blue_brain2

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Welcome


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Welcome A SLIDE PRESENTATION ONA SLIDE PRESENTATION ON

Presented By:Presented By:PritamPritam SankarSankar BiswalBiswal

Re d

. No: 0701205076Re d. No: 0701205076

BLUE BRAINBLUE BRAIN


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Prepared By :

Submitted ToSubmitted To

Department ofDepartment of Electronics andElectronics and

TelecommunicationTelecommunication Engineering,Engineering,

Bhadrak Institute of Engineering & Technology, Bhadrak.Bhadrak Institute of Engineering & Technology, Bhadrak.

Session : 2010Session : 2010--11.11.

Under the Able Guidance ofUnder the Able Guidance ofRespectedRespected Prof. Sanjay KumarProf. Sanjay Kumar MohantyMohanty

Head of the Department, E&TCHead of the Department, E&TCBhadrak Institute of Engineering & Technology, Bhadrak.Bhadrak Institute of Engineering & Technology, Bhadrak.


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CONTENTSCONTENTS

1.INTRODUCTION1.INTRODUCTION2.WHAT IS BLUE BRAIN2.WHAT IS BLUE BRAIN3.WHAT IS VIRTUAL BRAIN3.WHAT IS VIRTUAL BRAIN4.FUNCTION OF NATURAL BRAIN4.FUNCTION OF NATURAL BRAIN5.BRAIN SIMULATION5.BRAIN SIMULATION

6.BLUE BRAIN OBJECTIVES6.BLUE BRAIN OBJECTIVES7.HOW BLUE BRAIN WORKS7.HOW BLUE BRAIN WORKS8.BLUE BRAIN POWER8.BLUE BRAIN POWER9.ARTIFICIAL BRAIN9.ARTIFICIAL BRAIN10.BENEFITS OF BLUE BRAIN10.BENEFITS OF BLUE BRAIN11.CONCLUSION11.CONCLUSION


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INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Human brain, the most valuable creation ofHuman brain, the most valuable creation ofGod.The man is called intelligent becauseGod.The man is called intelligent becauseof the Brain.But we loss the knowledge ofof the Brain.But we loss the knowledge ofa brain when the body is destroyed aftera brain when the body is destroyed afterthe death .the death .

BLUE BRAINBLUE BRAIN-- The name of the worlds firstThe name of the worlds firstvirtual brain. That means a machine thatvirtual brain. That means a machine that

can function as human brain.can function as human brain.

Is it really possible to create a human brain?Is it really possible to create a human brain?


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WHAT IS BLUE BRAINWHAT IS BLUE BRAIN

The IBM is now developing a virtual brainThe IBM is now developing a virtual brainknown as the BLUE BRAIN.known as the BLUE BRAIN.

It would be the worlds first virtualIt would be the worlds first virtualbrain.Within 30 years, we will be able tobrain.Within 30 years, we will be able toscan ourselves into the computers.scan ourselves into the computers.


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BLUE BRAINBLUE BRAIN


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WHAT IS VIRTUAL BRAINWHAT IS VIRTUAL BRAIN

A machine that can function as brain .A machine that can function as brain .

It can take decision.It can take decision.

It can think.It can think.

It can respond.It can respond.

It can keep things in memory.It can keep things in memory.


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WHYWE NEED VIRTUAL BRAINWHYWE NEED VIRTUAL BRAIN

To upload contents of the natural brain intoTo upload contents of the natural brain intoit .it .

To keep the intelligence , knowledge andTo keep the intelligence , knowledge andskill of any person for ever .skill of any person for ever .

To remember things without any effort .To remember things without any effort .


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FUNCTIONING OF BRAINFUNCTIONING OF BRAINSensory Input :Sensory Input :--

Receiving input such as sound ,image, etcReceiving input such as sound ,image, etcthrough sensory cell .through sensory cell .

Interpretation.Interpretation.

Interpretation of the received input by theInterpretation of the received input by thebrain by defining states of neurons in the brain.brain by defining states of neurons in the brain.

Motor Output.Motor Output.

Receiving of electric responses from the brainReceiving of electric responses from the brainto perform any action .to perform any action .


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BRAIN SIMULATIONBRAIN SIMULATION

NATURAL BRAINNATURAL BRAIN VSVS SIMULATED BRAINSIMULATED BRAIN

INPUTINPUT

Through the naturalThrough the naturalneurons.neurons.

INPUTINPUT

Through the siliconThrough the siliconchip or artificialchip or artificial

neurons.neurons.

