BOOK 13 [BL]

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DESIGN-IV: MACHINERY BASIC DESIGN

Ir. Hari Prastowo,

MSc.01 04/4/12 Document Format

REV. DATE DESCRIPTION PREPARED BY CHECKED BY APPROVED BY

02 09/5/12 Categorizing Eq.

I Gusti N. Dirgantara

- -

DOCUMENT NO. DOC. NO. 13 - 42 09 050 - BL

-

Ir. Dwi Priyanta,

MSE.


TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF BALLAST SYSTEM

ATTACHMENT NO. 01 02 - - -

NUMBER OF PAGES 3 2

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PHILOSOPHY

1. INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

1.1 Description 1

1.2 Purpose 1

2. REFERENCES 1

3. ABBREVIATIONS 1

4. DESIGN PARAMETER 2

4.1 Principal Dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

4.2 Germanischer Lloyd Requirements 2

5. DESIGN REQUREMENTS 3

5.1 PIPING SYSTEM 3

5.2 PUMP 3

5.3 VALVE AND FITTING 3

6. SUMMARY 4

ATTACHMENT NO. 01 - CALCULATION

1. Ballast Tank Volume 1

2. Pump Qapacity (Q) 1

3. Diameter of Pipe 1

4. Head Pump 1

5. The Power of Pump and Motor 3

ATTACHMENT NO. 02 - PUMP SPECIFICATION

Pump Specification 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION OF

BALLAST SYSTEM

: DESIGN IV

: 13 - 42 09 050 - BL

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: Table of Contents

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Description

a.

b.

c.

d.

e.

1.2 Objective

2. REFERENCES

a. Germanischer Lloyd Rules and Guidelines 2011

b. Marine Engineering, Roy L. Harrington, "Chapter XX - Piping System" :1971

3. ABBREVIATIONS

vs = Velocity of fluidd = Inside diameter

t = Wall thickness and time

Q = Qapacity

Rn = Reynold number

n = viscocity

hs = head static

hp = head pressure

hv = head velocity

hf = head friction


BALLAST SYSTEM

: DESIGN IV

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: Philosophy

The pump used is a type of centrifugal pump with the greater value in the qapacities than

the head.Overboard, a place that is used to process the disposal of all the sea water that is clean,

located above the load waterline.

The purpose of this document are to determine the technical specification that needed in ballast

system.

Is the system used to maintain balance (stability) in the event of vessel trim or list (capsizes)especially when loading and unloading in the port. To keep the balance needs to be done

charging and disposal of sea water in the ballast tank-tank, and then can keeping the weight as

low as possible and ship can holds the position to even keel condition. Consideration to get the

point the weight as low as possible, the ballast tank is placed on the double bottom. Process

water ballast differenciated into two ballasting (filling ballast water) and deballasting (ballast

water disposal). Working principle of this system is very simple, where pumps are used as

switching from sea water, sea chest and moved into the ballast tanks or tank-emptying the water

ballast tanks to overboard (O/B). This system is designed to be complicated due to the pump

which served as the fluid can only transmit sea water in one direction only. Therefore, the

design is further associated with the public service on Board (General Service System) is done in

other systems interconnect. System design ballasts intimately connected with the process of

loading and unloading in ports, especially the time it takes to load the unloaded, and also

directly affect the change of displacement of the ship. in some literature mentioned that heavy

water ballast overall ranged between 10%-17% of the displacement of the ship. Constituent

Sea Chest, a hole in the center of the bilge water sources for all the needs of ships ballast

water needs, including the number and height is adjusted to the need, which the width is

limited to one frame distance.

The main pipeline and pipeline branches, is where as the water ballast tank transportation,

to design its diameter can be determined from the ballast tank volume and overall design of

charging time with a customized time loading and unloading at the port.

Ballast Tank, the water ballast is to be located on the double bottom tanks and partly in

tank niche. For tank located on the double bottom was split into 2 parts, namely part of the

port and starboard sides each consisting of four tanks.

