bls_1403_1964.pdf

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Co/y <zm yer)

EMPLOYEE EARNINGS IN SELECTED

METROPOLITAN AREAS OF THE SOUTH

JUNE 1961-JUNE 1962

DRURY COLLEGE LIBRARY U. S. DEPOSITORY COPY

AUG 3 1 1964 Bulletin No. 1403

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan C lague, Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis


EMPLOYEE EARNINGS IN SELECTED

METROPOLITAN AREAS OF THE SOUTH

JUNE 1961-JUNE 1962

Bulletin No. 1403July 1964

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR W. Willard Wirtz, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 2 0 4 0 2 - Price 30 cents



Preface

T h is b u lle tin p r e se n ts e s t im a te s o f em p loym en t and earn in gs for n o n su p e rv iso ry em p lo y e e s in m a n u fa ctu rin g and s e le c te d nonm anufacturing in d u str ie s in nine m etro p o lita n a r e a s of the South w ith pop ulation s of b etw een 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 and 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 . The r e s u lts of th is su r v e y r e la te to June of 1961 and 1962 w hich p erm it an exam in ation of w age ch an ges o ccu rr in g during a p er io d when the F e d e r a l m inim um w age w as in c r e a se d from $1 to $ 1 . 1 5 , and a $ 1 m in im u m w age w as exten ded to w o rk e rs brought under the p r o v is io n s of the F a ir L abor Standards A ct for the f ir s t tim e on S ep tem b er 3, 1961. The su r v e y , m ade bythe B ureau of Labor S ta t is t ic s , w as p art of a broad p r o gram of s tu d ies in itia ted by the D ep artm en t o f Labor for continuing a p p r a isa l of F e d e r a l m in im u m w age le g is la t io n .

The W age and Hour and P u b lic C on tracts D iv is io n s p a rtic ip a ted in the planning of the su r v e y and prov id ed the n e c e s s a r y funds. T h is study w as cond ucted in the B u reau 's D iv is io n of N ation al W age and S a lary Incom e by N orm an J . S a m u e ls , C h ief of the D iv is io n , under the g e n e r a l d irec tio n of L . R. L in se n m a y er , A s s is ta n t C o m m iss io n e r for W ages and In d u stria l R e la tio n s. The a n a ly s is w as p rep a red by J o sep h K. C occo , under the im m ed ia te su p e r v is io n of H erb er t S ch affer .

m



Contents

P a g eS u m m a r y ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4S e le c t e d m e tr o p o li ta n a r e a s o f th e South:

A m a r i l lo , T e x --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7A s h e v i l l e , N . C -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9D u r h a m , N . C ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10H u n t s v i l le , A l a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12L a k e C h a r le s , L a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13L e x in g to n , K y ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15M o n r o e , L a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 17T u s c a lo o s a , A l a ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19W ic h ita F a l l s , T e x ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21

C h a r ts :1. P a y l e v e l s fo r m a n u fa c tu r in g and n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g

in d u s t r ie s in 9 s o u th e r n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s ,J u n e 1962 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

2. W age d is t r ib u t io n fo r n o n s u p e r v is o r y e m p lo y e e s at$ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e in m a n u fa c tu r in g and at $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e in r e t a i l t r a d e , J u n e 1961and J u n e 1 9 6 2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5

T a b le s :P e r c e n t a g e d is t r ib u t io n o f n o n s u p e r v is o r y e m p lo y e e s by

a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , s e l e c t e d in d u s tr y g r o u p s , J u n e 1961 and J u n e 1962:

1. A m a r i l lo , T e x --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 232 . A s h e v i l l e , N . C -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 243. D u r h a m , N . C ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 254 . H u n t s v i l l e , A l a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 265. L a k e C h a r le s , L a -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 276 . L e x in g to n , K y ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 287 . M o n r o e , L a ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 298 . T u s c a lo o s a , A l a ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 309 . W ic h ita F a l l s , T e x ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31

A p p e n d ix e s :A . S c o p e and m e th o d o f s u r v e y -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33B . Q u e s t io n n a ir e ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 35

v



Employee Earnings in Selected Metropolitan Areas of the South, June 1961 and June 1962

S u m m a r yP a y l e v e l s fo r n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s in n in e s o u th e r n m e tr o p o li ta n

a r e a s s e l e c t e d fo r s t u d y 1 d i f f e r e d b y a s m u c h a s 4 4 p e r c e n t , r a n g in g fr o m $ 1 . 5 1 an h o u r in A s h e v i l l e , N . C . , to $ 2 . 1 8 in L a k e C h a r le s , L a . , in J u n e 1 9 62 . A m o n g th e r e m a in in g a r e a s , h o w e v e r , a v e r a g e e a r n in g s d i f f e r e d b y no m o r e th an 10 p e r c e n t , f r o m $ 1 . 7 0 to $ 1 . 8 7 an h o u r , a s sh o w n on c h a r t 1. T h e p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r v a r ie d fr o m 6 to 13 p e r c e n t , w h ile fr o m 21 to 34 p e r c e n t a v e r a g e d l e s s th a n $ 1 . 2 5 an h o u r a m o n g th e n in e a r e a s . C o m p a r a t iv e ly g r e a t e r d i f f e r e n c e s w e r e foun d in th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r , w h ic h r a n g e d fr o m 16 to 55 p e r c e n t .

T h e d i s p e r s io n o f in d iv id u a l e a r n in g s fo r th e m id d le h a lf o f th e a r e a w o r k e r s v a r ie d w id e ly a s sh o w n in th e fo l lo w in g ta b u la t io n . E a r n in g s w e r e c o m p r e s s e d o v e r a 5 7 -c e n t r a n g e in A s h e v i l l e , c o m p a r e d w ith a s p r e a d o f $ 1 . 6 9 in L a k e C h a r le s . T h e r a n g e o f s u c h e a r n in g s w a s l e s s th a n $ 1 in fo u r o th e r a r e a s and m o r e th an $ 1 in th e r e m a in in g th r e e a r e a s . T h e e x te n t to w h ic h th e w a g e d is tr ib u t io n d e p a r te d fr o m s y m m e t r y in e a c h o f th e a r e a s i s r e f l e c t e d in th e d if f e r e n c e b e tw e e n th e m e a n (th e a r i t h m e t ic a v e r a g e o f a l l th e in d iv id u a l h o u r ly e a r n in g s ) and th e m e d ia n (th e a m o u n t b e lo w an d a b o v e w h ic h e a r n in g s fo r 50 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s a r e fo u n d ). S u ch d i f f e r e n c e s v a r ie d fr o m 4 c e n ts an h o u r in L a k e C h a r le s , to 27 c e n t s an h o u r in H u n t s v i l le , A la . , and w e r e at l e a s t 14 c e n t s in f iv e o th e r a r e a s . A v e r a g e (m ea n ) e a r n in g s e x c e e d e d m e d ia n e a r n in g s in e a c h o f th e n in e a r e a s .

C ents-per-hour advantage of the m ean over the

Area In terquartile ra n g e 1 m edianA m arillo , T e x ----------------------- $ 1 .26 —$2. 17 $0 .20A sheville, N. C --------------------- 1 .19— 1.76 .0 9Durham , N. C ----------------------- 1 .21— 2 .1 7 .0 8H untsville, A l a --------------------- 1 .2 0 - 2 .2 9 .2 7Lake Charles, L a ------------------- 1 .30— 2 .9 9 .0 4Lexington, K y ----------------------- 1.24— 2 .3 0 .1 4Monroe, L a -------------------------- 1» 18— 2 ,1 6 .1 5Tuscaloosa, Ala .-------------------- 1 .17— 2 .4 0 .1 8W ichita Falls, T e x ---------------- 1.21— 2 .0 7 .1 8

1 The lim its of the in terquartile range and the m ed ian were determ ined by in terpolation w ithin a 5- or 1 0-cen t wage in terval shown in the tables.

In m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , th e l e v e l o f s t r a ig h t - t im e e a r n in g s fo r n o n s u p e r v is o r y e m p lo y e e s r a n k ed lo w e s t in A s h e v i l l e a t $ 1. 58 an h o u r an d h ig h e s t in L a k e C h a r le s at $ 2 . 6 9 . M a n u fa c tu r in g a v e r a g e s w e r e b e tw e e n $ 1. 7 5 and $ 2 an h o u r in fo u r o th e r a r e a s and a b o v e $ 2 in tw o o t h e r s . 1 2 R e la t iv e ly fe w f a c to r y

1 The survey covered most m ajor industry divisions excep t agriculture and governm ent in 9 Standard M etropolitan S ta tistical Areas in the South which had populations of 100,000 to 150,000 (according to the 1960 census). Other industry exceptions were petroleum and natural gas production; ra ilroad transportation; and nonprofit religious, charitab le , educational, and humane organizations. See appendix A for a more deta iled description of the scope and m ethod of survey and definitions of term s.

2 Insufficient data were obtained for m anufacturing in H untsville, A la. , to w arrant separate presentation.

1


Chart 1. Pay Levels for Manufacturing and Nonmanufacturing Industries in

9 Southern Metropolitan Areas, June 1962

AV ER AG E HOURLY E A R N IN G S AVERAG E HOURLY EARNINGS

$ 3 .00 $ 3 . 0 0

$ 2 .5 0 $ 2 .5 0

$ 2.00 $ 2.00

$ 1 5 0 $1 .50

$1 00ASHVILLE, W IC H IT A F A L L S , T E X A S DURHAM , MONROE. LOUISIANA AM A R ILLO , T E X A S TU S C A LO O S A ,

N O RTH C AR O LIN A NORTH CAR O LIN A ALABAM A

$ 1.00LEXING TON , H U NTSVILLE, ALA RAM A LAK E C H A RLES ,K EN TU C K Y LOUISIA NA

J / Insufficient manufacturing data to warrant presentation.


3

w o r k e r s in an y o f th e a r e a s w e r e p a id l e s s th an th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m , w h ic h w a s in e f f e c t at th e t im e o f th e Ju n e 1962 s u r v e y . 3 H o w e v e r , f r o m n e a r ly a te n th to a lm o s t a f if th r e c e iv e d l e s s th an $ 1. 25 an h o u r , th e F e d e r a l m in im u m e f f e c t iv e on S e p te m b e r 3, 1 9 6 3 . In a l l a r e a s , th e m a j o r i t y o f th e w o r k e r s w iths u c h e a r n in g s w e r e c o n c e n tr a t e d at o r ju s t a b o v e $ 1 . 15 an h o u r . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r d i f f e r e d m o r e w id e ly a m o n g th e a r e a s , 15 p e r c e n t in A s h e v i l l e and 84 p e r c e n t in L ak e C h a r le s .

D i f f e r e n c e s in in d u s tr y c o m p o s i t io n l a r g e ly a c c o u n te d fo r th e v a r ia t io n in f a c t o r y e a r n in g s a m o n g th e a r e a s . F o r e x a m p le , r e la t i v e ly lo w e r p a y in g in d u s t r i e s , s u c h a s fo o d , t e x t i l e s , and a p p a r e l p r o v id e d th e m a jo r s o u r c e o f m a n u fa c tu r in g e m p lo y m e n t in A s h e v i l l e , w h e r e a s th e h ig h e r p a y in g p e tr o le u m r e f in in g and c h e m ic a l in d u s t r ie s e m p lo y e d a s u b s t a n t ia l p o r t io n o f th e f a c to r y w o r k f o r c e in L a k e C h a r le s .

In th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s s t u d ie d ,4 a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s r a n g e d fr o m $ 1 . 4 2 to $ 1 . 9 0 in J u n e 1 9 6 2 , a g a in in A s h e v i l l e and L a k e C h a r le s . A p p r o x im a te ly a te n th o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s in 6 o f th e 9 a r e a s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r , and fr o m a h a lf to tw o - t h ir d s in a l l o f th e a r e a s h a d h o u r ly e a r n in g s b e tw e e n $ 1 and $ 2 . S ig n if ic a n t c l u s t e r s o f w o r k e r s w e r e fou n d at th e $ 1—$ 1 .0 5 and $ 1. 15—$ 1 .2 0 p a y in t e r v a ls 5 in m o s t o f th e a r e a s s tu d ie d .

T h e s m a l l e r d i s p e r s io n o f n o n fa c to r y th an f a c t o r y e a r n in g s i s a t tr ib u ta b le in p a r t to th e g r e a t e r s im i la r i t y a m o n g th e a r e a s in th e d is t r ib u t io n o f w o r k e r s a m o n g th e v a r io u s s e g m e n t s o f n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s . F o r e x a m p le , in 6 o f th e 9 a r e a s , r e t a i l t r a d e a c c o u n te d fo r fr o m 32 to 38 p e r c e n t o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s ; t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s fr o m 11 to 16 p e r c e n t ; w h o le s a le tr a d e fr o m 7 to 16 p e r c e n t ; and c o n t r a c t c o n s tr u c t io n fr o m 13 to 20 p e r c e n t .

