Bone Morphogenetic Protein But Not Transforming Growth Factor-β Enchances Bone Formation in Canine Diaphyseal Nonunions Implanted with a Biodegradable.
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Bone Morphogenetic Protein But Not Transforming Growth Factor-β Enchances Bone Formation in Canine Diaphyseal
Nonunions Implanted with a Biodegradable Composite Polymer*†
by JAMES D. HECKMAN, WILLIAM EHLER, BRYAN P. BROOKS, THOMAS B. AUFDEMORTE, CHRISTOPH H. LOHMANN, THANE MORGAN, and BARBARA D.
Figs. 2-A through 2-D: Radiographs of the radius of a fourteen-kilogram dog that was treated with implantation of a polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid carrier without growth factors (group A).
JAMES D. HECKMAN et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999;81:1717-29
Fig. 2-D Three months after implantation of the carrier, no bone-healing was evident and the plate was broken, indicative of persistent motion at the site of the nonunion.
JAMES D. HECKMAN et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999;81:1717-29
Figs. 3-A through 3-D: Radiographs of the radius of a thirteen-kilogram dog that was treated with implantation of a polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid carrier with fifteen milligrams of BMP (group
D).
JAMES D. HECKMAN et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999;81:1717-29
Fig. 3-D Twelve weeks after implantation of the carrier, there was clear evidence of complete endosteal bridging and some evidence of periosteal bridging.
JAMES D. HECKMAN et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999;81:1717-29
Figs. 4-A through 4-E: Photomicrographs of paraffin-embedded sections of specimens from the five groups (hematoxylin and eosin; original magnification, x 16).
JAMES D. HECKMAN et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999;81:1717-29
Fig. 4-C Specimen treated with 1.5 milligrams of BMP (group C), showing a moderate amount of residual matrix persisting in the upper 50 percent of the nonunion site.
JAMES D. HECKMAN et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999;81:1717-29
Fig. 4-E Specimen treated with ten nanograms of TGF-β1 alone (group E), showing fibrous connective tissue with inflammation and focal residual carrier and no bridging of the defect site.
JAMES D. HECKMAN et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1999;81:1717-29