Body Membranes #1 In your opinion describe what is a membrane? In your opinion describe what is a membrane? In your opinion explain the purpose of a membrane?

Body Membranes #1Body Membranes #1

In your opinion describe what is a In your opinion describe what is a membrane?membrane?

In your opinion explain the purpose In your opinion explain the purpose of a membrane?of a membrane?

Human Anatomy Human Anatomy & Physiology& Physiology

Chapter 4Chapter 4

Skin and Body MembranesSkin and Body Membranes

Body MembranesBody Membranes

Function to cover and line body Function to cover and line body cavities and form protective and cavities and form protective and lubricating films around organs.lubricating films around organs.

Body MembranesBody Membranes

Classification of Body Classification of Body MembranesMembranes Epithelial MembranesEpithelial Membranes- function as - function as

covering and lining membranes.covering and lining membranes.

Connective MembranesConnective Membranes- function to - function to secrete fluids for lubrication of moving secrete fluids for lubrication of moving parts. parts.

Epithelial MembranesEpithelial Membranes

Cutaneous MembraneCutaneous Membrane Composed of stratified squamous Composed of stratified squamous

epithelium, with an underlining of dense epithelium, with an underlining of dense fibrous connective tissue.fibrous connective tissue.

Dry membraneDry membrane EX: SkinEX: Skin



Mucous Membranes (mucosa)Mucous Membranes (mucosa) Epithelium that rests on loose connective Epithelium that rests on loose connective

tissue.tissue. Membrane lines all body cavities that open Membrane lines all body cavities that open

to the exterior.to the exterior. All wet membranesAll wet membranes Adapted for secretion and absorptionAdapted for secretion and absorption EX: lungs, mouth, esophagus, stomach, EX: lungs, mouth, esophagus, stomach,

urinary tracturinary tract



Serous Membrane (serosa)Serous Membrane (serosa) Layer of simple squamous with an under Layer of simple squamous with an under

layer of areolar connective tissue.layer of areolar connective tissue. Serosa line body cavities not open to the Serosa line body cavities not open to the

exterior.exterior. Membranes occur in pairs:Membranes occur in pairs:

ParietalParietal- outer layer of the membrane- outer layer of the membrane VisceralVisceral- inside portion that covers the organ- inside portion that covers the organ


Serous Membrane (serosa)Serous Membrane (serosa) The parietal serosa and visceral serosa are The parietal serosa and visceral serosa are

separated by a thin clear fluid called separated by a thin clear fluid called serous serous fluidfluid..

PeritoneumPeritoneum- serous membrane in the - serous membrane in the abdominal cavity.abdominal cavity.

PleuraPleura- membrane surrounding the lungs.- membrane surrounding the lungs. PericardiumPericardium- membrane surrounding the - membrane surrounding the

heart.heart.


Connective Tissue Connective Tissue MembranesMembranes

Synovial MembranesSynovial Membranes Composed of soft areolar connective tissue.Composed of soft areolar connective tissue. Contain no epithelial cells.Contain no epithelial cells. Line fibrous capsules around joints.Line fibrous capsules around joints. Lubricate joints and organsLubricate joints and organs

Connective Tissue Connective Tissue MembranesMembranes

AssignmentAssignment

Textbook page 112Textbook page 112 Questions 1-3Questions 1-3 Answers written in complete Answers written in complete

sentences.sentences.


Explain the difference between the Explain the difference between the parietal serosa and the visceral serosa.parietal serosa and the visceral serosa.

What are the three types of epithelial What are the three types of epithelial membranes?membranes?

Explain the functions of the cutaneous, Explain the functions of the cutaneous, mucous, and serous membranes.mucous, and serous membranes.

Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System

Integumentary system includes your Integumentary system includes your skin (cutaneous membrane) and skin (cutaneous membrane) and associated organs such as sweat associated organs such as sweat glands, hair follicles, and etc..glands, hair follicles, and etc..


FunctionsFunctions:: Protects the internal body from external Protects the internal body from external

material.material. Insulates and cushions the body.Insulates and cushions the body. Assists to regulate body temperature.Assists to regulate body temperature.

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis

Pore

Papillarylayer

Reticularlayer

Hair Shaft

Arrector pili

Sebaceous glandSweat gland

Hair follicleHair Root

Adipose tissue

Blood vessels

Meissner’s corpusclePacinian corpuscleSensory

nerveHair follicle receptor


Structure of the SkinStructure of the Skin EpidermisEpidermis

Most outer layer of the skinMost outer layer of the skin Made of stratified squamous epitheliumMade of stratified squamous epithelium Composed of a tough structural protein called Keratin.Composed of a tough structural protein called Keratin.

DermisDermis Layer underneath the epidermis, made of connective Layer underneath the epidermis, made of connective

tissue.tissue. HypodermisHypodermis

Adipose tissue that connects skin to the underlying Adipose tissue that connects skin to the underlying organs.organs.

Structure of the Skin- Structure of the Skin- EpidermisEpidermis

Stratum corneumStratum corneum- dead cells filled - dead cells filled with keratin and is 20-30 cells thick.with keratin and is 20-30 cells thick.

Stratum lucidumStratum lucidum-only present in -only present in hairless, extra thick skin.hairless, extra thick skin.

Stratum granulosumStratum granulosum Stratum spinosumStratum spinosum Stratum basaleStratum basale- produces new skin - produces new skin

cells and location of melanocytes.cells and location of melanocytes.

