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POST 80S
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Content
I. GAME
II. Definition
III. Posts 80s Image
IV.Hot Issue among Post 80s
A. Politics
B. Employment
C. Housing
V.Solution
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Definition
Definition of Post 80s
In Hong Kong
broadly refers to the generation born in the 1980s, Hong Kong
people, especially the narrow sense is that social
movements active in the generation of young people.
In mainland
The Post-80s is a colloquial term which refers to the
generation whose members were born between 1980 to 1989
in Mainland China after the introduction of the One-child
policy.
Same &Difference
Life
The Post-80s ofMainland China witness the development and rise of China.
They live without high-tech around and material but life is simple and
substantial.
The Post-80s ofHong Kong Grew up with rich material because 70s Hong
Kong is one of the prosperous regions. They do not have a childhood which
lack of
material.
Advocate
The Post-80s ofMainland China advocate patriotism, justice and humanity.
The Post-80s ofHong Kong advocate democracy
Difficulties
The Post-80s of Mainland China and Hong Kong both have a problem of
economy, employment, housing, marriage and pregnancy
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Stand of building Express Rail Link
The Post-80s ofMainland China experience a great change of China getting
rich from poor. They watch the high-rise buildings going up and subway, high-
speed railway, highway, viaduct running north and south.
Also, they truly feel that the benefits of developing Shanghai, Beijing,
Shenzhen, Guangzhou and economic development zones and the
improvement of life conditions. Therefore, they believe Development is the
absolute principle which is advocated by Deng Xiaoping.
The Post-80s ofHong Kong live in a highly urbanized place so the
environment is destroyed rapidly. As the result, they begin to focus on
protecting Hong Kong's "original".
Cause1.The deep-seated problems in Hong Kong were delayed to resolve.
After the 1997 reunification of Hong Kong, the government has been sayingthat to achieve economic restructuring, but the objective results are
increasingly dependent on financial and real estate and the influence of large
consortia increase. Since a high land price policy resulted in a high
concentration of wealth, wealth gap become more serious .The government
has identified the financial sector leading the Hong Kong economy and there
are "four pillars" and "six major industry, but it does not take care of Post 80s
facing unemployment, low salaries and the plight of high property prices.
2.There is blind spot of the "ruling elite"mentality of Hong Kong
Government
Senior government officials do not communicate with public and believe their
own ideas blindly, so they hardly satisfy the requests ofPost 80s
3.Many young people lost reality direction when they face the fracture
of "upward mobility"ladde.
In the 60's and 70's, Hong Kong is full of opportunities for upward mobility. If
they work hard, there is always succeed. As it was the small number
of university students and the income of experts was great. with "97 Problems
" a large number of elite immigration, college graduates will soon be allowed
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to rise to the top job, and also in a more affordable price level, but also Home
Ownership Scheme, Sandwich Class Housing Scheme and other home
ownership assistance, hard work is rewarding.
4.The high expectations and intense competition of the immigrant
family of Post 80s.
Part of post 80s are emigrant. The return of "knowledge-based"professional
people in Hong Kong up to 50% increase in cases and the mainland of Hong
Kong tertiary institutions to attract more and more elite.There is a competition
between migrants.
5.Post 80s grow in a highly politicized environment.
The personality characteristics of post 80s in Hong Kong are affected by
politicization of our society, especially the radical factions.
6.The United States will continue to enhance Hong Kong's oppositional
political guidance and support from a variety.
A report from u.s. notes thatopposition should pave the way for the 2017Chief Executive election.
