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Copyright©2017Boeing.Allrightsreserved.
BoeingAirTrafficServices(ATS)DataLinkPerspectives
MikeMatyas,DataLinkAvionicsEngineerMay2017
DECEACNS/ATMWorkshop
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datatoabidebytheU.S.exportlaws.ExportControlClassificationNumber(ECCN):7E994.
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Contents§ ATSdatalink
� Purposes� Benefits� Architecture
ú Applicationsú Infrastructure
� Recommendations
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ATSDataLinkPurposes§ Primarypurpose:Integrateavionicsandgroundautomationtoenablebeneficialcapabilitiesnotpossiblewithvoicecommunications� Forexample,enabletrajectory-basedoperations(TBO)
ú DepartureClearance(DCL)servicenowbeingdeployedindomesticUnitedStatesisaninitialformofTBO
§ Secondarypurpose:Supersedevoicecommunicationswhenandwhereappropriate� Enablecommunicationsviadatalink
ú Forexample,aclimbclearancerequestandresponse� Enablesurveillanceviadatalink
ú Forexample,automatedpositionreports
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ATSDataLinkBenefits(1/2)§ Increasedcapacity
� Reducedcontrollerworkloadincontinentalairspace� Reducedseparationinoceanic,polar,andremoteairspace
ú Forexample,“30/30”separationinPacific,RLatSMinNorthAtlantic
§ Improvedefficiency� Decreasedfuelconsumptionand/ortimeenroute
ú Forexample,DynamicAirborneRerouteProcedure(DARP)reroutes
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§ Enhancedsafety� 787operatorinAviationWeek:“integrationof[CPDLC]withtheautoflightsystem…enhancessafety”
� Avionicsrouteclearancepush-to-loadpreventsnavigationerrorscausedbymanualtranscription
ATSDataLinkBenefits(2/2)
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ATSDataLinkArchitecture§ Datalinkmaybedividedintotwoparts:
� Applications:Functionswhichprovideservicestousers� Infrastructure:Networksandsubnetworks(linksormedia)whichconnectapplications
§ Inotherwords,applications-over-infrastructure,like:� Voice-over-IP(VoIP)� E-mail-over-WiFi� Facebook-over-4GLTE� FANS-over-VDLMode2
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ApplicationTypes(1/2)1. ATSFacilitiesNotification(AFN)
� Orequivalent,namelyContextManagement(CM)� Providesinitialmanual“logon”capabilitytoflightcrew� SupportssubsequentautomatedtransfersofcommunicationsfromoneATSfacilitytoanother
2. AutomaticDependentSurveillance– Contract(ADS-C)� AllowsATSproviderstoestablish“contracts”withavionicsfordeliveryofsingle,periodic,and/orevent-basedreportsú Events:waypointchange,altitudechange,lateraldeviation,etc.ú Reportdata:latitude,longitude,altitude,time,predictedroute,etc.
� Providespositionreporting,separationassurance,routeconformancemonitoring,andtrajectorysynchronizationcapabilities
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ApplicationTypes(2/2)3. Controller-PilotDataLinkCommunications(CPDLC)
� Providespre-definedmessageelementsforrequestanddeliveryofclearancesandreportsú Altitude,crossingconstraint,lateraloffset,routemodification,speedchange,free-text,andothercategories◦ Forexample,dM9REQUESTCLIMBTO[altitude]anduM20CLIMBTOANDMAINTAIN[altitude]
� MostbeneficialwhenintegratedwithFlightManagementComputer(FMC)orequivalentnavigationavionicsú Enablesrouteclearanceloading,conditionalclearancemonitoring,andwaypointvalidationagainstnavigationdatabase
ú Routeclearanceloadingisfaster(benefitingefficiency)andmoreaccurate(benefitingsafety)thanvoicecommunicationswithmanualtranscriptionandmanualentry
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ApplicationSets:FANS1. FutureAirNavigationSystem(FANS)
� ConsistsofFANSAFN,CPDLC,andADS-Capplications� NormallyFMC-integrated– supportsTBOandsimilarcapabilitiesnotpossiblewithvoicecommunications