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hl = head losses

H = head total

4. DESIGN PARAMETER

4.1 Principal Dimension

The following parameters shown below, such as:

1. Lpp = 123 m

2. B = m

3. T = 8.8 m

4. H = m

5. LWL = m

6. Vs = knot = km/hours

7. Distance = Nm = km

8. Time of Voyage = 4 days = 96 hours

9. Weight of Displacement = ton

4.2 Germanischer Lloyd Requirements

a. Arrangement of piping – general (GL part 1 chapter 1 section 1.1.2 Section 11)

b. Piping systems (GL part 1 chapter 1 section 1.1.2 Section 11)

c. Special Requirement for Tanker (GL Part 1, Chapter 2, Section 15)

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: DESIGN IV

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: Philosophy

16184.29

20.2

11.5

127.92

14.5 26.8308

the vent pipe openings are to be located 3 metres away from sources of ignition


BALLAST SYSTEM

Where ballast water tanks may be used exceptionally as dry cargo holds, such tanks are also

to be connected to the bilge system.

Where, on cargo ships, pipelines are led through the collision bulkhead below the freeboard

deck, a shut-off valve is to be fitted directly at the collision bulkhead inside the fore peak.

The valve has to be capable of being remotely operated from above the freeboard deck.

Where the fore peak is directly adjacent to a permanently accessible room (e.g. bow

thruster room) which is separated from the cargo space, this shut-off valve may be fitted

directly at the collision bulkhead inside this room without provision for remote control.

1200 2222.4

Suctions in ballast water tanks are to be so arranged that the tanks can be emptied despite

unfavourable conditions of trim and list.

Where a tank is used alternately for ballast water and fuel (change-over tank), the suction

in this tank is to be connected to the respective system by three-way cocks with L-type

plugs, cocks with open bottom or change-over piston valves. These must be arranged so that

there is no connection between the ballast water and the fuel systems when the valve or

cock is in an intermediate position. Change-over pipe connections may be used instead of

the above mentioned valves. Each change-over tank is to be individually connected to its

respective system.

Means for ballasting segregated ballast tanks adjacent to cargo tanks shall be located in the

cargo area and are to be independent of piping systems forward and aft of the cofferdams.

On oil tankers the fore peak tank may be connected to the ballast systems under following

means are to be provided on the open deck for the measurement of flammable gas

concentrations inside the peak tank

access openings and sounding arrangements to this space are to be located on the open

deck. In case were the fore peak is separated by a cofferdam from the cargo tanks a

bolted manhole may be permitted in an enclosed space with the following warning

the fore peak tank is considered as gas dangerous space

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- Minimum wall thickness:

DN 50 = 6,3 mm

DN 100 = 8,6 mm

DN 125 = 9,5 mm

DN 150 = 11,0 mm

DN 200 and larger = 12,5 mm

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5. DESIGN REQUIREMENT

5.1 PIPING SYSTEM

- Ballast Tank Volume

The ballast tank volume can be determined and shown in formula (1.1) below :

Wballast = D * 10% (1.1)

where,

Wballast = Weight of ballast

D = Weight of displacement

Therefore, we can find the needed ballast volume shown in formula (1.2) :

Vballast = Wballast/ρ air laut (1.2)

- Pump Qapacity (Q)

We need to estimate the filling and disposal time of ballast.

t = 6 hours

and then, we can calculate the value of qapacity through formula (2.1):

Q = Vballast/t (2.1)

- Diameter of Pipe

The following formula (3.1) shown as follow:

dH = (4 x Q)/(v x π)0.5 (3.1)

where,

v = fluid velocity estimation

- Head Pumpa. i. Head static of pump (hs)

hs = T+0.75

ii. Head pressure of pump (hp)

hp = 0 m

iii. Head velocity (hv)

hv = 0 m

iv. Head in suction pipe

n = kinematic viscocity

Reynold number (Rn)

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. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Ballast water pipes, sounding and air pipes shall not pass through cargo oil tanks.

Exemptions for short lengths of pipe may be approved by GL on condition that the following


BALLAST SYSTEM

: DESIGN IV

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: Philosophy

On oil tankers an emergency discharge connection through a spool piece to cargo pumps

may be provided. A non-return device in the ballast system shall be provided to prevent the

backflow of cargo into ballast tanks. The spool piece together with a warning notice shall be

mounted in a conspicuous location in pump room.

Only completely welded pipes or equivalent are permitted.