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Post 80s Image
Positive Negative
Politic andSocialOrientation
Social-minded,voice for community,Battle for socialjustice
Anti-establishment,Anti-government,Express view in aggressiveform
Thinking Brave, Rightful,
Strive for justice,Intense of Emotion
Rebellious, Confused,
Decadent, Cynical, Radical,Irrational
Disposition Guts, Strong-minded Discontent, Love to complaint,Individualism
Ability Clever, Smart,Creative, Well-educated
Spoiled, Poor working attitude,Fragile
Consumption Focus on appearanceand personal style
Cannot afford a property,Money-oriented, No deposit,Lack of sense of security
Use of Media Use new media tohold campaigneffectively
Indulge in computer gamesand internet
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POST 80scharacter:a) Aggressive behavior. For example, protestors tried to
ram their way through police lines and blocked tram traffic.
b) Always complain.c) Strong money concept. Most of the "post-80s"
respondents received tertiary education and are unhappy with
their jobs which have low salaries and long working hours.
d) Upholding their belief. The way the post-80s activistsexercised their civil rights in the name of freedom of speech and
right to protest
e) Squeamish and of weak character. Because parentstreat as the beloved "jewel" of the family, post-80s are
accustomed to having everything taken care of by their parents.
They are seldom taught to assume their own responsibilities and
are consequently deemed to be squeamish and of weak
character. If having any problem, they only find their parents to
solve. This make them to rely on the parents too much, cannot
be independent.1
f) Spontaneous. They cared about side matter, also dares toexpress them opinion. Because of the time change, the post-80sunderstood must express the opinion to be able on own initiative
to make the social progress. Therefore they cared about
extremely to politics.
Like this is had the society the improvement and the progress
opportunity2
g) Owes the organization sense and thediscipline. At the demonstration event may see the post-80sowes the organization sense and the discipline.
Because of theirs independent, them thought the correct matter
then can do. Makes them not to obey other people3
1
http://www.peopleforum.cn/redirect.php?tid=84394&goto=newpost2 http://www.expressrailtruth.com/new/190110-4.pdf3 http://www.expressrailtruth.com/new/190110-4.pdf
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Refer to News article:
XRL Railroading Consensus Its
Not Working4
(A)Hong Kong Its just a short railway spur, running 26 km
from Kowloon to the border with China. But it has ignited a
slew of protests and rallies which culminated in angry
crowds besieging the Legislative Council, trapping
lawmakers and government officials inside for six hours.
(B)Many of the protesters were not against the prospect of
constructing a rail link to Guangzhou, but were dissatisfiedwith the apparent inefficiency of the governments decision-
making.
`Post-80s' the generation of gloom5
(C)most of the "post-80s" respondents received tertiary
education and are unhappy with their jobs which have low
salaries and long working hours.
Hey, you're not talking about my
generation6
(D)The way the post-80s activists exercised their civil rights
in the name of freedom of speech and right to protest -
upholding their belief in any lofty political ideals for the
betterment of our society - should be encouraged.
4Featured Vox, Hong Kong Vox By Rich Macauleyon February 17, 2010http://www.vox-asia.com/news/2010/02/protests-no-match-for-legcos-rail-determination/5 The Standard, Scarlett Chiang http://www.thestandard.com.hk/news_detail.asp?
pp_cat=30&art_id=93224&sid=26735119&con_type=16 The Standardhttp://www.expressrailtruth.com/new/190110-4.pdf
http://www.vox-asia.com/news/latest/random-vox/http://www.vox-asia.com/news/hong-kong/http://www.vox-asia.com/news/author/richmacauley/http://www.vox-asia.com/news/author/richmacauley/http://www.vox-asia.com/news/latest/random-vox/http://www.vox-asia.com/news/hong-kong/http://www.vox-asia.com/news/author/richmacauley/8/3/2019 Booklet v2.1
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Hot Issue among Post 80s
A. PoliticsThey are activist in politics.
For example:
Anti- Express Railway
Young activists from the Post-80s Anti-Express Railway Group surrounded the building after
the funding was approved, and demanded to speak to transport chief Eva Cheng. In the
ensuing mayhem, some protesters tried to barge into the building, trapping Cheng inside for
hours.(Sit-in))
Save Central's Star Ferry pier in 2006 and Queen's Pier in 2007
For Queens Pier: At least 17 campaigners were chained
together, forcing police to use bolt-cutters to remove them. At
least seven protesters refused to leave the top of the pier's
roof, chanting slogans calling on the government to drop its
demolition plan,
Tertiary 2012
A group of university students join the by-election in 2010 to support
Five Constituencies Referendum
Fight against The Budget 2010-2011(Rally)
Support Ai Weiwei and Liu Xiaobo
the preservation of :
Lee Tung Street
Choi Yuen Tsuen Village Real political reform (on June 23)
A citizen-oriented Kowloon West Art district
News
Opposition to the Guangzhou-Hong Kong Express Rail Link
It is a movement and period of civil discontent in Hong Kong between
mid 2009 and early 2010.