� Genericavionicsimplementationiscalled“FANS-1/A”ú “FANS-1”isBoeing’simplementation,“FANS-A”isAirbus’s
� InitiallyoperationalinSouthPacificin1995,nowoperationalorplannedinmanyareasworldwideú PhasedmandateinprogressforFANSinNorthAtlanticú FANSrequiredtouseL888,Y1,Y2,Y3routesinwesternChinaú DomesticUS:FANSuseforoperationalDCLservicebeganinAugust2015,FANSuseinenrouteairspaceisplannedfor2019
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ApplicationSets:LINK2000+2. LINK2000+
� ConsistsofLINK2000+CMandCPDLCapplicationsú SubsetofEUROCAEED-110BAeronauticalTelecommunicationNetwork(ATN)Baseline1(B1)capability,whichinturnisasubsetofICAODoc9705ATNcapability
� NormallynotFMC-integrated– doesnotsupportTBOú Intendedtoreducefrequencycongestionandcontrollerworkload,solimitedmessagesetonlyreplicatescommonvoicephraseology
ú Lowbenefits(smallmessageset,noTBO)buthighcosts(largeandcomplexrequirementssetandcodebase)
� InitiallyoperationalinEuropein2009ú Deploymentisfacingbothoperationalandtechnicalchallengesú Original2013(ground)and2015(air)mandatenowdelayedfiveyearsto2018and2020
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3. [future] Baseline2(B2)� ConsistsofB2CM,CPDLC,andADS-Capplications
ú CPDLCaddsspeedschedule,one-secondtimeprecision,etc.ú ADS-CaddsExtendedProjectedProfile(EPP)fortrajectorysynchronization
� Newservicesinclude4-DimensionalTrajectoryDataLink(4DTRAD)andDataLinkTaxi(D-TAXI)
� FMC-integrated– supportsTBOandsimilarcapabilitiesnotpossiblewithvoicecommunications
� RecentlydefinedbyRTCASC-214andEUROCAEWG-78ú InitialstandardswerepublishedinApril2014,RevAstandardswerepublishedinApril2016
ApplicationSets:Baseline2
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ApplicationSets:CapabilityComparison
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ApplicationSets:ICAOASBUSupport
ASBU ModuleandTitle FANS LINK2000+
[future]B2
Block0
B0-05,ImprovedFlexibilityand EfficiencyinDescentProfiles Yes No Yes
B0-10,ImprovedOperationsthroughEnhancedEn-RouteTrajectories Yes No Yes
B0-40,ImprovedSafetyandEfficiencythroughtheInitialApplicationofDataLinkEn-Route Yes Partial Yes
Block1
B1-10,ImprovedOperationsthroughOptimizedATSRouting Partial No Yes
B1-40,ImprovedTrafficSynchronizationandInitialTrajectory-BasedOperation Partial No Yes
Block2 B2-05,ImprovedFlexibilityandEfficiencyin
DescentProfilesUsingVNAV,RequiredSpeed,andTimeatArrival
Partial No Yes
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ApplicationSets:Map
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Infrastructure:Networks(1/2)1. AircraftCommunicationsAddressingandReporting
System(ACARS)� Inusesincelate1970s,nowmainnetworkworldwide� UsedbyFANSATSapplications� AlsousedbyAeronauticalOperationalCommunications(AOC)applications
2. AeronauticalTelecommunicationNetwork(ATN)� BasedonOpenSystemsInterconnection(OSI)referencemodel� Inusesinceearly2000s,butonlyinEurope� UsedonlybyLINK2000+ATSapplications� Technicalproblemsapparentindesignandimplementationofmultiplelayersofprotocolstack
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Infrastructure:Networks(2/2)3. [future] InternetProtocolSuite(IPS)
� IndevelopmentinICAO(Doc9896)andAEEC(ARINC658)� IPSuseiswidelyacknowledgedasastrategicgoal;IPSwill:
ú Usewell-knownandextensivelytestedInternetprotocolsprofiledforaeronauticaluse
ú Offerasimplifiedandcost-effectivearchitectureú Allowmaximumflexibilityandcompatibilityú ProvidebackwardcompatibilitybycarryingapplicationmessagesthatACARSandATNhavetraditionallycarried;existingapplicationswillnotneedtochangetouseIPS
ú EnablesecuritycapabilitiesthatareabsentfromcurrentACARSandATNimplementations
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Infrastructure:TransitiontoIPS
