Bonj(o)u(r) Vol 06.02

F R A N C E I N M A L T A

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The glocal news magazine on France Vol. 06.02 December2011NationFrenchman Jules Hoffman receives the Nobel prize Page 2

In depthA look at France in the Nobel Prize listPage 3

France and MaltaCultural and personal l inks that have built strong bonds across the ages. Page 4

France and Cars Cars and France : past and present Page 5

Tech newsFrance, always an avant-garde in sciencePage 6

E D I T O R I A L

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2 Bonj(o)u(r)

French Scientific Researcher Awarded Nobel Prize for Medicine

As chair of the G20 this year, France hosted the group’s annual summit from November 3-4. Ministers from member governments gathered in Cannes to discuss the most pressing of international questions, with a focus on improving global stability through means such as market regulation and international dialogue.

According to the Cannes Declaration, a communiqué summarizing the key points of the meetings, the G20 made combating widespread unemployment one of its top priorities. Attendees worked to formulate an Action Plan for Growth and Jobs.

“We are committed to renewing e!orts to combat unemployment and promote decent jobs, especially for youth and others who have been most a!ected by the "nancial crisis,” the declaration stated. The group also called for greater cooperation between international organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The declaration also asserted the necessity of an ongoing social dialogue with labor unions and other groups to accompany economic reforms.

Jules Hoffmann and Bruce Beutler jointly won the 2011 Nobel Prize in Medicine with cell biologist Ralph Steinmann. Mr. Hoffmann, a French biologist, and Mr. Beutler, an American immunologist, share the prize “for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity.”Mr. Hoffmann and Mr. Beutler are responsible for the discovery of key agents in the immune system’s activation, the “gatekeepers” of the human body’s natural defenses, according to an official press release from the Nobel website. The scientists’ discoveries may usher in sweeping changes in modern medicine, including the improvement of prevention and treatment of infections, cancer and other inflammatory illnesses.Mr. Hoffmann expressed considerable surprise following the

announcement. “I didn’t think our [research] would lead to a Nobel prize,” he told reporters. “We worked on this for 40 years.” The researcher was made aware of the news from staff at the reception desk of his Shanghai hotel, where he was participating in a conference. They informed Mr. Hoffmann of his win after being bombarded with telephone calls from international press professionals, according to Bloomberg. Now a French citizen, Mr. Hoffmann was born in Luxembourg in 1941. He studied at the University of Strasbourg in France, where he obtained his PhD in 1969. He received postdoctoral training at the University of Marburg, Germany, then returned to Strasbourg, where he headed a research laboratory from 1974 to 2009. He has also served as President of the French National Academy of Sciences. See page 3 for more on the rich history of France’s 58 Nobel prizes.

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France Hosts G20 Summit in Cannes

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Bonj(o)u(r) 3

France & the Nobel Prizes: An Inspiring TraditionI N D E P T H

A little-known story in the annals of phi lanthropy history goes like this: When A l f red Nobe l ’ s b rother Ludvig died in Cannes in 1888, French newspapers mistook one brother for the o ther and e r roneous ly reported the death of the multi-millionaire inventor of d y n am i t e . O n e p a p e r a n n o u n c e d A l f r e d ’ s supposed end with the headline “Le Marchand de la Mo r t e s t Mo r t ” ( “ T h e

Merchant of Death Is Dead”). Mr. Nobel was shocked by his public image. When his actual death came eight years later, he left $250 million to endow five Nobel Prizes, the fifth to be given “to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations ... and promotion of peace congresses.” Alfred Nobel’s prizes have honored some of the most iconic French figures of the twentieth century, including Pierre and Marie Curie (1903, 1911), Albert Camus (1957) and Jean-Paul Sartre (1967). France has won prizes in each of the five categories and holds the record for most awards in literature for any country.

