BONDING The joining together of elements in order to fill their outer shells. CH 4.

BONDINGThe joining together of elements in order to fill their outer shells.

CH4

3 basic types of bonds

• Ionic

• Covalent

• Metallic

compound types

• ionic compounds• Metal /non-metal• (+) (-) charges• IONIC BONDS• CONDUCTS electricity

(when dissolved or melted)• usually SOLID at room

temperature• HIGH melting & boiling

points

• molecular compounds• non-metals• SHARE electrons (no

charges)• COVALENT BONDS• NOT CONDUCTIVE

• usually LIQUID or GAS at room temperature

• LOW melting & boiling points

Ionic Bond

• Between atoms of metals and nonmetals with very different electronegativity

• Bond formed by transfer of electrons from one atom to another (CHARGES FORM)

• Produce charged ions all states. Examples; NaCl, CaCl2, K2O

• METAL + NON-METAL

• Contain charges

Ionic Bonds: One Big Greedy Thief Dog!

DETERMINING IONIC FORMULAS

• Metal written 1st

• Non-metals written 2nd

• Determine charges

• If charges not equal and opposite CRISS-CROSS the numbers (not the charges

• Sodium chloride

• Na Cl• Calcium oxide

• Ca O• Potassium sulfide

• K S• Calcium nitride

• Ca N

COVALENT BONDbond formed by the sharing of electrons

NO CHARGES!!!

Covalent Bond• Formed by sharing

electron pairs• When NON-METAL

joins with another NON-METAL.

• Non-metal + non-metal

• Examples; O2, CO2, C2H6, H2O, SiC

Ionic vs. Covalent? complete e- dot symbols

• CaCl2 (I or C) SO2 (I or C)

• CO2 (I or C) Al2O3 (I or C)

• FeCl3 (I or C) Na2O (I or C)

Determine the proper formula for each of the following ionic compounds

• Ca O Al S

• K O Na Cl

• B O Sr F

• Li S Al P

General Chemistry – Unit 6 Worksheet 3

Electron-Dot DiagramsPart 1

Use electron dot symbols to represent the formation of the stable ionic compounds from neutral atoms.

• 1. K and I 2. Sr and F

• 3. Na and S 4. Al and Cl

Part 2Draw electron dot diagrams for the following

covalent molecules.

• 5. Br2 6. NF3

• 7. CH4 8. HOF

• 9. H2O2 10. N2H4

• 11. C2H4 12. N2