markers/Biotech)
• Budget: 13 % of turnover
• More than 1 million plots (all crops)
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4
W
4W 4E 4W 4E 4E 4
W
7
1
3
2
4E
6 5
7
7
4W
Limagrain Majsbreeding in Europe
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Single Cross Hybrid
flint-dent
Inbredline
flint
Inbredline
dent
Maize: hybrid-varieties Heterosis
Seed quality, Coldtest and Earliness Important Features for maize seed
• Earliness
• Seed quality
• Feed value
• Yield and stability
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Hybrid choice
Earliness
• Earliness must suit the location
• Coldtolerance
• Spring development/early vigouer
Vælg sorter med rette tidlighed
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FAO 210
FAO 160-200
FAO <180
FAO 160-210
Vigtigt at tage i betragtning
• Kystnärhet
• Höjde o. havet
• Vindforhold
• Frostrisiko forår og høst
Spring development
Under foot fertilizer at planting is important
Hybrid choice
Seed quality
• LG Coldtest – treated seeds
– 7 days at 9 degrees
– 3 days at 25 degrees
– Substrate is soil from maize field
– Only normal germs counts
• Also test of
– vitality
– physiologic ageing of the seeds
• For untreated seed the cold test is performed
on untreated seeds
- the only seed producer doing this
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Plant component Plant share Digestibility Energy part
Starch 28-42% 98% 45-55%
Remaing cell content(sugars, proteins, fats, remainder)
14-20% 85% 20-30%
Cell wall 40-50% 56% 20-30%
Progress to make
We grow maize for the energy to the milk production! -But do not forget the importance of high fiber quality
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Feeding of the rumen is first of all feeding of the rumen bacterias The bacterias should feel well – they are sensitive to alternating feed sources and fluctuations in pH. High amounts of starch fed
over a short period, will cause a drastic drop in pH.
stivelse cellevægge
6 7 5
pH
Maize => Starch and digestible fibers (cell walls)
Stimulates rumen funktion
Important energy source Minimizes the risk of acidosis Enhances the health of the cow
Provides yield stability and security
Energy ”engine” in maize
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High FK NDF = more milk
Maize type low NDF-FK high NDF-FK low NDF-FK high NDF-FK
Harvest time early early late late
Feed intake kg pr. day
DM total 20,1 21,2 20,6 23,8
Maize sil. 11,7 12,3 12,0 13,8
FE pr. day 17,9 20,4 18,1 23,1
Milk kg pr.day 31,9 36,0 31,5 37,0
ECM kg pr.day 31,0 33,5 29,3 34,1
Source: DJF report ”Majsensilage til malkekøer”
Husdyrbrug nr. 65 august 2005, Martin Weisbjerg
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LG maize hybrids
• Hybrids with fokus on:
– Top yield
– Maximum fiber quality ”FK NDF”
– Seed quality – the best on the market
• LG Animal Nutrition
– For highest possible milk yields!
www.lgseeds.dk
Choose maize hybrids with highest feed value
FEED VALUE = STARCH + digestible FIBERS
– Underlining the hybrids with the best feed quality !
– To the dairy farmer
– Maize hybrids with the best agronomics
– Maize hybrids with the best feed quality and economy
Easier to choose hybrids
LG ANIMAL NUTRITION - a European succes
Ungarn :
+0,6-0,9 kg per
cowday.
Institutexperiment.
Polen:
+ 1,5 kg per
cow/day.
Institutf experiment.
Danmark:
Trials at KFC Foulum:
0,25 kg milk/cow
extra a day for every
1% higher FK-NDF –
better fiber quality.
Frankrig :
+ 0,6-2,5 kg per
cow/day.
Many practical
experiences
Holland :
+0,5 kg per cow/day.
Institut experiement.
The LG Animal Nutrition Maize Hybrids in Denmark
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Landsforsøgene 2012-13
20
Destiny
Beethoven
Artist
Activate Ambition
Arcade
Glory
NK Jasmic
Severus
Ramirez
Keen Sergio
Augustus
SY Milkytop
SY Comandor
Exxtens
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
25,0 26,0 27,0 28,0 29,0 30,0 31,0 32,0 33,0 34,0 35,0
Dry
ma
tte
r yie
ld,
re
l.
Dry matter %
2013 - Middle Sweden - Dry matter yield
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Destiny
Beethoven
Artist Activate
Ambition
Arcade
Glory
NK Jasmic
Severus
Ramirez
Keen
Sergio
Augustus
SY Milkytop
SY Comandor
Exxtens
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
25,0 26,0 27,0 28,0 29,0 30,0 31,0 32,0 33,0 34,0 35,0
Sta
rch
yie
ld,
re
l.
Dry matter, %
2013 - Middle Sweden - Starch yield
22
Destiny
Beethoven
Artist Activate
Ambition
Arcade
Glory
NK Jasmic
Severus
Ramirez
Keen
Sergio
Augustus
SY Milkytop
SY Comandor
Exxtens
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105
Sta
rch
yie
ld,
re
l.
Dry matter yield, rel.
2013 - Middle Sweden - Starch yield - Dry matter yield
23
Destiny
Beethoven
Artist
Activate
Ambition
Arcade Glory
NK Jasmic
Severus
Ramirez
Keen
Sergio
Augustus
SY Milkytop
SY Comandor
Exxtens
17
17,5
18
18,5
19
19,5
20
20,5
21
21,5
22
65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115
iND
F, %
of
ND
F
Starch yield, rel.