Select groups of Hong Kong residents protested the proposed Hong
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Kong section of the Guangzhou-Hong Kong Express Rail Link
(abbreviated XRL), a high-speed railway that would link Hong Kong
with mainland China's growing high-speed rail network
Reprieve for Queen's Pier(the Standard)
About a dozen people stormed the
pier, demanding a halt to the
demolition and a meeting with
Secretary for Constitutional Affairs
Michael Suen Ming-yeung. They
occupied the site for about 24 hours.
They urged the government to halt
demolition work until a panel of
experts could convene to discuss whether the tower could be saved.
REFERENCE
http://www.hkpecs.org/eNewsDetail.asp?enews_id=686
http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?
option=com_content&view=article&id=372:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415
http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?
http://www.hkpecs.org/eNewsDetail.asp?enews_id=686http://www.hkpecs.org/eNewsDetail.asp?enews_id=686http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=372:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=372:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=204:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415http://www.hkpecs.org/eNewsDetail.asp?enews_id=686http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=372:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=372:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=204:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=4158/3/2019 Booklet v2.1
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option=com_content&view=article&id=204:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415
http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=204:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=415http://www.gccpost.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=204:80&catid=71:word&Itemid=4158/3/2019 Booklet v2.1
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B. EmploymentAdvantages
The post-80s generally have____________________________They alsohave extensive knowledge in different fields.
Having grown up in the age of the Internet gives the post-80s
certain advantages.
Good at building online social networks
Know better than the older generation how to
__________________________________________, which enables them to
.
The post-80s have their potential to
.
ProblemsWhen the post-80s enter the labour market, they are
to find that they have dim promotion prospects because
. These young people, as a result, _.
Competition in the job market is . The post-
80s have to complete with talents form.
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SuggestionThe post-80s must be committed to
.
-Despite their higher educational qualifications, the post-80s
should .
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Work experience does count. Therefore, it is advisable for the
post-80s, who are inexperienced, to
.Post-80s victims of boss bullies:
Survey ( extract)By Wu Wencong (China Daily)
Updated: 2010-05-25 07:57
More than 70 percent of office workers encounter "emotional office abuse", three-
quarters of which are from the post-80s people, a survey conducted by
zhaopin.com says.
"Who hasn't been told stories of workers being deliberately7 harassed8?" said Sun
Yifei, a headhunter9in his 20s.
He said the most dramatic story he had heard was of a recent graduate, taken on
by an accounting firm.
"He ended up throwing his work in his manager's face and shouting, 'Fine, I quit!'
after receiving an impossible number of assignments10," Sun told METRO.
This so-called "emotional office abuse" is usually dealt out by superiors or peer
employees. It generally refers to non-violent forms of aggression11, often resulting
in depression and the end of a job.
Staff responding to the survey held a fairly unanimous12understanding of the
concept: "Applied pressure forcing people to quit their job voluntarily."
"I knew they wanted to fire us when they made us sign an agreement to accept a
30 percent cut in pay, only one year after I started," said Shen Chao, a former
employee of a Sino-Japan joint venture13, in his 20s.
"We had to sign the agreement to avoid being fired," he said. "The chance to train
in Japan, which was promised when we joined, was also cancelled."
Wang Wei, a psychologist from Beijing Guo Ao Psychological Hospital, believes the
post-80s generation are the main victims of office abuse.7Deliberately : done in a way that was planned, not by chance adverb
8Harassed : tired and anxious because you have too much to do adjective
9Headhunter : a person whose job is to find people with the necessary skills to work for a particular
company and to persuade them to join this company noun10
Assignment :a task or piece of work that somebody is given to do, usually as part of their job orstudiesnoun11
Aggression : a violent attack or threats by one country against another country
noun12
Unanimous
: if a group of people are unanimous, they all agree about something
adjective13
Joint venture : ; phrase
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14high-profile : receiving or involving a lot of attention adjective
15
Fragile
: weak and uncertain; easily destroyed or spoilt adjective
16Conflict : a situation in which people, groups or countries are involved in a serious disagreement or
argument noun
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Problem:
abuse
Abuser : /
Definition :
Purpose of abusing :
Examples : 1.
