Bluetooth, Yo!

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Bluetooth

By: Nick Greaner

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What is Bluetooth?

Bluetooth is an open wireless protocol forexchanging data over short distances (using

short radio waves) from fixed and mobiledevices, creating personal area networks(PANs). It was originally conceived as awireless alternative to certain types of data

cables, like the RS-232 data cable. It canconnect several devices, overcomingproblems of synchronization.

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Bluetooth History:

1998: The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) isformed with five companies.

The name Bluetooth is officially adopted.

1999: The Bluetooth 1.0 Specification is released.

2000: First Bluetoothmobile phone.

First BluetoothPC Card.

First chip to integrate radio frequency, baseband,

microprocessor functions and Bluetooth wirelesssoftware.

First Bluetoothheadset.

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Bluetooth History, Cont.

2001: First Bluetooth printer.

First Bluetooth laptop.

The Bluetooth SIG, Inc. is formed as a privately-heldtrade association.

2002: First GPS receiver.

Bluetooth wireless qualified products now number 500.

2003: First MP3 player. First FDA-approved medical system.

2004: First Bluetooth stereo headphones.

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Bluetooth History, Cont. Cont.

2005: First BluetoothSunglasses.

2006: First Bluetoothwatch.

First Bluetoothpicture frame.

Bluetooth wireless reaches an installed base of 1 billiondevices.

First Bluetoothalarm-clock radio.

2007: First television with Bluetoothcapabilities.

2009: The Bluetooth SIG adopts Core SpecificationVersion 3.0 + HS making Bluetooth high speedtechnology a reality.

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How Bluetooth Works:

Bluetooth transmits information through low-power radio

waves. It communicates on a frequency of about 2.45

gigahertz. This frequency band has been set aside by

international agreement for the use of industrial, scientificand medical devices (ISM).

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/bluetooth2.htm

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How Bluetooth Works, Cont.

Bluetooth sends out very weak signals that are about 1

milliwatt in power. Cell phones can transmit up to 3 watts.

Bluetooth devices only have a range of around 32 feet due

to their low power. This cuts the chances of interferencewith your other Bluetooth devices, such as your computer

or television. Bluetooth doesnt need a clear line of sight

to communicate with other devices, despite its low power.

The Bluetooth signals wont be blocked by the walls inyour house, making it the ideal choice for communication

between devices around your house.

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How Bluetooth Works, Cont.

Cont. Ex: You have a Bluetooth-enabled cell phone, and youre

not at home. Youre talking with a friend on the phone

and tell them to call you back later. You go home. As

soon as you get home, your cell phone sends a signal toyour computer, telling it that you are no longer out and

about, but are now at home. Your friend calls you back.

The call is re-routed to your home phone, even though

your friend called your cell phones number. Fancehhh!

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How Bluetooth Works, Cont.

Cont. Cont. Bluetooth systems create a personal-area network (PAN),

or piconet. This piconet could have an area the size of a

house or one as small as from your phone to your headset.

Once this piconet is created, all of the devices will hopfrom frequency to frequency rapidly, in unison, to avoid

other piconets that may be operating in the same room.

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How Bluetooth Works:

Frequency Hopping The logical link control and adaptation protocol (L2CAP)

is the protocol in each Bluetooth devices core system

(previous slide) that allows the devices to communicate toeach other which frequency they should be on and how fast

they should be hopping. Before every hop, the devices

within a piconet send each other packets of information.

The smaller the packets and the faster the hops, the less

chance there is for devices outside of a piconet to interferewith those inside. The average Bluetooth piconet hops

frequency at a rate of 79 hops per second.

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Pairing

Two devices need to be paired once to

communicate with each other. Pairing usually

takes place automatically once a device receives arequest from another device that it is not yet

paired with. Once a pairing has been established, it

is remembered by the devices, which can then

connect to each without user intervention. Whendesired, the pairing relationship can later be

removed by the user.

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Pairing Cont.

During the pairing process, the two devices involved

establish a relationship by creating a shared secret known

as a link key. If a link key is stored by both devices they

are said to be bonded. A device that wants to communicateonly with a bonded device can determine the identity of the

device to be sure that it is the same device it previously

paired with. Once a link key has been generated, an

authenticated ACL link between the devices may beencrypted so that the data that they exchange over the

airwaves is protected against eavesdropping.

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Pairing Cont. Cont.

Link keys can be deleted at any time by either

device. If done by either device this will implicitly

remove the bonding between the devices; so it ispossible for one of the devices to have a link key

stored but not be aware that it is no longer bonded

to the device associated with the given link key.

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Major Manufacturers

Samsung

Sony

Hyundai LG

3Com

Matsushita

Acer Billionton International

Inc.

Canon Inc.

2001 Technology Inc.

Motorola Nokia

Toshiba

Hewlett-Packard

Seiko Epson Corporation Apple, Inc.

Casio Computer Co. Ltd.

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Prices of Major Bluetooth

Products Bluetooth Headset: $38

Bluetooth Adapter: $15

Bluetooth-enabled wireless phone: $80 Bluetooth printer: $425

Bluetooth watch: $200

Bluetooth mouse: $35

Bluetooth keyboard: $40

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Sources

http://www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/SIG/History_of_the_SIG.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluetooth

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/bluetooth1.htm

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/bluetooth.htm

http://www.swedetrack.com/images/bluet13.htm

http://books.google.com/books?id=zBkEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31&dq=how+fast+do+bluetooth+devices+hop&source=bl&ots=o5w0r82lNa&sig=sXq3OesiiLlI8pRGqVmBVqtmigA&hl=en&ei=6hgDS7OuDJPTnAeY-

vln&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CAgQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=how%20fast%20do%20bluetooth%20

devices%20hop&f=false

http://www.bluetooth.com/Bluetooth/Products/Products/

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Tis Ze end!