Where cargoes other than oil products are carried, relaxation from these requirements

may be approved by GL.

up to

"This manhole may only be opened after the tank has been proven gas free or all

sources of ignition have been removed resp. electrical equipment in this space which is

not of certified safe type has been isolated".

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according to formula (3.1) below:

Rn = (v*dH)/n (4.1)

l = 0.02+0.0005/dH (4.2)

Mayor losses (hf)

The following formula (3.3), as follow:

hf = l*L*v2/(D*2g) (4.3)

where,

L = the length of suction pipe

= 7.5 m

- Material and Thickness

Steel Galvanized Pipe

Category M or D

Class III

5.2 PUMP

Centrifugal Pump

5.3 VALVE AND FITTING

a. Gate Valve

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

For the frictional losses (l) will be determned if the value of reynold number <2300will be used formula Re/64, and if not the following formula is 0.02+0.0005/D,

through the following formula (3.2):


BALLAST SYSTEM

: DESIGN IV

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: Philosophy

A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to increase the pressure

and flow rate of a fluid. Centrifugal pumps are the most common type of pump used to move

liquids through a piping system. The fluid enters the pump impeller along a near to the rotating

axis and is accelerated are typically used for large discharge through smaller heads. The example

will be given by Figure 1.3 Centrifugal Pump below.

Figure 1.3 Centrifugal Pump

A globe valve is a type of valve used for regulating flow in pipeline, consisting a

moveable disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body.

Only be used for stop valve, not use in controlling pressure or flow capacity, for very

high pressure, and according to the design of using gate will be minimized the corrotion

efect. Gate Valve can be used in two ways. In this system gate valve used in manifold in

loading and unloading. Below is the example of gate valve, shown in Figure 5.2 Gate

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b. Butterfly Valve

c. Non Return Valve

d. FilterWater Filter

- Sea Chest Strainer

A butterfly valve is a valve which can be used for isolating or regulating flow. The

closing mechanism takes the form of a disk, which allows for quick shut off. Butterfly

valve are generally favored because they are lower in cost to other valve designs as

well as being lighter in weight, meaning less support is required. Used for stop valve

only, for low working pressure. In this system, butterfly valve used in order before the

pump, and as a connecting to another equipment to make a standby function. Below is

the example of butterfly valve, shown in Figure 5.3 Butterfly Valve.

Figure 5.3 Butterfly Valve

Has same function with globe valve, working in very high pressure and just has one-way

direction. Usually this valve is used in order after the pump and another lines that the

fluids shall not back through the same line or just one-way direction.

The sea water and fresh water systems on board ship are provided with line filters in order

to trap the solid impurities flowing in the system. Normally the sea water sides has more

number of filters incorporated in the line as compared to the fresh water system as the

later is a closed system. The different applications for water filters are:

Figure 5.2 Gate Valve

It is fitted in the main suction line of the sea water inlet system to the ship. The filter is

casing normally fitted with marine growth preventive system. Normally a strainer is used in

the sea chest so that the flow of water in the sea line is always maintained.


BALLAST SYSTEM

: DESIGN IV

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: Philosophy

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- Fresh Water System Filter

6 SUMMARY

NO

1

2

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

For the pump selection and spesification refered to attachment no. 02:

=

=

=

=

=

=Power 37 kW

Head 30 m

Rpm 1800 RPM

Merk Taiko

Type EHS-251C

Qapacity 375 m3/h

Head losses2 hl 7.0 m

Head total H 21.7 m

Head losses1 hl 3.4 m

Head friction2 hf 0.9 m

Frictional losses l 0.0

Head friction1 hf 0.9 m

Head velocity hv 0.0 m

Reynold number Rn 344098.9

Head static hs 9.6 m

Head pressure hp 0.0 m

Pump qapacity Q 263.2 m3/h

Time of filling and disposal t 6.0 hours

CALCULATION SYMBOL RESULT

All the fresh water system such as drinking water system, sanitary water system, boiler feed

water system etc. are incorporated with a line filter in the suction side of the pump.