2.
3.
Solutions :
-
-
-
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Housing Problem
IntroductionStudy hard, work hard, buy your own home - this is the Hong Kong
dream, the mantra drilled into Hong Kong youngsters from an early
age. But many of the so-called post-80s generation are quickly
discovering the dream has turned sour. Unable to buy their own
flats, some are forced to live in shelters for the homeless; some
manage to rent a little flat with friends.
News ArticlePost-80s need HOS housing (Extracted fromChina Daily, Mar 1 2011)What is even more disturbing is the fact that our "post-80s" are now
faring worse than their predecessors in their economic fortunes
not only as they start their careers but also as they progress
through their careers. Upward mobility17 has slowed down but
continued to improve up to the post-75 generation. But it actually
has declined and the poverty rate has gone up for the post-80s. This
is a totally new phenomenon. To illustrate, 53.9 percent of those
born in 1976-80 earned a salary under HK$10,000 in their earlycareer phase (i.e. 21-25). This is the lowest point historically. Yet
64.41 percent of those born after 1980 earned less than HK$10,000
when they reached the 21-25 age group. This is even higher than
the 61.92 percent among those born in 1971-75 at the same phase
of their careers. Of those born between 1976-80, 1.57 percent
earned a monthly salary of HK$25,000 when they reached 21-25.
This is higher than the 1.519 percent among those born five years
earlier. Yet for the post-80s, this "accomplished rate" has fallen to1.11 percent.
Post-80s Gen in GZ, Ten People Share OneFlat (Extracted from Life Of Guang Zhou, Aug18 2008)
17 mobility: the ability to move easily from one place, social class, or job to another
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How to afford a shelter18? This is a question troubling many inGuangzhou these days. As housing prices hike, large numbers ofpeople have become mortgage19 slaves, or live in rented roomsstruggling to cover mounting bills.
Consequently it has become a major concern that the soaring house
prices will cause trouble for young members of the community,
particularly those born in the 1980s, as they enter the housing
market. Members of the post-80s generation have mostly just
embarked on their careers, earning modest incomes and
experiencing difficulties making ends meet. To make matters worse,
they are considered to be an incompetent and spoiled20 generation,
raised by doting parents.
But recently some post-80s people have shown that they can take
care of themselves by sharing accommodations, which might
suggest that this generation is stronger than previously assumed.
Li Chunping, Leng Chunlin, Li Lijuan and three other girls are
alumna; together they came to Guangzhou to work as intern
journalists this spring. At first, like many newcomers, they were
frightened by the high cost of living in Guangzhou. Even a tiny roomlocated in one of the poor inner city villages could cost up to
1500 per month.
However, ten people sharing one apartment creates plenty of
inconveniences. For instance, the eight girls only have five beds.
And because they are living with boys, lack of privacy and noise are
also obvious issues.
Article Written by a Post-80sBeing a junior, nor far from graduation, I have numerous obstacles
ahead of me, for example hunting for a job and a temporary house
for living. Status quo of skyrocketing house price definitely will be
attacked by many 80s who have low-income and are squashed into
18 shelter: the fact of having a place to live or stay, considered as a basic humanneed 19
mortgage: a legal agreement by which a bank or similar organization lends youmoney to buy a house 20 spoiled:
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a humble abode in an effort to get through the tough time after
graduation. Recently one piece of news demonstrated that even
somebody now were selling containers for shelter to students. When
I saw him, sorrow and indignation engulfed me. Our government
iterates for thousands of times that they will step up the efforts to
suppress rapidly climbing housing price, however, imminent
prospect is beyond our sight.
