Peter Henke, MD Project Director VIC Professor of Surgery University of Michigan and VA Ann Arbor Hospitals and Health Centers 1
Jan 16, 2016
Peter Henke, MDProject Director VICProfessor of Surgery
University of Michigan and VA Ann Arbor Hospitals and Health Centers
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29 Vascular Surgery Participating Hospitals - 2014
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Vascular Surgery Dashboard
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Anticipate Completion:Q3 2013 Reporting Period
Outcomes by proceduretype
Outcomes by procedure status (elective vs. emergent)
Focused QI GoalsIncludes outcomes
at 30 days
Vascular Surgery Dashboard
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Special Initiatives in Vascular Surgery
Pre-operative protocol for cardiac clearance/prevention of post-operative MI
Transfusion guidelines Surgical site infection protocol – part of an
effort to reduce readmissions at 30 days
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Vascular Surgery Procedure Types
Open Abdominal Aneurysm Repair Endovascular Abdominal Aneurysm Repair
(EVAR) Open Bypass Procedures, upper and lower
extremity Carotid Stenting Carotid Endarterectomy
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Discharges Collected to Date – YE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
Vascular Surgery Discharges – 2583 (2673 Procedures) EVAR - 857 Open AAA - 167 Open Bypass - 1649
Carotid Discharges – 2395 (2407 Procedures) Carotid Stent - 503 Carotid Endarterectomy - 1904
Total Discharges YE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013 - 4978 Total Procedures YE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013 - 5080
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CEA/CAS IndicationsYE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
CAS Indications# Carotid Stent Procedures 503/2407 20.9%
Symptomatic 217/503 43.1%
Asymptomatic 286/503 56.9%
CEA Indications# Carotid Endarterectomy Procedures 1904/2407 79.1%
Symptomatic 642/1904 33.7%
Asymptomatic 1262/1904 66.3%
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Carotid Outcomes in HospitalYTD 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
Combined Death/Stroke/MI (In hospital)Carotid Endarterectomy 59/1904 3.1%
Carotid Stent 34/503 6.8%
Death MI StrokeCarotid Endarterectomy 9/1904 = 0.5% 11/1904 = 0.6% 43/1904 = 2.3%
Carotid Stent 5/503 = 1% 4/503 = 0.8% 27/503 = 5.4%
* CEA started data collection April 1, 201210
Carotid Outcomes at 30 DaysQ1/Q2 2013
Combined Death, Stroke, & MI at 30 days*Carotid Endarterectomy 43/806 5.3%
Carotid Stent 18/182 9.9%
* 30 day data calculated for 2013 data only
Death MI StrokeCarotid Endarterectomy 13/806 = 1.6% 4/806 = 0.5% 29/806 = 3.6%
Carotid Stent 4/182 = 2.2% 2/182 = 1.1% 13/182 = 7.1%
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Carotid Outcomes
Common Odds Ratio in Stratified Outcomes CAS/CEA
Death Stroke/TIA MI
Odds Ratio 5.13 1.86 2.00
P-value 0.442 0.0676 0.686
Stroke/Death/MI Stroke/Death
Odds Ratio 2.07 2.14
P-value 0.01744 0.01896
*Matching sample, stratified by Asymptomatic12
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Significant Variables (P-value < 0.1, Blue < 0.05)Odds Ratio Lower Limit CI Upper Limit CI P-value
Procedure Type: CAS
1.973 1.095 3.555 0.024
Urgent Cardiac Surgery w/in 30 days
6.640 1.324 33.298 0.021
Pre Procedure Aspirin
2.036 0.935 4.435 0.073
AUC = 68.8%
Adjusted Odds Ratio: Post-Procedure Stroke/Death/MI
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Adjusted Odds Ratio: Variables Used in Model
Procedure Type (CAS & CEA) Age Hyperlipidemia Diabetes Asymptomatic Prior PCI Prior MI Prior CABG Two or more major coronary
arteries with stenosis >70% Left Main coronary artery
stenosis >50%
MI within 6 weeks NYHA functional class III or IV
within 6 weeks Permanent pacemaker or ICD Major Surgery Planned within
next 8 weeks Urgent cardiac surgery within
30 days Pre procedure aspirin Pre procedure clopidogrel
Carotid Stent/Endarterectomy MedicationsYTD 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
Carotid Procedure Cardio-Protective Medication Use
Admission Discharge
ASA 2054/2331 = 88.1% 2172/2315 = 93.8%
Beta Blocker 1338/2353 = 56.9% 1407/2338 = 60.2%
Statin 1793/2282 = 78.6% 1968/2294 = 85.8%
*Patients listed as contraindicated to a specific medication are excluded15
30 Day Follow-Up: Medication ComplianceCarotid Stent/Endarterectomy (YTD 2012, Q1/Q2 2013)
Total # of patients with follow-up data* 2034/2244 90.6%
ASA 1756/1844 95.2%
Antiplatelets (excluding ASA) 850/960 88.5%
Statin 1605/1667 96.3%
Beta Blocker 1063/1186 89.6%
* 30 Day compliance calculated only for patients discharged on a specific medication.
