Bluetooth Architecture and Applications Chris Greco, Wesley Kunzler, Koy Rehme, Zhuo Ruan
Dec 25, 2015
Bluetooth
Architecture and Applications
Chris Greco, Wesley Kunzler, Koy Rehme, Zhuo Ruan
Bluetooth Stack
Bluetooth Radio (Link Layer)
• 2.4 GHz• 79 channels
– 1 MHz spacing– 23 channels in some
countries
• Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
• RSSI (Receiver Signal Strength Indicator)
Baseband (Physical Layer)
• Pseudorandom hopping sequence• Synchronous Connection-Oriented (SCO)
– Audio
• Asynchronous Connection-Less (ACL)– Data
• Error Correction– 1/3 rate FEC– 2/3 rate FEC– ARQ scheme
Baseband (Physical Layer)
• Connection Modes: Active, Sniff, Hold, Park• Device Addressing
– Bluetooth Device Address (48 bits)– Active Member Address (3 bits)– Parked Member Address (8 bits)– Access Request Address
• Synchronization requires:– Channel hopping sequence– Phase– Channel Access Code
Link Manager Protocol (LMP)
• Manages connections and pairings• Authentication• Pairing• Key change• Encryption• Detaching• Power Control• … and much more!
Host Controller Interface (HCI)
Host Controller Interface (HCI)
• Hardware Status and Registers
• Bluetooth-specific commands
• Flow Control
• Error Recovery
• Transport Layers (RS-232, UART, USB)
Logical Link Control and Application Protocol (L2CAP)
• Designed only for ACL links (i.e. no Audio)• Segmentation and Reassembly• Quality of Service• Piconet operation
RFCOMM
• Emulates RS-232 over L2CAP protocol
• Accommodates types 1 and 2 devices
• Supports up to 60 emulated serial ports
• Does not suffer from low-power mode latency delays
• Serial-Bluetooth adapters available– Easily convert to wireless
• Allows for internet-type services
Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)
• Determine which services are available and their characteristics (services)– Universally Unique Identifiers (UUIDs)– Searching for services– Browsing for services
• List of capabilities sent during pairing
• Baby monitor
• Wristwatch communicator – 007 style
• Serial port extender
• PDA Chat
• Audio extender (speaker in other room)
• Indoor/outdoor thermometer / home weather station
• Palatometer
Socket Corp.
(a) (b)
Socket’s CF Ruggedized Serial I/O Card with high-speed serial drivers
Accessory hardware including power adapter, null modem adapter Software tools including Socket’s Bluetooth 1.1 Certified Stack for Windows CE devices
NOTE: Socket’s Bluetooth Stack Dev Tools allow developers to write applications that are Bluetooth aware. These Tools provide built-in screens for doing device discovery and pairing.
$5000
BlueGiga WT11 BT Module
• Bluetooth® Class 1• Two antenna options: internal chip antenna or U.FL
connector• Up to 2-3Mbps • USB version 2.0 compliant• UART with bypass mode • 8Mb of flash memory• RoHS compliant• Control with ASCII commands, or GPIO, or UART
$53Serial or USB interface
$625
Expected shipping date: 01/26/07
Bluepacket 2037 Module
• Arm7 processor
• Class 1
• Firmware embedded
• Integrated MP3 decode
• No answer when called
(a) (b)
BTEVAL:
(Bluetooth evaluation board)
Build-in RS232, TTL converter
ICD2 programming socket
24C256 Memory
Price: $179
Toothpic DARC-I:
(Remotely Configurable Data Acquisition and Remote Control Module)
Tooth PIC module, Serial data I/O
PWM-digital/parallel output control
Analog/digital/parallel input control
Capture of frames of input data up to 5K samples / sec
Price: $64.70
READY Intl Corp.
READY Intl Corp.
(c)
Toothpick DARC-II (Data Acquire& Remote Control with User Interface Server)
Developer interface tools
1. Bluetooth application development
2. On-line analyzer for running remote devices
3. Price: $474
Make Bluetooth Work for You: Build a
Sample Chat Application
• Visual Studio .NET 2003 Final Beta
• Two Pocket PCs with Bluetooth
• Microsoft ActiveSync 3.6
• Prices: $400~500
Rabbit Semiconductor BT Kit
• Comes with 30 MHz uC
• Serial UART control – up to 115kbps
• Complete with sample applications and source code
• $340
Avnet DS-KIT-P160-COMM3
• Xilinx FPGA on board (Microblaze)
• Flash, SRAM, ADC, DAC, Ethernet
• “Easy to use Bluetooth module” (921 kbps UART interface)
$225