After watching the TV series nutshell, I suppose that it exaggerates
our miserable current situation. Haozao find a shortcut-being a
mistress of superior official to solve her sisters shelter, but this way
is immoral and not practical in daily life .Striving in major cities is a
lure, as well as being a white collar. Despite the factors of ourgovernment, I believe I will chose to stay in my hometown for a few
time and then go out to find another job on the premise of ability to
support monthly rental feem, but different people have different
opinion.
What I predict that our government will not and cannot tamp down
the housing price, as real estate is delicious prey many businessmen
in China tend to catch, in addition, real estate is our infrastructureproject which closely link with other crucial fields touching on
national economy. Some analyst deem housing price will be slide
after 40 year, but 80s will never enjoy a comfortable house before
80.
Plenty of boys are loaded with girlfriends aspiration to own a house.
Is there some ways to overturn the phenomenon? May be you will
question. It is not sensible to depend our governments on empty
promises. The only one we can change our mothers-in-law stubborn
attitude toward possessing of a house.
Public Housing ProblemBackgroundThe number of single post-80s applying for public housing has
rapidly increased; over 40% of these applicants even possess
tertiary qualification. This runs counter to public housing's
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original purpose namely assisting the grassroots. This prevailing
trend, moreover, may obstruct teenagers motivation for
development and improvement.
So, not only does the local government need to find out ways to
close application loophole, it also has to cure the root of the disease
by dealing with the high property prices and low social mobility.
EffectSuch behaviours of teenagers may bring damage to the entire
society, especially to the striving spirit of Hong Kong. Besides, it is
also unfair to the grassroots: The purpose of public housing is to
assist those with lower earning capacity in buying homes; university
students applying for public housing means more people are
competing for the limited resources, worsening the waiting time.Eventually, the government will have to allocate () more
resources for public housing, wasting public money.
Advice (to government)It is more important to cure the disease rather than the symptoms.
The government not only has to close loopholes existing in public
housing, but also has to solve deep-rooted problems like high
property prices and low social mobility. Otherwise, it will become
difficult to deal with the intensifying grievances() anddecreasing motivation of teenagers, and thus harm social stability
and future economic development, even though the government is
able to stop the post-80s from applying public housing.
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Solution
Cases StudyNg Yuk-ching, a recent graduate in
social work from Lingnan
University. Ng lives in Tuen Mun,
sharing a 600 square feet flat with
three friends. Each person pays
HK$2,000 for the rent and utilities.
Ngs plan is to buy an apartment
within four to five years. Ng worksfull-time for an insurance firm and
has three part-time jobs as an
event photographer, event planner
and private tutor. The hard work is
to pay off her debts: she has to repay her relatives who lent her
money for her university tuition fees as well as her government
loan. She gives HK$2,000 monthly to her family and relatives
respectively, plus HK$7,000 to the government every quarter. Bythe time she has paid her rent, bills and loan repayments, there is
little left for much else.
The 27-year-old office worker and
her fianc are currently living with
her family on a public housing
estate. They failed to buy a private
apartment since they only started
looking for one during the financial
tsunami. Missing the chance when
property prices were lower, they
can no longer afford the one they
had chosen. That was a 377 square
feet apartment in Shatin. Within
half a year, while I was applying for
the bank mortgage, the price of the
flat jumped to a level which is far
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beyond my ability.Wong, and her fianc, who make HK$30,000 a
month in total, now plan to rent a private apartment in Shatin for
HK$6,000 a month. But she is not satisfied because she has always
wanted to own her home and start a family. Both Ng and Wongs
monthly income exceed the maximum income limit to qualify for
public housing. As they cannot afford to buy in the current market,
they can only rent in the private sector.