* Patients marked as contraindicated/not documented at follow up are excluded, creating different denominators
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Open AAA / EVAR IndicationsYTD 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
Open AAA Indications# Open AAA Procedures 167/2673 6.2%
Asymptomatic 77/167 46.1%
Symptomatic 90/167 53.9%
Ruptured AAA 41/167 24.6%
EVAR Indications# EVAR Procedures 857/2673 32.1%
Asymptomatic 554/857 64.6%
Symptomatic 303/857 35.4%
Ruptured AAA 51/857 6.0%
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EVAR /Open AAA Repair Outcomes
Death at 30 Days YE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013EVAR 34/857 4.0%
Open AAA 34/167 20.4%
Death at 30 Days Q1/Q2 2013EVAR 11/312 34.3%
Elective EVAR 5/273 1.8%
Emergent EVAR/Rupture 6/39 15.4%
Open AAA 10/74 13.5%
Elective Open AAA 1/51 2.0%
Emergent Open AAA/Rupture 9/23 39.1%
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EVAR /Open AAA Repair Outcomes YE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
Major Morbidities at 30 DaysEVAR Open AAA
MI 12/857 = 1.4% 11/167 = 6.6%
Transfusion 87/857 = 10.2% 65/167 = 38.9%
New Dialysis 16/857 = 1.9% 11/167 = 6.6%
Bowel Ischemia* 2/312 = 0.6% 1/74 = 1.4%
* Bowel Ischemia added for 201319
Open BypassYE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
Total Open Bypass Procedures 1649/2673 = 61.7%Inflow Aorto-Bifemoral/Femoral 163/1649 = 9.9% Femoral-Femoral 208/1649 = 12.6% Axillary-Femoral 84/1649 = 5.1% Other Inflow 125/1649 = 7.6%Outflow Femoral-Popliteal 649/1649 = 39.4% Femoral-Tibial 229/1649 = 13.9% Popliteal-Tibial 36/1649 = 2.2% Other Outflow 135/1649 = 8.2%Upper Extremity/Misc 20/1649 = 1.2% 20
Open BypassYE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
Indications*Claudication Only 458/1420 = 32.3%
Rest Pain 791/1420 = 55.7%
Ulcer / Tissue Loss 435/1420 = 30.6%
Acute Limb Ischemia 352/1420 = 24.8%
* Lower Extremity Bypass only
* Multiple indications may be selected21
Open Bypass Outcomes at 30 DaysYE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
Death at 30 DaysOpen Bypass 41/1559 = 2.7%
Major Morbidities at 30 daysAmputation 90/1559 = 5.8%
MI 39/1559 = 2.5%
Post Op Transfusion 364/1559 = 23.3%
Graft Thrombosis 45/1559 = 2.9%
* 2013 Discharge level rates for Open Bypass22
Vascular Surgery Medications Open AAA, EVAR, Open Bypass (YE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013)
Vascular Surgery Cardio Protective Medication UseAdmission Discharge
ASA 1817/2476 = 73.3% 2053/2407 = 85.3%
Beta Blocker 1473/2521 = 58.4% 1605/2462 = 65.2%
Statin 1719/2491 = 69.0% 1825/2444 = 74.7%
*Patients listed as contraindicated to a specific medication are excluded23
Readmission 30 Day Follow- Up YE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
All Procedures
Total number of patients readmitted to the hospital
170/2082 8.2%
Wound Infection 103/169* 61%
Lymph Leak 36/169 21.3%
Thrombectomy/Lysis 20/169 11.8%
Anticoagulation Complication 11/169 6.5%
Graft Infection 5/169 3.0%
*Note: One patient missing reason for readmission Multiple reasons for readmission may be selected
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Readmission 30 Day Follow-Up YE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013 Open Bypass
Readmission Rate at 30 daysOverall Readmission Rate 135/1081 = 12.5%
Lymph Leak (seroma) 20/135 = 14.8%
Wound Infection/dehiscence 90/135 = 66.7%
Graft Infection 5/135 = 3.7%
Anticoagulation Complication 9/135 = 6.7%
Thrombectomy/lysis 19/135 = 14.1%
*Note: Multiple reasons for readmission may be selected
Additional outcomes at 30 DaysBypass Patent 541/566 = 95.6%Bypass Revision 8/566 = 1.4%
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SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONSURGICAL SITE INFECTION
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BMC2 SSI Definition
