Bojan Lazarevic

Instructional Potential of Clicker (response system),

iPod (audio podcasting), and Mobile Phone (SMS)

&Learning Theories.

Dr. Bojan Lazarevic - Mount Saint Mary College.Newburgh, New York, USA.

&Dr. Ilker Yengin - A*STAR, Institute of High Performance Computing

Singapore, Singapore.

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Choosing the Right Technology

http://www.unf.edu/cirt/edtech/clickers/Clickers.aspx

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What Does Learning Theories Tell Us ?

• The Unified Learning Model (ULM)

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General Rules of Learning

• Rule 1. New Learning Requires Attention: “Teaching and instruction are about getting learners to attend things”

• Devices should be able to directing learners’ attention.• Asking questions is a good method to direct attention

to a specific point.

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• Rule 2. Learning Requires Repetition: “Teaching needs to include retrieving and for skills, practice”

• Teachers should build statements in questions according to learners existing knowledge. This will lead retrieving previous knowledge of learning as well as using it in variety of situations.

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• Rule 3. Learning Is About Connections: “Effective teaching and instruction are about insuring that learners are attending proper connections”

• Teachers should give opportunity to test the validity of learners existing connections.

• Analysis questions are good for this purpose.

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• Rule 4. Some Learning is Effortless; Some Requires Effort: “Since school is about deliberately learning specific information and skills, learning in school will be difficult (needs effort)”.

• In class interactions are important but not the only way of flexible discovery of knowledge.

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• Rule 5. Learning is Learning: “At the level of neuron, human learning is human learning, the only difference comes from previous experiences. What we already know impacts what we can learn next or more easily”

• The learner is unique in personality so we may build on his experiences to bring him a mastery level. (Personal learning).

• It is important to keep track of learners activities (such as his responses into data base for further analysis)

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What is a Clicker ?

• A Personal Response System

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Clickers

Introduction to The Technology

• Personal response systems• Instant assessment• Instant feedback• Increase engagement• Increase retention • Test students• Interactive discussions• Keep records of reposes• Take class attendance


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Designing Lectures with Clickers

• Usually teachers design slides such as Power Point.• Pose questions• Record students responses• Depends on instructor facilitation• Trend analysis are also available

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Equipment Requirements

Network:• Simple signaling (like TV

remotes).• Radio or infrared

Classroom Settings:• Receivers • Handsets• Projector • Computer to run

software• Mic. And speakers

(optional)

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ClickersComparison to Other Technologies

Mobile Phone• Increase the active

participation • Instant feedback • Support on demand

applications • Collaboration and

cooperation• Support two way interaction.• True mobile and distance

learning.

I-Pod• Collaboration and

cooperation in some cases.• True mobile and distance

learning.

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ClickersUnique Benefits and Advantages

• Physical face-to-face interaction • No the telepresence • Increase students’ attention • Focus to the specific topic discussed • Higher engagement

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ClickersDisadvantages and Challenges

• Not flexible in terms of mobility and freedom • Without clicker software NO benefit for the interaction• Registration problems• Technical problems • Inadequate classroom physical structures• Students can change their clickers • Students can forget to bring their clickers • Requires re-design for existing course materials

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ClickersSocial and Economical Values – Impacts

Cons• Buy certain textbooks from certain

publishers • Impossible to modify software

functions • Not aimed for cross - platforms • Could lead to requiring students to

buy different clickers for different courses.

• Not a usual daily used technology .• Poor adoption and acceptance• Scalability, portability and re-

usability of this system is very low .

Pros• Receivers + transmitters are

cheap• Creates a social community

oriented learning environment

• Becoming another popular trend

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Designing Lectures with Clickers

• Podcasting Design• Anyplace and anytime access to lesson

material.• Students also record their own materials using

additional mic.

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Network:• Internet connection to

deliver – receive the contents.

• RSS requirements• Server to upload files

Classroom Settings:• Can be used outside of

the classroom .• In classroom it would be

nice to have computers to download content.

• Charging stations.• Additional mic.

