O Contents Unit Reading strategy Vocabulary Listening strategy Sports Previewing Magazine article Vocabulary about sports Listening for main ideas Teen issues Identifying what pronouns refer to Drama script Vocabulary about teen issues Listening for specific information Mystery stories Predicting Column Vocabulary relating to mystery stories Making inferences Wonderful people Scanning and skimming Invitation letter Vocabulary about some inventions and their inventors Listening for comparisons and preferences Endangered species Identifying facts and opinions Argumentative essay Vocabulary about threats to the environment Listening to complete charts and graphs The individual and society Paraphrasing Speech Vocabulary about rights and responsibilities Listening to follow spoken instructions Appendices • Sports Communication • • Social Issues • • Drama • • Short Stories • • Popular Culture • • Workplace Communication • • Social Issues • • Debating • • Social Issues • • Debating • 1 5 4 3 2 6 Sample
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new immigrants orphans elderly people disabled people
Contact number:
Data File
Study the Data File for relevant information to be included in the writing task.
1. Memo from Miss Fung to Ryan 2. Abstract from a newspaper article
Your turnYour turn
Complete the self-introduction letter using information from the Data File and your notes.
Dear Sir/Madam,
I would like to join . I will introduce myself.
I would like to help .
I can be reached on if you need further information.
Yours faithfully,
OIntegrated skillsntegrated skillsTrack 15
Hi Ryan,
I’m happy to know that you’re going to do some voluntary work. Your English is good. I think you may give free tutoring to some children. I think you can help them enjoy learning.
Miss Fung
Problems faced by new immigrants
The new immigrant children’s English level
is usually low and the family cannot afford to
send them to tutorial classes. Most of them
find it hard to adapt to their new environment.
Sample
O Discovering English in Summer • Book 3 •32
Reporting statements
When you report statements, you have to change the following:
Tense
simple present simple past simple past past perfect
present continuous past continuous past continuous past perfect continuous
present perfect past perfect simple future would + bare infinitive
present perfect continuous past perfect
continuous
is/am/are going to was/were going to
Pronouns / Possessive adjectives
first and second person pronouns / possessive adjectives third person
Time/Place words
now then next week the following week
this afternoon that afternoon yesterday the day before
today/tonight that day/night last week the week before
tomorrow the following/next day here there
e.g. Samson said, ‘I watched a scary film yesterday.’
Samson said he had watched a scary film the day before.
Your turnYour turn
A. Rewrite the story in the left column using reported speech.
OG rammarrammar
Reporting verbs such as
informed, mentioned,
replied, said and told
are often used in the
simple past tense when
reporting statements.
O OUseful tip
Edith and Walter were discussing the coming storytelling competition on their way home after school. ‘I will tell an Aesop’s Fable,’ Edith said. ‘It’s meaningful and it always brings out a moral lesson.’ ‘I’m considering a ghost story,’ Walter said. ‘I will scare everyone to death,’ he explained. Edith looked at him in disbelief. ‘Last year someone told one and he scared a girl who couldn’t stop crying in class,’ Edith told Walter. ‘You’re going to change your mind,’ Edith suggested.
Edith and Walter were discussing the coming storytelling competition on their way home after school.
Sample
Unit 6 • The individual and society • O69
Present participles and past participles as adjectives
There are two types of participles: present participles and past participles. You can use
participles as adjectives.
Present participles (the -ing form of a verb)
talk about the person, thing or
situation which has caused the
feeling
The job of a social worker is regarded as a
challenging one.
describe a continuous action Someone took a picture of the shocking moment
when the plane fell from the sky.
Past participles (the -ed form of a verb)
talk about how someone feels People were amazed by President Lincoln who
stopped slavery.
describe a complete action This picture shows the fallen plane near the river.
Your turnYour turn
B. Read the text and underline the correct answers.
Terrorism is a (1) ( threatening / threatened )
thing to all people in the world. We are
(2) ( worried / worrying ) about what terrorists
will do in the future. We are all (3) ( scaring /
scared ) about terrorist attacks. When we watch
the news about hijacking an aircraft or tourists
being kidnapped, we feel upset and
(4) ( disappointing / disappointed ). We also feel (5) ( shocking / shocked ) when
someone is killed by terrorists. All citizens are asking their governments to tackle this
(6) ( annoying / annoyed ) problem of terrorism. Governments are also saying the
situation is (7) ( depressed / depressing ). They have been trying very hard to avoid
terrorism, for example, enhancing the security at airports and strengthening international
cooperation. Some people think terrorism is (8) ( disturbing / disturbed ) so they do not
travel any more even though there are so many (9) ( amazing / amazed ) scenic spots in
the world. I believe all people around the world would feel (10) ( pleasing / pleased ) if
terrorism were no longer to exist.
You use more and
most when forming
the comparative and
superlative forms
of these participle
adjectives, e.g. more
exciting and most
exciting.
O OUseful tip
Sample
Unit 5 • Endangered species • O59
Argumentative essay: Establishing facts to support an argument
is written to show your opinion towards a particular issue.
can be one-sided or two-sided depending on the topic.
should be supported by evidence. Your evidence can be some facts, statistics, expert
quotes or based on logic. Each paragraph will provide evidence to support one
argument. For example, ‘The Amur leopard is critically endangered. According to the
WWF, there are only about 30 individuals in the world today due to poaching.’
What should be included in an argumentative essay?
An argumentative essay should include the following:
Writing strategyriting strategy
Your turnYour turn
You are going to write a 250-word argumentative essay on the topic ‘Should we help save
endangered species?’
Step 1: Planning — mind map
• Debating •
Topic
Tell readers what the essay is about.
Introduction
Begin with an interesting fact about the topic or a quote from an authoritative
source about the topic. Then give a general overview of the topic.
Body paragraphs
First state the counter arguments with related evidence. Then present your case in
the second section of the body. Use one paragraph to state each of your arguments.
Conclusion
Summarise your arguments, state your opinion or preferences and end with a call to
action.
Introduction:
Counter argument (1): Counter argument (2):
Topic:
Sample
O Discovering English in Summer • Book 3 •60
Step 2: Writing
Conclusion:
Supporting argument (1): Supporting argument (2):
Useful vocabulary
O O
Endangered Species
Act, survival of the
fittest, living creatures,
habitats, extinct, ruin,
collapse, ecosystem,
biodiversity, chain
reaction
Sample
Unit 6 • The individual and society • O71
Agreeing and disagreeing
When you are having a group discussion, you often show agreement or disagreement
with what others say.
Instead of just saying ‘Yes’ or ‘No’, you have to use an appropriate expression to
give your opinion. It should be supported by an explanation.
Here are some common expressions to show agreement or disagreement.