To qualify for infection/sepsis outcome
a. Treatment with antibioticsb. Positive cultureOption to select:
Access site Central Line/IV Blood Graft infection Pulmonary UTI Wound site Unknown
Includes post-procedure outcomes and readmission for wound infection at 30 days
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Surgical Site Infection Rate (Open Bypass)YE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
Open Bypass SSI Rate at 30 Days* YE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013 135/1420 = 9.5%
Open Bypass SSI Rate at 30 Days (Q1/Q2 2013 only)*Overall Rate 42/557 = 7.5% Elective Bypass 29/425 = 6.8% Urgent/Emergent Bypass 13/132 = 9.8%
* Lower Extremity Bypass Only28
Surgical Site Infection: Best Practice
Administer prophylactic antibiotics Weight based dosing
Antibiotic redosing in procedures lasting >3 hours
Pre-operative prep = chlorhexidine & alcohol Decrease post-operative transfusion
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SSI: Procedure Details (Open Bypass) YE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
Intra Operative Measures*Antibiotics Pre Procedure 1632/1649 = 99.0%
Vascular Procedures > 3 hrs Duration
1202/1649 = 73%
Antibiotics Re-Dosed in Procedures > 3 hrs Duration
645/1202 = 53.7%
Chlorhexidine Based Skin Prep
1234/1649 = 74.8%
* Open Bypass Procedures only30
Predictors of Surgical Site Infection
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Significant Variables (P-value < 0.1, Blue < 0.05)Variable Odds Ratio LCL UCL
Transfusion During Procedure 3.083 1.757 5.410
BMI 1.057 1.015 1.100
Pre-Operative Resting Pulse 1.017 1.002 1.033
Pre-Operative Blood Pressure 0.991 0.980 1.001
Current Smoker 2.351 0.929 5.946
Hx Hypertension 0.512 0.245 1.070
Hx CHF 1.832 1.037 3.237
Hx CVD/TIA 1.711 1.005 2.913
Chlorhexidine Based Skin Prep 0.537 0.292 0.987Both Prosthetic and Vein Graft (Compared to Prosthetic) 3.026 1.034 8.860
Vein Graft (Compared to Prosthetic) 1.588 0.933 2.703AUC ~ 74%
Gender Age BMI Ethnicity Ambulatory Status Smoking Status Pre-op Resting Pulse Pre-op Blood Pressure Family History of Premature CAD Hypertension Hyperlipidemia Renal Failure/Current Dialysis Diabetes
Pre-Procedure Variables in SSI Model
CHF Significant Valve Disease COPD CVD/TIA CAD Prior PCI Prior MI Prior CABG Current/Recent GI Bleed Afib Other Atherosclerotic Disease Pre-Procedure Hemoglobin Pre-Procedure Creatinine
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SSI: Predictive Pre-Operative Variables
Significant Variables (P-value < 0.1, Blue < 0.05)
Variable Odds Ratio Lower Limit CI Upper Limit CI
BMI 1.055 1.018 1.093
Pre-Ambulation w/Assist 0.570 0.309 1.051
Pre-Operative Resting Pulse 1.021 1.006 1.035
Pre-Operative Blood Pressure 0.989 0.979 0.999
Hyperlipidemia 0.532 0.286 0.991
Hx CHF 2.076 1.120 3.851
Hx CVD/TIA 1.881 1.163 3.042
Hx Prior CABG 0.552 0.294 1.038
AUC = 72.4% 115 Events YE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013 (Excludes Emergent Procedures) 33
SSI: OE Plot (Blinded)
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SSI: Post-Op Hemoglobin
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POST-OPERATIVE MIPOST-OPERATIVE MI
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Post-Operative MI RateYE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
MI Rate at 30 Days (All Procedures)Overall Post-Op MI Rate 84/4978 = 1.7%
CVOD (CEA/CAS) 26/2395 = 1.1%
Open Bypass 39/1559 = 2.5%
EVAR 12/857 = 1.4%
Elective EVAR 8/806 = 1.0%
Emergent EVAR/Rupture 4/51 = 7.8%
Open AAA 7/167 = 4.2%
Elective Open AAA 3/125 = 2.4%
Emergent Open AAA/Rupture 4/42 = 9.5%
Bypass and AAA procedures: MI = 2.2% (58/2583)37
Post-Op MI: Pre-Operative Patient History
Patient History: Post-Op MI vs. Non MINon MI MI Odds Ratio P
Hyperlipidemia 83% 92% 2.2 .170
Hypertension 86% 100% X .001
Diabetes 34% 47% 1.8 .066
CHF 15% 27% 2.1 .040
