Booklet_Eufralab

B u i l d i n g a P u b l i c E u r o p e a n I n f r a s t r u c t u r e

European Infrastructure Laboratory

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European Infrastructure Laboratory Keizersgracht 644-4 Amsterdam www.eufralab.eu [email protected]+31 6 282 79 702

CONTENT

GENERAL 4 abstract opportunity relevance goals proposal audience

APPROACH 10 scaling interdisciplinarynetworks methodologies participatorystrategies transparencyandpublicness

ORGANIZATION 16 partners clients audience

AGENDA 18

BUDGET 22

SOURCES 26

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ABSTRACTThe European Infrastructure Lab investigates how the coming surge in European infrastructure development, as part of the Trans European Networks (TENs), can contribute to the creation of a European public sphere and establish the foundation for sustainable spatial development.The basic premise is that the prospective territorial transformation the European continent is currently dominated by a discourse about logistics, but that an integral perspective on the spatial opportunities and consequences of this infrastructure are underdeveloped. A democratic EU necessitates a public sphere that facilitates exchange within the EU’s heterogeneous cultural, linguistic, legislative, geographic and economic territory. While creating such a public sphere is obviously contingent on many factors, the Eufralab has identified infrastructure as a promising medium to develop a European culture and identity. Because Infrastructure is the physical and material counterpart of Europe’s complex process of political integration it has the potential to redefine new ecological, societal, and economic paradigms that will structure our built environment for the 21st century. The European Infrastructure Lab though a collaborative design research and actions seeks to develop this agenda at a European level through design agency.

Nation-states + Infrastructure = Europe

Infrastructure as the insti-gator of a European public sphere

+ =

PUBLIC SPHERE

INFRASTRUCTURE

EUROPE

GENERAL

OPPORTUNITYAfter a decade of preparation the TEN set up an executive arm in 2006 to realize the TENs network. The coming decades infrastructural development will be even more important because:• A lot of post-War infrastructure is deteriorating and has been scheduled and budgeted for replacement or modification. • The ambitions in Europe to be one of the most innovative and sustainable continents in the world requires a new era of infrastructure. These ambitions present a massive design challenge.• The current economic crisis aligns national governments and the EU on few topics but the infrastructural one. Infrastructure development is a durable way to keep the economy running and people employed. Both the nation-states and the EU have political agenda’s that have vested interest in developing new infrastructure.

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RELEVANCEInfrastructural development without exception creates a lot of polarization among supporters and critics. Such resistance is part of a healthy democracy, but is often exacerbated through untactful preparation and outreach to stakeholders. The Lab’s engagement in preliminary participatory workshops across the TENs network will focus on discussing the tensions between local particularities and European ambitions and stage this dialogue publically. The Eufralab is thus invested in finding how this can best become meaningful for a European society and citizens. Secondly, the lab promotes and investigates the opportunity the TENs offer to redefine urban development on the foundation of sustainable infrastructural systems.

TEN-T Network

GOALSThe European Infrastructure Lab has identified the following critical goals regarding EU infrastructure:A. Improvement of planning and implementation strategies that aim to include a European public in the defining and conceptualizing of European Infrastructure.B. Creation of inter- disciplinary and institutional platforms that facilitate professional collaborations between institutions in various nation-states.C. Technical and programmatic innovations for sustainible infrastructure design.

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TEN-T Network:Work in progress

European Infrastructure LabWordCloud

PROPOSALWhile the EU’s economic and political struggles dominate the media, massive public resources are being spent on the physical integration of the nation-states through one of the biggest infrastructure developments in history: the Trans European Network. The TENs include, rail, road, waterway, aviation (TEN-T), energy (TEN-E), and communication infrastructure (e-TEN) that is envisioned to improve “the smooth functioning of the internal market and for ensuring economic, social and territorial cohesion and improved accessibility across the EU.”1 Between 2000 and 2006 859 billion euro’s was spent on improving or expanding various connections within the Union and between 2010 and 2030 another 1.5 trillion is budgeted for works.2 Despite the expected economic, environmental, and social impact, the TENs remain virtually unknown with a general European public. Articulating the cultural meaning of this massive public investment in the physical transformation of the EU provides an important opportunity to make Europe more tangible and desirable for it’s citizens. The goals set by the European Infrastructure

