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Book of MormonFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Book of Mormon is a sacred text of the Latter Day Saint
movement, which adherents believe contains writings of
ancient prophets who lived on the American continent from
approximately 2200 BC to AD 421.[1][2] It was first publishedin
March 1830 by Joseph Smith as The Book of Mormon: An Account
Written by the Hand of Mormon upon Plates
Taken from the Plates of Nephi.[3]
According to Smith's account and the book's narrative, the Book
of Mormon was originally written in otherwise unknown
characters referred to as "reformed Egyptian"[4] engraved on
golden plates. Smith said that the last prophet to contribute tothe
book, a man named Moroni, buried it in a hill in present-day New
York and then returned to earth in 1827 as an
angel,[5] revealing the location of the book to Smith and
instructing him to translate it as evidence of the restoration
ofChrist's true church in the latter days.
The Book of Mormon has a number of original and distinctive
doctrinal discussions on subjects such as the fall of Adam
and Eve,[6] the nature of the Atonement,[7] eschatology,
redemption from physical and spiritual death,[8] and
theorganization of the latter-day church. The pivotal event of the
book is an appearance of Jesus Christ in the Americas shortlyafter
his resurrection.
The Book of Mormon is the earliest of the unique writings of the
Latter Day Saint movement, the denominations of whichtypically
regard the text not only as scripture but also as a historical
record of God's dealings with the ancient inhabitants of
the Americas.[9] The Book of Mormon is divided into smaller
books, titled after the individuals named as primary authorsand, in
most versions, divided into chapters and verses. It is written in
English very similar to the Early Modern English
linguistic style of the King James Version of the Bible, and has
since been fully or partially translated into 108
languages.[10]
Contents
1 Origin2 Content
2.1 Title2.2 Organization2.3 Chronology2.4 Doctrinal and
philosophical teachings
2.4.1 Jesus2.4.2 Other distinctive religious teachings2.4.3
Teachings about political theology
3 Religious significance3.1 The Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-day Saints3.2 Community of Christ3.3 Greater Latter Day
Saint movement
4 Historical authenticity5 Manuscripts6 Editions
6.1 Chapter and verse notation systems6.2 Current6.3 Historic6.4
Non-print editions
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A page from the original
manuscript of the Book of
Mormon, covering 1 Nephi
4:38
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bof
m/1-ne/4.38?lang=eng#37)-
5:14
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bof
m/1-ne/5.14?lang=eng#13)
6.5 Textual criticism6.6 Non-English translations
7 Representations in media8 Distribution9 See also10 Notes11
References12 Further reading13 External links
Origin
Main articles: Origin of the Book of Mormon, Golden plates, and
Criticism ofthe Book of Mormon
Joseph Smith said that when he was seventeen years of age an
angel of God named
Moroni appeared to him[11] and said that a collection of ancient
writings, engraved ongolden plates by ancient prophets, was buried
in a nearby hill in present-day WayneCounty, New York. The writings
were said to describe a people whom God had ledfrom Jerusalem to
the Western hemisphere 600 years before Jesus birth. According
tothe narrative, Moroni was the last prophet among these people and
had buried therecord, which God had promised to bring forth in the
latter days. Smith stated that hewas instructed by Moroni to meet
at the hill annually each September 22 to receivefurther
instructions and that four years after the initial visit, in 1827,
he was allowed to
take the plates and was directed to translate them into
English.[11][12]
Accounts of the way in which Smith dictated the Book of Mormon
vary. Smith himselfimplied that he read the plates directly using
spectacles prepared for the purpose of
translating. Other accounts variously state that he used seer
stones[citation needed] placedin a top hat, or the Urim and
Thummim.
Smith's first published description of the plates said the
plates "had the appearance ofgold". They were described by Martin
Harris, one of Smith's early scribes, as "fastened
together in the shape of a book by wires."[13] Smith called the
engraved writing on the
plates "reformed Egyptian".[14] A portion of the text on the
plates was also "sealed"
according to his account, so its content was not included in the
Book of Mormon.[15]
In addition to Smith's account regarding the plates, eleven
others signed affidavits thatthey personally saw the golden plates
and, in some cases, handled them. Their written
testimonies are known as the Testimony of Three Witnesses[16]
and the Testimony of
Eight Witnesses.[17] These affidavits are published as part of
the introductory pages to theBook of Mormon.
Smith enlisted the help of his neighbor, Martin Harris (one of
the Three Witnesses), wholater mortgaged his farm to underwrite the
printing of the Book of Mormon, as a scribe during his initial work
on the text. In1828, Harris, prompted by his wife, Lucy, repeatedly
requested that Smith lend him the current pages that had been
translated. Smith reluctantly acceded to Harris's requests. Lucy
Harris is thought to have stolen the first 116 pages.[18]
After the loss, Smith recorded that he had lost the ability to
translate, and that Moroni had taken back the plates to be
returned only after Smith repented.[19][20][21][22] Smith later
stated that God allowed him to resume translation, but directed
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A depiction of Joseph Smith
dictating the Book of
Mormon by peering at a seer
stone in a hat.
Books of the Book of Mormon
Small Plates of Nephi
that he begin translating another part of the plates. In 1829,
with the assistance of Oliver Cowdery, work on the Book of
Mormon recommenced, and was completed in a short period
(AprilJune 1829).[23] Smith said that he then returned the
plates to Moroni upon the publication of the book.[20][24] The
Book of Mormon went on sale at the bookstore of E. B.
Grandin in Palmyra, New York on March 26, 1830.[25] Today the
building in which the Book of Mormon was firstpublished and sold is
known as the Book of Mormon Historic Publication Site.
Critics of the Book of Mormon claim that it was fabricated by
Smith[26][27][28] and thathe drew material and ideas from various
modern works rather than translating an ancient
record. Works that have been suggested as sources include the
King James Bible,[29][30]
The Wonders of Nature,[31][32] View of the Hebrews,[27][28][33]
and an unpublished
manuscript written by Solomon Spalding.[34][35][36]
For some adherents of the Latter Day Saint movement, unresolved
issues of the book'shistorical authenticity and the lack of
conclusive archaeological evidence have led them toadopt a
compromise position that the Book of Mormon may be the creation of
Smith, but
that it was nevertheless created through divine inspiration.[37]
The position of mostmembers of the Latter Day Saint movement and
the official position of The Church ofJesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints (LDS Church) is that the book is an actual and accurate
historical record.[38]
Content
See also: Book of Mormon chronology
Title
Smith stated that the title page, and presumably the actual
title of the 1830edition, came from the translation of "the very
last leaf" of the golden
plates, and was written by the prophethistorian Moroni.[39][40]
The titlepage states that the purpose of the Book of Mormon is "to
[show] untothe remnant of the house of Israel what great things the
Lord hath donefor their fathers;...and also to the convincing of
the Jew and Gentile thatJesus is the Christ, the eternal God,
manifesting himself unto all
nations."[41]
Organization
The Book of Mormon is organized as a compilation of smaller
books,each named after its main named narrator or a prominent
leader,beginning with the First Book of Nephi (1 Nephi) and ending
with theBook of Moroni.
The book's sequence is primarily chronological based on the
narrativecontent of the book. Exceptions include the Words of
Mormon and theBook of Ether. The Words of Mormon contains editorial
commentary byMormon. The Book of Ether is presented as the
narrative of an earliergroup of people who had come to America
before the immigrationdescribed in 1 Nephi. First Nephi through
Omni are written in first-personnarrative, as are Mormon and
Moroni. The remainder of the Book of
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First Book of NephiSecond Book of NephiBook of JacobBook of
EnosBook of JaromBook of Omni
Contribution of MormonWords of MormonMormon's abridgment ofthe
Large Plates of Nephi
Book of MosiahBook of AlmaBook of HelamanThird NephiFourth
Nephi
Book of MormonAdditions by Moroni
Parts of the Book of MormonBook of EtherBook of Moroni
See also
Book of Mormon PortalLatter-day Saints Portal
Cover page of The Book of Mormon
from an original 1830 edition, by
Joseph Smith
(Image from the U.S. Library of
Congress Rare Book and Special
Collections Division.)
Mormon is written in third-person historical narrative, saidto
be compiled and abridgedby Mormon (with Moroniabridging the Book of
Ether).
Most modern editions of thebook have been divided intochapters
and verses. Mosteditions of the book alsocontain supplementary
material,including the Testimony ofThree Witnesses and theTestimony
of Eight Witnesses.
Chronology
Main article: Book ofMormon chronology
The books from First Nephi toOmni are described as beingfrom
"the small plates of
Nephi".[42] This account beginsin ancient Jerusalem around 600
BC. It tells the story of a man named Lehi, hisfamily, and several
others as they are led by God from Jerusalem shortly beforethe fall
of that city to the Babylonians in 586 BC. The book describes
their
journey across the Arabian peninsula, and then to the promised
land, the Americas, by ship.[43] These books recount thegroup's
dealings from approximately 600 BC to about 130 BC, during which
time the community grew and split into twomain groups, which are
called the Nephites and the Lamanites, that frequently warred with
each other.