T h e e a r n in g s o f n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d fr o m 3 to 79 c e n ts b e lo w t h o s e o f m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s in 8 o f th e 9 a r e a s w h e r e c o m p a r is o n s w e r e p o s s i b l e . P a y d i f f e r e n c e s a p p e a r e d to b e d ir e c t ly r e la t e d to th e l e v e l o f m a n u fa c tu r in g e a r n in g s in th e a r e a . In th r e e a r e a s w h e r e f a c t o r y p a y l e v e l s w e r e th e lo w e s t , th e p a y a d v a n ta g e d id n o t e x c e e d 16 c e n t s an h o u r; in th e tw o m id d le r a n k e d a r e a s , p a y d i f f e r e n c e s w e r e 36 and 39 c e n ts ; and in th e th r e e a r e a s w ith th e h ig h e s t p a id m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s , w a g e l e v e l s w e r e 4 8 to 79 c e n t s an h o u r h ig h e r th an in n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g . H o w e v e r , w h e n r a n k e d b y a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s , th e o r d e r o f c i t i e s w a s n o t a lw a y s id e n t ic a l fo r b o th m a n u fa c tu r in g and n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g . F o r e x a m p le , W ic h ita F a l l s and A m a r i l lo , T e x . , r e c o r d e d th e s e c o n d and th ir d lo w e s t m a n u fa c tu r in g p a y l e v e l s , but w e r e r a n k e d , r e s p e c t i v e ly , f i f th and th ir d fr o m th e to p in n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g e a r n in g s .

A r e a w a g e l e v e l s fo r a l l in d u s t r ie s in J u n e 1962 w e r e fr o m 5 to 14 c e n ts an h o u r h ig h e r th an a t th e t im e of th e e a r l i e r s u r v e y in J u n e 1 9 6 1 . N o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s e x p e r ie n c e d a g r e a t e r i n c r e a s e in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s th an fa c t o r y w o r k e r s in e a c h o f th e a r e a s w h e r e c o m p a r is o n s w e r e p o s s ib le e x c e p t A s h e v i l l e , w h e r e th e m a n u fa c tu r in g w a g e l e v e l fo r b o th y e a r s w a s th e lo w e s t a m o n g th e a r e a s . C e n ts p e r h o u r in c r e a s e s in a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s in n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w e r e a s h ig h a s 13 c e n ts in th r e e a r e a s and fr o m 10 to 12 in th r e e o t h e r s . T h e l a r g e s t g a in in m a n u fa c tu r in g , on th e o th e r h a n d , w a s 8 c e n t s an h o u r .

3 Not a ll workers in m anufacturing are subject to the m inim um wage provisions of the Fair Labor Standards A ct. In addition to those engaged in intrastate com m erce, others are exem pt under conditions specified in sec. 13 of the ac t as am ended by Public Law 87—30, approved Sept. 3, 1961.

See footnote 1 for excluded industries.C For ease of reading in this and subsequent discussions of tabulations, the lim its of the class intervals are

designated as $1—$ 1.05 , or from $1 to $ 1 .05 , or betw een $1 and $ 1 .05 , instead of using the more precise term inology of "$1 and under $1. 05. "


4

C h a n g e s in th e d is t r ib u t io n o f m a n u fa c tu r in g e a r n in g s w e r e in f lu e n c e d , in p a r t , b y th e in c r e a s e in th e F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e f r o m $ 1 to $ 1. 1 5 an h o u r . T h e e x te n t o f th e c h a n g e d e p e n d e d on th e p r o p o r t io n o f th e a r e a ' s fa c t o r y w o r k e r s at th e lo w e r en d o f th e p a y s c a le p r io r to th e e f f e c t iv e d a te o f th e n e w m in im u m , a s sh o w n in c h a r t 2 . In J u n e 1961— 3 m o n th s b e fo r e th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m b e c a m e e f f e c t i v e — fr o m 5 to 16 p e r c e n t o f th e f a c t o r y w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 an h o u r . In J u n e 1 9 6 2 , f e w e r th a n 5 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s in a n y o f th e a r e a s w e r e p a id l e s s th an th a t a m o u n t. B e tw e e n s u r v e y s , th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s a t th e $ 1 . 15—$ 1 . 2 0 w a g e in t e r v a l d o u b le d an d in s o m e a r e a s m o r e th an t r ip le d . In e a c h a r e a , th e p r o p o r t io n o f fa c t o r y w o r k e r s c o n c e n tr a t e d at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m in J u n e 1962 w a s g r e a t e r th an th e p r o p o r t io n at o r j u s t a b o v e th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m in e f f e c t in J u n e 1 9 61 .

C h a n g e s in th e w a g e d is t r ib u t io n o f f a c t o r y w o r k e r s w e r e n o t r e s t r i c t e d s o l e l y to th e lo w e r p a y l e v e l s . A s l ig h t ly la r g e r p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n e d $ 2 or m o r e an h o u r in J u n e 1962 th a n in J u n e 1 9 6 1 , in a l l o f th e a r e a s in w h ic h c o m p a r is o n s c o u ld b e m a d e e x c e p t in A m a r i l lo and W ic h ita F a l l s , w h e r e s m a l l d e c r e a s e s o c c u r r e d .

In n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , th e a p p lic a t io n o f a $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m , m o s t ly to r e t a i l t r a d e e m p lo y e e s , c o u p le d w ith th e i n c r e a s e in th e F e d e r a l m in im u m fo r p r e v io u s ly c o v e r e d e m p lo y e e s , p r o d u c e d a tw o -p r o n g e d e f f e c t on th e d is tr ib u t io n o f e a r n in g s . S u b s ta n t ia l r e d u c t io n s o c c u r r e d in th e p r o p o r t io n s o f n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s p a id l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r and l e s s th a n $ 1 . 15 b e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 and 1962 in e a c h o f th e a r e a s . C o n c o m ita n t ly , th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m i n c r e a s e d m a r k e d ly . A lth o u g h m a n y o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s at th e $ 1—$ 1 .0 5 w a g e in t e r v a l in J u n e 1961 w e r e r a i s e d to th e h ig h e r m in im u m , th e e f f e c t on th e e a r n in g s d is t r ib u t io n w a s m o d if ie d by th e m o v e m e n t in to th is w a g e in t e r v a l o f th e n e w ly p r o t e c te d w o r k e r s . L i t t le c h a n g e w a s n o te d in th e p r o p o r t io n o f n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s at th e $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 w a g e in t e r v a l b e tw e e n s u r v e y y e a r s .

T h e im p a c t o f th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e w a s m o r e a p p a r e n t w h en e a r n in g s o f r e t a i l e m p lo y e e s w e r e e x a m in e d s e p a r a t e ly . U p to h a lf and no fe w e r th an a f if th o f th e r e t a i l w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 in J u n e 1 9 6 1 . B y J u n e 1 9 6 2 , s u c h p r o p o r t io n s w e r e m o r e th a n h a lv e d in m o s t o f th e a r e a s , w h ile th o s e c o n c e n tr a t e d a t o r j u s t a b o v e th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m at l e a s t d o u b le d in th r e e a r e a s and in c r e a s e d b y tw o - t h ir d s o r m o r e in th r e e o t h e r s .

F o c u s on th e w a g e c h a n g e s in w h o le s a le tr a d e i l lu m in a t e d th e e f f e c t s o f th e i n c r e a s e o f th e F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e on n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s s u b je c t to th e F a ir L a b o r S ta n d a r d s A c t p r io r to S e p te m b e r 1 9 6 1 . In J u n e 1 9 6 1 , f r o m 11 to 4 3 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th a n $ 1 . 15 an h o u r and f e w e r th an 16 p e r c e n t w e r e a t th e $ 1 . 1 5 —$ 1 . 2 0 w a g e in t e r v a l in th e s ix a r e a s fo r w h ic h w h o le s a le tr a d e d a ta w e r e a v a i la b le s e p a r a t e ly . N o m o r e th a n 5 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th a n $ 1 . 15 in a n y o f t h e s e a r e a s in J u n e 1 9 6 2 , and fr o m 10 to 4 6 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e c o n c e n tr a t e d a t o r j u s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m .

C h a r a c t e r i s t i c s

T h e n in e m e tr o p o li ta n a r e a s s e l e c t e d fo r s tu d y in th e S ou th e a c h h ad p o p u la t io n s o f f r o m 1 0 0 , 000 to 1 5 0 , 000 a c c o r d in g to th e I9 6 0 c e n s u s . A s sh o w n in th e ta b u la t io n on th e fo l lo w in g p a g e , A m a r i l lo , T e x . , h ad th e l a r g e s t p o p u la t io n a m o n g th e a r e a s w ith 1 4 9 ,4 9 3 and M o n r o e , L a . , h ad th e s m a l l e s t w ith 1 0 1 ,6 6 3 .


5

Chari 2. Wage Distribution for Nonsupervisory Employees

at $1.15 Federal Minimum Wage in Manufacturing

and at $1 Federal Minimum Wage in Retail Trade,

June 1961 and June 1962

RETAIL TRADE MANUFACTURINGP E R C E N T

50 4 0 3 0 2 0 10 0P E R C E N T

0 10 2 0 3 0 4 0 50

A M A R ILLO , TEX A S

Under $1.00 Under $1.15

$1.00 - $ 1.05 $1.15 - $ 1.20

A S H E V ILLE , N ORTH CAROLIN AUnder $ 1.00 Under $1.15

$ l. 0 0 -$ l. 0 5 $1.1 5 - $1.20

D U R H A M , N ORTH CAROLINA

Under $ 1 0 0 Under $1.15

$1.0 0 - i> l.0 5 $1.15- $1.20

H U N TS V ILL E, A LA R AM A

U nder- S 1.00 J/

$1.00 - $1.05 J/

LA K E C H A RLES , LO U ISIA N A


$1 0 0 - $ l . 0 5 $1.15 — $1.20

L E X IN G TO N , K EN TU C K Y

Under $1.00 Under $ 1.15

$ 1 0 0 - $ ! 0 5 $1.15 — $ 1.20

M ONROE, LO UISIA N A


$ 1 .0 0 - $1.05 $1.1 5 - $1 2 0

TU S C A LO O S A , A LA R AM A

Under $1,00 Under $1.15

$ 1.00- $ 1.05 $1.15- $ 1.20

W IC H ITA FA LLS , T EX A SUnder $1.00 Under $1.15

$ 1.00- $ 1.05 $1.1 5 - S I . 2 0

Insufficient manufacturing data to warrant presentation.


6

Estim ated num ber P ercen t of non-Counties included Population

of nonsupervisory workers included

supervisory workers in

in m etropolitan (1960 in the survey m anufacturing M ajor m anufacturingArea area census) (June 1962) (June 1962) industries

A m arillo , T e x --------- P otter and Randall 149,493 21,800 15 Food and kindred products, m achinery (excep t e lec trica l).

A sheville, N . C -------- Buncombe 130,074 26,300 55 T extile m ill products, chem icals, and a llied products.

Durham , N .C ----------- Durham 111,995 23,800 47 Tobacco m anufactures (c igarettes).

H untsville, A l a ------- M adison 117,348 17,600 21 T ex tile m ill products.Lake Charles, L a ------ C alasieu Parish 145,475 18,200 36 Petroleum refining, petro

chem icals.Lexington, K y --------- F ayette 131,906 24,800 31 N onelec trica l m achinery ,

food products, e lec trica l m achinery.

M onroe, La-------------- O uachita Parish 101,663 15,800 35 Pulp, paper, and a llied products, chem icals.

Tuscaloosa, A la------- Tuscaloosa 109,047 14,800 49 Prim ary m etals, paper products, rubber, m isce lla neous p lastics, food, lum ber.

W ichita Falls, Tex — A rcher and W ichita 129,638 14,900 19 Food and kindred products, apparel, m achinery (excep t e lec trica l), printing.

N o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y , r a n g e d fr o m 14, 800 in T u s c a lo o s a , A la . , to 2 6 , 300 in A s h e v i l l e , N . C . in Ju n e 1 9 6 2 . E m p lo y e e s w ith in s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y d i f f e r e d b y no m o r e th an 5 p e r c e n t b e tw e e n th e Ju n e 1961 and 1962 s u r v e y s in e a c h o f th e a r e a s e x c e p t H u n t s v i l l e , w h e r e e m p lo y m e n t w a s ab ou t a f if th h ig h e r in 1962 th an in 1 9 61 . T h e d is t r ib u t io n o f e m p lo y m e n t a m o n g th e in d u s tr y d iv i s io n s w a s a p p r o x im a te ly th e s a m e in b o th s u r v e y p e r io d s in e a c h o f th e a r e a s . A t th a t t im e , m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s in A s h e v i l l e , N .C . , a c c o u n te d fo r a s m a n y a s 55 p e r c e n t o f th e a r e a w o r k e r s in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y and in A m a r i l lo , T e x . , fo r a s fe w a s 15 p e r c e n t . In H u n t s v i l le and W ic h ita F a l l s , ab ou t a f if th o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g , w h ile in th e o th e r f iv e a r e a s th e p r o p o r t io n o f fa c t o r y w o r k e r s r a n g e d fr o m t h r e e - t e n t h s to a lm o s t h a lf . R e ta i l t r a d e , g e n e r a l ly , w a s th e p r e d o m in a n t n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g a c t iv i t y s tu d ie d , e m p lo y in g fr o m abou t a fo u r th o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s in H u n ts v i l le to t w o - f i f t h s in T u s c a lo o s a , A la . F r o m a te n th to s l ig h t ly m o r e th an a f if th o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d in c o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t io n , and fr o m abou t a te n th to n e a r ly a f if th w e r e in t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s in e ig h t o f th e a r e a s w h e r e s u c h d a ta w e r e a v a i la b le s e p a r a t e ly . In H u n t s v i l le , h o w e v e r , th e s e r v i c e s in d u s t r ie s a c c o u n te d fo r m o r e th a n t w o - f i f t h s o f th e n o n f a c t o r y w o r k e r s , m o s t o f w h o m w e r e e m p lo y e d in a c t iv i t i e s w h ic h su p p o r t th e G o v e r n m e n t 's s p a c e f l ig h t and b a l l i s t i c s m i s s i l e f a c i l i t i e s .

