2.1 UNDERSTANDING BODY COORDINATIONBrainSpinal CordCentral
Nervous system
Nervous system
Cranium
PeripheralNervous system
Cranial Nerve
Body Coordination
Pituitary GlandGrowth Hormone
ThyroxinThyroid gland
AdrenalineEndocrine SystemAdrenal Gland
InsulinPancreas
Oestrogen/progesteroneTestosteroneTestes/Ovaries
2.2 HUMAN NERVOUS SYSTEM Brain
Central Nervous System
Spinal Cord
Human Nervous System
Cranial Nerve
Somatic Nervous System
Peripheral Nervous SystemSpinal Nerve
Autonomic Nervous System
Central Nervous SystemCentral Nervous system
BrainSpinal Cord
Control involuntary action
Control voluntary actions
Reflex actionTouching hot objectsExamples:WalkingReading
2.3 NERVOUS COORDINATION The relationship between receptors,
neurones and effectors
Central Nervous SystemReceptorsSensory neuronesStimulus
The brain and the spinal cordConnect by relay neuronesConduct
impulses to the central nervous systemIn sensory organsReceive
stimuli and generate impulses
ResponseEffectors Motor Neurones
Muscles or glandsConduct impulses from the central nervous
system
REFLEX ACTION - touching hot object
Relay neuroneSensory neuronePain receptorsStimulus
Conduct impulses to the motor neuroneImpulses are sent to the
spinal cord along the sensory neuroneReceive stimulus and stimulate
impulsesA sharp object
Motor neuroneEffector(biceps)
Conduct impulses to the effectorThe biceps contracts and move
the hand away
2.4 PROPRIOCEPTORS
2.6 HORMONAL COORDINATIONInsulin Stimulates the change of
glucose to glycogenGlucagon stimulates the change of glycogen to
glucose
TestosteronePromotes and maintain the development of secondary
male sex characteristics
Oestrogen ProgesteronePromotes and maintain the development of
secondary female sex characteristics
Adrenaline Increases the blood glucose levelIncreases
heartbeatIncreases breathing rate
Thyroxine Control metabolic rateRegulates growth and body
developmet
Growth hormononeMaster gland
PancreasTestesOvariesAdrenalThyroidPituitaryENDOCRINE GLAND
EFFECTS OF HORMONAL IMBALANCEHigher metabolic
rateIrritabilityIncrease heartbeatGigantism Overdeveloped of female
secondary sexual characteristicsHypoglycaemia Excessive of
hormonesTestosteroneOestrogen and
progesteroneInsulinThyroxineGrowth hormone
Overdeveloped of male secondary sexual characteristics
EFFECTS OF HORMONAL IMBALANCELow metabolic rateGoitre
CreatisimDwarfism Diabetes mellitusShortage Of
HormonesTestosteroneOestrogen and progesteroneInsulinThyroxinGrowth
hormone
Not well developed of male secondary sexual characteristicsNot
well developed of female secondary sexual characteristics
2.7 COORDINATION BETWEEN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE ENDCRINE
SYSTEMNervous coordination involves nervous systemCentral nervous
system
Effector Receptor(sensory Organs)
Muscle or glandsImpulses travel along motor neuroneImpulses
travel along sensory neurone
Hormonal coordination involves endocrine systemTarget organs
Circulatory system
lEndocrine glands
(heart, lungs ,liver, etc.)Hormones transport by the
bloodHormone released to the bloodstream
COMPARISON BETWWEEN THE NERVOUS SYSTEM AND THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
THE ENDROSlow respondFast respond
Respond to a stimulusLiver, heart, lungsMessage send by
hormoneControl and coordinate body functionMuscle or glands will
respondMessage send by impulseENDOCRINE SYSTEMNERVOUS
SYSTEMSimilarities
2.8 EFFECTS OF DRUGSDepressantsTranquilisersBarbiturates
InhalantsGlue Paint
Type of drugs
StimulantsAmphetaminesCaffeineCocaine
HallucinogensCannabis MarijuanaLSD
NarcoticsHeroineMorphineCodeine
EFFECTS OF HORMONAL IMBALANCEDecrease
stressTranquilisersBarbiturates
HallucinationDepressionBrain damageRelieve painInduce
sleepHallucination Effects of drugs
Increase metabolic rateStay awake/stay active
AmphetaminesCaffeineCocaine
Cannabis MarijuanaLSD
HeroineMorphineCodeine
Glue Paint
Stomach ulcer Brain damageRapid aging Coma Liver
inflammationLiver scarring Heart diseaseHigh blood pressure Stroke
The effects of excessive consumption of alcohol2.9 EFFECTS OF
ALCOHOL