France Strives for International Cooperation and PeaceThe first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Parisian economist Frédéric Passy in 1901. Mr. Passy was recognized for his monumental contributions to international cooperation, including his introduction of the arbitration method, which uses judicial methods to solve international disputes. Twenty years later, Léon Bourgeois, president of the League of Nations and former prime minister of France, was the first French political leader to be awarded the prize. Following his example, Prime Minister Aristide Briand won the Peace Prize in 1926 for his work on the Locarno

Treaties, which ushered in a welcome but short-lived peace in Europe. A year later, Mr. Briand and American Secretary of State Frank Kellogg jointly initiated the Kellogg- Briand Pact, which prohibited the use of war as “an instrument of national policy” except in matters of self-defense.

Research Reaps RewardsThe Nobel prizes have also repeatedly honored another important domain of French culture: the public research sector. In 1903, when Marie Curie, Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel won the Nobel Prize in Physics, it was a result of Mr. Curie’s work at the public Municipal School of Industrial Physics and Chemistry in Paris. Since then, several French research institutes and universities have been affiliated with the prize. These include France’s oldest university, the Sorbonne, and biggest research organization, the National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), which was founded in 1939 “to evaluate and carry out all research capable of advancing knowledge” and recently opened a branch office here in Malta. France has not only accumulated 32 prizes in chemistry, medicine and physics, but also a number of world-renowned laureates whose innovations have impacted science immensely. Though Louis Pasteur̶a celebrated scientist who pre-dated the prizes̶is not included, ten laureates have been affiliated with the famous Institut Pasteur, which he founded. These include Françoise Barré-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier, who in 1983 isolated and identified the virus that causes AIDS.

Continuing the LegacyOn October 3, 2011, Jules Hoffmann became the fifty-eighth French person to win a Nobel Prize when he was recognized for his research on immunity. President Sarkozy stated that Mr. Hoffmann’s award “honors the University of Strasbourg, the CNRS, the French scientific community and the entire country.”Carrying on his final wish to facilitate creation rather than destruction, Alfred Nobel’s prize offers a globally influential nod to French contributions in human advancement and world peace,

Famous French Nobel prize winnersTop: Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clézio earned the Nobel prize for literature in 2008. He joined the ranks of France’s 14 laureates in the field, the most for any country. France’s lineage of Nobel laureates includes (L-R): Marie Curie (1903, 1911), Aristide Briand (1926), Albert Camus (1957), Jean-Paul Sartre (awarded 1967, declined), Luc Montagnier and Françoise Barré-Sinoussi (1983), Jacques Monod (1965) and René Cassin (1968)

4 Bonj(o)u(r)

FrenchConnectionA quick look at a passion common to Maltese and French : W i n e s

Maltese-French «entente» on wines is also a story about a special bonding between prominent Maltese personalities and the Jurade de Saint-Émilion.

Situated 35 kms to the northeast of Bordeaux, Saint-Émilion is a World Heritage site with a history that goes back to prehistoric times. While the town is rich in its Romanesque churches and architecture, the vineyards that make Saint-Émilion that date back to the second century stand out in a class of their own. Saint-Émilion remains today a temple to the best wine-making traditions in the world.

The Jurade de Saint-Émilion dates back to 1199 when King John, John Lackland, confirmed the political, economic and judicial rights given by his brother King Richard, Coeur de Lion to important people in Saint-Émilion in order to ensure the administration of the City. In exchange, England had the privilege of the wines of Saint-Émilion. When the area came under French sovereignty in the late 15th century, the Jurade’s rights, duties and powers were confirmed anew by the Kings of France. The Jurade governed the City until the French Revolution. Today the members of the Jurade are Ambassadors of the wines of Saint-Émilion and aim to guarantee their authenticity and quality.

Each year, the Jurade de Saint-Émilion «intronises» prominent personalites in different fields and who have an interest in wines. Among others, Malta boasts of Brian Schembri, Kenneth Zammit-Tabona and Joseph Calleja as members of the Jurade. Maestro Brian Schembri has organised many music recitals around the idea and spirit of St Emilion since 2000. Alongwith Tenor Joseph Calleja, he also gave an exceptional concert at Saint-Émilion in 2009.

This week, the Jurade’s Maltese Chancelor and wine-expert Michael Tabone is organising a series of events with a a delegation of 12 members of the Jurade especially on Saturday 10th. On this day, the Jurade will «intronise» a few prominent people of the Maltese islands after a High Mass at St. John’s Co-Cathedral. This will be followed by a charity lunch hosted by H.E. President George Abela in favour of the Community Chest Fund. The same evening, there will be a concert at Teatru Manoel directed by Mro Brian Schembri.