logistics mobilityintegration

cultureriskpublic

pluralism

politics

democracy communication

economyflooding

sustainiblepollution

standards

biodiversity

diversity

interdisciplinary

collaboration

research

innovation

migration

media

design

european infrastructure

How can innovative infrastructure be achieved?

How can a European Public be engaged in European Infrastructure?

How can Infrastructure contribute to institutional integration?

laboratory

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Lab can be achieved through several types of action the Eufralab will initiate.1. Local design Agency: through project based engagement the Lab will organize and initiate several workshops that investigate the interregional potential of infrastructure projects through engaging local stakeholders in this often overseen dimension of locally implemented infrastructure.2. Through academic inquiry students from various European universities will collaborate on real challenges the TENs provide. More evocative conjectures and inquiries can form a base for innovation and communicate of the TENs potentials .3. The work that will be produced in 1 and 2 will be translated for various audiences in order to engage a European public in the physical integration of the Europe.

1 10 EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2011. Union guidelines for the development of the trans-European transport network. In: COMMIS-

SION, E. (ed.). Brussels: COM(2011) 650/2. (pg 2.)

2 11 EUROPEAN COMMISSION 2011. WHITEPAPER - Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area, Brussels (pg.4)

Local Design Agencyworkshopssite visitsinterdisciplinary collaborationsregional planninginstitutional alignmentdesign proposals

design studio’sphd researchexchange programsproject assistanceidea competitionsinterregional exchange

exhibitionssocial mediapublicationssymposiabienales

Design Research

Cultural Media

geo

mo

rpho

lgy

glo

bal

netw

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conn

ubra

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Infrastructure is the physical and materialcounterpart of Europe’s complex processof political integration. As such, it hasthe potential to redefine new ecological,societal, and economic paradigms that willstructure our built environment for the 21stcentury.Therefore,itshouldbetheEU’schiefconcerntodevelopinfrastructureinaexplicit,transparent,anddemocraticway.

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SCALINGThrough technological innovations the world has become integrated to the extent that conventional concepts of scale are limiting our ability to understand causal relationships.1 To deal with this the diagram on the opposite page represents scale is not conceived as a sequence of sizes ( as Russian-doll or GoogleEarth would suggest) but rather as dynamic connections between human action, objects, and systems. This connection is neither bottom up or top down but can be seen as a tension field, wherein the focus can shift according to new occurrences actions, and connections. As such, the European Infrastructure creates new scales by forging new collaborations throughout Europe.

INTERDISCIPLINARY NETWORKSInfrastructure consists of large investments and physical transformations with a lot of unpredictable consequences. Because of this The European Infrastructure Lab necessarily acts as an interdisciplinary body which assembles relevant parties on an ad hoc basis according to the project or questions at hand. Through structurally documenting empirical evidence created through interdisciplinary engagements a depository of knowledge will be developed that can lead to innovative hybrid solutions. This knowledge will be readily available and widely published. To start, a general network will be constructed through a series of interviews and workshops with a broad selection of experts engaged in progressive and innovative infrastructure research and development in Europe.

METHODOLOGY THEORIESThe methodology of the European Infrastructure lab is based on methodologies from various disciplines. Actor Network Theory (ANT) from sociology seeks to create a dynamic understanding of scale based on human agency in relations to objects and things in order to avoid technological ambitions and innovations to become dissociated with relevant scoial issues and existing institutions.2 Systemic design from landscape architecture3 has investigated how projects can tap into large ecological and material systems such a hydrology, waste, energy and seeks to identify places of intervention that will have maximum impact. For this an unconventional concept of scale is used. Traditional conceptual design studies from architecture are used to test conjectures, hypothesis, and synthetic outcomes that follow from theoretical research and interdisciplinary collaboration on real cases within the TENs.4 Together these scientific methodologies aim to create empirical evidence on how infrastructure can be socially and culturally relevant within a dynamic conception of scale. 1 HADI-JAZAIRY, E. 2011. New Geogrphies 4 - Scales of the Earth, Cambridge, Harvard University Press.(pg. 1)

2 LATOUR, B. 2005. Reassembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor-Network-Theory Oxford, Oxford University Press.