I n d u s tr ie s n o t c o v e r e d by th e s u r v e y , o f c o u r s e , p la y an im p o r ta n t e c o n o m ic r o le in m a n y o f th e a r e a s . F o r e x a m p le , th e r a i lr o a d in d u s tr y i s an im p o r ta n t p a r t o f th e in d u s t r ia l c o m p le x in A m a r i l lo , T e x . , w h e r e th r e e m a jo r l in e s c o n v e r g e . A s h e v i l l e , N . C . , i s a m a jo r m a r k e t fo r b u r le y to b a c c o w h ic h , to g e th e r w ith p o u ltr y and d a ir y p r o d u c t s , c o n t r ib u te s to m a k in g B u n c o m b e C o u n ty an im p o r ta n t a g r ic u l t u r a l a r e a . S im i la r ly , D u r h a m , N . C . , i s a m a jo r to b a c c o m a r k e t . L e x in g to n , K y . , i s a ls o w e l l k n ow n a s a c e n t e r fo r b u r le y to b a c c o . A lth o u g h L a k e C h a r le s , L a . , i s lo c a t e d in la n d , i t fu n c t io n s a s a sh ip p in g c e n te r fo r th e r i c e , o i l , and p e t r o c h e m ic a l p r o d u c ts p r o d u c e d in th e a r e a th r o u g h th e


7

u s e o f a d e e p w a te r c h a n n e l to th e G u lf o f M e x ic o . T h e c r u d e p e tr o le u m and n a tu r a l g a s e x t r a c t io n in d u s t r ie s a r e im p o r ta n t e le m e n t s in th e e c o n o m y o f W ic h ita F a l l s , T e x . T u s c a lo o s a , A la . , i s th e h o m e o f th e U n iv e r s i t y o f A la b a m a . O ne o f th e w o r ld 's l a r g e s t n a tu r a l g a s f i e ld s i s lo c a t e d in th e M o n r o e , L a . , a r e a .

S e le c t e d M e tr o p o lita n A r e a s o f th e S ou th

A m a r i l lo , T e x .

A n e s t im a t e d 2 1 ,8 0 0 n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y a v e r a g e d , a s a g r o u p , $ 1 . 7 8 an h o u r in J u n e 1 9 6 2 . M e d ia n e a r n in g s w e r e 20 c e n ts an h o u r b e lo w th is a v e r a g e . E a r n in g s fo r th e m id d le 50 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s r a n g e d fr o m $ 1. 26 to $ 2 . 1 7 an h o u r ( ta b le 1).

F e w e r th an a s ix t h o f th e w o r k e r s s u r v e y e d w e r e e m p lo y e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , w h e r e th e p a y l e v e l w a s $ 1 . 8 0 an h o u r . A te n th o f th e w o r k e r s r e c e iv e d l e s s th a n $ 1. 25 and h a lf o f th is p r o p o r t io n w a s at or ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e . A lm o s t t h r e e - f i f t h s o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d $ 1 . 5 0 o r m o r e an h o u r and o v e r t h r e e - t e n t h s e a r n e d a t l e a s t $ 2 an h o u r . F o o d p r o c e s s in g w a s th e l a r g e s t s in g le m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s tr y e m p lo y in g n e a r ly a th ir d o f A m a r i l lo ' s fa c t o r y w o r k e r s , fo l lo w e d b y m a c h in e r y ( e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) , w h ic h e m p lo y e d a b o u t a fo u r th . L u m b e r and w o o d p r o d u c t s , p r in t in g and p u b lis h in g , and p r im a r y m e t a l s , w h e n c o m b in e d , a c c o u n te d fo r a th ir d o f th e fa c t o r y w o r k f o r c e .

In n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , a v e r a g e e a r n in g s w e r e 3 c e n t s an h o u r l e s s th a n th e m a n u fa c tu r in g p a y l e v e l . A lth o u g h th e p r o p o r t io n o f n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th a n $ 1 . 5 0 an h o u r w a s s im i la r to th a t fo r m a n u fa c tu r in g , a fo u r th o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th a n $ 1. 2 5 , and m o r e th a n a s ix th l e s s th an $ 1 . 1 5 an h o u r . A s l ig h t ly l a r g e r p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s w e r e at th e $ 1 . 2 5 —$ 1 . 3 0 w a g e in t e r v a l (8 p e r c e n t ) th a n at th e $ 1 . 1 5 —$ 1 . 2 0 (5 p e r c e n t ) or $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 (7 p e r c e n t ) w a g e in t e r v a l s .

In r e t a i l t r a d e , a s ix th o f th e w o r K e r s e a r n e d b e tw e e n $ 1 and $ 1 . 0 5 an h o u r and th a t g r o u p a c c o u n te d fo r 85 p e r c e n t o f th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s . A th ir d o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 , and a lm o s t a te n th l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r . A v e r a g e e a r n in g s fo r r e t a i l w o r k e r s , w ho r e p r e s e n t e d m o r e th an a th ir d o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s , w e r e $ 1 . 5 5 an h o u r .

In w h o le s a le t r a d e , w o r k e r s h ad a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e e a r n in g s o f $ 1 . 6 6 an h o u r . V ir t u a l ly a l l o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 1 . 1 5 an h o u r . A te n th o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e , and a l ik e p r o p o r t io n w e r e at th e $ 1 . 2 5 —$ 1 . 3 0 p a y in t e r v a l . In f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e , th e l e v e l and d is t r ib u t io n o f e a r n in g s w e r e s im i la r to t h o s e n o te d fo r w h o le s a le t r a d e . S ig n if ic a n t p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s w e r e a l s o foun d at b o th th e $ 1. 1 5—$ 1. 20 and $ 1 .2 5 —$ 1. 30 p a y in t e r v a l s , 9 and 14 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t iv e ly .

P a y l e v e l s w e r e s u b s t a n t ia l ly h ig h e r in c o n t r a c t c o n s tr u c t io n and t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s , $ 2 . 6 4 and $ 2. 19» r e s p e c t iv e ly . T h e s e tw o in d u s t r i e s , w h e n c o m b in e d , a c c o u n te d fo r s l ig h t ly m o r e th an h a lf o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s e a r n in g a t l e a s t $ 2 an h o u r and fo r t w o - t h ir d s e a r n in g $ 2 . 50 o r m o r e an h o u r . S e v e n t y - t h r e e p e r c e n t o f th e c o n s tr u c t io n w o r k e r s r e c e iv e d $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r and 4 5 p e r c e n t , $ 3 o r m o r e . In th e tr a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s in d u s tr y g r o u p , th e p r o p o r t io n s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s w e r e 57 and 10 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t iv e ly .


8

W age C h a n g e s . T h e a r e a p a y l e v e l fo r a l l n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s i n c r e a s e d b y 6 c e n t s an h o u r b e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 and 1 9 6 2 . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 an h o u r d e c l in e d fr o m 21 to 15 p e r c e n t , w h ile t h o s e e a r n in g fr o m $ 1 . 15 to $ 1 . 2 0 in c r e a s e d o n ly s l ig h t ly — fr o m 4 to 5 p e r c e n t . C h a n g e s in th e w a g e d is t r ib u t io n a l s o o c c u r r e d a t th e u p p e r en d o f th e p a y s c a l e . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 2 o r m o r e , fo r e x a m p le , in c r e a s e d fr o m 28 to 31 p e r c e n t .

In m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , a v e r a g e e a r n in g s in c r e a s e d b y 3 c e n t s an h o u r b e tw e e n s u r v e y y e a r s . O n ly 2 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e p a id l e s s th an th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e in J u n e 1962 c o m p a r e d w ith 9 p e r c e n t in J u n e o f 1961. P a r t o f th is d e c l in e w a s o f f s e t b y an i n c r e a s e fr o m 2 to 5 p e r c e n t in th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g b e tw e e n $ 1 . 1 5 and $ 1 . 2 0 an h o u r . A t th e o th e r en d o f th e w a g e s c a l e , th e r e w a s a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t io n o f fa c t o r y w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 3 o r m o r e in 1962 th a n in 1961 , 8 and 4 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t iv e ly .

In n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , a v e r a g e e a r n in g s i n c r e a s e d b y 6 c e n t s an h o u r b e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 and 1 9 6 2 . T h e i n c r e a s e in th e p r o p o r t io n o f n o n f a c t o r y w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r , f r o m 28 to 31 p e r c e n t , w a s a lm o s t o f th e s a m e m a g n itu d e a s th e r e d u c t io n o f w o r k e r s p a id l e s s th a n $ 1 an h o u r , fr o m 12 to 8 p e r c e n t . L i t t le o r no c h a n g e o c c u r r e d in th e p r o p o r t io n o f n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s , a s a w h o le , at th e $ 1—$ 1 . 0 5 and $ 1. 15—$ 1. 20 p a y in t e r v a l s .

W ag e c h a n g e s in r e t a i l t r a d e , h o w e v e r , r e f l e c t e d , in p a r t , th e in f lu e n c e o f th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e . 6 R e ta i l w o r k e r s a c c o u n te d fo r v ir t u a l ly a l l o f th e r e d u c t io n in n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r b e tw e e n s u r v e y s . In J u n e 1961 , m o r e th a n a f if th o f th e r e t a i l w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r and f e w e r th an an e ig h th w e r e a t th e $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 w a g e in t e r v a l . In J u n e 1 9 6 2 , f e w e r th a n a te n th e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 and a s ix th w e r e c o n c e n tr a t e d at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m .

T h e e f f e c t s o f th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e w e r e a p p a r e n t in w h o le s a le tr a d e and f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e . In J u n e 1961 , a p p r o x im a te ly a te n th o f th e w o r k e r s in b o th in d u s tr y g r o u p s e a r n e d l e s s th a n $ 1 . 15 an h o u r . In J u n e 1 9 6 2 , a l l but 1 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s in e i t h e r g r o u p h a d su c h e a r n in g s , and th e p r o p o r t io n s at th e $ 1 . 15—$ 1 . 20 p a y in t e r v a l i n c r e a s e d fr o m 6 to 10 p e r c e n t in w h o le s a le tr a d e and fr o m 4 to 9 p e r c e n t in f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e . T h e c o n c e n tr a t io n s at th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m in J u n e 1962 w e r e ab ou t tw ic e a s g r e a t a s th e p r o p o r t io n s at th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m in J u n e 1961 . E a r n in g s a v e r a g e d 2 c e n ts an h o u r m o r e in 1962 th a n in 1961 in b o th in d u s tr y g r o u p s .

B y c o n t r a s t , a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s fo r w o r k e r s in c o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t io n , and t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s a d v a n c e d b y 18 and 20 c e n t s an h o u r , r e s p e c t i v e ly . C h a n g e s in th e w a g e d is t r ib u t io n s w e r e , fo r th e m o s t p a r t , r e s t r i c t e d to th e h ig h e r p a y l e v e l s . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f c o n s t r u c t io n w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 2 or m o r e an h o u r , fo r e x a m p le , in c r e a s e d fr o m 62 to 73 p e r c e n t an d th e p r o p o r t io n in th e t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s g r o u p w ith s u c h e a r n in g s in c r e a s e d f r o m 4 4 to 57 p e r c e n t .

b Slightly more than two-fifths of Amarillo's retail trade workers in June 1962 were employed in establishmentswhich became subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act in September 1961.


9

A s h e v i l l e , N . C .

T h e J u n e 1962 s u r v e y in c lu d e d a p p r o x im a te ly 2 6 , 300 n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s w h o , a s a g r o u p , a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 5 1 an h o u r . M e d ia n e a r n in g s w e r e $ 1 . 4 2 an h o u r . E a r n in g s fo r th e m id d le 50 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s r a n g e d fr o m $ 1 . 19 to $ 1 . 7 6 an h o u r . N e a r ly an e ig h th o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e a t th e $ 1 . 1 5 —$ 1 . 2 0 w a g e in t e r v a l ( ta b le 2).