Following this section is the Words of Mormon. This small book,
said to be written in AD 385 by Mormon, is a short
introduction to the books of Mosiah, Alma, Helaman, Third Nephi,
and Fourth Nephi.[44] These books are described asbeing abridged
from a large quantity of existing records called "the large plates
of Nephi" that detailed the people's historyfrom the time of Omni
to Mormon's own life. The Book of Third Nephi is of particular
importance within the Book ofMormon because it contains an account
of a visit by Jesus from heaven to the Americas sometime after his
resurrection andascension. The text says that during this American
visit, he repeated much of the same doctrine and instruction given
in theGospels of the Bible and he established an enlightened,
peaceful society which endured for several generations, but
whicheventually broke into warring factions again.
The book of Mormon is an account of the events during Mormon's
life. Mormon is said to have received the charge oftaking care of
the records that had been hidden, once he was old enough. The book
includes an account of the wars,Mormon's leading of portions of the
Nephite army, and his retrieving and caring for the records. Mormon
is eventuallykilled after having handed down the records to his son
Moroni.
According to the text, Moroni then made an abridgment (called
the Book of Ether) of a record from a previous people
called the Jaredites.[44] The account describes a group of
families led from the Tower of Babel[45] to the Americas, headedby
a man named Jared and his brother. The Jaredite civilization is
presented as existing on the American continent beginning
about 2500 BC,[46]long before Lehi's family arrived in 600 BCand
as being much larger and more developed. Thedating in the text is
only an approximation.
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A depiction of Joseph Smith's description of receiving
the golden plates from the angel Moroni at the Hill
Cumorah.
The Book of Moroni then details the final destruction of the
Nephites and the idolatrous state of the remaining society.[47]
It
mentions a few spiritual insights and some important doctrinal
teachings,[48] then closes with Moroni's testimony and an
invitation to pray to God for a confirmation of the truthfulness
of the account.[49]
Doctrinal and philosophical teachings
The Book of Mormon contains doctrinal and philosophicalteachings
on a wide range of topics, from basic themes ofChristianity and
Judaism to political and ideological teachings.
Jesus
Stated on the title page, the Book of Mormon's central purposeis
for the "convincing of the Jew and Gentile that Jesus is the
Christ, the Eternal God, manifesting himself unto all
nations."[50]
The book describes Jesus, prior to his birth, as a spirit
"withoutflesh and blood", although with a spirit "body" that
looked
similar to how Jesus would appear during his physical
life.[51]
Jesus is described as "the Father and the Son".[52] He is said
tobe:
"God himself [who] shall come down among the children of men,
and shall redeem his people...[b]eing the Fatherand the Son the
Father, because he was conceived by the power of God; and the Son,
because of the flesh; thus
becoming the Father and Son and they are one God, yea, the very
Eternal Father of heaven and of earth."[53]
Other parts of the book portray the Father, the Son, and the
Holy Ghost as "one."[54] Beliefs among the churches of theLatter
Day Saint movement encompass nontrinitarianism (in the Church of
Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) totrinitarianism (particularly
among the Community of Christ). See Godhead (Latter Day
Saints).
In furtherance of its theme of reconciling Jews and Gentiles to
Jesus, the book describes a variety of visions or visitations
tosome of the early inhabitants in the Americas involving Jesus.
Most notable among these is a described visit of Jesus to a
group of early inhabitants shortly after his resurrection.[55]
Many of the book's contributors described other visions ofJesus,
including one by the Brother of Jared who, according to the book,
lived before Jesus, and saw the "body" of Jesus'
spirit thousands of years prior to his birth.[51] According to
the book, a narrator named Nephi described a vision of the
birth, ministry, and death of Jesus,[56] including a prophecy of
Jesus' name,[57] said to have taken place nearly 600 years
prior to Jesus' birth.[58]
In the narrative, at the time of King Benjamin (about 130 BC),
the Nephite believers were called "the children of
Christ".[59] At another place, the faithful members of the
church at the time of Captain Moroni (73 BC) were called
"Christians" by their enemies, because of their belief in Jesus
Christ.[60] The book also states that for nearly 200 years
after
Jesus' appearance at the temple in the Americas[61] the land was
filled with peace and prosperity because of the people's
obedience to his commandments.[62] Later, the prophet Mormon
worked to convince the faithless people of his time (AD
360) of Christ. His son, the prophet Moroni, is said to have
buried the plates with faith in Christ.[63] Many other prophetsin
the book also wrote of the reality of the Messiah, Jesus
Christ.
In the Bible, Jesus spoke to the Jews in Jerusalem of other
sheep who would hear his voice,.[64] The Book of Mormonclaims this
meant that the Nephites and other remnants of the lost tribes of
Israel throughout the world were to be visited by
Jesus after his resurrection.[65]
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Other distinctive religious teachings
On most religious issues, Book of Mormon doctrines are similar
to those found in the Bible and among other Christiandenominations.
Among its distinctive theological interpretations are the
following:
When the Old Testament prophet Isaiah wrote of prophets who
would "whisper out of the dust,"[66] he was referring
to the publication of the Book of Mormon.[67]
The fall of man is a prerequisite for procreation, and a
necessary requirement for the return to God: "Adam fell that
men might be, and men are, that they might have joy."[68]
Teachings about political theology
The book delves into political theology within a Christian or
Jewish context. Among these themes are Americanexceptionalism.
According to the book, the Americas are portrayed as a "land of
promise", the world's most exceptional
land[69] of the time. The book states that any righteous society
possessing the land would be protected, whereas if they
became wicked they would be destroyed and replaced with a more
righteous civilization.[70]
On the issue of war and violence, the book teaches that war is
justified for people to "defend themselves against theirenemies".
However they were never to "give an offense," or to "raise their
sword ... except it were to preserve their
lives."[71] The book praises the faith of a group of former
warriors who took an oath of complete pacifism, refusing to
take
arms even to defend themselves and their people.[72] However,
2,000 of their descendants, who had not taken the oath oftheir
parents not to take up arms against their enemies, chose to go to
battle against the Lamanites, and it states that in their
battles the 2,000 men were protected by God through their faith
and, though many were injured, none of them died.[73]
The book points out monarchy as an ideal form of government, but
only when the monarch is righteous.[72][74] However,the book warns
of the evil that occurs when the king is wicked and therefore
suggests that it is not generally good to have a
king.[75] The book further records the decision of the people to
be ruled no longer by kings,[76] choosing instead a form of
democracy led by elected judges.[77] When citizens referred to
as "king-men" attempted to overthrow a democraticallyelected
government and establish an unrighteous king, the book praises a
military commander who executed pro-monarchycitizens who had vowed
to destroy the church of God and were unwilling to defend their
country from hostile invading
forces.[78] The book also speaks favorably of a particular
instance of what appears to be a peaceful Christ-centered
theocracy, which lasted approximately 194 years before
contentions began again.[79]
The book supports notions of economic justice, achieved through
voluntary donation of "substance, every man according to
that which he had, to the poor."[80] In one case, all the
citizens held their property in common.[79] When individuals within
asociety began to disdain and ignore the poor, to "wear costly
apparel", and otherwise engage in wickedness for personal
gain, such societies are repeatedly portrayed in the book as
being ripe for destruction.[81]
Religious significance
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The Book of Mormon (subtitled in 1981 by the LDS Church as
"Another Testament of Jesus Christ") is one of four sacredtexts or
standard works of the LDS Church. The other texts are the Bible
(King James Version), the Doctrine and
Covenants, and the Pearl of Great Price.[82] Church members
officially regard the Book of Mormon as the "most correct"
book of scripture, in that "a man would get nearer to God by
abiding by its precepts, than any other book."[83] This is, in
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part, because church members believe the Bible was the result of
a multiple-generation translation process and the Book of
Mormon was not.[84] Joseph Smith told of receiving a revelation
condemning the "whole church" for treating the Book of
Mormon and the former commandments lightly.[85]
The Book of Mormons significance to the LDS Church was
reiterated in the 1980s by Ezra Taft Benson, the church's
thirteenth president.[86] In an August 2005 Ensign message, LDS
Church president Gordon B. Hinckley challenged each
member of the church to re-read the Book of Mormon before the
year's end.[87] The books importance is commonlystressed at the
twice-yearly general conference, at special devotionals by general
authorities, and in the church's teachingpublications.
The LDS Church encourages discovery of the books truth by
following the suggestion in its final chapter to study, ponder,
and pray to God concerning its veracity. This passage is
referred to as Moroni's Promise.[88]
As of April 2011, the LDS Church has published more than 150
million copies of the Book of Mormon.[89]
Community of Christ
The Community of Christ, formerly known as the Reorganized
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, views the Bookof
Mormon as an additional witness of Jesus Christ and publishes two
versions of the book through its official publishingarm, Herald
House. The Authorized Edition is based on the original printer's
manuscript and the 1837 Second Edition (or"Kirtland Edition") of
the Book of Mormon. Its content is similar to the Book of Mormon
published by the LDS Church,but the versification is different. The
Community of Christ also publishes a 1966 "Revised Authorized
Edition", whichattempts to modernize some of the language.