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What is an iPod

• A portable media player • Stores and plays digital media (audio, images,

video, documents, etc.).

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iPods


• Podcasting • RSS (really simple

syndication) • Listeners should download

audio content • Deliver lessons and voice

recording

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iPodsComparison to Other Technologies

Mobile Phone• Access the content anywhere • No Dependence on other

technology • TRUE on demand applications • Receive updates automatically • Support TWO way interaction.• True mobile and distance

learning.

Clickers• Collaboration and

cooperation in some cases.

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iPodsUnique Benefits and Advantages

• Ease of use• Cheap – easy production • Cheap-easy installation of the systems • Scalable• NO reading in a small screen <> listen the content anywhere

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iPodsDisadvantages and Challenges

• Not good IF noise in the environment• Hard to focus on listening • Background noise while recoding • A chance for lazy students • Challenging maintenance • Transferring audio files • Issues of compatibility between operating systems and iTunes software .• Uploading the files for podcasting • Managing RSS• Recording voice to iPod • Send files to the instructor• Requires re-design for existing course materials into audio

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iPodsSocial and Economical Values – Impacts

Cons• Lack of F2F Communication• Technical problems for

production and usage.

Pros• Production and delivery is

really cheap .• FTP and server • IPod is a very popular

device all over the world • Effective use of free and

wasted time of students time

• Teacher owns the content• A social tool.

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What is a Mobile Phone (Not a Smart Phone) ?

• Can make and receive telephone calls and send and receive short text messages using radio link around a wide geographic area.

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What is a SMS ?

• A short message services (SMS) any-time and anywhere a mobile technology .

• Sending and receiving text messages using global or local network-based infrastructures.

• Generally 160 characters long.

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Mobile Phones


• SMS• On demand, any-time and

anywhere • Not a new concept • Most of the countries and

universities already have the network infrastructure.

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Designing Lectures with Mobile Phones

• ‘Push’ model allows the school or the teacher to send out messages to learners enrolled in a specific lesson.

• ‘Pull’ system enables learners to receive information using a menu system.

• Capable for short answering, ranking, matching, fill in blanks, true/false, multiple choice questions

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Network:• Mobile network service

providers.• In-Campus aggregators.

Classroom Settings:• SMS server that can

host a database

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Mobile Phones Comparison to Other Technologies

iPod• No fixed location or time • No Dependence on other

technology • Receive updates

automatically • True mobile and distance

learning.

Clickers• Collaboration and

cooperation.• Engage in discussions

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Mobile PhonesUnique Benefits and Advantages

• True on DEMAND• Capacity of storing information and received texts in SIM cards

.• Receive information and feedback on real time and on demand • A daily technology• Easy to use and adapt• Scalable• Two way technology • Support different platforms applications (mobile to mobile,

computer to mobile etc.)

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Mobile PhonesDisadvantages and Challenges

• SMS spam • Small screen sizes and small keypads • Costly to install and maintain

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Mobile PhonesSocial and Economical Values – Impacts

Cons• Costs depended to mobile

phone service providers.• Ownership and service

installation for some applications may be costly.

Pros• Free services in the campus• No need to investigate on a

new technology. • Scalable• Wide all over the world • Students already own

mobile phones.• Teacher owns the content.• A social tool.

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The Winner !!!

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Conclusion - Mobile Phones Superiorities

• Fulfills the functions of clickers and iPod (via texts rather than audio)

• Instantly on demand

• Two way interaction is supported totally by mobile

• Access the network anywhere in the world

• More global and flexibile

• Is not dependent on one company <>getting a monopoly is reduced

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Conclusion - Mobile Phones Superiorities

• More open systems than clickers and ipod in terms of developing different kinds of models and projects for education

• Do not have any dependencies other than service provider

• Nearly every students own one

• Mobile phone and SMS is easier to use

• Daily technology

• Learnability and adaptation of technology is much greater

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Questions !

Please call me (MR.CAT) or send SMS.

at(402) CAT HELP

Bojan Lazarevic

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