In m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , w h e r e 55 p e r c e n t o f th e a r e a w o r k fo r c e w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y w a s e m p lo y e d , th e p a y l e v e l w a s $ 1 . 5 8 an h o u r . A n e ig h th o f th e m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s w e r e c o n c e n tr a t e d at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e , a f if th e a r n e d l e s s th a n $ 1 . 2 5 , and a lm o s t a h a lf , l e s s th a n $ 1 . 5 0 . A b o u t h a lf o f th e m a n u fa c tu r in g e m p lo y m e n t w a s r o u g h ly d iv id e d b e tw e e n th e c h e m ic a l and t e x t i l e s in d u s t r i e s . T e x t i l e w o r k e r s , w ho a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 4 9 an h o u r , a c c o u n te d fo r n e a r ly t h r e e - t e n t h s o f th e fa c t o r y w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 . 5 0 an h o u r . A c c o u n t in g fo r ab ou t a n o th e r t h r e e - t e n t h s o f th e w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s w e r e t h o s e in th e fo o d and a p p a r e l in d u s t r i e s , w h ic h to g e th e r c o n s t i tu te d n e a r ly a f if th o f th e f a c t o r y w o r k e r s .

T h e p a y l e v e l fo r n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y w a s 16 c e n ts b e lo w th e a v e r a g e fo r m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s . D i f f e r e n c e s in th e w a g e d is tr ib u t io n b e tw e e n n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g and m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s w e r e m o r e p r o n o u n c e d at th e lo w e r th an at th e u p p e r en d o f th e p a y s c a l e . A lm o s t h a lf o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s (a b o u t 2 V2 t im e s th e p r o p o r t io n o f f a c t o r y w o r k e r s ) e a r n e d l e s s th a n $ 1 . 2 5 an h o u r , and a s ix t h , l e s s th a n $ 1 . A b ou t e q u a l p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s , a te n th , w e r e at th e $ 1 . 1 5 —$ 1 . 2 0 and $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 w a g e in t e r v a l s .

R e t a i l t r a d e w o r k e r s , w h o c o m p r is e d n e a r ly t w o - f i f t h s o f th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s , a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 3 0 an h o u r . E a r n in g s fo r h a l f o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 an h o u r , a f if th w e r e p a id th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e , and ab o u t a s ix t h o f th e w o r k e r s r e c e iv e d l e s s th a n $ 1 an h o u r . M o r e th an t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s at o r j u s t a b o v e th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e and n e a r ly t w o - f i f t h s p a id l e s s th a n $1 an h o u r w e r e e m p lo y e d in r e t a i l t r a d e .

W h o le s a le tr a d e w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 4 7 an h o u r . A fo u r th o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e c o n c e n tr a t e d at th e $ 1 . 15—$ 1 . 2 0 w a g e in t e r v a l , and th e y a c c o u n te d fo r a fo u r th o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s . A b ou t a th ir d o f th e w h o le s a le tr a d e w o r k e r s w e r e c lu s t e r e d b e tw e e n $ 1. 20 and $ 1 . 3 5 an h o u r .

P a y l e v e l s in th e t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s g r o u p an d c o n t r a c t c o n s tr u c t io n w e r e $ 1 . 8 2 and $ 1 . 7 8 an h o u r , r e s p e c t iv e ly . N in e p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s in th e fo r m e r g r o u p and 14 p e r c e n t in th e la t t e r g r o u p e a r n e d fr o m $ 1 . 15 to $ 1 . 2 0 an h o u r . A lth o u g h fe w e r th an t w o - f i f t h s o f th e w o r k e r s in e a c h in d u s tr y g r o u p e a r n e d $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r , a f if th o f th e t r a n s p o r ta t io n and p u b lic u t i l i t y w o r k e r s r e c e iv e d a t l e a s t $ 2 . 5 0 an h o u r , a lm o s t tw ic e th e p r o p o r t io n o f c o n s tr u c t io n w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s .

W ag e C h a n g e s . B e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 and 1 9 6 2 , th e o v e r a l l a r e a p a y l e v e l a d v a n c e d b y 5 c e n t s an h o u r . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s p a id l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 an h o u r d e c lin e d fr o m 29 to 16 p e r c e n t and t h o s e p a id l e s s th a n $ 1 fr o m 14 to 8 p e r c e n t . A t th e s a m e t im e , th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s a t th e $ 1 . 15 to $ 1 . 2 0 w a g e in t e r v a l in c r e a s e d fr o m 4 to 12 p e r c e n t and t h o s e e a r n in g $ 1 . 2 5 o r m o r e an h o u r fr o m 63 to 68 p e r c e n t .


10

In m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s r o s e by 6 c e n t s an h o u r b e tw e e n s u r v e y y e a r s . T h e in c r e a s e in th e F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e fr o m $ 1 to $ 1 . 1 5 m a r k e d ly in f lu e n c e d th e e a r n in g s o f th e lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s . B e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 and 1962 , th e p r o p o r t io n e a r n in g l e s s th a n $ 1 . 15 an h o u r d e c lin e d fr o m 14 to 2 p e r c e n t , w h ile th o s e at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 15 m in im u m in c r e a s e d fr o m 5 to 13 p e r c e n t . C h a n g e s in th e w a g e d is t r ib u t io n a ls o o c c u r r e d at h ig h e r e a r n in g s l e v e l s d u r in g th is p e r io d . F o r e x a m p le , th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r in c r e a s e d fr o m 10 to 15 p e r c e n t .

In n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , w o r k e r s ' e a r n in g s in J u n e 1962 a v e r a g e d 3 c e n t s an h o u r m o r e th a n in J u n e o f th e p r e v io u s y e a r . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 an h o u r w a s r e d u c e d fr o m 4 5 p e r c e n t in 1961 to 33 p e r c e n t in 1 9 6 2 , w h ile t h o s e p a id l e s s th an $1 d e c l in e d fr o m 27 to 17 p e r c e n t . R e f le c t in g th e r i s e in th e F e d e r a l m in im u m , w a s an i n c r e a s e fr o m 4 to 10 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s a t th e $ 1 . 15—$ 1 . 20 p a y in t e r v a l . T h e p r o p o r t io n e a r n in g $ 1. 25 or m o r e a ls o i n c r e a s e d b e tw e e n s u r v e y y e a r s , f r o m 4 8 to 53 p e r c e n t . T h e e x t e n s io n o f th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m r e s u l t e d in l i t t l e c h a n g e in th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s at th e $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 w a g e in t e r v a l , 13 p e r c e n t in 1961 and 10 p e r c e n t in 1 9 6 2 .

T h e e x te n t to w h ic h th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m a f fe c t e d e a r n in g s b e c a m e m o r e a p p a r e n t , h o w e v e r , w h e n w a g e c h a n g e s w e r e e x a m in e d in r e t a i l t r a d e . T h e in d u s tr y a c c o u n te d fo r n in e - t e n t h s o f th e d e c r e a s e in n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s p a id l e s s th a n $ 1 . 7 T h e p r o p o r t io n o f r e t a i l w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th a n $ 1 an h o u r d e c l in e d by ab ou t h a l f , fr o m 35 to 17 p e r c e n t , and th o s e at th e $ 1 l e v e l n e a r ly d o u b le d , f r o m 12 to 20 p e r c e n t .

E f f e c t s o f th e $ 1. 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m w e r e a p p a r e n t in w h o le s a le t r a d e , w h e r e e a r n in g s i n c r e a s e d by 4 c e n t s an h o u r . T w o - f i f th s o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th a n $ 1. 15 in 1961 , w h e r e a s v ir t u a l ly a l l w o r k e r s e a r n e d at l e a s t th a t a m o u n t a y e a r l a t e r . T h e p r o p o r t io n at or ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m i n c r e a s e d fr o m 2 to 26 p e r c e n t . M a rk e d c h a n g e s in th e w a g e d is t r ib u t io n a ls o o c c u r r e d b e tw e e n $ 1 . 2 0 and $ 1 . 3 5 w h e r e th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s m o r e th an d o u b le d , f r o m 16 to 33 p e r c e n t .

In c o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t io n and th e t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s g r o u p , s h i f t s in e m p lo y m e n t at th e $ 1 . 15 l e v e l w e r e l e s s p r o n o u n c e d . A b o u t a f if th o f th e w o r k e r s in b o th g r o u p s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 1 5 and fe w e r th an a tw e n t ie th w e r e a t th e $ 1 . 15—$ 1 . 2 0 p a y in t e r v a l in J u n e 1961 . A y e a r l a t e r , fe w e r th a n 5 p e r c e n t in e i th e r g r o u p r e c e iv e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 1 5 and th e p r o p o r t io n s at o r j u s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m w e r e r o u g h ly o f th e s a m e m a g n itu d e a s th e c o n c e n tr a t io n s at th e $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 p a y in t e r v a l in J u n e 1961 , 14 p e r c e n t inc o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t io n and 9 p e r c e n t in t r a n s p o r t a t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s .

D u r h a m , N . C .

A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e e a r n in g s w e r e $ 1 . 7 4 an h o u r fo r a p p r o x im a te ly 2 3 , 8 0 0 n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e J u n e 1962 s u r v e y . M ed ia n e a r n in g s w e r e $ 1 . 6 6 an h o u r and e a r n in g s fo r th e m id d le 50 p e r c e n t r a n g e d fr o m $ 1 . 2 1 to $ 2 . 1 7 an h o u r . T h e l a r g e s t c o n c e n tr a t io n o f w o r k e r s fou n d a t an y 5 - c e n t w a g e in t e r v a l— n e a r ly a te n th — w a s at $ 1 . 1 5 —$ 1 . 2 0 an h o u r ( ta b le 3 ).

7 Nearly three-tenths of Asheville's retail trade workers in June 1962 were employed in establishments whichbecame subject to the Fair Labor Standards Act in September 1961.


11

C lo s e to h a lf o f th e w o r k e r s s u r v e y e d w e r e e m p lo y e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , w h e r e a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f $ 1 . 9 3 an h o u r w e r e 19 c e n ts an h o u r h ig h e r th a n th e a r e a a l l in d u s t r ie s a v e r a g e . A lm o s t h a lf o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 2 and a te n th e a r n e d $ 2 . 50 o r m o r e an h o u r . M o st o f D u r h a m 's h ig h e r p a id m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d in th e c ig a r e t t e in d u s tr y , w h ic h a c c o u n te d fo r 4 5 p e r c e n t o f th e a r e a ' s m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s . A p p r o x im a te ly an e ig h th o f th e fa c t o r y w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 2 5 an h o u r and fe w e r th an a te n th w e r e fo u n d a t o r j u s t a b o v e th e $ 1. 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e .

N o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 57 an h o u r at s t r a ig h t - t im e r a t e s , 36 c e n t s an h o u r l e s s th a n fa c t o r y w o r k e r s . T h e lo w e r w a g e l e v e l o f n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s i s r e f l e c t e d in t h e ir d is t r ib u t io n s o f in d iv id u a l e a r n in g s . F o r e x a m p le , t w o - f i f t h s o f t h e s e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 2 5 an h o u r , m o r e th an th r e e t im e s th e p r o p o r t io n o f f a c t o r y w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s ; m o r e th an a f if th o f th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s e a r n e d $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r , l e s s th an h a lf th e p r o p o r t io n o f fa c t o r y w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s . A b ou t a te n th o f th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s w e r e fou n d a t th e 5 - c e n t in t e r v a l w h ic h in c lu d e d th e $ 1. 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e , and a p p r o x im a te ly th e s a m e p r o p o r t io n w e r e at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e .

R e ta i l w o r k e r s , w h o a c c o u n te d fo r t h r e e - t e n t h s o f th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s , a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 4 3 an h o u r . N e a r ly a fo u r th o f th e r e t a i l w o r k e r s w e r e c lu s t e r e d a t th e $ 1—$ 1. 05 w a g e in t e r v a l , and th e y a c c o u n te d fo r n e a r ly s e v e n - te n th s o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s . M o r e th an h a l f o f th e r e t a i l w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th a n $ 1. 25 and a te n th l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r .

P a y l e v e l s w e r e h ig h e r in th e o th e r n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s tr y g r o u p s , fo r w h ic h d a ta a r e sh o w n s e p a r a t e ly . T r a n s p o r ta t io n and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s a t $ 1 . 8 6 an h o u r h ad th e h ig h e s t l e v e l o f e a r n in g s , fo l lo w e d b y c o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t io n at $ 1 . 7 1 , an d f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e at $ 1 . 6 9 an h o u r . N o m o r e th an ab ou t a te n th o f th e e m p lo y e e s in e a c h o f t h e s e in d u s tr y g r o u p s w e r e p a id l e s s th a n th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e . N e a r ly a s ix th o f th e w o r k e r s in e a c h o f th e f i r s t tw o g r o u p s w e r e c lu s t e r e d a t o r ju s t a b o v e th is m in im u m , c o m p a r e d w ith f e w e r th an a te n th in th e la t t e r g r o u p . E a r n in g s o f $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r w e r e p a id to m o r e th an a th ir d o f th e w o r k e r s in t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s , to t h r e e - t e n t h s in c o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t io n , and to a fo u r th in f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e .