Structure of the SkinStructure of the Skin

Structure of the Skin- Structure of the Skin- EpidermisEpidermis

MelanocytesMelanocytes Found in the stratum basale.Found in the stratum basale. Produce a protein called melanin.Produce a protein called melanin. Melanin is a color pigment that ranges Melanin is a color pigment that ranges

from yellow to black.from yellow to black. Melanin shields the nucleus from Melanin shields the nucleus from

damaging UV rays.damaging UV rays.

Structure of the Skin- Structure of the Skin- DermisDermis

Composed primarily of collagen and Composed primarily of collagen and elastic fibers that provide toughness elastic fibers that provide toughness and flexibility.and flexibility.


Sebaceous (oil) GlandsSebaceous (oil) Glands:: Exocrine gland that secretes sebum Exocrine gland that secretes sebum

through ducts to the skin surface.through ducts to the skin surface. Sebum keeps the skin soft and kills Sebum keeps the skin soft and kills

foreign bacteria.foreign bacteria. Not found on palms of hands and feet.Not found on palms of hands and feet.


Sweat Gland- Sweat Gland- assist in assist in thermoregulation of the body.thermoregulation of the body.

HairHair- serve as protection and - serve as protection and insulation.insulation.

Hair FollicleHair Follicle- manufactures hair.- manufactures hair. Arrector PiliArrector Pili- smooth muscle that - smooth muscle that

pushes hair upright.pushes hair upright. NailsNails- scale like dead keratinized cells.- scale like dead keratinized cells.


Textbook page 122Textbook page 122 Answer questions 10-13Answer questions 10-13 Write in complete sentencesWrite in complete sentences


Explain the function of the Explain the function of the Integumentary system.Integumentary system.

Which layer of the epidermis Which layer of the epidermis produces new cells?produces new cells?

Which layer of the epidermis is Which layer of the epidermis is present and very thick on the bottom present and very thick on the bottom of feet?of feet?

Homeostatic Imbalances of Homeostatic Imbalances of the Skinthe Skin

WhiteheadWhitehead- occurs when an oil gland is - occurs when an oil gland is blocked by sebum.blocked by sebum.

BlackheadBlackhead- occurs when the sebum in - occurs when the sebum in the whitehead oxidizes and dries out.the whitehead oxidizes and dries out.

AcneAcne- occurs from an active infection of - occurs from an active infection of the sebaceous gland.the sebaceous gland.

SeborrheaSeborrhea- over active oil glands that - over active oil glands that cause raised lesions on the skin.cause raised lesions on the skin.


Homeostatic Imbalances Homeostatic Imbalances of Skinof Skin

Athlete’s FootAthlete’s Foot- caused by a fungus - caused by a fungus infection between the toes indicated infection between the toes indicated by red, itchy, and burning sensation.by red, itchy, and burning sensation.

BoilsBoils- inflammation of hair follicles - inflammation of hair follicles and subcutaneous glands.and subcutaneous glands.

Cold SoresCold Sores- caused by the herpes - caused by the herpes simplex virus and usually occur simplex virus and usually occur around the mouth.around the mouth.



Contact DermatitisContact Dermatitis- Allergic response to - Allergic response to exposure to chemicals such as from exposure to chemicals such as from poison ivy indicated by redness, itchiness, poison ivy indicated by redness, itchiness, swelling, and blisters.swelling, and blisters.

ImpetigoImpetigo- staphylococcus infection - staphylococcus infection around the mouth.around the mouth.

PsoriasisPsoriasis- chronic condition caused by - chronic condition caused by overproduction of skin cells.overproduction of skin cells.



BurnsBurns 1st Degree1st Degree- only the epidermis is - only the epidermis is

damageddamaged 22ndnd Degree Degree- epidermis and upper - epidermis and upper

dermis are damaged usually have dermis are damaged usually have blistersblisters

33rdrd Degree Degree- the full thickness of the - the full thickness of the skin is damaged beyond repair.skin is damaged beyond repair.



Skin CancerSkin Cancer Open Textbook to page 102Open Textbook to page 102

BenignBenign neoplasms that do not spread. neoplasms that do not spread. MalignantMalignant neoplasms that spread to neoplasms that spread to

other body parts.other body parts.


Skin CancerSkin Cancer Basal Cell CarcinomaBasal Cell Carcinoma- most common - most common

and least malignant skin cancer.and least malignant skin cancer.

Squamous Cell CarcinomaSquamous Cell Carcinoma- rapidly - rapidly spreading cancer that appears to look spreading cancer that appears to look like a skin ulcer.like a skin ulcer.

Malignant MelanomaMalignant Melanoma- cancer of the - cancer of the melanocytes and is extremely deadly.melanocytes and is extremely deadly.



Provide and describe one type of Provide and describe one type of allergy, infection, and cancer of skin allergy, infection, and cancer of skin cells.cells.

Which type of skin cancer is the Which type of skin cancer is the most deadly?most deadly?


Open textbooks to page 113Open textbooks to page 113 A Closer Look…..A Closer Look…..


Textbook page 131Textbook page 131 Answer questions 1-4, 6, 9-12Answer questions 1-4, 6, 9-12 Write answers in complete Write answers in complete

sentences.sentences.

Body Membranes #1 In your opinion describe what is a membrane? In your opinion describe what is a membrane? In your opinion explain the purpose of a membrane?

Documents

skin slide

serous membranes

body membranes function

organ slide

skin cutaneous membrane

lining membranes

connective membranes

skin epidermis