Booklet 11 1 Social Welfare System. S5 – Macro Level Health Management Booklet (6) (8) (9) (10 ) Social Care Booklet (7) (11) S4 – Holistic Health Booklet.

Booklet 11

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Social Welfare SystemSocial Welfare System

Round-up ： Booklet(13) Health and Social Care Policies

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Learning TargetsLearning Targets

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Concept of Social CareConcept of Social Care

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Booklet (7)

Booklet (11)

11.1 11.1 Concept of Social CareConcept of Social CareTopic 1 - Personal Development, Social

Care and Health Across the Lifespan1E The need for and the role of social care

in the community and the private sphere across the lifespan

1E2 The role of social care 1E3 Forms of social care

To understand the importance of To understand the importance of social care for personal and social social care for personal and social well-beingwell-being

To identify and understand the roles To identify and understand the roles of formal and informal careof formal and informal care

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Informal CareCarers: friends, family members, neighbours or relatives

Role: Booklet 7 – Social Support NetworkInformal care is usually the first choice to solve problems. Only when it fails, will individuals or families seek help from formal care

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Formal CareCare:

provided by the public/statutory sector, private sector or Non-governmental Organisations (NGOs)

provided on an organised and paid basis provided by the carers who are trained e.g.

nurses, doctors, social workers, health care assistants

Role:to provide information and support services

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Care provided by VolunteersTopic 4 - Promotion and Maintenance of Health and Social Care in the Community

4E Volunteers complementing primary / private care4E3 Community care complementing private care

Volunteer As a form of demonstrating social concerns and

responsibility Roles of volunteers in complementing to the private care

To examine the roles of volunteer To examine the roles of volunteer in complementing primary carein complementing primary care

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Care provided by VolunteersVoluntary work overlaps the spheres of formal

and informal careRoles of volunteersRoles of volunteers ：

Complementing informal care Complementing informal care ： volunteers are trained and organised to provide care services Complementing formal care Complementing formal care ： they do not belong to any organisations and are able to enjoy their autonomy and independence from the government and the market. They do not charge the clients for their services.

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11.3 11.3 Social WelfareSocial WelfareTopic 3 – Responding to the Needs in the Areas of Health (care, promotion and maintenance) and Social Care3C Implementing health and social care policies

3C1 Development of the welfare system in Hong Kong3C3 Responsibilities, financing and structure of

public agencies

To explain the welfare system of Hong To explain the welfare system of Hong Kong and comment on its role in policy Kong and comment on its role in policy implementationimplementationTo categories and analyse the relevant To categories and analyse the relevant organizations and agenciesorganizations and agencies 11

Social WelfareSocial Welfare – Formal Social Care

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Planning and FundingPlanning and Funding

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Categorization of Welfare ServicesCategories Examples Booklets

Different Target Groups

Family and Child WelfareServices for the ElderlyRehabilitation ServicesServices for Offenders

11 – Welfare Services in Hong Kong

Different Purposes of Intervention

Preventive or Crisis InterventionCenter-based or Community-basedIntegrated or Specialized Services

14 – Purposes of Intervention and Development of Services

Different Professional Areas

Outreaching Social WorkSocial Work in Integrated Family Service CentresMedical Social Work

12 – Working in Different Professional Institutions

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11.4 Social Security2A Structural issues related to social care2A5 Social security: social security as a safety net,

social security systems in Hong Kong, their dependence on politics and economic fluctuationsTo identify the support and services available for

people / families in need and suggest other possible means or solutions

2D Developments in the health and care industries

2D6 Changes in Hong Kong Social Security SystemTo understand how the development of health and

care industries are affected by the systemic factors, issues and concerns

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Concept of Protection (Insurance)Concept of Protection (Insurance)

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Social Security

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Types of Protection

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Contribution

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Social Security in Hong Kong

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1995 Mandatory Provident Fund Schemes Ordinance (MPFSO)2000 The Mandatory Provident Fund System came into operation

11.2 Development of Social Care in Hong Kong2D Developments in the care industries2D6 Changing infrastructure of social care

To understand how the development of care industries are affected by the systemic factors, issues and concerns

3C Implementing social care policies3C1 Development of the welfare system in

Hong KongTo explain the welfare system of Hong

Kong and comment on its role in policy implementation

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Structural Changes and FactorsStructural Changes and Factors

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Structural Changes and FactorsStructural Changes and Factors

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11.6 Related Issues• Topic 2 - Health and Social Care in the Local and the Global Contexts• 2D Developments in the health and care industries