3 BERGER, A., SIJMONS, D. & WOUTER MIKMAK FOUNDATION. 2009. Systematic design © can change the world, Amsterdam,SUN

4 HERTZBERGER, H. 2002. Creating space of thought. In: JONG, T. M. D. & VOORDT, D. J. M. V. D. (eds.) Ways to study and re-

search; urban architectural, and technical design. Delft: DUP Science.

APPROACH

GovernancePolity

AcademicResearch

PrivateExecutive

MediaCommunication

DesignIntegration

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European Expert Network

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rail road communication waterway energy

Mediterranean Corridor

E30 - AMS-Warschauw

Rhine Danube

scales

corridors/vectors

regions

nodes

system

public

interests

instiutions

organizations

objects

symposia

mediaexhibitionspublications

workshops

GovernancePolity

AcademicResearch

PrivateExecutive

MediaCommunication

DesignIntegration

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Methodology DiagramThrough engagement in various scales of the TENs. The Eufralab creates new European links through its engagements transferring knowledge from various sites exchanging best case practices.

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PARTICIPATORY STRATEGIESThe European Infrastructure Lab consistently seeks to work in participation with nonexpert stakeholders. Dissent and protests against recent infrastructure projects in Europe are reactions to the opacity of current planning processes which has become the undesired norm.The European Infrastructure Lab at an early stage will develop formats and methods to create contact through participation from a general public. Besides providing professionals with data about relevant issues, such a strategy will make the planning process more efficient and create more support among citizens. These processes are fundamental for the creation of a democratic infrastructure.

TRANSPARENCY AND PUBLICNESSPublicness is one of the main concerns of the Lab. Currently the EU’s operations are opaque and impenetrable which is part of the reason why the EU has lost a lot of public support over the last years. The lab sees a an important role in translating how policy and designs are made; how people can contribute; and what the goals of various stakeholders are in relation to European infrastructure. This translation will use various media to reach out to different audiences and start elaborating the public role of European Infrastructure.The lab after such consultation seeks to inform professional engagement with this public input.

Proffesional Design input

Public input

Flexibility in project definiton

Cost to change design

STRATEGY DESIGN IMPLEMENTATION USEParticipatory strategyIn first stages an open-ended position is taken. After consulting various parties an defining conflicting positions and bottlenecks, experts will define a design agenda that is knowledgeable of local as well as regional conditions.

Public Input to Expert NetworkTo overcome the technocratic character of infrastructure and the EU. Public consultations in anticipation of infrastructural development can re-position the role of infrastructure in Europe

GovernancePolity

AcademicResearch

PrivateExecutive

MediaCommunication

DesignIntegration

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FLOODING POLLUTION TRADE RECREATION IRRIGATION ENERGY HABITAT

LOCAL

NATIONAL

REGIONAL

GLOBAL

EUROPE

PROJECT

Example is applied to Rhine-Danube waterway

Stakeholders / InstitutionsInfrastructural development assembles various stakeholders at different scales and from different perspectives. Instead of seeing this as a problem it should be the absolute starting point in defining the agenda of a development. Frictions can become design challenges.

Matters of concernOut of the previous negotiations several matters of concern can be defined which can be the base of a project. This will often mean that two apparently antagonistic concerns have to be addressed within on e design.

Local spatial strategyThe cultural, ecological, economic, legal, and many other conditions of a specific location will determine how the matters of concern play out spatially. In this transition, when ideas become spatial, a more tangible and visual reality of abstract through is produced.