W ag e C h a n g e s . T h e a r e a p a y l e v e l fo r n o n s u p e r v is o r y e m p lo y e e s w a s 9 c e n t s an h o u r h ig h e r in J u n e 1962 th a n 1 y e a r e a r l i e r . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th a n $ 1 . 15 an h o u r d e c l in e d fr o m 22 to 16 p e r c e n t , w h ile th o s e e a r n in g b e tw e e n $ 1 . 15 and $ 1 . 2 0 in c r e a s e d fr o m 2 to 9 p e r c e n t . C h a n g e s , h o w e v e r , w e r e n o t c o n f in e d to j u s t th e lo w e r en d o f th e p a y s c a l e . F o r e x a m p le , th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r in c r e a s e d fr o m 29 to 3 5 p e r c e n t d u r in g th is p e r io d .

M a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s ' e a r n in g s i n c r e a s e d , on th e a v e r a g e , b y 8 c e n t san h o u r b e tw e e n s u r v e y s . In J u n e 1962----9 m o n th s a f te r th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a lm in im u m w a g e b e c a m e e f f e c t i v e — v ir t u a l ly a l l o f th e fa c to r y w o r k e r s w e r e p a id at l e a s t th e n e w m in im u m , and a lm o s t a te n th w e r e a t th e $ 1. 15—$ 1. 20 in t e r v a l , a p p r o x im a t in g th e p r o p o r t io n r e c e iv in g l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 in J u n e 1961 . P r o n o u n c e d c h a n g e s in th e m a n u fa c tu r in g w a g e d is t r ib u t io n a ls o o c c u r r e d at th e h ig h e r p a y l e v e l s b e tw e e n s u r v e y y e a r s . F o r e x a m p le , th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g fr o m $ 2 . 2 0 to $ 2 . 5 0 an h o u r m o r e th an d o u b le d , fr o m 8 to 21 p e r c e n t . M o st o f th is c h a n g e r e s u l t e d fr o m a - p e r c e n t w a g e i n c r e a s e n e g o t ia te d in th e to b a c c o in d u s tr y w h ic h b e c a m e e f f e c t iv e in O c to b e r 1961. ®

8 See C urrent Wage D evelopm ents, No. 168, Dec. 1, 1961, p. 11.


12

T h e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g p a y l e v e l i n c r e a s e d b y 10 c e n t s an h o u r b e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 and 1 9 6 2 . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s at o r j u s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e in c r e a s e d f r o m 3 p e r c e n t in th e e a r l i e r s u r v e y to 9 p e r c e n t in th e la t e r s u r v e y , w h ile t h o s e p a id l e s s th an th a t a m o u n t d e c r e a s e d fr o m 35 to 27 p e r c e n t . T h e m o v e m e n t o f w o r k e r s fr o m th e $ 1 to th e $ 1 . 15 p a y l e v e l w a s a p p a r e n t ly o f f s e t b y t h o s e a f f e c t e d b y th e in tr o d u c t io n o f th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m , s in c e a b o u t a te n th o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e a t th e $ 1—$ 1. 05 w a g e in t e r v a l in b o th J u n e o f 1961 and 1 9 62 . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s p a id l e s s th a n $ 1 an h o u r d e c r e a s e d fr o m 18 to 11 p e r c e n t d u r in g th e y e a r .

M o s t o f th e w o r k e r s w h o s e e a r n in g s w e r e a f f e c t e d b y th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e w e r e e m p lo y e d in r e t a i l t r a d e , w h e r e th e p a y l e v e l a d v a n c e d b y 6 c e n t s an h o u r b e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 an d 1 9 6 2 . 9 R e t a i l t r a d e w o r k e r s a c c o u n te d fo r n in e - t e n t h s o f th e r e d u c t io n in n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th a n $ 1 an h o u r . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f r e t a i l w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s d e c l in e d fr o m n e a r ly t h r e e - t e n t h s in 1961 to a te n th in 1 9 6 2 , w h ile th e p r o p o r t io n at th e $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 in t e r v a l in c r e a s e d fr o m fe w e r th a n a te n th to n e a r ly a fo u r th .

P a y l e v e l s in c r e a s e d in e a c h o f th e o th e r t h r e e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s tr y g r o u p s sh o w n s e p a r a t e ly — b y 6 c e n t s in c o n t r a c t c o n s tr u c t io n ; 7 c e n t s in t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ; and 12 c e n t s in f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , an d r e a l e s t a t e . S h a rp r e d u c t io n s in th e p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s p a id l e s s th an $ 1 . 1 5 a c c o m p a n ie d b y m a r k e d i n c r e a s e s at th e $ 1 . 1 5 —$ 1 . 2 0 w a g e in t e r v a l w e r e n o te d in th e f o r m e r tw o g r o u p s . In th e la t t e r in d u s tr y g r o u p , on th e o th e r h a n d , no s ig n if ic a n t c h a n g e o c c u r r e d in th e w a g e d is t r ib u t io n at th e $ 1 . 15 l e v e l . T h e r e w a s , h o w e v e r , a m a r k e d i n c r e a s e in th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g at l e a s t $ 2 an h o u r .

H u n t s v i l l e , A la .

A v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s w e r e $ 1 . 8 7 fo r th e a p p r o x im a te ly 1 7 , 6 0 0 n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e J u n e 1962 s u r v e y . M ed ia n e a r n in g s w e r e $ 1 . 6 0 an h o u r . E a r n in g s fo r th e m id d le 50 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s r a n g e d b e tw e e n $ 1. 20 and $ 2 . 29 an h o u r ( ta b le 4 ) .

N e a r ly f o u r - f i f t h s o f th e w o r k e r s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y w e r e e m p lo y e d in n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g i n d u s t r i e s , 10 w h e r e th e p a y l e v e l w a s $ 1 . 8 9 an h o u r . A lm o s t t h r e e - t e n t h s o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th a n $ 1 . 2 5 an d l ik e p r o p o r t io n s o f ab ou t a te n th e a c h w e r e at th e $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 and $ 1 . 1 5 —$ 1 . 2 0 w a g e in t e r v a l s . A t th e o th e r en d o f th e p a y s c a l e , m o r e th a n a th ir d o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r , n e a r ly a fo u r th $ 2 . 5 0 o r m o r e , and m o r e th a n an e ig h th at l e a s t $ 3 an h o u r .

T h e s e r v i c e in d u s t r i e s , w h ic h e m p lo y e d m o r e th a n t w o - f i f t h s o f th e n o n fa c t o r y w o r k e r s , c o n tr ib u te d g r e a t ly to th e r e la t i v e ly h ig h e a r n in g s in n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g . S u ch w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 4 1 an h o u r a t s t r a ig h t - t im e r a t e s . N e a r ly t h r e e - f i f t h s o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r and a lm o s t h a lf o f t h e s e e a r n e d $ 3 o r m o r e an h o u r . N o n s u p e r v is o r y e m p lo y e e s in th e r e s e a r c h and d e v e lo p m e n t and e n g in e e r in g s e r v i c e s , w h ic h su p p o r t th e G o v e r n m e n t 's s p a c e f l ig h t and b a l l i s t i c s m i s s i l e f a c i l i t i e s in th e a r e a , a c c o u n te d fo r v ir t u a l ly a l l o f th e w o r k e r s in th e s e r v i c e in d u s t r ie s w ith e a r n in g s o f $ 3 o r m o r e an h o u r .

9 A pproxim ately tw o-fifths o f Durham 's re ta il trade workers in June 1962 were em ployed in establishm ents which becam e subject to the Fair Labor Standards A ct.

10 Insufficient data were available for m anufacturing to p erm it separate presentation .


13

In r e t a i l t r a d e , w h e r e ab o u t a fo u r th o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d , w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d $ 1. 38 an h o u r . M o r e th an an e ig h th o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e p a id l e s s th a n $ 1 an h o u r and a c c o u n te d fo r a p p r o x im a te ly t w o - f i f t h s o f th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s . N e a r ly a fo u r th o f th e r e t a i l w o r k e r s w e r e c lu s t e r e d at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m and c o m p r is e d t w o - t h ir d s o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s at th is w a g e in t e r v a l . N e a r ly h a l f o f th e r e t a i l tr a d e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1. 15.

C o n tr a c t c o n s tr u c t io n w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d $ 1. 92 an h o u r . A b ou t a te n th e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 15, and ab ou t th e s a m e p r o p o r t io n e a r n e d fr o m $ 1 . 15 to $ 1 . 2 0 an h o u r . A th ir d e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 2 an h o u r and a f if th e a r n e d $ 3 o r m o r e .

W ag e C h a n g e s . T h e a r e a p a y l e v e l in c r e a s e d b y 14 c e n t s an h o u r b e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 and 1 9 62 . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 an h ou r d e c l in e d fr o m 16 to 7 p e r c e n t . T h e m o s t s ig n if ic a n t c h a n g e in th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s at a n y o f th e 5 - o r 1 0 -c e n t w a g e in t e r v a l s w a s an i n c r e a s e fr o m 3 to 8 p e r c e n t in th e p r o p o r t io n e a r n in g b e tw e e n $ 1 . 1 5 and $ 1. 20 an h o u r .

In n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , a v e r a g e e a r n in g s r o s e b y 13 c e n ts an h o u r b e tw e e n s u r v e y s . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s p a id l e s s th an $ 1 d e c lin e d fr o m 20 to 8 p e r c e n t , w h ile th e p r o p o r t io n at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m in c r e a s e d fr o m 2 to 7 p e r c e n t . T h e c lu s t e r o f w o r k e r s at th e $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 w a g e in t e r v a l in c r e a s e d s l ig h t ly fr o m 7 to 9 p e r c e n t , and th e p r o p o r t io n e a r n in g $ 3 or m o r e r o s e fr o m 12 to 14 p e r c e n t .

In th e s e r v i c e in d u s t r i e s , a v e r a g e e a r n in g s in c r e a s e d b y 18 c e n t s an h o u r . S in c e m o s t s e r v i c e s in d u s t r ie s a r e g e n e r a l ly n o t s u b je c t to th e p r o v is io n s o f th e F a ir L a b o r S ta n d a r d s A c t , an d th e fe w w h ic h a r e , w e r e r e la t i v e ly h ig h w a g e in d u s t r ie s in th e H u n t s v i l le a r e a , l i t t l e c h a n g e o c c u r r e d in th e w a g e d i s tr ib u t io n at th e lo w e r p a y l e v e l s . B e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 and 1962 , h o w e v e r , th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 3 o r m o r e an h o u r in c r e a s e d f r o m 22 to 28 p e r c e n t .

R e ta i l t r a d e , w h e r e th e p a y l e v e l r o s e b y 25 c e n ts an h o u r , a c c o u n te d fo r v ir t u a l ly a l l o f th e r e d u c t io n in n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th a n $ 1 an h o u r . 11 In J u n e 1961 , 4 6 p e r c e n t o f th e r e t a i l w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r . In J u n e 1962 , 14 p e r c e n t h a d s u c h e a r n in g s and th e p r o p o r t io n at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $1 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e had m o r e th a n d o u b le d , f r o m 10 to 23 p e r c e n t . C h a n g e s in th e w a g e d is t r ib u t io n a ls o o c c u r r e d at h ig h e r l e v e l s o f p a y . F o r e x a m p le , 31 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d $ 1 . 2 5 o r m o r e in 1961 c o m p a r e d w ith 4 5 p e r c e n t in 1 9 6 2 .

In c o n t r a c t c o n s tr u c t io n , th e p a y l e v e l d e c l in e d b y 15 c e n t s an h o u r . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f c o n s tr u c t io n w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 . 5 0 in c r e a s e d fr o m 23 to 4 0 p e r c e n t b e tw e e n s u r v e y p e r io d s .

L a k e C h a r le s , L a .A p p r o x im a te ly 1 8 , 2 0 0 n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e

s u r v e y a v e r a g e d , a s a g r o u p , $ 2 . 1 8 an h o u r in J u n e 1 9 6 2 . M ed ia n e a r n in g s w e r e $ 2 . 14 an h o u r . E a r n in g s fo r th e m id d le 50 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s r a n g e d b e tw e e n $ 1 . 3 0 and $ 2 . 9 9 an h o u r (ta b le 5).

Almost a third of Huntsville's retail trade workers in June 1962 were employed in establishments which becamesubject to the Fair Labor Standards Act in September 1961.


14

S lig h t ly m o r e th a n a th ir d o f th e w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y w e r e e m p lo y e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , w h e r e a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f $ 2 . 6 9 w e r e 51 c e n ts an h o u r h ig h e r th an th e a r e a a v e r a g e fo r a l l in d u s t r i e s . A l l but a s ix th o f th e w o r k e r s r e c e iv e d $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r , n e a r ly s e v e n - t e n t h s e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 2 . 5 0 , and s l ig h t ly m o r e th an t w o - f i f t h s r e c e iv e d $ 3 o r m o r e an h o u r . N e a r ly f o u r - f i f t h s o f th e f a c t o r y w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 3 o r m o r e an h o u r w e r e e m p lo y e d in th e p e tr o le u m r e f in in g in d u s tr y . M o st o f th e r e m a in in g w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s w e r e e m p lo y e d in th e c h e m ic a l in d u s tr y . T o g e th e r , t h e s e in d u s t r ie s c o m p r is e d a lm o s t n in e - t e n th s o f th e fa c t o r y w o r k f o r c e . R e la t iv e ly fe w f a c to r y w o r k e r s e a r n e d th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e .