• 2D3 Conflicting agendas - Private vs. public responsibility; allocation of resources to different parties

• 2D5 Conflicting direction and potentials To analyse the viewpoints or issues from different perspectives To understand that value judgments may vary among different individuals or parties

• Topic 3 – Responding to the Needs in the Areas of Health (care, promotion and maintenance) and Social Care

• 3D Cultural and political disagreements and tensions• 3D2 The debates and practical / political conflicts between the roles of the

individuals (private sector) and the public or government in the provision of social care and health services responsibility of the government, e.g. privatisation

• 3D4 Tensions among different institutions: competing for clients or resources / resultant crisis in service delivery To understand the conflicts and tensions in the health and social care context To analyse the possible crises resulted from these tensions and disagreement and explore

the possible solution(s)

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PrivatisationTransfer of ownership or management of the services from the public sector to the private sectorPrivatisation of Social Services

Relationship between the government and NGOs changes from partners to funder (government) and service operators (NGOs)Funding and Service Agreement - NGOs list the purpose and objectives, nature, performance standards and funding

arrangement of the service. Service Quality Standard defines the level of which, in terms of management and service provision, service units are expected to

attain to ensure the quality of service to the clients

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10.4 Conflicting Agendas in the Healthcare Reform10.4 Conflicting Agendas in the Healthcare Reform

Expanding Public SectorExpanding Public Sector Expanding Private SectorPros • Ensuring the provision of services in

meeting the needs of patients: the provision is not dictated by market but by needs and the availability of resources.

• Strengthening the safety net: the government is pursuing social goals that profit-seeking, market-oriented, private sector organisations overlook or play down, e.g. equity and poverty alleviation

• Ensuring the implementation of health policy in coordinated and planned efforts

• Consumers, i.e. the patients, may have more choices as privatisation fosters competition / new ideas in the market

• The waiting list for the services provided by public sector may be shortened when more services are provided by the private sector

• The financial burden of the government may be reduced as some of the medical expenses are shared by the consumers who are willing to pay

• The accessibility of services increases as private providers may be located in convenient areas and offer services during more convenient times for customers

• The services may be more sustainable as they are independent of changes in government policies and budgetary constraints

Cons • Concern for public expenditure / government financial burden / sustainability of healthcare financing - the costs of secondary / tertiary medical care are relatively high and will continuously increase under ageing population

• Comparatively fewer choices and less flexibility in catering the needs of patients

• Lower the extent / degree of personal responsibility in healthcare

• The profit-seeking and market-oriented private sector organisations may overlook or play down the social goals such as health equity and primary health care

• To maximize profit, services produced in the private sector may be operated at a lower workforce ratio to reduce the cost. This may affect the quality of services provided

• As the prices are determined by the market, the service providers have no intention to keep the prices low and affordable. Patients who are less able to afford the services will have fewer choices

• If the healthcare system is dominated by the private sector, it’s development may become fragmented, poorly planned and coordinated

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Should the resources be allocated to public or private sectorsShould the resources be allocated to public or private sectors??

Using Lump Sum Grant in financing social services

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11.5 Welfare Systems in Different Countries

Topic 3 – Responding to the Needs in the Areas of Health (care, promotion and maintenance) and Social Care

3B Developing health and social care / welfare policies

3B2 Comparison of policies between Hong Kong and other regions / countries (e.g. United Kingdom, United State of America)

To compare health and social policies in To compare health and social policies in Hong Kong with other regions /countriesHong Kong with other regions /countries

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Welfare States (e.g. UK)Policy assumptions

Social welfare is an integrated institution in the society and is used for resources reallocation

Policy objectivesSocial services are provided on a universal

basis outside of the market and based on individual needs.

Feature of service provisionUniversal Coverage and Insurance:Benefits from National insurance to protect an

individual from birth to death

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Market-oriented countries (e.g. USA)Policy assumptions

Individual needs should be satisfied by the private market and family. Only when these break down should social welfare institutions come into play and then only temporarily

Policy objectivesTo minimize government intervention and dependence on

welfareFeature of service provision

Federal Social Insurance The funding of social security is from the tax on the

employers of enterprises and businessCompany and private insurances are important parts

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Mixed model (e.g. HK)Like market-oriented countries

welfare services only aim to assist people and families in need

Like welfare states the Government has played the roles of policy-making,

resources distribution and service monitoringDue to increasing reliance on government funding, most of

the non-governmental organisations choose to be in line with government social welfare policy

The parties participating in social welfare include government, non-governmental organisations, families, charitable organisations and private sectors

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