INTERPRETATIONINTERPRETATION

By a set of bits in theBy a set of bits in theset of register .set of register .

INTERPRETATIONINTERPRETATION

By different states ofBy different states ofthe neurons in thethe neurons in thebrain.brain.


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OUTPUTOUTPUT

Through the naturalThrough the naturalneurons.neurons.

OUTPUTOUTPUT

Through the siliconThrough the siliconchip .chip .

PROCESSINGPROCESSING

Through arithmeticThrough arithmeticand logicaland logicalcalculations.calculations.

PROCESSINGPROCESSING

Through arithmeticThrough arithmeticand logical calculationand logical calculationand artificialand artificialintelligence .intelligence .




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MEMORYMEMORY

Through permanentThrough permanentstates of neurons .states of neurons .

MEMORYMEMORY

Through SecondaryThrough Secondarymemorymemory

Now there is no question how the virtualNow there is no question how the virtualbrain will work. But the question is howbrain will work. But the question is howthe human brain will be up loaded into it.the human brain will be up loaded into it.This is also possible due to the fastThis is also possible due to the fastgrowing technology.growing technology.


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UPLOADING HUMAN BRAINUPLOADING HUMAN BRAIN

The uploading is possible by the use of small robotsThe uploading is possible by the use of small robotsknown as theknown as the nanobotsnanobots..

These robots are small enough toThese robots are small enough to travel throughtravel through

out our circulatory system.out our circulatory system.

Traveling into the spine and brain, they will be ableTraveling into the spine and brain, they will be ableto monitor the activity and structure of ourto monitor the activity and structure of ourcentral nervous system.central nervous system.

They will be able to provide an interface withThey will be able to provide an interface withcomputer that is as close as our mind can becomputer that is as close as our mind can bewhile we still reside in our biological form .while we still reside in our biological form .


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nanobots


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UPLOADING HUMANUPLOADING HUMAN

BRAIN(CONT.)BRAIN(CONT.)Nanobots could also carefully scan the structure ofNanobots could also carefully scan the structure ofour brain, providing a complete readout of theour brain, providing a complete readout of theconnection.connection.

This information, when entered into a computer,This information, when entered into a computer,could then continue to function as us.could then continue to function as us.

Thus the data stored in the entire brain will beThus the data stored in the entire brain will be

uploaded into the computer.uploaded into the computer.


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EXAMPLE OF BLUE BRAINEXAMPLE OF BLUE BRAIN

A very good example of utilisation of blue brain is the caseA very good example of utilisation of blue brain is the case"short term memory"."short term memory".

In some movies we might have noticed that a person might beIn some movies we might have noticed that a person might behaving short term memories.having short term memories.

A another situation is that when a person gets older, then heA another situation is that when a person gets older, then hestarts forgetting or takes a bit more time to recognise to astarts forgetting or takes a bit more time to recognise to aperson.person.

For the above reason we need a blue brain.It ia simple chipFor the above reason we need a blue brain.It ia simple chip

that can be installed into the human brain for which thethat can be installed into the human brain for which theshort term memory and volatile memory at the old age canshort term memory and volatile memory at the old age canbe avoided.be avoided.


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HARDWARE AND SOFTWAREHARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

REQUIRMENTREQUIRMENTA Super computer.A Super computer.

Memory with a very large storing capacity.Memory with a very large storing capacity.

Processor with a very high processing power.Processor with a very high processing power.

A very wide network.A very wide network.

A program to convert the electric impulses from the brain toA program to convert the electric impulses from the brain toinput signal, which is to be received by the computer andinput signal, which is to be received by the computer andvice versa.vice versa.

Very powerful Nanobots to act as the interface between theVery powerful Nanobots to act as the interface between thenatural brain and the computer.natural brain and the computer.

The Blue Brain has some 8,000 processors which map one orThe Blue Brain has some 8,000 processors which map one ortwo simulated brain neurons to each processor, making thetwo simulated brain neurons to each processor, making thecomputer a replica of 10,000 neurons.computer a replica of 10,000 neurons.


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BLUE BRAIN PROJECTBLUE BRAIN PROJECT

OBJEC

TIVESO

BJEC

TIVESThe project will search for insights into how humanThe project will search for insights into how humanbeings think and remember.beings think and remember.

Scientists think that blue brain could also help toScientists think that blue brain could also help to

cure the Parkinson's disease.cure the Parkinson's disease.

The brain circuitry is in a complex state of flux, theThe brain circuitry is in a complex state of flux, thebrain rewiring itself every moment of itsbrain rewiring itself every moment of itsexistence.If the scientists can crack open theexistence.If the scientists can crack open thesecret of how and why the brain does it, thesecret of how and why the brain does it, theknowledge could lead to new breed ofknowledge could lead to new breed ofsupercomputers.supercomputers.