Regional spatial systemsWhile each locality has its own particularities, regional and international systems that can be ecological and technical but also sociocultural.

Rhine-Danube - Europe’s Liquid Commons - Integral PlanningThe European Infrastructure lab is engaged in the investigation of the Rhine Danube waterway as a conceptual conduit for a European Commons. Through the construction of an infrastructure that can inspire a European culture while respecting the various landscapes, ecologies and cultures along the waterway’s path a European built environment can be realized. The physical as well as the social transformation this will entail are both projects of the Eufralab.

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Working within the EU and it various nation-states requires an agile organisational structure. Additionally, because the lab aspires to assemble talented professionals from various fields and different institutions across Europe a certain caution has to taken regarding overhead costs that can grow incrementally if action is not limited to the bare necessities. The European Infrastructure Lab is therefore a platform between many existing institutions, companies, and individuals that initiates projects and assemble teams on an ad hoc basis. In this manner institutional restrictions and costs are limited. The organizations activities therefore can be defined as assembling relevant thinkers around projects, acquiring funding, tendering projects, and making sure the production and distribution of end-content is taken care of. As such, the European Infrastructure Lab tries to minimize overhead and acts only when and where needed.The lab is legally formed as a foundation. This means the organization is overseen by a board of directors to be selected from the previously mentioned network and does not make profit itself.

PARTNERSCurrently the European Infrastructure Lab is consolidating its network and seeking contact with experts in the field. Currently various universities and private partners are contributing in various ways through sharing information and preparing for more structural collaboration.

ORGANIZATION

Eufralab ParnersPrivate and public institutions

space&matter

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Organization chart

GovernancePolity

AcademicResearch

PrivateExecutive

MediaCommunication

DesignIntegration

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EU Gov.National GovernmentRegional GovernmentTransNational InstitutionMunicipalityPublic Action GroupsPrivate InvestorsIndependent Research

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CLI

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deliv

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ResearchProjects SymposiaPublicationsConsultancyMediaCompetitionsWorkshopsWebplatform

- Explore potentials - Research Technical Options - Clarify Political Options - Forge social alliances - Impact assesment - Develop strategy (financial - social)

CLIENTSGiven the focus on infrastructure and public interest, the majority of the labs clients will be public institutions such as municipalities, national agencies, and EU agencies.However, given recent tendencies of private investment in infrastructure we do not exempt collaboration with private entities.

AUDIENCEThe European Infrastructure Lab will create content for a professional and a general public audience: The professional group includes engineers, policy-makers, designers, environmentalists, investors etc. For this group it seeks to develop interdisciplinary agenda’s, technical innovations, and collaborative design methods. This audience will be reached through web, publications, workshops and symposia. For a the general European public a media strategy will be devised to reach out to people across the union. Through exhibitions, publications, symposia and social media content will be customized to various audiences.

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start

DEC JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUl AUG

- Prepare Project Proposal- Contact Network- Negotiate Institutional collaborations- Apply Grants- Identitfy projects

Pre-faceThesis research

MIT/Harvard

- Formalize network (Institutional and Private)- Develop collaborative strategy/methodology- Interview experts- Negotiatie funding from EU- Design and Launch Website- Establish Insitutional Collaborations (TU Delft, Urban Institute, KU Leuven)

- Publish Articles (A10, Jola, Architect-enweb, Monu)- Expand network (Institutional and Personal)- Workshop - NoviSad - Roemania- Set up more Case studies

- Symposium - Interdisciplinary Design Studio’s at European Design Universities- Exhibition- More projects with private groups

- PHD Track at various European Design Universities- Symposium- European Design competition - Consult projects- Exhibitions- Projects

- Consult projects- Publish- Exhibitions- Symposium- European Design competition

preliminary initiation

StartUp phase

2011 20132012 2014 2015

PRELIMINARYThe preliminary phase, which took place during 2011 and involved historical research, literature review, and documentation of relevant experts and projects. Based out of this research the necessity for an integrative lab was defined.