In n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , a v e r a g e e a r n in g s w e r e $ 1 . 9 0 an h o u r . N e a r ly t h r e e - f i f t h s o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 1 . 50 an h o u r and a lm o s t t w o - f i f t h s , $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r . E a r n in g s o f l e s s th an $ 1. 25 p r e v a i le d fo r n e a r ly t h r e e - t e n t h s o f th e w o r k e r s , and l e s s th an $ 1 n e a r ly a te n th . S im i la r p r o p o r t io n s o f n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s w e r e fou n d at th e 5 - c e n t w a g e in t e r v a l w h ic h in c lu d e d th e $ 1 . 1 5 and th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e s , 7 and 6 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t iv e ly .

A v e r a g e p a y l e v e l s d id not v a r y s ig n i f ic a n t ly a m o n g th r e e o f th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s tr y g r o u p s sh o w n s e p a r a t e ly . H o u r ly e a r n in g s a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 6 2 fo r b o th th e r e t a i l t r a d e and f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e in d u s t r ie s and $ 1 . 6 0 fo r w h o le s a le t r a d e . In r e t a i l t r a d e , w h ic h e m p lo y e d n e a r ly a th ir d o f th e w o r k e r s in n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g , s l i g h t ly m o r e th a n an e ig h th o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e p a id l e s s th an $ 1, a c c o u n t in g fo r n e a r ly h a lf o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s . M o r e th a n a te n th o f th e r e t a i l t r a d e w o r k e r s w e r e c o n c e n tr a t e d at th e $ 1—$ 1. 05 w a g e in t e r v a l and th e y a c c o u n te d fo r n e a r ly t h r e e - f i f t h s o f th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s w ith in th a t w a g e in t e r v a l . In th e w h o le s a le tr a d e in d u s tr y , v ir t u a l ly a l l th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 1 . 15, but a lm o s t a f if th w e r e p a id fr o m $ 1 . 1 5 to $ 1 . 2 0 an h o u r . N e a r ly a s ix th o f th e f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e w o r k e r s r e c e iv e d l e s s th a n $ 1 . 15 an h o u r , w h ile o n ly a tw e n t ie th w e r e fou n d w ith in th e $ 1 . 15 to $ 1 . 2 0 w a g e in t e r v a l . S l ig h t ly m o r e th an t w o - f i f t h s o f th e f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 5 0 an h o u r c o m p a r e d w ith a lm o s t t h r e e - f i f t h s o f th e w h o le s a le tr a d e w o r k e r s .

M o st o f th e h ig h e r p a id n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d in c o n tr a c t c o n s tr u c t io n and th e t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s g r o u p s , w h e r e e a r n in g s a v e r a g e d $ 2 .6 4 and $ 2 . 11 an h o u r , r e s p e c t i v e ly . S l ig h t ly m o r e th an s e v e n - t e n t h s o f th e c o n s tr u c t io n w o r k e r s e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 2 an h o u r and ab ou t t w o - f i f t h s e a r n e d $ 3 o r m o r e . C o n s tr u c t io n w o r k e r s , a lth o u g h th e y a c c o u n te d fo r s l ig h t ly m o r e th an a f if th o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s , m a d e up m o r e th an t w o - f i f t h s o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s e a r n in g at l e a s t $ 2 an h o u r . S l ig h t ly m o r e th an h a lf th e t r a n s p o r ta t io n w o r k e r s e a r n e d $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r , and th e y a c c o u n te d fo r a fo u r th o f th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s .

W age C h a n g e s . T h e a r e a p a y l e v e l fo r n o n s u p e r v is o r y e m p lo y e e s in c r e a s e d by 13 c e n t s an h o u r b e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 and 1962. C h a n g e s in th e d is tr ib u t io n o f e a r n in g s w e r e fou n d at b o th th e u p p e r and lo w e r e n d s . F o r e x a m p le , th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s p a id l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r w a s r e d u c e d by h a l f , fr o m 12 to 6 p e r c e n t , w h ile th o s e w ho e a r n e d $ 2 o r m o r e in c r e a s e d fr o m 4 9 to 55 p e r c e n t .

In m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , th e p a y l e v e l r o s e b y 2 c e n t s an h o u r . T h e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e had o n ly a l im i t e d e f f e c t on th e w a g e d is t r ib u t io n s in c e o n ly 6 p e r c e n t o f th e f a c t o r y w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th a n $ 1 . 15 in J u n e 1961. C h a n g e s in th e d is t r ib u t io n w e r e m o r e a p p a r e n t a t th e h ig h e r p a y l e v e l s , w h e r e th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g b e tw e e n $ 2 and $ 3 an h o u r in c r e a s e d fr o m a th ir d in 1961 to m o r e th an t w o - f i f t h s in 1962.


15

T h e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g p a y l e v e l in c r e a s e d b y 13 c e n t s an h ou r b e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 and 1 9 6 2 . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s p a id l e s s th a n $ 1 an h o u r d e c lin e d by h a lf , f r o m 18 to 9 p e r c e n t , and t h o s e e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 by n e a r ly t w o - f i f t h s , fr o m 31 to 19 p e r c e n t . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m in c r e a s e d fr o m 3 to 7 p e r c e n t , and th o s e e a r n in g $ 1. 25 o r m o r e an h o u r r o s e fr o m 64 to 72 p e r c e n t .

R e ta i l t r a d e , w h e r e th e p a y l e v e l in c r e a s e d b y 34 c e n t s an h o u r , a c c o u n te d fo r v ir t u a l ly a l l o f th e r e d u c t io n in n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s p a id l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r . 12 T h e p r o p o r t io n o f r e t a i l w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s d e c l in e d fr o m s o m e w h a t m o r e th an a th ir d in 1961 to abou t an e ig h th in th e fo l lo w in g y e a r . T h e c o n c e n tr a t io n o f r e t a i l w o r k e r s at th e $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 w a g e in t e r v a l , h o w e v e r , d im in is h e d s l ig h t ly , f r o m 13 to 11 p e r c e n t , w h e r e a s th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 1. 15 o r m o r e in c r e a s e d fr o m 4 5 to 66 p e r c e n t .

A m o n g th e o th e r s e l e c t e d n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , th e i n c r e a s e o f th e F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e fr o m $ 1 to $ 1 . 1 5 h ad a m a r k e d a f f e c t in w h o le s a le t r a d e , w h e r e a v e r a g e e a r n in g s a d v a n c e d b y 10 c e n t s an h o u r , and in tr a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s , w h e r e e a r n in g s in c r e a s e d b y 6 c e n ts an h o u r . In Ju n e 1961 , n e a r ly t h r e e - t e n t h s o f th e w h o le s a le tr a d e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 15, but in 1962, f e w e r th an a tw e n t ie th e a r n e d l e s s th an th a t a m o u n t. T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s at th e $ 1 . 1 5 —$ 1 . 2 0 w a g e in t e r v a l in c r e a s e d d u r in g th is p e r io d fr o m fe w e r th an a tw e n t ie th to n e a r ly a f if th . M o r e o v e r , th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s in w h o le s a le tr a d e e a r n in g $ 2 o r m o r e an h ou r in c r e a s e d fr o m 15 to 22 p e r c e n t . In th e t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s g r o u p , th e p r o p o r t io n p a id l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 w a s r e d u c e d fr o m 14 to 4 p e r c e n t w h ile th e p r o p o r t io n at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m r o s e fr o m 2 to 7 p e r c e n t . T h e p a y l e v e l in th e f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e in d u s tr y r e m a in e d at $ 1 . 6 2 b e tw e e n s u r v e y s , and th e w a g e d is t r ib u t io n d id n o t c h a n g e s ig n i f ic a n t ly .

In th e c o n tr a c t c o n s t r u c t io n in d u s tr y , th e J u n e 1962 p a y l e v e l w a s 5 c e n ts an h o u r b e lo w th e Ju n e 1961 l e v e l . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f c o n s tr u c t io n w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th a n $ 1 . 5 0 an h o u r n e a r ly d o u b le d b e tw e e n s u r v e y s , f r o m 10 to 17 p e r c e n t , w h ile t h o s e e a r n in g $ 3 o r m o r e d e c l in e d fr o m 4 6 to 4 2 p e r c e n t .

L e x in g to n , K y,A n e s t im a t e d 2 4 , 800 n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e

s u r v e y , a s a g r o u p , a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 8 4 an h o u r at s t r a ig h t - t im e r a t e s in J u n e 1962. E a r n in g s fo r th e m id d le h a lf o f th e w o r k e r s r a n g e d fr o m $ 1. 24 to $ 2 . 30 an h o u r . M e d ia n e a r n in g s w e r e $ 1 . 7 0 an h o u r ( ta b le 6 ).

A p p r o x im a te ly t h r e e - t e n t h s o f th e w o r k f o r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y w a s e m p lo y e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , w h e r e a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f $ 2 . 17 w e r e 33 c e n ts an h o u r h ig h e r th an th e a r e a a l l in d u s t r ie s a v e r a g e . V ir tu a l ly a l l o f th e f a c t o r y e m p lo y e e s w e r e p a id at l e a s t th e $ 1. 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e , and o n ly 5 p e r c e n t w e r e c lu s t e r e d at th e $ 1 . 15—$ 1 . 2 0 w a g e in t e r v a l . F i f t y - s i x p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 2 an h o u r , and 35 p e r c e n t w e r e p a id $ 2 . 50 or m o r e . T h e n o n e le c t r i c a l m a c h in e r y in d u s tr y , w h ic h a c c o u n te d fo r ab ou t tw o - f i f t h s o f th e fa c t o r y w o r k e r s , e m p lo y e d m o s t o f th e h ig h e r p a id w o r k e r s . P r o d u c e r s o f fo o d p r o d u c ts and e l e c t r i c a l m a c h in e r y , e a c h a c c o u n t in g fo r n e a r ly a s ix th o f th e fa c t o r y w o r k e r s , on th e o th e r h an d , h ad p a y l e v e l s o f 20 and 13 c e n ts an h o u r , r e s p e c t i v e ly , b e lo w th e a l l m a n u fa c tu r in g a v e r a g e .

12 T hree-tenths of Lake C harles' re ta il workers in June 1962 were em ployed in establishm ents which becam esubject to the Fair Labor Standards A ct in Septem ber 1961.


16

In n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , th e p a y l e v e l w a s $ 1 . 6 9 in J u n e 1962 , 4 8 c e n t s an h o u r b e lo w th e m a n u fa c tu r in g a v e r a g e . E a r n in g s fo r h a lf o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s w e r e l e s s th an $ 1 . 5 0 an h o u r . A th ir d o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 2 5 and m o r e th an a te n th l e s s th a n $ 1 an h o u r . F iv e p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e p a id th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e and tw ic e th a t p r o p o r t io n r e c e iv e d th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m .

M o re th an a th ir d o f th e w o r k e r s in th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s s tu d ie d w e r e e m p lo y e d in r e t a i l s t o r e s , w h e r e h o u r ly e a r n in g s a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 5 1 . M o r e th an a f if th o f t h e s e w o r k e r s w e r e at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m and th e y a c c o u n te d fo r abou t t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s . A lm o s t h a lf o f th e r e t a i l w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 2 5 and fe w e r th an a te n th l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r .

A v e r a g e e a r n in g s w e r e s u b s t a n t ia l ly h ig h e r in th e o th e r n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s tr y g r o u p s fo r w h ic h d a ta a r e sh o w n s e p a r a t e ly — $ 2 . 13 an h o u r in th e c o n tr a c t c o n s tr u c t io n in d u s tr y and $ 1 . 9 6 in th e t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s in d u s tr y g r o u p . A p p r o x im a te ly a f if th o f th e w o r k e r s in th e la t t e r g ro u p e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 2 . 50 an h o u r , a lth o u g h ab ou t a s ix th e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 2 5 , o f w h o m m o r e th an h a lf w e r e at th e $ 1 . 15—$ 1 . 2 0 in t e r v a l . F e w e r th an a te n th o f th e w o r k e r s in c o n t r a c t c o n s tr u c t io n h a d e a r n in g s b e lo w $ 1 . 2 5 an h o u r , s l i g h t ly m o r e th an a th ir d e a r n e d $ 2 . 50 o r m o r e , and n e a r ly a f ifth e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 3 an h o u r .

W age C h a n g e s . T h e a r e a p a y l e v e l r o s e b y 7 c e n ts an h o u r b e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 and 1 9 6 2 . C h a n g e s in th e w a g e d is t r ib u t io n at th e lo w e r p a y l e v e l s a p p r o x im a te d th o s e at th e h ig h e r l e v e l s . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 d e c r e a s e d fr o m 12 to 8 p e r c e n t , w h ile th e p r o p o r t io n e a r n in g $ 2 o r m o r e in c r e a s e d fr o m 33 to 37 p e r c e n t .