2013 - Middle Sweden - iNDF % - Starch yield
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Destiny
Beethoven
Artist
Activate
Ambition Arcade
Glory
NK Jasmic
Severus
Ramirez
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
22 24 26 28 30 32
Sta
rch
yie
ld,
rel
Starch content, % of dry matter
2012-2013 Middle Sweden - Starch yield/starch content
25
Destiny
Beethoven
Artist
Activate
Ambition
Arcade
Glory
NK Jasmic
Severus
Ramirez
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
22 24 26 28 30 32
Dry
ma
tte
r yie
ld,
rel
Starch content, % of dry matter
2012-2013 Middle Sweden - Dry matter yield/starch content
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Maize in Denmark
• 198.000 ha – 160.000 ha silage maize
– 25.000 ha cob-silage
– 13.000 ha grain maize
• 90 % of the acreage is fertilized with manure/slurry
• Slurry must be incorporated in the soil in the same
drive (before sowing)
• 80-90% of the acreage is plowed
• Sowing is often a contractor-job
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Sowing time and technique
• Sowing when soil temp is 8 0C or more
– And a forecast of steady warm weather for a week
– The maize needs 8-10 days to emerge at this time of the year
and the seedling has to emerge above soil, before rain or cold
weather sets in
• Sowing depth
– 3-6 cm but 4 cm er optimum – always in moist soil.
– Start-up fertilizer is compulsory in cold regions
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Fertilization of silage maize in DK • Start-up fertilizer (under foot) is compulsory
– N og P very important ! • Always 30 – 50 kg N/ha – improves spring development
• 5 – 20 kg P/ha – improve root growth + cold tolerance – P depending on the soil phosphorous status
• N-total application in Danmark
• Low N-need after clover grass lay
– (often only 50%)
– Remember potash K fertilization
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Yield
Tons ts/ha
Kg N/ha Soil type Optimal
N/ha (ca)
10,3 149 Sand 171
11,4 162 Sand irrigated 186
11,3 139 Med soil – JB 5-6 160
11,9 154 Clay 177
Potash
• Potash (K) fertilization
– Potash need is as a general rule the same as
nitrogen need in kg/ha
- appr. 9 g K pr. kg DM harvested
• Lack of potash:
– Reduces the water holding capacity in the
plant – important on sandy soils
– Causes hanging short cobs
– ”Empty” cob-tips
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Plant densities silage maize
Plats 1 Silagemaize Atrium 105.000 Plats 2 Silagemaize Beethoven 105.000 Plats 3 Silagemaize Award 100.000
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• Plant density must fit the hybrid maturity and the location • Warm fields/areas max. 100.000 pl/ha
• Medium fields/areas 90-100.000 pl/ha
• Cold areas light soils max. 80-90.000 pl/ha
”Lantmannens majstävling 2009” – plant density for top 3
Limagrain won :
Combination of strong hybrids, strategy and higher plant density
Plant density – danish trials
• Row planting / precission seeding – Less seed needed, higher feed quality, normally higher yields
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Optimal plantetal
Maize, weeds and catch crops
• Weeds
– 1. treatment 15-25 days after planting on very small weed plants
– 2. treatment 10-14 days later
– 3. treatment can be nescessary – look carefully or late emerging
weeds
• 1. chemical treatment followed up by 1 mechanic
weeding
– At the same time a nitrogen catch crops (grass) is very common
and will even more required by government in the future
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Best practices
• Choose hybrids with correct earliness
– Too early is much better than too late
• Heat up the seed beed in the spring by plowing and applying slurry
• Plant as soon as soil temp is +8O and weather forecast good Density 80.000 to 90.000 plants per hektar
• The maize seedling must emerge before cold weather sets in, 9-11 days is needed
• Always use NP start-up fertilizer: 30-50 kg N og 5-20 kg P – Most P at low P content in the soil and after cerials
• Weed control must be done in time – Use a clean sprayer with out chemical left-overs
– Avoid high sulfonylurea dosages on hot sunny days with cold nights
Climate Finland
Choose the best locations
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Yield 2011-2013 - FINLAND
2011 2012 2013 2013 2013
kg DM/ha rel. kg DM/ha rel. kg DM/ha rel.
Dry matter,
%
Plant
hight, cm
Activate 14568 110 6992 87 8440 112 26,4 208
Ambition 13692 103 6583 82 7376 98 23,0 215
Arcade 13445 101 7282 91 7116 94 24,0 206
Artist 12412 94 9562 119 7151 95 23,5 206
Yukon 13492 102 6856 85 7459 99 22,5 228
Glory 7594 101 26,0 213
Sunlite 6573 87 21,0 210
Emperor 6931 92 19,4 222
Fieldstar 7421 98 25,2 214
Emblem 7485 99 22,6 215
Destiny 8913 118 24,4 221
Monty 8144 108 23,0 213
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39
Activate
Yukon
Artist
Glory
Sunlite
Arcade 162/83
Fieldstar Emblem
Destiny
Ambition
Monty
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
18,0 19,0 20,0 21,0 22,0 23,0 24,0 25,0 26,0 27,0 28,0
Dry
ma
tte
r yie
ld,
rela
tive
Dry matter content at harvest, %
2013 Finland
Thank you for your attention