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HOW THE BLUE BRAINHOW THE BLUE BRAIN

PROJ

EC

TW

ILLWO

RKPROJ

EC

TW

ILLWO

RKThe neocortex is the largest and most complex part of theThe neocortex is the largest and most complex part of thehuman brain, and constitutes about 85 per cent of thehuman brain, and constitutes about 85 per cent of thebrain's total mass.brain's total mass.

The neocortex is thought to be responsible for the cognitiveThe neocortex is thought to be responsible for the cognitivefunctions of language, learning, memory and complexfunctions of language, learning, memory and complexthought.thought.

The simulated neurons will be interconnected with rules theThe simulated neurons will be interconnected with rules theteam has worked out about how the brain functions.team has worked out about how the brain functions.

This result would develop a simulated model known asThis result would develop a simulated model known asBluebrain.Bluebrain.


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The "Blue Brain" & HumanThe "Blue Brain" & Human

ConsciousnessConsciousness

"Blue Brain" offer a better understanding of human"Blue Brain" offer a better understanding of humanconsciousness.consciousness.

Its an actual computer brain that may eventuallyIts an actual computer brain that may eventuallyhave the ability to think for itself.have the ability to think for itself.

When it was first fed electrical impulses, strangeWhen it was first fed electrical impulses, strangepatterns began to appear with lightningpatterns began to appear with lightning--likelike

flashes produced by cells that the scientistsflashes produced by cells that the scientistsrecognized from living human and animalrecognized from living human and animalprocesses. "It happened entirely on its own,"processes. "It happened entirely on its own,"


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The "Blue Brain" & HumanThe "Blue Brain" & Human

Consciousness(CONT..)Consciousness(CONT..)

This helped the scientists to understand the actualThis helped the scientists to understand the actualprocessing of the brain whichprocessing of the brain which arisedarised the conceptthe conceptof Blue brain.of Blue brain.

Blue brain acts as a computer that would operate atBlue brain acts as a computer that would operate atinconceivable speedsinconceivable speeds something fast enough tosomething fast enough tosimulate the human brain.simulate the human brain.

A Blue brain aims to unlock the secrets of brain byA Blue brain aims to unlock the secrets of brain byusing the brute power of a supercomputer.using the brute power of a supercomputer.


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FLASHES OF ACTIVITYFLASHES OF ACTIVITY

Blue Brain startedBlue Brain startedproducing flashesproducing flashesof activity thatof activity thatscientistsscientistsrecognized fromrecognized frommeasurements ofmeasurements ofnatural brainnatural brain

behaviorbehavior ---- on itson itsvery first day. "Itvery first day. "Ithappened entirelyhappened entirelyon its own.on its own.


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BLUE BRAIN POWERBLUE BRAIN POWER

The human brain has 100 billions,nerve cells thatThe human brain has 100 billions,nerve cells thatenable us to adapt quickly to an immense arrayenable us to adapt quickly to an immense arrayof stimuli.of stimuli.

Blue brain is a technology that uses Blue Gene aBlue brain is a technology that uses Blue Gene asupercomputer capable of processing 228supercomputer capable of processing 228TFLOPS.TFLOPS.

The main aim of blue brain is to build an softwareThe main aim of blue brain is to build an softwarereplica or template which could reveal manyreplica or template which could reveal manyexisiting aspects of the brain circuits,memoryexisiting aspects of the brain circuits,memorycapacity,and how memories are lost.capacity,and how memories are lost.


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BLUE BRAIN POWER(CONT)BLUE BRAIN POWER(CONT)

The modeling is also able to work out bestThe modeling is also able to work out bestway to compensate and repair errorway to compensate and repair errorcircuits .circuits .

The blue brain model can be used to detectThe blue brain model can be used to detectand test treatment statergies forand test treatment statergies forneurological diseases.neurological diseases.


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EXPERIMENTS ON BLUE BRAINEXPERIMENTS ON BLUE BRAIN

Scientists rely on computer models toScientists rely on computer models tounderstand the toughest concepts inunderstand the toughest concepts inscience.science.

A computer model is being designed to takeA computer model is being designed to takeon the human brain.on the human brain.

A generic template is build which allows usA generic template is build which allows usto reconstruct a brain according to anyto reconstruct a brain according to anyspecifications.specifications.