In 2001, Community of Christ President W. Grant McMurray
reflected on increasing questions about the Book ofMormon: "The
proper use of The Book of Mormon as sacred scripture has been under
wide discussion in the 1970s andbeyond, in part because of
long-standing questions about its historical authenticity and in
part because of perceived
theological inadequacies, including matters of race and
ethnicity."[90]
At the 2007 Community of Christ World Conference, President
Stephen M. Veazey ruled out of order a resolution to"reaffirm the
Book of Mormon as a divinely inspired record." He stated that
"while the Church affirms the Book of Mormonas scripture, and makes
it available for study and use in various languages, we do not
attempt to mandate the degree ofbelief or use. This position is in
keeping with our longstanding tradition that belief in the Book of
Mormon is not to be used
as a test of fellowship or membership in the church."[91]
Greater Latter Day Saint movement
There are a number of other churches that are part of the Latter
Day Saint movement.[92] Most of these churches werecreated as a
result of issues ranging from differing doctrinal interpretations
and acceptance of the movement's scriptures,including the Book of
Mormon, to disagreements as to who was the divinely chosen
successor to Joseph Smith. Thesegroups all have in common the
acceptance of the Book of Mormon as scripture. It is this
acceptance which distinguishesthe churches of the Latter Day Saint
movement from other Christian denominations. Separate editions of
the Book ofMormon have been published by a number of churches in
the Latter Day Saint movement, along with private individualsand
foundations not endorsed by any specific denomination.
Historical authenticity
Main article: Historical authenticity of the Book of Mormon
See also: Criticism of the Book of Mormon, Archaeology and the
Book of Mormon, Genetics and the Book of
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Mormon, Linguistics and the Book of Mormon, Origin of the Book
of Mormon, and Book of Mormonanachronisms
The archaeological, historical and scientific communities are
generally skeptical about the claims of the Book of Mormon.Critics
of such tend to focus on four main areas:
The lack of correlation between locations described in the Book
of Mormon and American archaeological sites.[93]
References to animals, plants, metals and technologies in the
Book of Mormon that archaeological or scientificstudies have found
no evidence of in post-Pleistocene, pre-Columbian America,
frequently referred to as
anachronisms.[94] Items typically listed include cattle,[95]
horses,[96][97] asses,[96][98] oxen,[96] sheep, swine,
goats,[99] elephants,[100][101] wheat, steel,[102] brass,
chains, iron, scimitars, and chariots.[103]
The lack of linguistic connection between any Native American
languages and Near Eastern languages.[104]
The lack of DNA evidence linking any Native American group to
the ancient Near East.[105]
Most adherents of the Latter Day Saint movement consider the
Book of Mormon to generally be a historically accurate
account.[38] Within the Latter Day Saint movement there are
several apologetic groups that seek to reconcile thediscrepancies
in diverse ways. Among these apologetic groups, much work has been
published by Foundation for AncientResearch and Mormon Studies
(FARMS), and Foundation for Apologetic Information & Research
(FAIR), attempting todefend the Book of Mormon as a literal
history, countering arguments critical of its historical
authenticity, or reconcilinghistorical and scientific evidence with
the text. One of the more common recent arguments is the limited
geography model,which conjectures that the people of the Book of
Mormon covered only a limited geographical region in
eitherMesoamerica, South America, or the Great Lakes area. The LDS
Church continues to declare that science can support the
Book of Mormon.[106]
Manuscripts
The Book of Mormon was dictated by Joseph Smith to several
scribes over a period of nearly two years, resulting in
threemanuscripts.
The 116-page manuscript contained the first 116 pages of the
Book of Lehi and was lost after Smith lent the uncopied
manuscript to Martin Harris.[18]
The first completed manuscript, called the original manuscript
(O), was completed using a variety of scribes. Portions of the
original manuscript were also used for typesetting.[107] In
October 1841, the entire original manuscript was placed into
thecornerstone of the Nauvoo House, and sealed up until nearly
forty years later when the cornerstone was reopened. It was
then discovered that much of the original manuscript had been
destroyed by water seepage and mold.[108] Surviving
manuscript pages were handed out to various families and
individuals in the 1880s.[108] A total of only 28% of the
original
manuscript now survives, including a remarkable find of
fragments from 58 pages in 1991.[107] The majority of what
remains of the original manuscript is now kept in the LDS Church
Archives.[107]
The second completed manuscript, called the printer's manuscript
(P) was a copy of the original manuscript produced by
Oliver Cowdery and two other scribes.[107] It is at this point
that initial copyediting of the Book of Mormon was
completed. Observations of the original manuscript show little
evidence of corrections to the text.[108][109] The printer's
manuscript is now the earliest surviving complete copy of the
Book of Mormon, being nearly 100% extant;[110] it is owned
by the Community of Christ.[107]
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Critical comparisons between surviving portions of the
manuscripts show an average of two to three changes per page
fromthe original manuscript to the printer's manuscript, with most
changes being corrections of scribal errors such as
misspellings
or the correction, or standardization, of grammar
inconsequential to the meaning of the text.[107][109] The
printer's
manuscript was further edited, adding paragraphing and
punctuation to the first third of the text.[107]
The printer's manuscript was not used fully in the typesetting
of the 1830 version of Book of Mormon; portions of the
original manuscript were also used for typesetting.[107] The
original manuscript was used by Smith to further correct errors
printed in the 1830 and 1837 versions of the Book of Mormon for
the 1840 printing of the book.[107]
Editions
Chapter and verse notation systems
The original 1830 publication did not have verse markers, though
the individual books were divided into relatively longchapters.
Just as the Bible's chapter and verse notation system is a later
addition of Bible publishers to books that wereoriginally solid
blocks of undivided text, the chapter and verse markers within the
books of the Book of Mormon are mereconventions, not part of the
original text.
Publishers from different factions of the Latter Day Saint
movement have published different competing chapter and
versenotation systems. The two most significant are the LDS system,
introduced in 1879, and the RLDS system, which is based
on the original 1830 chapter divisions.[111]
The RLDS 1908 Edition, RLDS 1966 Edition, the Church of Christ
(Temple Lot) Edition and Restored Covenant Editionsuse the RLDS
system while most other current editions use the LDS system.
Current
The Book of Mormon is currently printed by the following
publishers:
Churchpublishers
YearTitles and
notesLink
The Churchof JesusChrist ofLatter-daySaints
1981
The Book ofMormon:AnotherTestament ofJesus
Christ.[112]
Newintroductions,chaptersummaries, andfootnotes. 1920edition
errorscorrected basedon OriginalManuscript and1840
edition.[113]
link (http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm?lang=eng)
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Officiallyupdated with anew editionMarch 1, 2013,which will
beprintedbeginningAugust
2013.[114]
Communityof Christ
1966
"RevisedAuthorizedVersion", basedon 1908AuthorizedVersion,
1837edition and"originalmanuscript".Notable for theomission of
"itcame to pass"phrases.
The Churchof JesusChrist(Bickertonite)
2001Compiled by acommittee ofApostles.
RichardDrew
1992
Photo-enlargedfacsimile of the1840
edition[115]
Church ofChrist(Temple Lot)
1990
Based on 1908RLDS edition,1830 edition,Printer'sManuscript,
andcorrections bychurch leaders.
link
(http://www.churchofchrist-tl.org/PDFs/Downloads/Web%201990%20BOOK%20OF%20MORMON.pdf)
Church ofChrist withthe ElijahMessage
1957
The Record ofthe Nephites,"RestoredPalmyraEdition". 1830text
with LDSchapters andverses.
link (http://www.elijahmessage.net/Nephite_Record.html)
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Otherpublishers
Year Titles andnotes
Link
HeraldHeritage
1970Facsimile of the1830 edition.
ZarahemlaResearchFoundation
1999
The Book ofMormon:RestoredCovenantEdition. Textfrom Originaland
Printer'sManuscripts, inpoetic
layout.[116]
link (http://www.restoredcovenant.org/RCE.asp?CAT=RCE)
Bookcraft 1999
The Book ofMormon forLatter-daySaint Families.Large print
withnumerous visualsand explanatorynotes.
University ofIllinois Press
2003
The Book ofMormon: AReader'sEdition. Basedon the 1920LDS
edition.
link
(http://books.google.com/books?id=wbSqttrggZIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false)
Doubleday2006[117]
The Book ofMormon:AnotherTestament ofJesus Christ.Text from
thecurrent LDSedition withoutfootnotes. FirstDoubledayedition was
in
2004.[118]
ExperiencePress
2006
Reset typematching theoriginal 1830edition in word,line and
page.Fixed
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typographical
errors.[119]
StratfordBooks
2006Facsimile reprintof 1830 edition.