For general information, please contact Mr Tabone at [email protected]. For lunch bookings or more information please contact the Community Chest Fund. For the Teatru Manoel concert, please contact Ms Mary Ann Cauchi at [email protected]

M A L T A a n d F R A N C E

! ! Bonj(o)u(r)! 9

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Car Sharing in Paris Goes Electric

Government Aims for “French Ivy League”

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French Car, World’s Oldest, Sells for Record Bid

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6 Bonj(o)u(r)

France, Morocco Launch First High-Speed Railway in Africa and Arab World

Thirty years after opening its first high-speed track between Paris and Lyon, France has begun work on a new set of t r a i n s t h a t w i l l r e v o l u t i o n i z e transportation in Morocco. Slated to open in 2015, the TGV (train de grande vitesse, or high-speed train) will run parallel to Morocco’s Atlantic coast, linking the port city of Tangier to its economic capital, Casablanca. The project will cut travel time between the cities by over two hours. A joint venture by France and Morocco, these bullet trains will be the first of their kind in Africa and the Arab world.With red carpets, trumpets and lavishly dressed footmen, King Mohammed VI rece ived P res ident Sa rkozy on September 29 in Tangier to celebrate the inauguration of work on the new project. The TGV project is expected to foster economic growth and new types of infrastructure to serve the region’s increasingly mobile population. In the last eight years the number of Moroccans travelling by train has more than doubled, from 14 million in 2003 to 34 million in 2011. This figure is expected to climb to 50 million within four years.

Areva, Public Energy Co., To Install Wind Turbine Factory in Le Havre

Best known for its work in nuclear power, French public industrial conglomerate Areva has selected Le Havre as the site of its first French wind turbine plant. The planned facility will be Areva’s second such project: the first one is located in Bremerhaven, Germany. By building its new plant in Le Havre, Areva will be able to take advantage of the n o r t hw e s t e r n F r e n c h c i t y ’ s strategically placed ports, through which they can supply projects throughout Northern Europe.A r e v a , w h i c h i s 9 0 p e r c e n t government-owned, predicts that the Le Havre project will create 1,000 local jobs, a number that the company hopes will grow to 10,000 in the next decade.The company has plans to continue expanding in the field of wind power, and will be a major contender for several projects announced this year by the French government as part of its resolution to make 23 percent of

French energy renewable by 2020.Earlier this year the government announced projects in five zones along the northwestern French coast: Le Tréport, Fécamp, Courseulles-sur-mer, Saint-Brieuc and Saint-Nazaire. Areva plans to bid for all five of these. The company with the winning bid

will supply turbines for the projects’ launch in July 2012.

A World First: Successfully Reproduced Red Blood Cells

At the Pierre and Marie Curie-Inserm University in Paris last October, a team led by Dr. Luc Douay completed a world first. Dr. Douay and his team successfully reproduced red blood cells and were able to transfuse them back into their donor. This discovery is very good news for the team’s partners at the French National Blood Service (EFS), which oversees blood donation in France.Dr. Douay’s goal was to produce red blood cells that could function and be recognized by the body as natural blood cells. Because the need for blood transfusions is growing rapidly in France and across the world, they hope their discovery will bring an end to the shortage.The average blood pack contains roughly two trillion cells. Dr. Douay’s laboratory has already produced several billion cells, and by 2015 he hopes to increase the production of red blood cells from the laboratory level to the industrial level, thus diminishing the need for blood donations by making blood transfusions easier. This wou ld a l s o make i t e a s i e r t o accommodate all patients with their correct blood type.

T E C H , S C I E N C E & E N V I R O N M E N T

Bonj(o)u(r) 7

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Bonj(o)u(r)Editor-in-Chief

Tudor Alexis

Editorial team and

contributors

Dana Pucarescu William C. Fleeson

Eric Liu Julien Gustinelli

Eliza LaJoieShavonia Corbin-

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French Oscar Submission Depicts Struggle, Celebrates Life

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