Measures
Employment
Government:
I Prevent the monoplization-develop property other than commercial(in 6
economic areas)
A)Educational service [E.g.self-financed post secondaryschool ]B)Medical service [E.G. medical centre ( public-privatepartnership)]C)Testing and certification
D)Environmental industryE)Innovation and technologyF)Culture and creative industry-Give more assistance to small and medium
enterprises
E.G. strengthen the SME funding schemeII Help for post80s
-increase the quota of Youth Work Experience and
Training Scheme
-Strengthen the vocational training programmes
E,G.in more aspects or provide more subsidyPost80s:
-be committed to their job in order to earn theiremployers' trust-pursue further education to sharpen their competitiveedge-keep an open mind and learn from their seniors
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Buying house
Government:-relaunch the Home Starter Loan Scheme
-provide more public housingPost80s:
-lower the requirement of the applying public housing-consider the financial ability-cultivate good consumption habits
Do you think solving the housing problem can suppressthe discontent of the post 80 s?
Supplement (Approach of Singapore in solving
housing problem)
The young couple can have priority in buying the publichousing
Develop six property Help college students to find their way out after
graduation
Encourage the young couple to have offspring
Do you think Hong Kong government should imitate theSingapore government?
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NEWS ARTICLE
1.Post-80s angst21 same as in the '70s, study finds
Gary Cheung
Dec 23, 2010 SCMP
The so-called22 post-80s generation of young people is more
disaffected23 than its elders, more pessimistic about its future,
more distrustful24 of Hong Kong's government - right?
Not according to a new study.
The government-commissioned25 study, conducted by Chinese
University's public policy research centre, finds that young people
born after 1980 are more optimistic about their future than themedia have frequently portrayed26.
Stephen Chiu Wing-kai, the leader of the research team, said the
study found no significant differences in the level ofgrievances27
about social conditions and political attitude between those born
after 1980 and their seniors.
The telephone poll, taken in May and June, compares social and
political attitudes among members of the generation born between
1980 and 1995 with thirty-somethings. It found about 40 per cent of15- to-29-year-olds expect their future to be worse than now,
compared with 50.2 per cent of thirty-somethings.
Only 9.7 per cent of thirty-somethings expect better opportunities
for personal development in future, compared with 14.9 per cent of
twenty-somethings and 19.2 per cent of the teenagers interviewed.
In other words, although a majority of all groups are pessimistic or
non-committal28 about the future, the younger the group, the more
optimistic the outlook.
21angst (n.), , strong worry and unhappiness, especially aboutpersonal problems22 so-called (adj) , used to introduce a new word or phrase
which is not yet known by many people23 disaffected (adj) ; ; describes young people who
are no longer satisfied with society's values24distrustful (adj) ; having or showing distrust25commission (v) ; put into commission;place an order for26 portray (v) (, ); ()to represent or describe
someone or something in a painting, film, book or other artistic work27 grievance (n) ; ; , [C][(+against)] an allegation that
something imposes an illegal obligation or denies some legal right orcauses injustice28non-committal (adj.), not expressing an opinion or decision
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The term "post-80s generation" is borrowed from the mainland,
where people of that age have grown up under the one-child policy
and most of them had no experience of the Tiananmen Square
crackdown29.
The research team polled 2,023 respondents. One third were
twenty-something and 27.6 per cent aged 15 to 19. Another 39.1
per cent were thirty-something.
Local media have widely attributed30 the radical31 actions of some
young activists to the lack of social mobility in Hong Kong and the
sense of powerlessness among teenagers and twenty-somethings.
But the study found lack of social mobility and dissatisfaction with
their personal lives had only a very slight effect on young people's
negative feelings about policy decisions.When asked to indicate their level of satisfaction with economic
development in Hong Kong, the average rating of post-80s
respondents was 2.96 on a scale of one to five - in which 1
represents "very dissatisfied" while 5 indicates "very satisfied". It
differed little from the average rating of the thirty-somethings: 2.89.
The study was commissioned by the Central Policy Unit in February,
shortly after the impassioned32 protests against the
legislature33
's approval of the HK$66.9 billion funding for theexpress rail link to Guangzhou. A group of young protesters, who
dubbed34 themselves the "post-80s", has dominated media
headlines ever since. The report was submitted this month.