Hx CAD 51% 69% 2.2 .009
Prior PCI 23% 39% 2.1 .015
Prior MI 28% 49% 2.5 .002
Prior CABG 22% 35% 1.9 .038
Current Renal Failure 2.5% 8.2% 3.5 .035
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Post-Op MI: Pre-Operative Medications
Cardioprotective MedicationsPost-Op MI vs. Non MI
Non MI MI Odds Ratio P
Pre-op Medication
Beta Blocker 60% 80% 2.6 .005
Statin 69% 82% 2.0 0.062
Aspirin 75% 84% 1.7 0.240
ACE Inhibitor 44% 43% 1.0 1.00
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*Patients listed as contraindicated to a specific medication are excluded
Post-OP MI: Pre-Operative Testing
Pre-Operative Testing: Post-Op MI vs. Non MINon MI MI Odds Ratio P
Cardiac Consult (pre-op) 46% 67% 2.4 .004
EKG 80% 84% 1.3 .716
Normal 34% 19% NA NA
Abnormal 66% 81% 0.5 .089
Cardiac Stress Test 38% 29% 0.6 .183
Normal 64% 29% NA NA
Abnormal 36% 71% 0.2 .009
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Post-Op MI: Pre-Operative Patient History
Patient History Comparison: Hospitals with MI >3% and Hospitals with MI <= 3%
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Post-Op MI: Pre-Operative Medications
Pre-Op Medication Comparison: Hospitals with MI >3% and Hospitals with MI <= 3%
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POST-OPERATIVE TRANSFUSIONPOST-OPERATIVE TRANSFUSION
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Post-Operative Transfusion RateYE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
Overall Transfusion Rate*All Procedures 516/2583 = 20.0% Non-Emergent Procedures 448/2471 = 17.7%
Patients transfused with hemoglobin > 8.0
152/448 = 33.9%
* Discharge level transfusion rates for Open Bypass, EVAR, and Open AAA – PRBCs only
Procedure Specific Transfusion RateOpen Bypass 364/1559 = 23.3%EVAR 87/857 = 11.9%Open AAA 65/167 = 40.1%
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Post-Operative Transfusion RateYE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
Procedure Specific Transfusion Rate EVAR (All) 87/857 = 10.2%
Elective EVAR 61/806 = 7.6%Emergent/Rupture EVAR 26/51 = 51%
Open AAA (All) 65/167 = 38.9%Elective Open AAA 39/125 = 31.2%Emergent/Rupture Open AAA
26/42 = 61.9%
Open Bypass 364/1559 = 23.3%
* 2013 Discharge level rates for Open Bypass, EVAR, and Open AAA45
Predictors of Post-Operative Transfusion (Elective Procedures)
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Significant Variables (P-value < 0.1, Blue < 0.05)Variable Odds Ratio Lower Limit CI Upper Limit CIFemale Gender 2.146 1.503 3.063
Procedure Type Open Bypass (Compared to EVAR) 1.853 1.115 3.081
BMI 0.963 0.935 0.991
Hx Hyperlipidemia 0.635 0.390 1.036
Hx CVD/TIA 1.417 0.980 2.047
Current/Recent GI Bleed 2.168 0.937 5.018
Hx Other Atherosclerotic Disease 1.413 0.986 2.024
Renal Failure/Current Dialysis 2.780 1.214 6.369
Pre-op Pulmonary Consult 2.540 1.443 4.474
IV Heparin Post Procedure 2.305 1.512 3.514
Anemia Pre Procedure 3.622 2.512 5.221
EBL 1.001 1.000 1.001AUC = 84.6% 448 Events YTD 2012, Q1/Q2 2013 (Excludes Emergent Procedures)
Pre-Procedure Variables in Transfusion Model
Gender Age BMI Ethnicity Renal Failure/Current Dialysis Renal Transplant Pre-Procedure Hemoglobin Pre-Procedure Creatinine Pre-Procedure Aspirin Pre-Procedure Clopidogrel Pre-Procedure Prasugrel Pre-Procedure Warfarin
CHF Ejection Fraction Significant Valve Disease COPD CVD/TIA CAD Prior PCI Prior MI Prior CABG Current/Recent GI Bleed Afib Other Atherosclerotic Disease
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Significant Variables (P-value < 0.1, blue < 0.05)Variable Odds Ratio Lower Limit CI Upper Limit CI
Female 1.564 1.137 2.149
Age 0.985 0.971 1.000
BMI 0.973 0.949 0.998
Pre Procedure Clopidogrel 1.469 1.055 2.047
Pre Procedure Hemoglobin 0.665 0.614 0.720
Other Atherosclerotic Disease 1.351 0.995 1.835
AUC = 76.8% 448 Events YTD 2012, Q1/Q2 2013
Transfusion: Predictive Pre-Operative Variables
