Bones: An Overview Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology Pages 116 - 118 1.

Bones: An Overview

Essentials of Human

Anatomy & Physiology

Pages 116 - 118

1

Functions of the Bones

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Support

• form internal framework that supports and anchors all soft organs

• legs support trunk

• rib cage supports thoracic wall

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Protection

• Skull protects brain

• Vertebrae protects spinal cord

• Rib cage protects vital organs of thorax

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Movement

• Skeletal muscles use the bones as levers to move the body and its parts.

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Storage

• Stores fat in internal cavities.

• Stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.

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Blood Cell Formation• Hematopoiesis occurs within the marrow

cavities of certain bones.

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Types of Osseous Tissue

• Compact Bone– dense– Looks smooth– Homogeneous

• Spongy Bone– Composed of small needlelike pieces and lots

of open spaces

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Compact & Spongy

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Classification of Bones

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Long Bones

• Typically longer than they are wide

• Have a shaft and heads at both ends

• Bones of limbs (except wrist and ankles)

• Mostly compact bones

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Short Bones

• Generally cubed-shaped

• mostly spongy bone

• Bones of wrist and ankles

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Flat Bones

• Thin, flattened, usually curved

• Two thin layers of compact sandwiching a layer of spongy

• Bones of skull, ribs, and sternum

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Irregular Bones

• Bones that do not fit any of the other categories

• Vertebrae and hip bones

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