INITIATIONIn 2012 the first actions will consist out of series of interviews with the previously mentioned experts, and general establishment of networks, projects and collaborators.Accompanying these interviews analysis of several case studies will give a complementary perspective rooted in more pragmatic considerations. Subsequent workshops and lectures will be held to create more synthetic arguments from previous work. Workshops at locations of complex infrastructure developments in Serbia and Romania have already been planned for 2012. The generated content will be used for several publications in journals and online around April 2012.During the beginning of 2012 a website will be launched, legal formalities regarding the organization will be arranged, and organisational format will be formalized.

AGENDA

TimeframeTentative agenda

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ESTABLISHIn the second phases collaborations between various universities and private companies will be set up to develop more structural collaborations and project based content.After the summer of 2012 through 2013, the plan is to start design studios at several universities across Europe, and engage in real projects through with design collaborations with private practices.A symposium will be organized where findings are presented, exchange between professionals takes place and agenda’s for the next phase are defined.The product of all these workshops will be exhibited in a travelling exposition.

EXPANDFrom 2014 the plan is to expand with Master and PhD tracks at several universities, a pan-European design competition, biënalle exhibitions, symposia, media campaigns, while obviously continuing the previously mentioned work.

GENERAL APPLICATION OF METHODOLOGYIn more practical terms the European Infrastructure Lab will:• First create a interdisciplinary network of experts (policy makers, sociologists, ecologists, urban research, planners, designers, social media experts).• Identify projects within the TENs that are surrounded by transnational interests. These projects will form case-studies which create empirical evidence on: - How infrastructure’s public role can best be articulated through methodological engagement with local actors. - How planning processes can be made more efficient and transparent - What the spatial conflicts of different interest groups are and how these might be solved through integral design. - How such projects (might) create international connections and collaboration. • Set up design collaborations across the EU related to projects and themes.• Create synthetic knowledge is through the organization of the interdisciplinary workshop, where insights from the previous endeavours are combined.• Production of design studies, ranging from more evocative conjectures to realistic design studies that test the synthetic ideas spatially and visually.• Production of publications for a professional audience with more academic focus.• Production of publications for a general public with more evocative images and content.

Ultimately, these activities will be expanded with symposia, events, exhibitions, design competitions, biennials, and media campaigns.

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EXAMPLE Re-mappingEurope

Roadmap 2050: A practical guide to a prosperous, low-carbon Europe OMA/AMORoadmap 2050: A practical guide to a prosperous, low-carbon Europe

2050 EUROPEAN ENERGY GRID

Making maps historically has been a way tool to redefine and promote new territorial di-visions of power. While today’s nation-state division is often taken for granted this is a relatively recent division. After initiation of this division during the treaty of westphalia in 1812 a proliferation of maps was used to engrain a new idea of Europe divided into nation-states as the ultimate political unit in the minds of all citizens.Recently, reemergences of such maps are her-alding new ways of looking at Europe.The European Infrastructure Lab to investi-gate this tendency and define how such strat-egies can best be used, not as mere agents of propaganda, but as tools to facilitate debate and public dialogue.

Europe’swatersheds,Eufralab

EuropeEnergyRegions,AMO

Europeasavillage,TDArchitects

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EXAMPLE NOVISAD

NOVISAD BUCARESTROTTERDAM COLOGNE FRANKFURT

0 250 500 750 1000

0

50

100

150

200

250

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NUREMBERG WIEN BUDAPEST BELGRADO COSTANTABRATISLAVALINZMAINZDUSSELDORF

1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 2750 3000 3250

Rhein Main RMD-Canal Danube

Sources:

URBAN FORM

INDUSTRY

INTERMODAL OPPOR-TUNITYWATERWAY

FREIGHT TRAIN NET-WORK

MAJOR HIGHWAY

RIVER MODIFICATION NEEDED

The Rhine-Danube waterway is the TENs priority project 18 and connects 9 inland countries between the North Sea and the Baltic. The waterway is conceptually appealing and gives Europe and tangible gestalt beyond the nation-state division. At certain points the waterway intersects with rail, and road infrastructure forming the epitome of an inter-modal nodes on the TENs network. Currently, these nodes are positioned in the periphery of our cities and often intentionally hidden form the public eye. While historically such intersections lay at the foundation of cities, today it is less clear how such places can contribute to a civic structure ans experience of our cities.Novisad, a city in Serbia, is an interesting example where EU ascension and the integration of its inter-modal infrastructure into the TENs network are on the agenda. How can such a node where various interests come together be designed so that it:- Integrates various local projects such as flood defence, recreational facilities, waste water facilities, and the creation of new industry.- Alludes to the larger European system it is parts of ?These questions require design and development strategies, which the Eufralab will promote and engage with. In march 2012 the Lab will be part of a three day workshop in Novisad. We have been invited to posit the prospective urbans transformation of NoviSad within a regional perspective.

Rhine-Danube Intermodal Nodes onTEN-t priority project 18

23FLOODING RECREATION HABITAT ENERGY TRADE

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EXAMPLE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY

Aerial photograph will be used to document the impact of Europe’s changing landscape as a result of its physical integration. An aerial oblique perspective allows to explicitly show the relationship between the city centre and the infrastructural hinterland. This relationship has been often obscured in favour of a discourse about pedestrian urbanity and walkable cities. The impact of these dense urban centres have on the surrounding landscape is preferably forgotten or neglected.Oblique aerial views show how the urban/suburban/region distinction that dominated planning standards has structurally obscure the manner in which we design our cities.With the massive infrastructural expansion within the EU, we seek to expose these relationships and develop ways of integratively designing the spaces, in order to produce a sustainible urban environment.