A v e r a g e e a r n in g s in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s a d v a n c e d b y 2 c e n t s an h o u r b e tw e e n s u r v e y y e a r s . R e la t iv e ly fe w w o r k e r s w e r e a f f e c t e d b y th e in c r e a s e in th e F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e fr o m $ 1 to $ 1 . 15 , s in c e a l l but 5 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d a t l e a s t $ 1 . 15 an h o u r in J u n e 1961. T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 15 m in im u m in c r e a s e d fr o m 2 to 5 p e r c e n t . A b ou t th e s a m e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s , 55 p e r c e n t , e a r n e d $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r in b oth J u n e o f 1961 and 1 9 6 2 .

In n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , e a r n in g s a v e r a g e d 6 c e n t s an h o u r h ig h e r in J u n e 1962 th an in J u n e 1961. A lth o u g h th e p r o p o r t io n o f n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 an h o u r d e c lin e d fr o m ab ou t t h r e e - t e n t h s to a fo u r th , th e p r o p o r t io n at th e $ 1 . 15 l e v e l in c r e a s e d b y o n ly 1 p e r c e n t a g e p o in t . T h e in f lu e n c e o f th e h ig h e r F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e w a s m o r e a p p a r e n t w h e n th e e a r n in g s fo r w o r k e r s in tr a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s g ro u p w e r e e x a m in e d . In J u n e 1961 , 15 p e r c e n t o f t h e s e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an$ 1 . 15 an h o u r . In J u n e 1962 , a l l but 3 p e r c e n t h ad at l e a s t t h o s e e a r n in g s and th e p r o p o r t io n at th e $ 1 . 1 5 —$ 1 . 2 0 in t e r v a l h ad r i s e n fr o m 3 to 11 p e r c e n t .

T h e p r o p o r t io n o f n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th a n $ 1 an h o u r w a s r e d u c e d fr o m 16 p e r c e n t in 1961 to 11 p e r c e n t in 1 9 6 2 . V ir t u a l ly a l l o f th is d e c r e a s e o c c u r r e d in r e t a i l t r a d e , w h e r e a v e r a g e e a r n in g s in c r e a s e d by 5 c e n ts an h o u r . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f r e t a i l w o r k e r s r e c e iv in g l e s s th a n $ 1 an h o u r d e c lin e d fr o m a fo u r th to fe w e r th an a te n th d u r in g th e y e a r w h ile th e c o n c e n tr a t io n at th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e d o u b le d , f r o m a te n th to ab ou t a f if th . 13

^ A third of Lexington's retail workers in June 1962 were employed in establishments which became subjectto the Fair Labor Standards Act in September 1961.


17

In th e c o n t r a c t c o n s tr u c t io n in d u s tr y , th e p a y l e v e l in c r e a s e d b y 11 c e n ts an h o u r . T h e m o s t s ig n if ic a n t c h a n g e in th e w a g e d is t r ib u t io n w a s an i n c r e a s e fr o m a te n th to n e a r ly a f if th in th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g at l e a s t $ 3 an h o u r .

M o n r o e , Lao

A n e s t im a t e d 15, 800 n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e Ju n e 1962 s u r v e y , a s a g r o u p , h ad a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e e a r n in g s o f $ 1 . 7 4 an h o u r . M ed ia n e a r n in g s w e r e 15 c e n t s lo w e r th an th e a v e r a g e . E a r n in g s fo r th e m id d le 50 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s r a n g e d fr o m $ 1 . 18 to $ 2 . 16 an h o u r . A b ou t a te n th o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e at th e $ 1—$ 1 . 1 5 w a g e in t e r v a l ( ta b le 7 ).

T h e a v e r a g e p a y l e v e l in m a n u fa c tu r in g , w h ic h e m p lo y e d s l ig h t ly m o r e th an a th ir d o f th e a r e a ' s w o r k f o r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y , w a s $ 1 . 9 9 an h o u r . A lm o s t a l l o f th e f a c to r y w o r k e r s e a r n e d at l e a s t th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e w h ile n e a r ly a te n th w e r e c o n c e n tr a t e d at o r ju s t a b o v e th e m in im u m . N e a r ly h a l f th e w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d at l e a s t $ 2 o r m o r e and ab ou t a f if th w e r e p a id at l e a s t $ 2. 50 an h o u r . T h e l e v e l and d is t r ib u t io n o f e a r n in g s in m a n u fa c tu r in g w e r e m a r k e d ly in f lu e n c e d b y th e p u lp , p a p e r , and a l l i e d p r o d u c ts in d u s tr y , w h ic h e m p lo y e d a p p r o x im a te ly h a lf o f M o n r o e 's fa c t o r y w o r k f o r c e . A v e r a g e e a r n in g s fo r w o r k e r s in s u c h p la n ts w e r e $ 2 . 19 an h o u r . A ls o c o n t r ib u tin g to th e r e la t iv e ly h ig h e a r n in g s w a s th e c h e m ic a l in d u s tr y , w h ic h e m p lo y e d a lm o s t a s ix th o f th e fa c t o r y w o r k e r s . C h e m ic a l w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 34 an h o u r . M o st o f th e lo w e r p a id w o r k e r s w e r e e n g a g e d in p r o c e s s in g fo o d p r o d u c t s , a c c o u n tin g fo r an e ig h th o f M o n r o e 's f a c t o r y w o r k f o r c e . T h e p a y l e v e l fo r th is g ro u p w a s $ 1. 29 an h o u r .

In n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 6 0 an h o u r , 39 c e n ts l e s s th an m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s . T h e ir lo w e r l e v e l o f p a y i s r e f l e c t e d in th e w a g e d is t r ib u t io n . A lm o s t a s ix th o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r , m o r e th an t w o - f i f t h s l e s s th an $ 1 . 2 5 , and n e a r ly t h r e e - f i f t h s l e s s th an $ 1. 50 . A p p r o x im a te ly an e ig h th o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s w e r e c o n c e n tr a t e d at th e $ 1 . 15—$ 1 . 2 0 p a y in t e r v a l and fe w e r th an a te n th o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e at th e $ 1—$ 1 .0 5 in t e r v a l .

R e ta i l w o r k e r s , w h o c o m p r is e d a lm o s t a th ir d o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k f o r c e , a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 4 0 an h o u r . S l ig h t ly m o r e th an a f if th o f th e r e t a i l w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r , and th e y a c c o u n te d fo r 4 6 p e r c e n t o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s . A s ix th o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e at th e $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 w a g e in t e r v a l and th e y a c c o u n te d fo r 79 p e r c e n t o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s at th a t in t e r v a l .

A v e r a g e e a r n in g s in w h o le s a le tr a d e w e r e n e a r ly th e s a m e a s in r e t a i l t r a d e , $ 1 . 3 9 an h o u r . V ir tu a l ly a l l o f th e w h o le s a le tr a d e w o r k e r s , h o w e v e r , e a r n e d at l e a s t th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m , but n e a r ly h a lf w e r e at th e $ 1 .1 5 —$ 1 .2 0 w a g e in t e r v a l . T h e y a c c o u n te d fo r 4 5 p e r c e n t o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s .

M o st o f th e h ig h e r p a id n o n fa c to r y e m p lo y e e s w e r e in c o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t io n , th e tr a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s g r o u p , and th e f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e g r o u p , w h e r e p a y l e v e l s w e r e $ 2 . 0 5 , $ 2 . 0 6 , and $ 1. 84 an h o u r , r e s p e c t i v e ly . In th e tw o h ig h e r p a id g r o u p s , m o r e th an t w o - f i f t h s o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r , a lth o u g h ab ou t a s e v e n th o f th e w o r k e r s in e a c h o f t h e s e g r o u p s r e c e iv e d th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e . In f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e , a fo u r th o f th e e m p lo y e e s e a r n e d $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r and fe w e r th an a te n th w e r e at th e $ 1. 15—$ 1. 20 p a y in t e r v a l .


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W age C h a n g e s . B e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 and 1 9 6 2 , th e a r e a p a y l e v e l fo r a l l n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s in c r e a s e d b y 11 c e n t s an h o u r . C h a n g e s in th e e a r n in g s d is t r ib u t io n w e r e s h a r p e r at th e lo w e r th an th e u p p e r en d o f th e p a y s c a l e . In J u n e 1 9 6 1 , m o r e th an a s ix th o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e p a id l e s s th a n $ 1 and ab ou t a th ir d e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 an h o u r . In J u n e 1 9 6 2 , t h e s e p r o p o r t io n s h ad d e c l in e d to a te n th and ab ou t a f if th , r e s p e c t i v e ly . B e tw e e n s u r v e y y e a r s , th e p r o p o r t io n w ith e a r n in g s b e tw e e n $ 1 . 15 and $ 1 . 2 0 an h o u r i n c r e a s e d fr o m 3 to 11 p e r c e n t . On th e o th e r h a n d , th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s w ho e a r n e d $ 1. 50 o r m o r e an h o u r in c r e a s e d fr o m 51 to 55 p e r c e n t .

In m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , a v e r a g e h o u r ly e a r n in g s in c r e a s e d b y 5 c e n ts an h o u r . T h e m o s t s ig n if ic a n t c h a n g e in th e w a g e d is t r ib u t io n c e n t e r e d a ro u n d th e $ 1 . 15 p a y l e v e l . In J u n e 1 9 6 1 , 13 p e r c e n t o f th e f a c to r y w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 1 5 . In J u n e 1 9 6 2 , o n ly 4 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s h ad s u c h e a r n in g s and th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m had in c r e a s e d fr o m 2 to 8 p e r c e n t . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 1. 25 o r m o r e an h o u r in c r e a s e d fr o m 83 to 86 p e r c e n t d u r in g th e y e a r .

E a r n in g s a d v a n c e d b y 11 c e n t s an h o u r in n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s . S u b s ta n t ia l r e d u c t io n s o c c u r r e d in th e p r o p o r t io n o f n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s p a id l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 an h o u r . In J u n e 1 9 6 1 , t w o - f i f t h s o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 an h o u r . B y Ju n e 1 9 6 2 , th is p r o p o r t io n w a s r e d u c e d b y ab ou t a th ir d w h ile th e p r o p o r t io n at or j u s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m had in c r e a s e d fr o m 3 to 13 p e r c e n t . A lth o u g h m a n y o f th e w o r k e r s at th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m in J u n e 1961 m o v e d to th e h ig h e r m in im u m in J u n e 1 9 6 2 , 'the p r o p o r t io n at th e lo w e r m in im u m d id n o t c h a n g e s ig n i f ic a n t ly ( fr o m 10 to 7 p e r c e n t ) . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 d u r in g th is p e r io d d e c l in e d fr o m a fo u r th to fe w e r th a n a s ix th .

A c o n t in u a tio n o f th e c o n c e n tr a t io n o f w o r k e r s at th e $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 w a g e in t e r v a l i s l a r g e ly a t tr ib u ta b le to th e e x te n t io n o f th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e to e m p lo y e e s in la r g e r e t a i l e n t e r p r i s e s . 14 A v e r a g e e a r n in g s fo r r e t a i l tr a d e in c r e a s e d by 20 c e n t s an h o u r b e tw e e n Ju n e o f 1961 and 1 9 6 2 . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f r e t a i l w o r k e r s a t o r ju s t a b o v e $ 1 an h o u r i n c r e a s e d fr o m a te n th to a s ix th , and th e p r o p o r t io n p a id l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r w a s r e d u c e d b y ab ou t h a l f , fr o m 4 3 to 22 p e r c e n t . R e t a i l w o r k e r s a c c o u n te d fo r v ir t u a l ly a l l o f th e r e d u c t io n in n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 b e tw e e n 1961 and 1 9 62 .

In w h o le s a le t r a d e , w h e r e th e p a y l e v e l in c r e a s e d by 6 c e n t s an h o u r , th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e m a r k e d ly a f f e c t e d th e lo w e r en d o f th e p a y s c a l e . In Ju n e 1 9 6 1 , m o r e th an t w o - f i f t h s o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 an h o u r and o v e r a fo u r th w e r e c o n c e n tr a t e d a t th e $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 w a g e in t e r v a l . In J u n e 1 9 6 2 , v ir t u a l ly a l l th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 1 . 15 an h o u r and th e p r o p o r t io n at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 15 m in im u m h ad in c r e a s e d fr o m 8 to 4 6 p e r c e n t .

T h e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e h a d a l e s s e r in f lu e n c e on th e e a r n in g s o f w o r k e r s in th e c o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t io n and t r a n s p o r ta t io n and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s in d u s tr y g r o u p s . In J u n e 1 9 6 1 , a lm o s t a f if th o f th e w o r k e r s in th e la t t e r g ro u p and ab ou t a te n th in th e fo r m e r g ro u p e a r n e d l e s s th a n $ 1 . 15 , and fe w e r th a n a tw e n t ie th in e i th e r g r o u p w e r e at th e $ 1 . 1 5 —$ 1 . 2 0 p a y in t e r v a l . B y J u n e 1 9 62 ,

14 T hirty -six percen t of M onroe's re ta il trade workers in June 1962 were em ployed in establishm ents whichbecam e subject to the Fair Labor Standards A ct in Septem ber 1961.


