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BODYMECHANISM

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MEANING

EFFECTIVE USE OF BODY AS AMACHINE AND AS A MEANS FOR

LOCOMOTION Special techniques tocoordinate your balance and

movement which will help toavoid injuring yourself or your patient.

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Physiology of movements

Purposefull coordinated movements of thebody requires the integrated functioning

of the musculoskeletal and nervoussystem



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SKELETAL SYSTEM

The framework of bones and cartilageprotects our organs and allows us to move

through skeletal system.



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FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL SYSTEMIN BODY MECHANICS.

1.Supports the soft tissues of the body[Maintains body form and body posture]

2.Furnishes surfaces for the attachment ofmuscles,tendons,and ligaments which inturn pull on the individual bones andproduce movements.



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.Their are 206 bones in humanbody classified as

-Long bones-Short bones

-Flat bones-Irregular bones



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Types and freely movable joints

1.Ball and socket joint . E.g Shoulder and hip joint. 2.Condyloid joint- E.g wrist joint. 3.Gliding joint E.g Carpel bone of wrist

and tarsal bone of feet 4.Hinge joint E.g Elbow joint.



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Muscular System



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Bones and joints provides form to thebody

Muscles helps bone to produce movement The excitibility,contractibility and elasticity

of muscles enable them to perform

-Motion -Maintenance of posture.



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Nervous system

The skeletal and muscular system cannotproduce purposefull movement without a

functioning nervous system. Nerve impulses stimulate muscles to

contract.

Afferent nervous system conveysinformation from receptors in periphery ofbody to the C.N.S



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CONTI

Nerve cells called neuron conductsimpulses from one part of body to

another. This information is processed by C.N.S

leading to response.

The efferent system conveys the responsefrom the CNS to the skeletal muscle bythe way of somatic nervous system.



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Importance of Body mechanics

1.Proper body alignment and postureprevents fatigue and deformities.

2.Poor posture causes Deformities. 3.Good posture promotes the physiologic

functions of the body.

4.Reduces the expenditure of the energy.



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Conti

5.Helps to maintain the balance of thebody without undue strain on the body

parts. 6.Its contributes to ones beauty. 7.To prevent strain and injury to the

patient/nurse. 8.To use appropriate technique when

moving the patient.



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Conti

To provide safety for the patient.



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CONCEPTS OF BODY MECHANICS

The correct use of body mechanics shouldbe evident for every activity and evenduring rest period.

BODY ALIGNMENT-Positioning of the joints,tendons,ligaments and muscles

while standing,sitting and lying downposition.



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Conti

If proper body alignment is maintainedperson will not experience undue strain

and fatigue.BODY BALANCE- When the center of

gravity is balanced over a wide, stable of

support and vertical line falls from centerof gravity and base of support.



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COORDINATED BODY MOVEMENT

While giving nursing care to the patientfrequent use the body is to assist in

-Positioning-Turning and lifting the patient andequipment and all the nursing activities.

It is important to do thisknowledgeably to avoid musculoskeletalstrain and injury.



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PRINCIPLES OF BODY MECHANICS.

1.Wider the base of support,greater thestability.

2.Lower the center of gravity greater thestability of nurse.

3.The equilibrium of an object ismaintained as long as the line of gravitypassess through its base of support.



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4.Stronger the muscle group the greaterthe amount of work can be safely done.

5.Facing the direction of movementsprevents abnormal twisting of the spine.

6.Dividing balanced activity between armsand legs reduces the risk of back injury.



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7.Leverage,rolling,turning or pivotingrequires less work than lifting.

8.When friction is reduced between theobject to be moved and the surface onwhich it is moved,less force is required tomove.

9.Reducing the force of work reduces therisk of injury



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10.Maintaining good body mechanics,reduces fatigue of the muscle group.

11.Alternating periods of rest and activityhelps to reduce fatigue.



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RULES TO BE FOLLOWED BY NURSESWHILE CARRYING NURSING

ACTIVITIES. Maintain good posture [anatomical

posture].Use the longest and strongestmuscles of extremities for strenuousactivities.



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WATCH YOUR POSTUREStand straight with your feet flat on thefloor. Keep your arms at your side. Keepyour abdominal muscles tight. This takesStrain off your back.



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Conti

Keep the object close to the bodyto prevent unnecessary strain onthe muscles. This brings center ofgravity of object close to the

centers of gravity of body.



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Conti. Keep your back straight Flex the knees and hip joints but keep the

trunk as vertical as possible. [Moving andshifting]

Avoid jerking and twisting during the lift. Heavy patients should be moved in bed

by sliding rather than lifting.



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Conti

Assistance should be requested whenlifting or moving heavy patients.

Stay balanced-Place the feet apart toprovide a wide base of support.Broader base provides a better bodybalance.



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Conti

Keep work close to the body. Slide,roll,push or pull an object rather

than lifting it in order to reduce theenergy

Needed to lift the weight against the pull

of gravity. Lift smoothly.



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Conti..

Plan and think through your move-Beforeyou begin the action make sure you are

applying proper body mechanics Coordinate your movements by telling

patients or other workers when you are

ready to move. You may want to count 1,2,3.lift



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IllEFFECTS OF IMPROPER BODYMECHANICS IN NURSING

PRACTICE. Decubitus ulcers/Pressure sores/Bedsores The pressure of body parts

against the mattress especially whenthe body parts are not in correctalignment for long period of time

then blood supply becomes depletedand if this continues results in ulcers.



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Cont

CONTRACTURES :The pressure of tightupper bedding holding the feet in an

incorrect position of body alignment willcontribute to development of contracturesand decubiti

FOOT DROP:



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