The survey found 21.7 per cent of post-80s respondents holding
what it called a "dissenting35 attitude" on key social and political
issues, such as funding for the express rail link, Legco's functional
constituencies36 for professions and trades, environmental
concerns and the pace37 of democratic development. That was only
29 crackdown (n) ,, when someone starts to deal with bad orillegal behaviour in a more severe way
30 attributed (v.) , decide as to where something belongs in ascheme31 radical (a.),(used of opinions and actions) far beyond the norm32 impassioned (a.),, characterized by intense emotion33 legislature(n),,The body of persons in a state or
kingdom invested with powerto make and repeal laws; a legislativebody.
34 dub(v) give a nickname to35 dissenting (adj) disagreeing, especially with a majority36
functional constituencies(ph)37 pace(n) ; the speed at which someone or somethingmoves, or with which something happens or changes
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slightly more than the "dissenting attitude" among the teenagers
interviewed (19.6 per cent) and the thirty-somethings (18.1 per
cent).
Regardless of their generation, respondents with "dissenting
attitudes" shared similar demographic38 characteristics. About 53
per cent have been to university and their median household
income is between HK$10,000 and HK$29,999.
Nearly four in five twenty-somethings holding strong dissenting
views have a university degree, compared with 57.5 per cent among
similar respondents from the thirty-something generation.
"We should not subscribe uncritically to the common belief that
many youngsters are driven to become discontented39 with the
establishment because of dissatisfaction with their personal life,"the study report said.
The research team also studied data from two surveys conducted by
the Chinese University's Institute40 of Asia-Pacific Studies in
December last year and January. It found no consistent41evidence
to support the proposition that teenagers and twenty-somethings
are more radical and discontented.
"For example," the report said, "while the post-80s are less
supportive of the high-speed rail project, they are not more radicalthan the post-70s in terms of disapproval of the government
proposal for the 2012 elections." Of the post-80s respondents, 54.8
per cent said they trust the Hong Kong government virtually the
same as the 55.1 per cent among thirty-somethings.
Questions(article1)
1.What are the reasons of the political actions led by post80 the
media deduce ?
2.Which word can replacegrievancein line no.9?
a)grieve b)complaint c)gamble d)support
38 demographic (a.) relating to the study of changes in thenumber of births, marriages, deaths, etc. in a particular area during aperiod of time
39 discontented (a.) wanting better treatment or an improved situation40 institute(n),, an organization where people do a particular
kind of scientific, educational or social work, or the buildings which it uses41consistent (adj), always behaving or happening in a similar,especially positive, way
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3.Which one is mentioned in the article?
a)post80s generation is happier than the post70s
b)post80s generation has deeper distrust of government than the
post70s
c)post80s generation is more optimistic than the post90s
d) post80s generation is more pessimistic than the post90s
4.Is the satement right?(if or if not,which line shows you)
The economic development satisfied the post80s much more than
the post70s.
Yes/No.Line no.
5.What is the precentage of post80s respondents which do not
agree with key political issues?
%
6.Does post80s satisfy the university degree?why?
2.Hong Kong: A winter of discontent(SELECTED)
A youthful, Internet-savvy4280s generation is giving voice to
frustration over the slow pace of democratisation and the Beijing
hand43 in entrenched44functional constituencies.
By CHRISTINE LOH
Hong Kong, February 2011 Asian Conversationa
POLITICS and Hong Kong may appear strange bedfellows45. Yet, overtly under the One
Country Two Systems approach46 and, sometimes, under the radar of newspaper headlines,
the city has remained in quiet ferment47. Two recent developments could transform the nature
of the outcome as this Special Administrative Region strives to find atrue representative
voice. The first element of change on the road towards Hong Kong democracy is the steady
42savvy(n) ; practical knowledge and ability43hand(n)(+in) assistance44 entrenched(adj) Entrenched ideas are so fixed or have existed
for so long that they cannot be changed45bedfellow(n) a person connected with another in a particular activity46
approach(n) ;a way of considering or doing something47ferment(n) (), a state of confusion, change, and lack of order orfighting
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rise of a new and amorphous48 political movement led by a younger generation. The second
is the 2010 rapprochement49 between Beijing and the Democratic Party that caused internal
rifts50and the formation of new parties. The combined effect has been to create an element
of unpredictability in Hong Kong politics.