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§ Boeing,Honeywell,Inmarsat,andSITAhavesuccessfullyperformedIPSlabandflighttests
Infrastructure:IPSLabandFlightTests
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Infrastructure:Subnetworks– Short-Range§ Short-range,line-of-sight
� VHFDigitalLink(VDL)Mode0/Aú Usesoriginal“PlainOld”ACARS(POA)protocol
� VDLMode2ú ForcarryingACARSmessages,usesACARSoverAviationVHFLinkControl(AVLC)(AOA)protocol
ú ForcarryingATNmessages,usesISO8208(ITUX.25)protocolú TheAEECDataLinkSystemsSubcommittee(DLK)isdevelopingaconnectionless(likePOA)versionofVDLMode2thatisexpectedtobemorerobustandefficient
� [future] AeroMACSú BasedonIEEE802.16WiMAXú Willprovideahigh-speed,InternetProtocol(IP)orientedlinkforaircraftonairportsurface
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Infrastructure:Subnetworks– Long-Range§ Long-range,beyondline-of-sight
� InmarsatClassicAeroSATCOM� IridiumSATCOM
ú Providespolarcoverage� HFDataLink(HFDL)
ú Providespolarcoverage� InmarsatSwiftBroadbandSATCOM
ú High-speed,IP-orientedú FAAPerformance-basedoperationsAviationRulemakingCommittee(PARC)CommunicationsWorkingGroup(CWG)isconductinganoperationalevaluationofFANS-over-SwiftBroadbandperformancewithpromisingresults
� [future] IridiumCertus(usingIridiumNEXTconstellation)ú Willbehigh-speed,IPoriented
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ConceptualArchitecture
Applications
Networks ACARS
Subnetworks
FANSAFN, CPDLC, ADS-C
ATN
LINK 2000+CM, CPDLC
B2CM, CPDLC, ADS-C
IPS
VDL M
ode 0/A
Iridium
VDL M
ode 2
Inmarsat
SwiftBroadband
Iridium C
ertus
HFD
L
Inmarsat C
lassic Aero
AeroMAC
S
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Recommendations§ DeployFANSserviceinBraziliandomesticairspace
� HarmonizeswithcurrentFANSserviceinAtlânticoFIR� FANSsupportsTBOandsimilarcapabilitiesnotpossiblewithvoicecommunications
� FANSavionicsarereadilyavailableú Forexample,737NGFMChasbuilt-inFANS-1capability
� FANSoffersapositivebusinesscaseú DECEAwouldlikelygainbenefitssimilartothosethattheFAAisgainingwithFANSdeploymentinUSdomesticairspace
§ SupportIPSdevelopmentanddeployment� IPSwillprovidecost,performance,andsecurityimprovementsrelativetoACARSandATN
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AdditionalInformation(asneeded)
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RouteClearanceDelivery§ Voice:Manual,takesseveralminutes1. Controlleradvisespilotofrouteclearance2. Pilotindicatesreadyforrouteclearance3. Controllerreadsrouteclearance4. Pilotwritesdownrouteclearance5. Pilotreadsbackrouteclearance6. PilotentersrouteclearanceintoFMC
§ CPDLC:Automated,takesafewtensofseconds1. Controllersendsrouteclearance2. PilotcommandsFMCtoloadrouteclearance3. Pilotreviewsrouteclearance4. PilotsendsWILCOresponse
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• Groundsystemsunchangedfromlaboratorytests• Testaircraftinlieuoflabtestbench- HoneywellKingAirtestaircraft- Honeywellavionicstestpallet§ MarkII+CommunicationsManagementUnit(CMU)
§ VHFDataRadio(VDR)connectedtofinantennaonundersideofaircraft
§ Multi-inputInteractiveDisplayUnit(MIDU)
Honeywell Avionics Test Pallet
HoneywellATN/IPS CMU
Boeing DevelopmentATN/IPS End System
VDLM2Local LAN
(AOE Lab Subnet)
Boeing Integrated Aircraft Systems
Laboratory (Seattle, WA)
SITAONAIR Rhode & Schwarz Radio
VGS Controller
RF Cable
RF Cable VHF Antenna
Gateway
Boeing Airspace and Operational
Efficiency Laboratory (Kent, WA)
VHF Tx
VHF Rx
Firewall
Aircraft FinAntenna
SITAONAIR (Montreal, QC)
Remote VGSConfig
Internet
Honeywell KingAirTest Aircraft
IPS-over-VDLMode2FlightTestEnvironment
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ATSDataLinkTimeline
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