BALLAST SYSTEM

: DESIGN IV

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: Philosophy

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ATTACHMENT NO. 01

CALCULATION


BALLAST SYSTEM


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1. Ballast Tank Volume

The ballast tank volume can be determined and shown in formula (1.1) below :

Wballast =D * 10%

(1.1)where,

Wballast = Weight of ballast

D = Weight of displacement

for the result:

Wballast = D * 10% (1.1)

= 16184.29*10%

= ton

Therefore, we can find the needed ballast volume shown in formula (1.2) :

Vballast = Wballast/ρ air laut (1.2)

= 1618.43/1.025

= m3

2. Pump Qapacity (Q)

We need to estimate the filling and disposal time of ballast.

t = 6 hours

and then, we can calculate the value of qapacity through formula (2.1):

Q = Vballast/t (2.1)

= 1578.96/6

= m3/h

= m3/s

3. Diameter of Pipe

The following formula (3.1) shown as follow:

dH = (4 x Q)/(v x π)0.5 (3.1)

where,

v = fluid velocity estimation

for the result:

dH = (4 x Q)/((v x π)^0.5) (3.1)

= (4 x 0.073)/((3 x π)^0.5)

= m

= mm

= inches

Pipe selection based on ANSI

Inside diameter = inches

Wall thickness = inches

Outside diameter = inches

Pipe size = inches

Schedule No. = 5S

4. Head Pump

i. Head static of pump (hs)

hs = T+0.75

= 8.8+0.75

= m

ii. Head pressure of pump (hp)

hp = 0 m

9.55

4.00

3 1/2


BALLAST SYSTEM

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: Attachment No. 01

95.14

3.75

3.834

0.83

1618.43

1578.96

263.16

0.073

0.09514

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

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iii. Head velocity (hv)

hv = 0 m

iv. Head in suction pipen = kinematic viscocity

n = m2/s

dH = Inside diameter

= inches

= m

Reynold number (Rn)

according to formula (3.1) below:

Rn = (v*dH)/n (4.1)

= (3*0.09738)/0.000000849

=

l = 0.02+0.0005/dH (4.2)

= 0.02+0.0005/0.09738

=

Mayor losses (hf)

The following formula (3.3), as follow:

hf = l*L*v2/(D*2g) (4.3)

where,

L = the length of suction pipe

= 7.5 m

for the result according to formula (4.3):

hf = l*L*v2/(D*2g)

= 0.025*7.5*(3^2)/(0.09738*2*9.8)

= m

Minnor losses (hl)

No n

1 1

2 2

3 1

4 2

5 1

6 1

head losses = k total*v2/(2g)

= 7.45*(3^2)/(2*9.8)

= m

0.000000849

3.834

0.09738

Butterfly valve 0.86 1.72

3.421

SDRNV 1.23 1.23

total 7.45

Filter 1.5 1.5

Gate valve 0.15 0.15

Elbow 90o

0.57 0.57

T-join 1.14 2.28

0.025

0.88

Types k nxk

344098.9

For the frictional losses (l) will be determned if the value of reynold number <2300 will

be used formula Re/64, and if not the following formula is 0.02+0.0005/D, through the

following formula (3.2):


BALLAST SYSTEM

: DESIGN IV

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: 01

: Attachment No. 01

. . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . .

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v. Head in discharge pipe

Minnor losses (hl)

No n1 2

2 4

3 8

4 1

5 1

6 1

head losses = k total*v2/(2g)

= 15.19*(3^2)/(2*9.8)

= m

Therefore, the total of Heads are:

H = hs+hv+hp+hf1+hf2+hl1+hl2

= 9.55+0+0+0.88+0.88+3.421+6.975

= m

5. The Power of Pump and Motor

Required:

Head = m

Capacity = m3/h

For the pump selection and spesification:

=

=

=

=

=

=

: DESIGN IV

: 13 - 42 09 050 - BL

: 01

: Attachment No. 01

Rpm 1800 RPM

Power 37 kW

Qapacity 375 m3/h

Head 30 m

21.71

263.160

Merk Taiko

Type EHS-251C

1.14

SDRNV 1.23

total 15.19

1.23

6.975

21.71

Types k nxkElbow 90

o0.57

Butterfly valve 0.86 0.86

Gate v/v remotely 0.2 0.2

T-join 1.14 4.56

Butterfly v/v remotely 0.9 7.2


BALLAST SYSTEM

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ATTACHMENT NO. 02

PUMP SPECIFICATION


BALLAST SYSTEM

BOOK 13 [BL]

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