YE 2012, Q1/Q2 2013 (Excludes Emergent Procedures)
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Post-Op Transfusion: OE Plot (Blinded)
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Post-Operative Hemoglobin by Decile
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Vascular Surgery Survey Results
Do you transfuse at a threshold of:
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Vascular Surgery Survey Results
Do you use clinical parameters to decide when to transfuse in addition to Hgb? If so:
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Does your hospital employ techs, nurses, PAs or other professionals who obtain femoral artery
access in the cath lab?:
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Vascular Surgery Survey Results
In a patient with a post operative NSTEMI and Hgb = 9.5, would you transfuse?:
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Vascular Surgery Survey Results
In a post procedure patient with CAD and without symptoms of ischemia and a Hgb = 7.5,
would you transfuse this patient?
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Vascular Surgery Survey Results
VIC VASCULAR SURGERY GOALSVIC VASCULAR SURGERY GOALS
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2014 Vascular Surgery QI Goals
Surgical Site Infection (To Reduce Readmissions) Chlorhexidine & Alcohol Skin Prep >=90% Antibiotic redosing in procedures > 3 hours @100%
Transfusion Decrease transfusion rate in patients with a post-
procedure hemoglobin > 8.0 to <= 10%
Post-Operative MI Reduce hospital post-operative MI rate to < 3%
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Surgical Site Infection Administer antimicrobial agents for prophylaxis with a particular procedure or
disease according to evidence-based standards and guidelines for best practices. Administer intravenous antimicrobial prophylaxis within one hour before incision to
maximize tissue concentration (two hours are allowed for the administration of vancomycin and fluoroquinolones).
Administer a prophylactic antimicrobial agent with an adequate dose based on BMI. Redose prophylactic antimicrobial agents in procedures > 3 hours and every 3 hours
as necessary. Discontinue the prophylactic antimicrobial agent within 24 hours after surgery
(within 48 hours is allowable for cardiothoracic procedures). Preoperatively, use solutions that contain Chlorhexidine plus Alcohol as skin
antiseptic preparations and allow appropriate drying time per product guidelines.
Reference: Safe Practices for Better Healthcare–2010 Update, A CONSENSUS REPORT59
Pre-Operative Cardiac Clearance:
European Society of Cardiology
Guidelines for pre-operative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management in non-cardiac surgery
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Post-Op Transfusion
Goal – Establish Transfusion Guidelines for Vascular Surgery Patients Utilizing:
A. Dr. Carson’s ExpertiseB. Collaborative FeedbackC. Evidence-Based Literature/Data
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Welcome Dr. Carson
Jeffrey L Carson, MDVice Chair, ResearchRichard C Reynolds Professor of MedicineChief, Division of General Internal MedicineRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew Brunswick, New Jersey 08901
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Dr. Carson
Principal Investigator: Transfusion Thresholds in Myocardial Necrosis (MINT)
The MINT Study: Determine the differences between setting a transfusion trigger at one of two different hemoglobin levels
Transfusion Therapy Trial for Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients Undergoing Surgical Hip Fracture Repair (FOCUS)
RCT to determine if a higher transfusion threshold improves functional recovery and reduces morbidity and mortality
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