PenguinClassics
2008Paperback with1840 text.
link
(http://books.google.com/books?id=8sbEBgS0cJIC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false)
YaleUniversityPress
2009
The Book ofMormon: TheEarliest Text.First edition textwith
hundreds ofcorrections fromRoyal Skousen'sstudy of theoriginal
manuscripts.[120]
link
(http://books.google.com/books?id=680cn0KpjVMC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q&f=false)
Historic
The following non-current editions marked major developments in
the text or reader's helps printed in the Book ofMormon.
Publisher YearTitles and
notesLink
E. B.Grandin
1830
"First edition" inPalmyra. Basedon Printer'sManuscriptcopied
fromOriginalManuscript.
link(http://www.archive.org/stream/bookofmormonacco1830smit#page/n3/mode/2up)
Pratt andGoodson
1837
"Second edition"in Kirtland.Revision of firstedition, using
thePrinter'sManuscript withemendations andgrammatical
corrections.[113]
Robinsonand Smith
1840
"Third edition" inNauvoo.Revised byJoseph Smith incomparison
tothe Original
link
(http://www.archive.org/stream/bookmormon01smitgoog#page/n4/mode/2up)
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Manuscript.[113]
Young,Kimballand Pratt
1841
"First Europeanedition". 1837reprint withBritish
spellings.[113]
Future editionsdescended fromthis, not the1840
edition.[121]
FranklinD.Richards
1852
"Third Europeanedition". Editedby Richards.Introducedprimitive
verses(numbered
paragraphs).[113]
link
(http://www.archive.org/stream/bookmormon00smitgoog#page/n10/mode/2up)
James O.Wright
1858
Unauthorizedreprinting of1840 edition.Used by theearly
RLDSChurch in
1860s.[113]
link
(http://www.archive.org/stream/bookofmormon00smit#page/n3/mode/2up)
RLDSChurch
1874
First RLDSedition. 1840text with
verses.[113]
link
(http://books.google.com/books?id=gmcoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR1#v=onepage&q&f=false)
DeseretNews
1879
Edited by OrsonPratt. Introducedfootnotes, newverses,
andshorter
chapters.[113]
link
(http://books.google.com/books?id=T1lNAAAAYAAJ&pg=PR3#v=onepage&q&f=false)
RLDSChurch
1908
"AuthorizedVersion". Newverses andcorrectionsbased
onPrinter's
Manuscript.[113]
link (http://centerplace.org/hs/bofm/)
The
Edited by JamesE. Talmage.
Added
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Translations of the
Book of Mormon.
Church of
JesusChrist ofLatter-day Saints
1920
introductions,double columns,chaptersummaries, new
footnotes,[113]
pronunciation
guide.[122]
link(http://www.archive.org/stream/bookofmormonanac027933mbp#page/n3/mode/2up)
Non-print editions
The following versions are published online:
Online editions Year Description and notes Link
LDS Churchinternet edition
2013Official internet edition of the Book ofMormon for the
Church of Jesus Christ ofLatter-day Saints.
link (http://scriptures.lds.org/en/bm/contents)
LDS Churchaudio edition
1994Official LDS version of the Book of Mormonin mp3 audio
format, 32 kbit/s.
link(http://www.lds.org/mp3/display/0,18692,5297-41,00.html)
Textual criticism
In 1989, scholars at Brigham Young University began work on a
critical text edition of the Book of Mormon. Volumes 1and 2,
published in 2001, contain transcriptions of all the text variants
of the English editions of the Book of Mormon, from
the original manuscript to the newest editions.[123] Volume 4,
which is being published in parts, is a critical analysis of all
thetext variants. Volume 3, which is not yet published, will
describe the history of all the English-language texts from
Joseph
Smith to today.[124]
Differences between the original and printer's manuscript, the
1830 printed version, and modern versions of the Book ofMormon have
led some critics to claim that evidence has been systematically
removed that could have proven that Smith
fabricated the Book of Mormon, or are attempts to hide
embarrassing aspects of the church's past.[27][28][107]
Non-English translations
See also: List of Book of Mormon translations
The LDS version of the Book of Mormon has been translated into
83 languages and selectionshave been translated into an additional
25 languages. In 2001, the LDS Church reported that allor part of
the Book of Mormon was available in the native language of 99
percent of Latter-day
Saints and 87 percent of the world's total population.[125]
Translations into languages without a tradition of writing
(e.g., Kakchiqel, Tzotzil) are available
on audio cassette.[126] Translations into American Sign Language
are available on videocassetteand DVD.
Typically, translators are members of the LDS Church who are
employed by the church andtranslate the text from the original
English. Each manuscript is reviewed several times before it is
approved and published.[127]
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A scene from the Book of Mormon being depicted
in the Hill Cumorah Pageant
In 1998, the LDS Church stopped translating selections from the
Book of Mormon, and instead announced that each new
translation it approves will be a full edition.[128]
Representations in media
Events of the Book of Mormon are the focus of several LDSChurch
films, including The Life of Nephi (1915), How Rare aPossession
(1987) and The Testaments of One Fold and OneShepherd (2000). Such
films in LDS cinema (i.e., films not officiallycommissioned by the
LDS Church) include The Book of MormonMovie, Vol. 1: The Journey
(2003) and Passage to Zarahemla(2007).
In 2003, a South Park episode titled "All About Mormons"parodied
the origins of the Book of Mormon.
In 2011, a religious satire musical titled The Book of
Mormonpremiered on Broadway.
Second Nephi 9:2027
(http://www.lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/9.20-27#19) from the Book
of Mormon is quoted in a funeral service in Alfred Hitchcock's film
Family Plot.
Distribution
The LDS Church, which distributes free copies of the Book of
Mormon, reported in 2011 that 150 million copies of the
book have been distributed since its initial
publication.[129]
The initial printing of the Book of Mormon in 1830 produced 5000
copies.[130] The 50 millionth copy was printed in 1990,
with the 100 millionth following in 2000 and reaching 150
million in 2011.[130]
See also
Copyright on religious worksSpaldingRigdon theory of Book of
Mormon authorshipMulekites
Notes
1. ^ Gordon B. Hinckley, "Praise to the Man"
(http://speeches.byu.edu/reader/reader.php?id=6730),
1979-11-04.
2. ^ Church Educational System (1996, rev. ed.). Book of Mormon
Student
Manual(http://www.ldsces.org/inst_manuals/bm-in-sm1996/manualindex.asp)
(Salt Lake City, Utah: The Church of Jesus Christof Latter-day
Saints), ch. 6.
3. ^ Smith (1830, title page). In 1982, in an effort to clarify
and emphasize its purpose, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints (LDS Church) retitled its editions of the book to The Book
of Mormon: Another Testament of Jesus Christ LDSChurch (2008).
4. ^ Mormon 9:32
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/morm/9.32?lang=eng#31)
5. ^ Roberts (1902, pp. 11, 1819).
6. ^ E.g. 2 Nephi 2
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/2?lang=eng#)
7. ^ E.g. 2 Nephi 9
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/9?lang=eng#)
8. ^ E.g. Alma 12
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/12?lang=eng#)
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8. ^ E.g. Alma 12
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/12?lang=eng#)
9. ^ "Introduction"
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/introduction?lang=eng), Book of
Mormon (1981 LDS Church ed.).
10. ^ Ash, Michael R. (1997). "The King James Bible and the Book
of Mormon" (http://www.mormonfortress.com/kjv2.html).Mormon
Fortress. Retrieved 2013-01-01.
11. ^a b The Life and Ministry of Joseph Smith
(https://www.lds.org/manual/teachings-joseph-smith/the-life-and-ministry-of-joseph-smith?lang=eng),
Teachings of Presidents of the Church: Joseph Smith, (2007),
xxii25.
12. ^ Pearl of Great Price, Joseph Smith - History 1:59
(http://lds.org/scriptures//js_h/1.59?lang=eng#58)
13. ^ Smith, Joseph, Jr. (March 1, 1842). Wentworth Letter
(http://www.centerplace.org/history/ts/v3n09.htm). "Church
History". Times and Seasons (Nauvoo, Illinois) 3 (9):
906936.
14. ^ Only LDS linguists accept the existence of any language or
character set known as "reformed Egyptian" as described inMormon
tradition. The only example of reformed Egyptian extant is the
"Caractors Document", also known as the "AnthonTranscript", a paper
written by Smith with examples of what he stated to be "reformed
Egyptian" characters. SeeReformed Egyptian for details and
references.
15. ^ Smith (1842, p. 707).
16. ^ Testimony of Three Witnesses
(http://scriptures.lds.org/bm/thrwtnss)
17. ^ Testimony of Eight Witnesses
(http://scriptures.lds.org/bm/eghtwtns)
18. ^a b Hitchens 2007, pp. 163, Givens 2002, pp. 33, Givens
2002, pp. 33
19. ^ Doctrine and Covenants, Section 3 and
20. ^a b Brodie 1971
21. ^ Givens 2002
22. ^ Hitchens 2007, pp. 163164
23. ^ Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling (New York: Alfred A.
Knopf, 2005), 70."