Alex MacleanAerial Photography of American Suburbia

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LITERATUREArendt, Hannah. The Human Condition. Garden City, N. Y.,: Doubleday, 1959.Aureli, Pier Vittorio. Brussels, a Manifesto : Towards the Capital of Europe. Edited by Berlage Instituut. Rotterdam | Brussels: NAi Publishers, 2007.Bauman, Zygmunt. Community : Seeking Safety in an Insecure World. CambridgeMalden, MA: Polity ;, 2001.Beck, Ulrich. Edgar Grande, and Ciaran Cronin. Cosmopolitan Europe. Cambridge ; Malden, Mass.: Polity Press, 2007.Berger, Alan, Dirk Sijmons, and Wouter Mikmak Foundation. Systematic Design © Can Change the World ; Utopia’s Practical Cousin. Amsterdam, Baarn: SUN ;Wouter Mikmak Foundation, 2009.Berlin, Isaiah, Henry Hardy, and Roger Hausheer. The Proper Study of Mankind : An Anthology of Essays. London: Chatto & Windus, 1997.Blackbourn, David. The Conquest of Nature : Water, Landscape, and the Making of Modern Ger-many. 1st American ed. New York: Norton, 2006.Brenner, Neil. “Building ‘Euro-Regions’ Locational Politics and the Political Geography of Neo-liberlaism in Post-Unification Germany.” NYU - European Urban and Regional Studies (2000).Brix, Michael. Main-Donau-Kanal : Ersatzlandschaft Im Altmühltal. München: Callwey, 1988.Bryson, Bill. Main-Danube Canal--Linking Europe’s Waterways,. 31 vols. Vol. 2, National Geo-graphic August 1992.Cioc, Mark. The Rhine : An Eco-Biography, 1815-2000. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2002.Commission, European. “Ten – T Trans-European Transport Network.” edited by Directorate General for Energy and Transport. Brussels, 2008.Danforth, Kenneth. “Europe: Charlemagne’s Dream.” The Atlantic, 1991.Disco, Cornelis. “Delta Blues.” Technology and Culture 47, no. 2 (2006): 7.———. “Taming the Rhine: Economic Connection and Urban Competition.” In Urban Machin-ery : Inside Modern European Cities, edited by Mikael Hård and Thomas J. Misa, viii, 351 p. Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press, 2008.———. “Tensions of Europe/Inveting Europe.” In The Hidden Integration of Europe: Technolo-gies and Transnational Commons. Eindhoven, 2008.Froehlich-Schmitt, Barbara. “Slamon Rhine 2020.” edited by Dr. Anne Schulte-Wülwer-Leidig. Koblenz: International Commision for the Protection of the Rhine, 2004.Ghosn, Rania, and Harvard University. Graduate School of Design. New Geographies. 2, Land-scapes of Energy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Graduate School of Design : Harvard University Press [distributor], 2009.Gottmann, Jean. Megalopolis; the Urbanized Northeastern Seaboard of the United States. New York,: Twentieth Century Fund, 1961.Gregotti, Vittorio. “The Form of the Territory.” In On Territories, edited by Klaske Havik Tom Avermaete, 7-22. Delft NAi Publisher, 1981.Habermas, Jürgen. Europe : The Faltering Project. English ed. Cambridge ; Malden, MA: Polity, 2009.———. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere : An Inquiry into a Category of Bour-geois Society. 1st MIT Press pbk. ed. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1991.Hajer, Maarten A., and Arnold Reijndorp. In Search of New Public Domain : Analysis and Strat-egy. RotterdamNew York: NAi Publishers Hoek, M. P. van der, ed. Handbook of Public Administration and Policy in the European Union, Public Administration and Policy. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press - Taylor and Francis Group, 2005.Latour, Bruno, and Peter Weibel. Making Things Public : Atmospheres of Democracy. Cambridge, Mass [Karlsruhe, Germany]: MIT Press;ZKM/Center for Art and Media in Karlsruhe, 2005.Leonard, Dick. A Guide to the European Union. Vol. 10. Suffolk: the Economist, 2010 Mitchell, James K. “European River Floods in a Changing World.” Risk analysis 23, no. 4 (2003): 6.OMA/AMO. Roadmap 2050: A Practical Guide to a Prosperous, Low-Carbon Europe. Rotter-dam2010.Perkman, Markus. “Construction of New Territorial Scales: A Framework and Case Study of the Euregio Cross-Border Regio.” Regional Studies 41.2 (2007): 253 -66.Sassen, Saskia. The Global City : New York, London, Tokyo. 2nd ed. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001.

SOURCES

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Sennett, Richard. The Fall of Public Man. 1st ed. New York: Knopf, 1977.Shannon, Kelly, and Marcel Smets. The Landscape of Contemporary Infrastructure. Rotterdam: NAi Publishers, 2010Stichting Archis, O.M.A, C-lab “Volume.” v. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Archis Foundation, 2005.Swyngedouw, E. “The Post-Political City.” In Urban Politics Now, edited by Slavoj Zizek. Rot-terdam: NAI Publishers, 2006.———. Social Power and the Urbanization of Water : Flows of Power. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.———. “Territorial Orgnization and the Space/Technology Nexus.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 17 (1992).Turan, Neyran, Stephen J. Ramos, and Harvard University. Graduate School of Design. New Ge-ographies. 1, after Zero. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Graduate School of Design, 2009.VLEUTEN, ERIK VAN DER. “Infrastructures and Societal Change. A View from the Large Technical Systems Field.” Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 16, no. 3 (2004): 395-414.

WEB RESOURCES- http://tentea.ec.europa.eu/- http://www.eea.europa.eu- http://ec.europa.eu/transport/publications/index_en.htm-- http://infranetlab.org/blog/- http://www.visualizinginfrastructure.com/

B u i l d i n g a P u b l i c E u r o p e a n I n f r a s t r u c t u r e

European Infrastructure Laboratory

European Infrastructure Lab - Keizersgracht 644-4 - Amsterdam -www.eufralab.eu - [email protected] +31 6 282 79 702