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'Blue Brain': An Artificial Brain'Blue Brain': An Artificial Brain

Comes To Life In SwitzerlandComes To Life In Switzerland

The machine is beautiful as it wakes upThe machine is beautiful as it wakes up it meansit meansit works in a fine way when started.Nerve cellsit works in a fine way when started.Nerve cellsflicker on the screen , along with that electricalflicker on the screen , along with that electricalcharges are produced.charges are produced.

This piece of hardware consists of about 10,000This piece of hardware consists of about 10,000computer chips that act like real nerve cells.computer chips that act like real nerve cells.

The simulation was created at the TechnicalThe simulation was created at the TechnicalUniversity in Lausanne, Switzerland, where 35University in Lausanne, Switzerland, where 35researchers participate in maintaining thisresearchers participate in maintaining thisartificial brain.artificial brain.


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'Blue Brain': An Artificial Brain'Blue Brain': An Artificial Brain

Comes To Life In SwitzerlandComes To Life In SwitzerlandIt runs on one of the world's most powerfulIt runs on one of the world's most powerful

supercomputers.supercomputers.

The goal is to build a much bigger electronicThe goal is to build a much bigger electronicthinking machinethinking machine ---- one that wouldone that wouldultimately replicate the human brain .ultimately replicate the human brain .

"Blue Brain," is the most radical attempt so"Blue Brain," is the most radical attempt so

far to investigate the mystery offar to investigate the mystery ofconsciousness.consciousness.


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BLUE BRAIN INBLUE BRAIN IN

LAUSANNA,SWITZERLANDLAUSANNA,SWITZERLAND

The "Blue Brain" supercomputer inThe "Blue Brain" supercomputer in

Lausanne, Switzerland.Lausanne, Switzerland.


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BLUE BRAIN MODELBLUE BRAIN MODEL

VISUALISATIONVISUALISATION A visual representation ofA visual representation of

a mammalian neocorticala mammalian neocorticalcolumn.column.

The basic building blockThe basic building block

of the cortex.of the cortex. The representation showsThe representation shows

the part of the brainthe part of the brainwhich has been modeledwhich has been modeledusing a supercomputer.using a supercomputer.

The visualization is partThe visualization is partof an ambitious projectof an ambitious projectto create a biologicallyto create a biologicallyaccurate, functionalaccurate, functionalmodel of the brain usingmodel of the brain usingIBM's Blue GeneIBM's Blue Gene

supercomputer.supercomputer.


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RIDDLE OFCONSCIOUSNESSRIDDLE OFCONSCIOUSNESS

A human brainA human brainconsists of 100consists of 100billion nerve cells.billion nerve cells.A supercomputerA supercomputer

simulating ansimulating anorgan usingorgan usingcurrent technologycurrent technology-- would produce awould produce a

virtual humanvirtual humanbrain.brain.


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BLUE BRAIN SIMULATION USINGBLUE BRAIN SIMULATION USING

MICROPROCESSORMICROPROCESSOR

The Blue BrainThe Blue Brainsimulation uses onesimulation uses onemicroprocessor formicroprocessor for

each of the 10,000each of the 10,000neurons in theneurons in thecortical column of acortical column of arat's cerebral cortex.rat's cerebral cortex.

It helps to build aIt helps to build abrain microcircuit, inbrain microcircuit, inorder to scale it inorder to scale it inhuman brain.human brain.


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BENEFITS OF BLUE BRAINBENEFITS OF BLUE BRAIN

It acts as a supercomputer.It acts as a supercomputer.

Improvements in processing,speed and memoryImprovements in processing,speed and memorycould make entire human brain simulated.could make entire human brain simulated.

Things could be remembered without any effort.Things could be remembered without any effort.

Use the intelligence of the person after death.Use the intelligence of the person after death.

It can make decisions entirely of its own.It can make decisions entirely of its own.

Allowing the deaf to hear via direct nerveAllowing the deaf to hear via direct nervesimulation.simulation.


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DISADVANTAGES OF BLUEDISADVANTAGES OF BLUE

BRAINBRAIN

We become dependent upon the computers.We become dependent upon the computers.

Another fear is found with respect to humanAnother fear is found with respect to humancloning.cloning.

A very costly procedure of regaining theA very costly procedure of regaining the

memory back.memory back.


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CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Will be able to transfer ourselves into theWill be able to transfer ourselves into thecomputer at some point.computer at some point.

Eventually aim of applying terrific computerEventually aim of applying terrific computerpower to the simulation of an entire brain.power to the simulation of an entire brain.

Very soon this technology will be highlyVery soon this technology will be highly

accepted whole over the world.accepted whole over the world.


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