24. ^ Testimony of Joseph Smith
(http://scriptures.lds.org/en/bm/jstestimony) Hitchens 2007, pp.
164
25. ^ Kunz, Ryan (March 2010). "180 Years Later, Book of Mormon
Nears 150 Million
Copies"(http://lds.org/ensign/2010/03/180-years-later-book-of-mormon-nears-150-million-copies?lang=eng).
Ensign (LDSChurch): 7476. Retrieved 2011-03-24.
26. ^ Tanner, Jerald and Sandra (1987). Mormonism - Shadow or
Reality?. Utah Lighthouse Ministry. p. 91. ISBN 99930-74-43-8.
27. ^a b c Brody, Fawn (1971). No Man Knows My History: The Life
of Joseph Smith (2d ed.). New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
28. ^a b c Krakauer, Jon (2003). Under the Banner of Heaven: A
Story of Violent Faith. New York: Doubleday.
29. ^ Abanes, Richard (2003). One Nation Under Gods: A History
of the Mormon Church. Thunder's Mouth Press. p. 72.ISBN
1-56858-283-8.
30. ^ Tanner, Jerald and Sandra (1987). Mormonism - Shadow or
Reality?. Utah Lighthouse Ministry. pp. 7380. ISBN
99930-74-43-8.
31. ^ Abanes, Richard (2003). One Nation Under Gods: A History
of the Mormon Church. Thunder's Mouth Press. p. 68.ISBN
1-56858-283-8.
32. ^ Tanner, Jerald and Sandra (1987). Mormonism - Shadow or
Reality?. Utah Lighthouse Ministry. pp. 8485. ISBN
99930-74-43-8.
33. ^ Roberts, Brigham H. (1992). Brigham D. Madsen, ed. Studies
of the Book of Mormon
(http://books.google.com/?id=EXgFAAAACAAJ&dq=Studies+of+the+Book+of+Mormon).
Salt Lake City, UT: Signature Books. ISBN 1-56085-027-2
34. ^ Howe, Eber D (1834). Mormonism Unvailed
(http://archive.org/details/mormonismunvaile00howe). Painesville,
Ohio:Telegraph Press
35. ^ Spaulding, Solomon (1996). Reeve, Rex C, ed. Manuscript
Found: The Complete Original "Spaulding" Manuscript.Provo, Utah:
Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University
36. ^ Roper, Matthew (2005). "The Mythical "Manuscript Found""
(http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=review&id=584).
FARMS Review (Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute) 17 (2): 7140.
Retrieved 2007-01-31
37. ^ Grant H. Palmer. 2002. An Insider's View of Mormon
Origins. Salt Lake City, Signature Books; Brent Lee Metcalfe,
ed.1993. New Approaches to the Book of Mormon: Explorations in
Critical Methodology. Salt Lake City: Signature Books.
38. ^a b "The limited success so far in swaying popular LDS
opinion is a constant source of frustration for
Mormonapologists...It appears that Mormons are generally content to
picture the Book of Mormon story in a setting that is
factuallywrong. For most Mormons, the limited geography models
create more problems than they solve. They run counter to
thedominant literal interpretation of the text and contradict
popular folklore as well as the clear pronouncements of all
churchpresidents since the time of Joseph Smith", Simon G.
Southerton (2004, Signature Books), Losing a Lost Tribe, pp.
164-165."Some of the [Community of Christ]'s senior leadership
consider the Book of Mormon to be inspired historical fiction.
Forleaders of the Utah church, this is still out of the question.
[The leadership], and most Mormons, believe that the historical
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authenticity of the Book of Mormon is what shores up Joseph
Smith's prophetic calling and the divine authenticity of theUtah
church", Southerton (2004), pg. 201.Quotations from temple
dedicatory sermons and prayers in Central and South America by
President Gordon B. Hinckley in1999-2000 continually refer to
Native LDS members in attendance as "children of Lehi" (Southerton
[2004], pp. 38-39)."Latter-Day Saints believe their scripture to be
history, written by ancient prophets...", Grant Hardy (2009, Yale
UniversityPress), "Introduction," The Book of Mormon: The Earliest
Text, ed. Royal Skousen, pg. x.
39. ^ Joseph Smith stated that the "title page is not by any
means a modern composition either of mine or of any other man'swho
has lived or does live in this generation."
40. ^ Smith, Joseph (October 1842). "Truth Will Prevail"
(http://www.centerplace.org/history/ts/v3n24.htm#943). Times
and
Seasons III (24): 943. Retrieved 2009-01-30.
41. ^ The Book of Mormon Title Page
(http://scriptures.lds.org/en/bm/ttlpg)
42. ^ Book of Mormon, Words of Mormon 1:3
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/w-of-m/1.3?lang=eng#2)
43. ^ 1 Nephi 18:23
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/18.23?lang=eng#22)
44. ^a b Book Of Mormon, A BRIEF EXPLANATION ABOUT THE BOOK OF
MORMON(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/explanation?lang=eng)
45. ^ Ether 1:3
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/1.3?lang=eng#2)
46. ^ Joseph L. Allen, Sacred Sites: Searching for Book of
Mormon Lands (2003) p. 8.
47. ^ Book Of Mormon, Book of Moroni Chapter Summaries
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro?lang=eng)
48. ^ Book of Mormon, Moroni 10
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/10?lang=eng#)
49. ^ Moroni 10:4
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/10.4?lang=eng#3)
50. ^ Smith (1830, Title Page)
51. ^a b Ether 3:16
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/3.16?lang=eng#15).
52. ^ Ether 3:14
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/3.14?lang=eng#13).
53. ^ Mosiah 15:1-14
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/15.1-14?lang=eng#0)
54. ^ 3 Nephi 19:22-23
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/19.22-23?lang=eng#21)
55. ^ See 3 Nephi 11
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/11?lang=eng#) to 3 Nephi 26
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/26?lang=eng#)
56. ^ 1 Nephi 11
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/11?lang=eng#)
57. ^ Mosiah 3:8
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/3.8?lang=eng#7)
58. ^ See 1 Nephi 10:4
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/10.4?lang=eng#3), 1 Nephi 19:8
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/19.8?lang=eng#7); See also 3
Nephi 1 (http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/1?lang=eng#)
59. ^ Mosiah 5:7
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/5.7?lang=eng#6)
60. ^ Alma 46:13-15
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/46.13-15?lang=eng#12)
61. ^ 4 Nephi 22-23
(http://lds.org/scriptures//1/22-23?lang=eng#)
62. ^ 4 Nephi 1
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/4-ne/1?lang=eng#)
63. ^ See Book of Mormon Title page
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ttlpg/?lang=eng#)
64. ^ See John 10:16
(http://lds.org/scriptures/nt/john/10.16?lang=eng#15) in the King
James Version of the Bible
65. ^ 3 Nephi 15:13-24
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/15.13-24?lang=eng#12), 3 Nephi
16:1-4(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/16.1-4?lang=eng#0), 2
Nephi 29:7-14
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/29.7-14?lang=eng#6)
66. ^ Isaiah 29:4
67. ^ 2 Nephi 26:15-16
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/26.15-16?lang=eng#14)
68. ^ 2 Nephi 2:25
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/2.25?lang=eng#24)
69. ^ 1 Nephi 2:20
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/2.20?lang=eng#19); 1 Nephi
13:30 (http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/13.30?lang=eng#29); 2
Nephi 1:5 (http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/1.5?lang=eng#4); 2
Nephi 10:19(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/10.19?lang=eng#18);
Jacob 5:43 (http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/jacob/5.43?lang=eng#42);
Ether 1:38-42
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/1.38-42?lang=eng#37); Ether
2:7,10-15(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/2.7,10-15?lang=eng#6);
Ether 9:20 (http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/9.20?lang=eng#19);
Ether 10:28
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/10.28?lang=eng#27); Ether
13:2(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/ether/13.2?lang=eng#1).
70. ^ 1 Nephi 2:20
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/2.20?lang=eng#19); 1 Nephi
4:14 (http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/1-ne/4.14?lang=eng#13); 2
Nephi 1:20 (http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/1.20?lang=eng#19);
2 Nephi 4:4(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/2-ne/4.4?lang=eng#3);
Jarom 1:9
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/jarom/1.9?lang=eng#8);Omni 1:6
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/omni/1.6?lang=eng#5); Mosiah 1:7
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/1.7?lang=eng#6); Mosiah
2:22,31
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/2.22,31?lang=eng#21); Alma
9:13(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/9.13?lang=eng#12); Alma
36:1,30 (http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/36.1,30?
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(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/9.13?lang=eng#12); Alma
36:1,30 (http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/36.1,30?lang=eng#0);
Alma 38:1 (http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/38.1?lang=eng#0);
Alma
48:15,25(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/48.15,25?lang=eng#14).
