BONES OF THE UPPER LIMB

BONES OF THE UPPER LIMB

The Resting Arm… by Vinod More

Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D. 03.January.2014 Friday

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UPPER LIMB

Radius Ulna

Wrist Carpals

MANUS

64 137 66.5

%

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1

2

1

8

5

14

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Efficiency of hand function ability to place it in the proper position by movements

at the upper limb joints

UPPER LIMB

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associated with lateral aspect of the lower portion of the neck thoracic wall

Suspended from the trunk by muscles & a small skeletal articulation between clavicle & sternum: sternoclavicular joint

UPPER LIMB

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proximal segment of the limb overlaps parts of the trunk (thorax and back) and lower lateral neck

Shoulder

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Pectoral (shoulder) gırdle

bony ring, posteriorly formed by the scapulae and clavicles anteriorly by formed by the manubrium of the sternum

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ARM -BRACHIUM

First segment of the free upper limb & longest segment of the limb Between shoulder and elbowAnterior & posterior segments of the arm around the humerus

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Second longest segment of the limb Between elbow wrist & Includes anterior & posterior regions overlying the radius and ulna

Forearm-AntebrachIum

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part of the upper limb distal to the forearm

formed around the carpus, metacarpus, and phalanges.

composed of the wrist, palm, dorsum of hand, and digits

Hand-manus

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BONES OF THE PECTORAL GIRDLE

CLAVICLE

SCAPULA

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CLAVICLEKöprücük kemiği

the only bony attachment between the trunk and the upper limb

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CLAVICLEKöprücük kemiği

the only bony attachment between the trunk and the upper limbpalpable along its entire length

S-shaped contourforward-facing convex part medial forward-facing concave part lateral

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CLAVICLE

medial sternal end articulates with manubrium sternoclavicular joint

lateral end acromial endarticulates with acromion of scapula acromioclavicular joint

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CLAVICLE

Inferior surface-near the acromial endconoid tubercle –medial part of-trapezoid line –lateral part of-coracoclavicular ligament

Medial 1/3 of the clavicle’s shaftsubclavian groove – subclavius muscle

More mediallyimpression for the costoclavicular ligamentbinding 1st rib to clavicleLimiting elevation of the shoulder

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Functions of the Clavicle

A moveable, rigid support limb has maximum freedom of motion.

A boundary of the cervico-axillary canal (passageway between the neck and the arm), protection to the neurovascular bundle supplying the upper limb.

Transmits shocks from the upper limb to the axial skeleton.

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SCAPULAShoulder blade / Kürek kemiğilarge, flat triangular bone

lies on the posterolateral aspect of the thoraxbetween 2nd-7th ribs

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SCAPULAAnterior viewthree angles

lateral, superior, and inferior

three borders superior, lateral, and medial

two surfaces costal and posterior

three processes AcromionSpineCoracoid process

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SCAPULAPosterior view

AcromionSupraspinous fossaInfraspinous fossaSpine of scapulaSuprascapular notch

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SCAPULALateral view

Glenoid cavitySupraglenoid tubercleInfraglenoid tubercleAcromionCoracoid process

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BONE OF THE ARMHUMERUS

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HUMERUSthe largest bone in the upper limb

articulates w/

Scapula Glenohumeral (Shoulder) joint

Radius & Ulna

elbow joint

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HUMERUSIn cross-section, shaft triangular with:

anterior, lateral, & medial borders

anterolateral, anteromedial, posterior surfaces

Intermuscular septaattach to medial & lateral borders.

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HUMERUSproximal end

HeadNeck

-Anatomical neck-Surgical neck

Greater tubercleLesser tubercleIntertubercular groove

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HUMERUSshaft

Deltoid tuberosityMedial and lateral supraepicondylar (supracondylar) ridgesRadial groove

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HUMERUSdistal end

Anterior view Posterior view

TrochleaCapitilum

Olecranon fossa

Coronoid fossa

Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle

Radial fossa

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BONES OF THE FOREARMULNAmedial and longer of the two forearm bones

RADIUSlateral and shorter of the two forearm bones

MORE IMAGES99-103

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For articulation with the humerus1) Olecranon2) Coronoid process Radial notch @ the lateral surface articulation with head of radius

ULNAproximal

end

articulation with humerus proximally head of the radius laterally

Tuberosity of ulnaInferior to coronoid process

Trochlear notch Semilunar notch

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ULNAshaft

triangular in cross-section and has: three borders anterior, posterior, and interosseousthree surfaces anterior, posterior, and medialSupinator crestInferior to radial notch @ lateral surfaceSupinator fossaOn the lateral surface, under the radial notch

Broad superiorly, continuous with large proximal end Narrow distally to form a small distal head

Supinator muscle

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ULNAdistal end

Head of the ulna

Ulnar styloid process

Ulna does not reach and participate to the radiocarpal (wrist) joint!

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RADIUSproximal end &

shaftA short headNeckRadial tuberosityOblique line

The shaft of the radius in contrast to that of the ulnagradually enlarges triangular in cross-section, with: three borders anterior, posterior, and interosseousthree surfaces anterior, posterior, and lateral

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RADIUSdistal endDorsal tubercle of the radiusRadial styloid processUlnar notch

SHAFTtriangular in cross-section, with: three borders anterior, posterior, and interosseousthree surfaces anterior, posterior, and lateral

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BONES OF THE HAND

MORE IMAGES104--108

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BONES OF THE HAND

BONES OF THE HAND

Proximal row of carpal bones

lateral to medialScaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform

Distal row of carpal bones

lateral to medialTrapeziumTrapezoidCapitate Hamate

I am sailing with my little boat on a summer nightThe moon is crescentI am filling my three-cornered hat with beas falling off the sky

Table(Little)HeadOn a Hook

BONES OF THE HAND

Proximal row of carpal bones

lateral to medialScaphoid Lunate SeLoTyP Triquetrum Pisiform

Distal row of carpal bones

lateral to medialTrapezium ToToCu HasanTrapezoidCapitate Hamate

She Looks Too Pretty; Try To Catch Her

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BONES OF THE HANDCarpal arch

The carpal bones do not lie in a flat plane; rather, they form an arch, whose base is directed anteriorly.

lateral side of this base formed by tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium.medial side formed by pisiform & hook of hamate.

base

head