Hong Kongs educated post 80s generation has become more politically active. This youth
movement gave birth to the anti-high-speed-rail action in mid-2009 with vociferous51
campaigns against the HKSAR governments plan to build a multi-billion dollar railway linking
Hong Kong to Shenzhen and Guangzhou.Questions were raised regarding cost, and
objections made to the planned razing52 of the Choi Yuen village and rural53 areas to create
project corridors. In November 2009 there was a sit-in54 at the government secretariat55,
and on 18 December, over 1,000 protesters gathered outside the Legislative Council while
legislators debated funding. Civic action resulted in the postponement56
of the debate, whichenergised57 the protesters. Although the project was approved in the end, it was evident a
new movement had emerged58.
Since then, urban planning and nature conservation issues have attracted strong followings.
For example, the destruction of a scenic59site in July 2010 at Tai Long Wan, Sai Kung, when
the new landownerstarted to clear land for construction of a private dwelling60, became an
instant cause celebre61. A new movement is emerging to block the governments plan to sell
off one of its old office buildings in Centrals Government Hill for commercial development.
48amorphous(adj) having no fixed form or shape49rapprochement(n); (an) agreement reached by opposinggroups or people50 rift(n), , [(+in/between)] a serious disagreement which separates
two people who have been friends and stops their friendship continuing51vociferous(adj) ; Vociferous people express their opinions andcomplaints loudly and repeatedly in speech, and vociferous demands, etc. are made
repeatedly and loudly52raze(n) , to completely destroy a city, building, etc53rural(adj) ; ; in, of or like the countryside54sit-in(n) when a group of people go into a public building and refuse toleave or allow normal activities to continue there until a situation that they arecomplaining about is changed55government secretariat(n) the office responsible for the management56postponement(n) ; to delay an event and plan or decide that it shouldhappen at a later date or time57energise(v) ; to make someone feel energetic or eager58emerge(v) (), ; () to appear by coming out of somethingor out from behind something59scenic(adj) having or allowing you to see beautiful natural features60
dwelling(n) , , a house or place to live in61cause celebre(ph), an event, such as a famous legal trial,which attracts a lot of public attention
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The activists include among their ranks a high proportion of students and young
professionals. While most of them are politically nonaligned62, circumstances have drawn
them to democratic politicians supporting their cause. With the majority of the functional
constituency legislators (largely viewed as pro-Beijing) seen to be not just pro-government but
pro-business, younger activists view functional constituencies as a prop for business rather
than public interest.
With a younger generation taking to the political stage, new social media means, such as
SMS, Twitter and Facebook, have been increasingly used tospread messages and rally
people. In the Tai Long Wan instance, there were over 80,000 Facebook members.
Meanwhile, the political establishment as a whole is facing new demands from the public over
land use, property development, rural affairs, nature conservation, environmental protection,
public health, minimum wage, fair competition, and better social welfare, the response to
which would affect many vested establishment interests. The growing discontent within Hong
Kong is driven by a sense of social injustice, as rewards are seen to be monopolised63by big
business headed by politically well-connected tycoons.
62nonaligned(adj); If a country is non-aligned, it does not support or
depend on any powerful country or group of countries.63monopolise(v); ... in business, to control something completely andto prevent other people having any effect on what happens
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GLOSSARYgrievance (n) ; ; , (+against)grumble (v)
(n), [(+at/about/over)],
radical (a.) ,
discontented (a.)
dissident (a)(n)
; ; ; ;
depraved (a) ; ; ferment (n) (), sit-in (n) rally (n)
(v)(), ; [(+round)]
entrepreneurship (n) consumerism (n) rebel (v) ; ; [(+against)]confrontation (n) shelve (v) ; compromise (n)
(v), (+between), [(+on)]
stigmatize (v) ; ;...; suppress (v) , ; ; avenue (n) , [(+to)]
resort (v) , , [(+to)]fruits of labor (n) decent (a) ; ; inflation (n) burden (n) , ; , mortgage (n)
(v);
eligible (a)(n)
,
revive (v)
Home OwnershipScheme
Home Starter LoanScheme