71. ^ Alma 48:14
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/48.14?lang=eng#13)
72. ^a b Alma 24
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/24?lang=eng#)
73. ^ Alma 56:47-56
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/56.47-56?lang=eng#-10)
74. ^ Mosiah 29:13
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/mosiah/29.13?lang=eng#12)
75. ^ Mosiah 29:18-22
(http://lds.org/scriptures//mosial/29.18-22?lang=eng#-5)
76. ^ Mosiah 29
(http://lds.org/scriptures//mosial/29?lang=eng#)
77. ^ Helaman 6:17
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/hel/6.17?lang=eng#16)
78. ^ Alma 62:9-11
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/62.9-11?lang=eng#8)
79. ^a b 3 Nephi 26:19
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/3-ne/26.19?lang=eng#18).
80. ^ Alma 1:26-27
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/1.26-27?lang=eng#25).
81. ^ Jacob 2:13-13
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/jacob/2.13-1314?lang=eng#12); Alma
4:6(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/4:6?lang=eng#); Alma 5:53
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/alma/5:53?lang=eng#); 4Nephi 1:24
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/4-ne/1.24?lang=eng#23).
82. ^ E.g. Nelson, Russell M. (November 2000), "Living by
Scriptural Guidance"
(http://www.lds.org/ensign/2000/11/living-by-scriptural-guidance),
Ensign: 1618 (discusses how the four standard works of the church
can provide guidance in life)
83. ^ Joseph Smith, B. H. Roberts, ed., History of the Church 4,
p. 461; additional information at: Understanding the Processof
Publishing the Book of Mormon
(http://www.mormonnewsroom.org/article/understanding-the-process-of-publishing-the-book-of-mormon),
"Newsroom", MormonNewsroom.org (LDS Church)
84. ^ Benson, Ezra Taft (January 1992), "The Keystone of Our
Religion"
(http://www.lds.org/ensign/1992/01/the-keystone-of-our-religion),
Ensign
85. ^ Doctrine and Covenants 84:54-57
(http://lds.org/scriptures/dc-testament/dc/84.54-57?lang=eng#53).
86. ^ Benson, Ezra Taft (November 1986), "The Book of
MormonKeystone of Our
Religion"(http://www.lds.org/ensign/1986/11/the-book-of-mormon-keystone-of-our-religion),
Ensign: 4
87. ^ Hinckley, Gordon B. (August 2005), "A Testimony Vibrant
and True"
(http://www.lds.org/ensign/2005/08/a-testimony-vibrant-and-true),
Ensign
88. ^ Moroni 10:3-5
(http://lds.org/scriptures/bofm/moro/10.3-5?lang=eng#2); see Cook,
Gene R. (April 1994), "MoronisPromise"
(http://www.lds.org/ensign/1994/04/moronis-promise), Ensign: 12
89. ^ "Book of Mormon: 150 Million Copies"
(http://www.ldschurchnews.com/articles/60804/Book-of-Mormon-150-million-copies.html).
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Retrieved 9 April
2012.
90. ^ McMurray, W. Grant, "They "Shall Blossom as the Rose":
Native Americans and the Dream of
Zion,"(http://www.cofchrist.org/docs/NativeAmericanConference/keynote.asp)
an address delivered February 17, 2001,accessed on Community of
Christ website, September 1, 2006.
91. ^ Andrew M. Shields, "Official Minutes of Business Session,
Wednesday March 28, 2007," in 2007 World ConferenceThursday
Bulletin, March 29, 2007. Community of Christ, 2007.
92. ^ Robinson, B.A. (June 8, 2010). "The LDS Restorationist
movement, including The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-daySaints"
(http://www.religioustolerance.org/lds.htm).
ReligiousTolerance.org. Ontario Consultants on Religious
Tolerance.Retrieved 2013-01-01.
93. ^ Citing the lack of specific New World geographic locations
to search, Michael D. Coe, a prominent Mesoamericanarchaeologist
and Professor Emeritus of Anthropology at Yale University, writes
(in a 1973 volume of Dialogue: A Journalof Mormon Thought): "As far
as I know there is not one professionally trained archaeologist,
who is not a Mormon, whosees any scientific justification for
believing [the historicity of The Book of Mormon], and I would like
to state that thereare quite a few Mormon archaeologists who join
this group."
94. ^ Cecil H. Brown. 1999. Lexical Acculturation in Native
American Languages. Oxford Studies in AnthropologicalLinguistics,
20. OxfordPaul E. Minnis & Wayne J. Elisens, ed. 2001.
Biodiversity and Native America. University of Oklahoma Press.Gary
Paul Nabhan. 2002. Enduring Seeds: Native American Agriculture and
Wild Plant Conservation. University ofArizona Press.Stacy Kowtko.
2006. Nature and the Environment in Pre-Columbian American Life.
Greenwood Press.Douglas H. Ubelaker, ed. 2006. Handbook of North
American Indians, Volume 3, Environment, Origins, and
Population.Smithsonian Institution.Elizabeth P. Benson. 1979.
Pre-Columbian Metallurgy of South America. Dumbarton Oaks Research
Library.R.C. West, ed. 1964. Handbook of Middle American Indians,
Volume 1, Natural Environment & Early Cultures.University of
Texas Press.G.R. Willey, ed. 1965. Handbook of Middle American
Indians, Volumes 2 & 3, Archeology of Southern Mesoamerica.
-
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Mormon 19/23
G.R. Willey, ed. 1965. Handbook of Middle American Indians,
Volumes 2 & 3, Archeology of Southern Mesoamerica.University of
Texas Press.Gordon Ekholm & Ignacio Bernal, ed. 1971. Handbook
of Middle American Indians, Volume 10 & 11, Archeology
ofNorthern Mesoamerica. University of Texas Press.
95. ^ 1 Nephi 18:25LDS scholars think that this may be a product
of reassigning familiar labels to unfamiliar items. For example,
the DelawareIndians named the cow after the deer, and the Miami
Indians labeled sheep, when they were first seen, "looks-like-a
cow."John L. Sorenson, An Ancient American Setting for the Book of
Mormon (Salt Lake City, Utah : Deseret Book Co. ; Provo,Utah :
Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, 1996 [1985]),
294. ISBN 1-57345-157-6http://www.mormonfortress.com/cows1.html
96. ^a b c 1 Nephi 18:25
97. ^ "[H]orses became extinct in North America at the end of
the Pleistocene..." (Donald K. Grayson. 2006. "Late
PleistoceneFaunal Extinctions," Handbook of North American Indians,
Volume 3, Environment, Origins and Population. Smithsonian.Pages
208-221. quote on pg 211)"The youngest dates on North American
fossil horses are about 8150 years ago, although most of the horses
were gonearound 10,000 years ago" (Donald R. Prothero & Robert
M. Schoch. 2002. Horns, Tusks, and Flippers: The Evolution ofHoofed
Mammals. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Page 215.)"During the
Pleistocene both New World continents abounded in [horses] and
then, some 8000 years ago, the last wildhorses in the Americas
became extinct..." (R.J.G. Savage & M.R. Long. 1986. Mammal
Evolution: An Illustrated Guide.Facts on File Publications. Page
204.)
98. ^ Asses and horses are both in the genus Equus so see the
footnote concerning horses.
99. ^ 1 Nephi 18:25[1] (http://www.irr.org/mit/smithsonian.html)
paragraph 4
100. ^ Ether 9:19
101. ^ Donald K. Grayson. 2006. "Late Pleistocene Faunal
Extinctions," Handbook of North American Indians, Volume
3,Environment, Origins and Population. Smithsonian. Pages 208-221.
The Pleistocene extinction of the two Proboscideagenera Mammut and
Mammuthus are mentioned on pages 209 and 212-213."T[he] megafauna
[of North America] then disappeared from the face of the earth
between 12,000 and 9,000 years ago..."(Donald R. Prothero &
Robert M. Schoch. 2002. Horns, Tusks, and Flippers: The Evolution
of Hoofed Mammals. TheJohns Hopkins University Press. Page 176.)"In
North America three other proboscideans survived the end of the Ice
Age--the tundra woolly mammoth (Mammuthusprimigenius), the woodland
American mastodont (Mammut americanum) and the grazing mammoth
(Mammuthusjeffersoni). Hunting by early man is the most likely
cause of the final extinction..." (R.J.G. Savage & M.R. Long.
1986.Mammal Evolution: An Illustrated Guide. Facts on File
Publications. Page 157.)"Mammut became extinct only about 10,000
years ago." (Dougal Dixon et al. 1988. The Macmillan
IllustratedEncyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals.
Collier Books. Page 244.)"M[ammuthus] primigenius survived until
about 10,000 years ago." (Dixon et al. 1988, page 245)
102. ^ 1 Nephi 4:9
103. ^ Alma 18:9
104. ^ Lyle Campbell. 1979. "Middle American languages," The
Languages of Native America: Historical and ComparativeAssessment.
Ed. Lyle Campbell and Marianne Mithun. Austin: University of Texas
Press. Pages 902-1000.Lyle Campbell. 1997. American Indian
Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford
University Press.Jorge Sarez. 1983. The Mesoamerican Indian
Languages. Cambridge University Press.
105. ^ The traditional view of the Book of Mormon suggests that
Native Americans are principally the descendents of anIsraelite
migration around 600 BC. However, DNA evidence shows no Near
Eastern component in the Native Americangenetic make-up. For
example:Simon G. Southerton. 2004. Losing a Lost Tribe: Native
Americans, DNA, and the Mormon Church. Signature Books.The entire
book is devoted to the specific topic of DNA evidence and the Book
of Mormon." ...[T]he DNA lineages ofCentral America resemble those
of other Native American tribes throughout the two continents. Over
99 percent of thelineages found among native groups from this
region are clearly of Asian descent. Modern and ancient DNA samples
testedfrom among the Maya generally fall into the major founding
lineage classes... The Mayan Empire has been regarded byMormons to
be the closest to the people of the Book of Mormon because its
people were literate and culturallysophisticated. However, leading
New World anthropologists, including those specializing in the
region, have found theMaya to be similarly related to Asians.
Stephen L. Whittington...was not aware of any scientists 'in
mainstreamanthropology that are trying to prove a Hebrew origin of
Native Americans... Archaeologists and physical anthropologistshave
not found any evidence of Hebrew origins for the people of North,
South and Central America.'" (pg 191)D. Andrew Merriwether. 2006.
"Mitochondrial DNA," Handbook of North American Indians.
Smithsonian InstitutionPress. Pg 817-830. "Kolman, Sambuughin, and
Bermingham (1995) and Merriwether et al. (1996) used the presence
of A,
-
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Press. Pg 817-830. "Kolman, Sambuughin, and Bermingham (1995)
and Merriwether et al. (1996) used the presence of A,B, C, and D to
argue for Mongolia as the location for the source population of the
New World founders. More specificallyperhaps, they argued that the
present-day Mongolians and present-day Native Americans are both
derived from the sameancestral population in Asia, presumably in
the Mongolia-Southern Siberia-Lake Baikal region. T.G. Schurr and
S.G. Sherry(2004) strongly favor a southern Siberian origin for the
majority of lineages found in the New World." (pg 829)Tatiana M.
Karafet, Stephen L. Zegura, and Michael F. Hammer. 2006. "Y
Chromosomes," Handbook of North AmericanIndians. Smithsonian
Institution. Pp. 831-839. "Zegura et al. (2004) have presented the
following scenario for the earlypeopling of the Americas based on Y
chromosome data: a migration of a single, polymorphic Asian
population acrossBeringia with a potential common source for both
North American founding lineages (Q and C) in the Altai Mountains
ofsouthwest Siberia. Since all their STR-based SNP lineage
divergence dates between the Altai and North Asians versusNative
Americans...ranged from 10,100 to 17,200 year ago, they favored a
relatively late entry model." (pg. 839)Defenders of the book's
historical authenticity suggest that the Book of Mormon does not
disallow for other groups of
people to have contributed to the genetic make-up of Native
Americans.[citation needed] Nevertheless, this is a departurefrom
the traditional view that Israelites are the primary ancestors of
Native Americans, and therefore would be expected topresent some
genetic evidence of Near Eastern origins. A recently announced
change in the Book of Mormon'sintroduction, however, allows for a
greater diversity of ancestry of Native Americans. See, for
example, the followingDeseret News article published on November 9,
2007: Intro Change in Book of Mormon Spurs
Discussion(http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695226049,00.html)
106. ^ Peterson, Daniel C. (January 2000), "Mounting Evidence
for the Book of
Mormon"(http://www.lds.org/ensign/2000/01/mounting-evidence-for-the-book-of-mormon),
Ensign
107. ^a b c d e f g h i j Skousen, Royal. "Changes in the Book
of
Mormon"(http://www.fairlds.org/FAIR_Conferences/2002_Changes_in_the_Book_of_Mormon.html)
(Transcription of livepresentation). 2002 FAIR Conference: FAIR.
Retrieved 2009-09-25.
108. ^a b c Skousen, Royal Skousen (1992). "Book of Mormon
Manuscripts"(http://www.lightplanet.com/mormons/book_of_mormon/manuscripts.html).
Macmillan Publishing Company. Retrieved2013-01-01.
109. ^a b "LDS FAQ: Changes in the Book of Mormon"
(http://www.jefflindsay.com/LDSFAQ/FQ_changes.shtml#printed).JeffLindsay.com.
November 27, 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-01.
110. ^ There are three lines missing from the printer's
manuscript in its current condition, covering 1 Nephi 1:78,
20.http://mi.byu.edu/publications/jbms/?vol=15&num=1&id=401
111. ^ The Zarahemla Research Foundation publishes a 48-page
booklet titled "Book of Mormon Chapter & Verse:
RLDS-LDSConversion Table" to enable readers of an LDS edition to
find references from an RLDS edition and vice versa.
112. ^ The revised text was first published in 1981 and the
subtitle was added in October 1982: Packer, Boyd K. (November1982).
"Scriptures"
(http://www.lds.org/ensign/1982/11/scriptures?lang=eng). Ensign.
"You should know also that byrecent decision of the Brethren the
Book of Mormon will henceforth bear the title The Book of Mormon,
with the subtitleAnother Testament of Jesus Christ."
113. ^a b c d e f g h i j Skousen, Royal (1992). "Book of Mormon
Editions (1830-1981)"
(http://eom.byu.edu/index.php/Book_of_Mormon_Editions_(1830-1981)).
Encyclopedia of Mormonism 1. Macmillan.pp. 1756. Retrieved
2009-02-12.
114. ^ "Church Releases New Edition of English Scriptures in
Digital Formats" (https://www.lds.org/scriptures/press?lang=eng).
lds.org. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Retrieved
6 March 2013.
115. ^ BYU Catalog for "Book of Mormon. English. 1840
(1992)"
116. ^ Johnson, D. Lynn (2000). "The Restored Covenant Edition
of the Book of MormonText Restored to Its Purity?"
(http://ispart.byu.edu/publications/review/?vol=12&num=2&id=352).
FARMS Review (Provo, Utah: FARMS) 12 (2).Retrieved 2009-02-12.
117. ^ Moore, Carrie A. (November 9, 2007). "Intro change in
Book of Mormon spurs
discussion"(http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695226049,00.html).
Deseret News. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
118. ^ Moore, Carrie A. (November 11, 2004). "Doubleday Book of
Mormon is on the
way"(http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,595104489,00.html).
Deseret News. Retrieved 2009-08-26.
119. ^ Experience Press (http://www.experiencepress.org/)
120. ^ "The Book of Mormon - Skousen, Royal; Smith, Joseph"
(http://yalepress.yale.edu/yupbooks/book.asp?isbn=9780300142181).
Yale University Press. Retrieved 2009-09-22.
121. ^ Crawley, Peter (1997). A Descriptive Bibliography of the
Mormon Church, Volume One
1830-1847(http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/rsc,3772). Provo, Utah:
Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University. p. 151.ISBN
1-57008-395-9. Retrieved 2009-02-12.
122. ^ Woodger, Mary Jane (2000). "How the Guide to English
Pronunciation of Book of Mormon Names Came
About"(http://farms.byu.edu/publications/jbms/?vol=9&num=1&id=211).
Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (Provo, Utah:
-
3/26/2014 Book of Mormon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Mormon 21/23
(http://farms.byu.edu/publications/jbms/?vol=9&num=1&id=211).
Journal of Book of Mormon Studies (Provo, Utah:
FARMS) 9 (1). Retrieved 2009-02-21.
123. ^ Skousen May 2001;Skousen January 2001;Skousen March
2001
124. ^ Skousen 2004;Skousen 2005;Skousen 2006
125. ^ "Taking the Scriptures to the World"
(http://www.lds.org/ensign/2001/07/taking-the-scriptures-to-the-world),
Ensign,July 2001: 24
126. ^ Welcome
(http://www.ldscatalog.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/StoreCatalogDisplay?storeId=10151&catalogId=10151&langId=-1)
127. ^ Translation Work Taking Book of Mormon to More People in
More Tongues
(http://www.lds.org/ensign/2005/02/news-of-the-church), "News of
the Church", Ensign, February 2005: 7576
128. ^ Translation Work Taking Book of Mormon to More People in
More Tongues
(http://www.lds.org/ensign/2005/02/news-of-the-church), "News of
the Church", Ensign, February 2005
129. ^ "150 Million and Counting: The Book of Mormon reaches
another
milestone"(http://www.ldschurchnews.com/articles/60797/150-Million-and-Counting-The-Book-of-Mormon-reaches-another-milestone.html),
Church News, 2011-04-18.
130. ^a b "Book of Mormon Reaches 150 Million Copies"
(http://www.lds.org/church/news/book-of-mormon-reaches-150-million-copies),
lds.org, 2011-04-20.
References
Brewster, Quinn (1996). "The Structure of the Book of Mormon: A
Theory of Evolutionary
Development"(http://content.lib.utah.edu/cgi-bin/docviewer.exe?CISOROOT=/dialogue&CISOPTR=11460&CISOSHOW=11376).
Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought 29 (2): 109140..Brodie,
Fawn M. (1971), No Man Knows My History: The Life of Joseph Smith
(2nd ed.), New York: Knopf, ISBN 0-394-46967-4Bushman, Richard
Lyman (2005). Joseph Smith: Rough Stone Rolling. New York: Knopf.
ISBN 1-4000-4270-4.Dunn, Scott C (2002). "Automaticity and the
Dictation of the Book of Mormon". In Vogel, Dan; Metcalf, Brent
Lee.American Apocrypha: Essays on the Book of Mormon. Salt Lake
City, Utah: Signature Books. pp. 1746. ISBN 1-56085-151-1.Faulring,
Scott H (June 2000). "The Return of Oliver Cowdery"
(http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/display.php?table=transcripts&id=50).
The Disciple as Witness: Essays on Latter-day Saint History and
Doctrine in Honor of RichardLloyd Anderson (Provo, Utah: Maxwell
Institute).Givens, Terryl (2002). By the Hand of Mormon: The
American Scripture That Launched a New World
Religion(http://books.google.com/?id=a5OgaD3gle0C&pg=PA33&dq=wife+lucy+Book+of+Mormon+Martin+Harris+gullible).Oxford
University Press. ISBN 0-19-516888-7.Hitchens, Christopher (2007).
god is not Great. New York: Twelve.Howe, Eber Dudley (1834).
Mormonism Unvailed: Or, A Faithful Account of that Singular
Imposition and Delusion, fromits Rise to the Present Time
(http://archive.org/details/mormonismunvaile00howe). Painesville,
Ohio: Telegraph Press.Jessee, Dean (1970). "The Original Book of
Mormon Manuscript"
(https://byustudies.byu.edu/shop/PDFSRC/10.3Jessee.pdf) (PDF).
BYU Studies 10 (3): 1.Midgley, Louis C (1997). "Who Really Wrote
the Book of Mormon?: The Critics and Their
Theories"(http://www.farmsresearch.com/publications/bookschapter.php?bookid=41&chapid=184).
In Reynolds, Noel B. Book ofMormon Authorship Revisited: The
Evidence for Ancient Origins. Provo, Utah: Foundation for Ancient
Research andMormon Studies. pp. 101139. ISBN
0-934893-25-X.Persuitte, David (2000). Joseph Smith and the Origins
of The Book of Mormon (second ed.). McFarland & Company.ISBN
0-7864-0826-X.Price, Robert M (2002). "Prophecy and Palimpsest"
(http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fdialogue&CISOPTR=29050&REC=15&CISOBOX=%22inspired+fiction%22).
Dialogue: A Journal of
Mormon Thought 35 (3).Roberts, Brigham H (1985). Madsen, Brigham
D., ed. Studies of the Book of Mormon. Urbana, Illinois: University
ofIllinois Press. ISBN 0-252-01043-4.Foundation for Ancient
Research & Mormon Studies. (2001a). "Original manuscript of the
Book of Mormon: typographicalfacsimile of the extant text". In
Skousen, Royal. Book of Mormon Critical Text Project. Provo, Utah:
Foundation forAncient Research and Mormon Studies. ISBN
0-934893-04-7.Foundation for Ancient Research & Mormon Studies.
(2001b). Skousen, Royal, ed. Book of Mormon Critical Text
Project
21. Provo, Utah: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon
Studies. ISBN 0-934893-05-5.
-
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Mormon 22/23
Foundation for Ancient Research & Mormon Studies. (2001b).
"Printers manuscript of the Book of Mormon:
typographical facsimile of the entire text in two parts". In
Skousen, Royal. Book of Mormon Critical Text Project 22.Provo,
Utah: Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies. ISBN
0-934893-06-3.Royal Skousen. (2004). "Analysis of textual variants
of the Book of Mormon". In Skousen, Royal. Book of Mormon
Critical Text Project 41. Provo, Utah: Foundation for Ancient
Research and Mormon Studies. ISBN 0-934893-07-1.Royal Skousen.
(2005). "Analysis of textual variants of the Book of Mormon". In
Skousen, Royal. Book of Mormon
Critical Text Project 42. Provo, Utah: Foundation for Ancient
Research and Mormon Studies. ISBN 0-934893-08-X.Skousen, Royal
(2006). "Analysis of textual variants of the Book of Mormon". In
Skousen, Royal. Book of Mormon
Critical Text Project 43. Provo, Utah: Foundation for Ancient
Research and Mormon Studies. ISBN 0-934893-11-X..Smith, Joseph, Jr.
(March 26, 1830). The Book of Mormon: An Account Written by the
Hand of Mormon, Upon PlatesTaken from the Plates of Nephi
(http://www.inephi.com/Search.htm). Palmyra, New York: E. B.
Grandin.Smith, Joseph, Jr. (July 1838). "Editor's note"
(http://www.solomonspalding.com/docs/eldjur03.htm). Elders' Journal
of
the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints 1 (3)Spaulding,
Solomon (1996). Reeve, Rex C, ed. Manuscript Found: The Complete
Original "Spaulding" Manuscript.Provo, Utah: Religious Studies
Center, Brigham Young University.Tvedtnes, John A (1984). "Isaiah
Variants in the Book of Mormon"
(http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?id=2&table=transcripts).
Featured Papers. Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute.Van Wagoner,
Richard S.; Walker, Steven C. (Summer 1982). "Joseph Smith: The
Gift of
Seeing"(http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/dialogue&CISOPTR=16574&REC=16).
Dialogue: A
Journal of Mormon Thought 15 (2): 4868.Vogel, Dan (2004). Joseph
Smith: The Making of a Prophet. Salt Lake City: Signature Books.
ISBN 1-56085-179-1.
Further reading
Paul C. Gutjahr (2012). The Book of Mormon: A Biography. Lives
of Great Religious Books. Princeton University Press.ISBN
978-0-691-14480-1. OCLC 758973671
(//www.worldcat.org/oclc/758973671).Noel B. Reynolds (1997). Book
of Mormon Authorship Revisited: The Evidence for Ancient
Origins(http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/book-of-mormon-authorship-revisited-the-evidence-for-ancient-origins/).Foundation
for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (FARMS). ISBN
0-934893-25-X. OCLC 36877441(//www.worldcat.org/oclc/36877441).Roy
A. Cheville (1964). Scriptures from Ancient America: a Study of the
Book of Mormon. Harald Publishing House.Brent Lee Metcalfe (1993).
New Approaches to the Book of Mormon: Explorations in Critical
Methodology. SignatureBooks. ISBN 1-56085-017-5. OCLC 25788077
(//www.worldcat.org/oclc/25788077).Dan Vogel and Brent Metcalfe,
ed. (2002). American Apocrypha: Essays on the Book of Mormon.
Signature Books.ISBN 1-56085-151-1. OCLC 47870060
(//www.worldcat.org/oclc/47870060).Grant H. Palmer (2002). An
Insider's View of Mormon Origins. Signature Books. ISBN
1-56085-157-0. OCLC
50285328(//www.worldcat.org/oclc/50285328).Simon G. Southerton
(2004). Losing a Lost Tribe: Native Americans, DNA, and the Mormon
Church. Signature Books.ISBN 1560851813. OCLC 55534917
(//www.worldcat.org/oclc/55534917).Daniel C. Peterson, ed. (2008).
The Book of Mormon and DNA
Research(http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/the-book-of-mormon-and-dna-research/).
Neal A. Maxwell Institute forReligious Scholarship. ISBN
9780842527064. OCLC 226304684
(//www.worldcat.org/oclc/226304684).Terryl L. Givens (2002). By the
Hand of Mormon: The American Scripture that Launched a New World
Religion. OxfordUniversity Press. ISBN 019513818X. OCLC 47838555
(//www.worldcat.org/oclc/47838555).John L. Sorenson (2013).
Mormon's Codex: An Ancient American Book. Neal A. Maxwell Institute
for ReligiousScholarship (BYU) and Deseret Book. ISBN
9781609073992. OCLC 828334040
(//www.worldcat.org/oclc/828334040).Ludlow, Daniel H., ed. (1992).
"Book of Mormon" (http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/EoM,5531).
Encyclopedia ofMormonism. New York, NY: Macmillan. pp. 139216. ISBN
0-02-904040-X. OCLC 24502140(//www.worldcat.org/oclc/24502140)
External links
Media related to Book of Mormon at Wikimedia Commons
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Facsimile of the 1830 edition
(http://www.lafeuilledolivier.com/English/Book_of_Mormon_1830_facsimile.pdf)Project
Gutenberg has the full text (http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/17) of
the Book of Mormon in various formats(LDS chapters and
numbering)RLDS 1908 Book of Mormon
(http://www.centerplace.org/hs/bofm/) (RLDS chapters and
numbering)The Book of Mormon; An Account Written By the Hand of
Mormon Upon Plates Taken From the Plates of Nephi.The Library of
Congress (http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/general.34953)Book of Mormon
pdf
(http://media.ldscdn.org/pdf/lds-scriptures/book-of-mormon/book-of-mormon-eng.pdf)
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