19

ab ou t a s e v e n t h o f th e w o r k e r s in e a c h g ro u p w e r e at o r ju s t a b o v e $ 1 . 15 an h o u r , and th e p r o p o r t io n s p a id l e s s th an th a t a m o u n t w e r e s h a r p ly r e d u c e d . In th e f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e g r o u p , f e w e r th an a te n th o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 an h o u r in J u n e 1 9 6 1 . A lth o u g h r e la t iv e ly fe w w o r k e r s h a d s u c h e a r n in g s in Ju n e 1 9 6 2 , th e p r o p o r t io n at th e $ 1 . 15—$ 1 . 2 0 w a g e l e v e l had in c r e a s e d o n ly s l ig h t ly , f r o m 4 to 6 p e r c e n t . T h e p r o p o r t io n w ith e a r n in g s b e tw e e n $ 1 . 2 5 and $ 1 . 5 0 , h o w e v e r , in c r e a s e d fr o m s l ig h t ly m o r e th an a s ix th to n e a r ly a th ir d .

T u s c a lo o s a , A la .

A n e s t im a t e d 1 4 ,8 0 0 n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s w ith in s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y , a s a g r o u p , h ad a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e h o u r ly e a r n in g s o f $ 1 .8 1 in J u n e 1 9 62 . M e d ia n e a r n in g s w e r e 18 c e n t s b e lo w th e a v e r a g e and e a r n in g s fo r th e m id d le 50 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s r a n g e d fr o m $ 1 . 17 to $ 2 . 4 0 an h o u r . A n e ig h th o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th a n $ 1 an h o u r and a te n th r e c e iv e d b e tw e e n $ 1 . 1 5 and $ 1 .2 0 ( ta b le 8 ).

F a c t o r y w o r k e r s , w h o a c c o u n te d fo r ab ou t h a l f o f th e a r e a w o r k fo r c e in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y , a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 15 , 34 c e n t s an h o u r a b o v e th e a r e a a l lin d u s t r ie s a v e r a g e . A lm o s t t h r e e - f i f t h s o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 2 an h o u r , a th ir d $ 2 . 50 o r m o r e , and a te n th $ 3 o r m o r e . T h e s e e a r n in g s w e r e a ttr ib u ta b le to th e la r g e n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s in r e la t i v e ly h ig h w a g e in d u s t r i e s — p r im a r y m e t a l s , p a p e r p r o d u c t s , r u b b e r , and m is c e l l a n e o u s p l a s t i c s . T o g e th e r , th e y a c c o u n te d fo r a p p r o x im a te ly t h r e e - f i f t h s o f th e m a n u fa c tu r in g e m p lo y m e n t; th e c o m b in e d h o u r ly p a y l e v e l w a s $ 2 . 4 8 . A t th e o th e r en d o f th e p a y s c a le w a s ab ou t a s ix th o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 . 2 5 an h o u r and an e ig h th at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e . M o st o f t h e s e w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d in th e fo o d and lu m b e r p r o d u c ts in d u s t r i e s , e a c h e m p lo y in g ab o u t a te n th o f th e m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s .

In n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f $ 1 . 4 8 w e r e 67 c e n ts a n h o u r l e s s th an th e m a n u fa c tu r in g p a y l e v e l . T h e a p p lic a t io n o f b o th th e $ 1 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e fo r e m p lo y e e s b r o u g h t u n d e r th e p r o v is io n s o f th e F a ir L a b o r S ta n d a r d s A c t a s a m e n d e d in S e p te m b e r 1961 and $ 1 . 1 5 fo r e m p lo y e e s p r e v io u s ly c o v e r e d w a s a p p a r e n t in th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w a g e d is t r ib u t io n . H a lf o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 2 5 an h o u r , ab ou t a te n th e a c h w e r e a t th e $ 1 . 1 5 —$ 1 . 2 0 and $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 w a g e in t e r v a l s . N e a r ly a fo u r th o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r .

W o r k e r s in r e t a i l t r a d e , w ho c o n s t i tu te d ab ou t tw o - f i f t h s o f th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k f o r c e , a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 2 1 an h o u r . A b ou t a th ir d o f th e r e t a i l w o r k e r s w e r e p a id l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r and th e y c o n s t i tu te d a lm o s t t h r e e - f i f t h s o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s . M o re th an a f if th o f th e r e t a i l w o r k e r s w e r e at th e $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 w a g e in t e r v a l and th e y a c c o u n te d fo r n e a r ly n in e - t e n t h s o f th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s at th a t in t e r v a l .

In w h o le s a le t r a d e , w h ic h e m p lo y e d f e w e r th a n a te n th o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k f o r c e , th e p a y l e v e l w a s $ 1 . 3 9 an h o u r in J u n e 1 9 62 . N e a r ly tw o - f i f t h s o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d b e tw e e n $ 1 . 15 and $ 1 . 2 0 an h o u r and th a t g ro u p a c c o u n te d fo r m o r e th an a fo u r th o f th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s w ith su c h e a r n in g s . A b ou t s e v e n - t e n t h s o f th e w o r k e r s in w h o le s a le o u t le t s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 5 0 .


20

A v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f $ 2 . 03 an h o u r w e r e th e s a m e fo r w o r k e r s in c o n tr a c t c o n s tr u c t io n and in th e tr a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s g r o u p s . T h e r e w e r e m a r k e d d i f f e r e n c e s , h o w e v e r , in th e p r o p o r t io n s o f w o r k e r s at v a r io u s l e v e l s o f p a y . F o r e x a m p le , n e a r ly a f if th o f th e w o r k e r s in th e t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s g r o u p w e r e p a id th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e , c o m p a r e d w ith a tw e n t ie th in c o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t io n . N e a r ly a fo u r th o f th e w o r k e r s in th e la t t e r g r o u p , on th e o th e r h a n d , e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 3 an h o u r w h ile o n ly a tw e n t ie th o f th o s e in th e f o r m e r g r o u p h a d s u c h e a r n in g s . D e s p it e t h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s , a p p r o x im a te ly h a lf th e w o r k e r s in b o th g r o u p s h ad e a r n in g s o f l e s s th a n $ 1. 60 an h o u r .

W age C h a n g e s . T h e p a y l e v e l fo r th e a r e a ' s n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s a d v a n c e d b y 9 c e n t s an h o u r b e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 and 1 9 6 2 . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r d e c r e a s e d fr o m a s ix th to an e ig h th d u r in g th is p e r io d and t h o s e e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 . 1 5 fr o m m o r e th an t h r e e - t e n t h s to a f if th . T h is r e d u c t io n w a s p a r t ia l ly o f f s e t b y an i n c r e a s e fr o m 3 to 10 p e r c e n t o f th o s e w ith e a r n in g s at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e . A n in c r e a s e fr o m 5 to 9 p e r c e n t a ls o o c c u r r e d fo r th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 3 an h o u r o r m o r e .

T h e m a n u fa c tu r in g p a y l e v e l r o s e b y 5 c e n t s an h o u r b e tw e e n s u r v e y p e r io d s . P a r t o f th e ch a n g e in th e w a g e d is t r ib u t io n i s a t tr ib u ta b le to th e in c r e a s e o f th e F e d e r a l m in im u m fr o m $ 1 to $ 1 . 15 , e f f e c t iv e in S e p te m b e r 1961. In J u n e 1961 , a te n th o f th e w o r k e r s r e c e iv e d th e $ 1 m in im u m . In Ju n e 1 9 62 , a p p r o x im a te ly th e s a m e p r o p o r t io n w e r e p a id th e $ 1 . 15 m in im u m , w h e r e a s o n ly 2 p e r c e n t h ad s u c h e a r n in g s th e p r e v io u s y e a r . B e tw e e n s u r v e y s , th e p r o p o r t io n o f fa c t o r y w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 3 an h o u r o r m o r e in c r e a s e d fr o m 7 to 11 p e r c e n t .

In n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , e a r n in g s a v e r a g e d 12 c e n t s an h o u r h ig h e r in J u n e 1962 th an in J u n e 1961 . In th e e a r l i e r p e r io d , t h r e e - t e n t h s o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 and n e a r ly h a l f l e s s th a n $ 1 . 1 5 an h o u r . T h e s e p r o p o r t io n s w e r e r e d u c e d to fe w e r th an a fo u r th and f e w e r th a n t w o - f i f t h s , r e s p e c t iv e ly , b y J u n e 1 9 6 2 . N o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s e a r n in g b e tw e e n $ 1 . 1 5 and $ 1 . 2 0 an h o u r h ad in c r e a s e d fr o m 4 to 9 p e r c e n t . A lth o u g h m a n y o f th e w o r k e r s at th e $ 1 to $ 1 . 0 5 w a g e in t e r v a l in J u n e 1961 m o v e d up to th e h ig h e r m in im u m b y J u n e 1 9 6 2 , th e p r o p o r t io n at th e $ 1 to $ 1 . 0 5 w a g e in t e r v a l d id n o t c h a n g e s ig n i f ic a n t ly d u r in g th is p e r io d , f r o m 12 to 10 p e r c e n t .

M o st o f th e c h a n g e at th e $ 1 l e v e l fo r n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s w a s la r g e ly a c c o u n te d fo r b y th e w a g e m o v e m e n t in r e t a i l t r a d e , w h e r e a v e r a g e e a r n in g s in c r e a s e d b y 14 c e n t s an h o u r . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f r e t a i l w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r d e c l in e d fr o m h a lf in Ju n e 1961 to fe w e r th an a th ir d in Ju n e 1962 and a c c o u n te d fo r f i v e - s ix t h s o f th e r e d u c t io n in n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n i n g s . 15 T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g th e $ 1 m in im u m d o u b led d u r in g th is p e r io d , f r o m a p p r o x im a te ly a te n th to a f if th .

W age c h a n g e s in w h o le s a le t r a d e , w h e r e a v e r a g e e a r n in g s in c r e a s e d by 6 c e n t s an h o u r , d e m o n s tr a te d th e e f f e c t s o f th e i n c r e a s e o f th e F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e to $ 1 . 15. T h i r t y - s ix p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e p a id l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 an h o u r and n e a r ly a fo u r th w e r e a t th e $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 p a y in t e r v a l in J u n e 1961 . T h e p r o p o r t io n p a id th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e h a d m o r e th an d o u b le d by Ju n e 1 9 6 2 , f r o m 16 to 38 p e r c e n t . M a r k e d c h a n g e s in th e d is t r ib u t io n o f w o r k e r s

15 A fourth of Tuscaloosa's retail trade workers in June 1962 were employed in establishments which becamesubject to the Fair Labor Standards Act in September 1961.


21

at th e $ 1 . 1 5 p a y l e v e l a ls o o c c u r r e d in th e t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s g r o u p , w h e r e th e a v e r a g e p a y l e v e l i n c r e a s e d b y 27 c e n t s . In J u n e 1961 , 15 p e r c e n t o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th a n $ 1 . 15 and 11 p e r c e n t w e r e p a id $ 1 an h o u r . In J u n e 1 9 6 2 , v ir t u a l ly a l l o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 1 . 15 an h o u r and th e p r o p o r t io n at or j u s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m h ad in c r e a s e d fr o m 2 to 19 p e r c e n t .

In th e c o n tr a c t c o n s tr u c t io n in d u s tr y , th e h o u r ly p a y l e v e l w a s u n c h a n g e d , $ 2. 03 in b o th s u r v e y y e a r s . N e v e r t h e l e s s , th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 3 o r m o r e an h o u r in c r e a s e d fr o m 17 to 24 p e r c e n t , w h ic h c o n tr ib u te d s i g n i f i c a n t ly to th e a r e a - w id e i n c r e a s e in th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s .

W ic h ita F a l l s , T e x .

In J u n e 1 9 62 , an e s t im a t e d 1 4 , 9 0 0 n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s w ith in th e s c o p e o f th e s u r v e y , a s a g r o u p , a v e r a g e d $ 1. 70 an h o u r . E a r n in g s fo r th e m id d le h a lf o f th e w o r k e r s r a n g e d fr o m $ 1 . 2 1 to $ 2 . 0 7 an h o u r , and m e d ia n e a r n in g s w e r e $ 1 . 5 2 an h o u r . A te n th o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n in g b e tw e e n $ 1 . 2 5 and $ 1 . 3 0 an h o u r w a s th e la r g e s t c o n c e n tr a t io n at a n y on e 5 - c e n t w a g e in t e r v a l ( ta b le 9 ).

F e w e r th an a f if th o f th e w o r k e r s in c lu d e d in th e s u r v e y w e r e e m p lo y e d in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , w h e r e a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f $ 1 . 7 6 w e r e 6 c e n t s an h o u r h ig h e r th a n th e a r e a a l l in d u s t r ie s a v e r a g e . S e v e n - te n th s o f th e f a c to r y w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 2 an h o u r and m o r e th an t w o - f i f t h s l e s s th an $ 1. 50 . A n e ig h th o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e p a id th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e . T h e m a jo r m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s in th e a r e a w e r e fo o d and k in d r e d p r o d u c t s , a p p a r e l , and m a c h in e r y ( e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) , w h ic h a c c o u n te d fo r a p p r o x im a te ly t h r e e - t e n t h s , abou t a s ix th , and a f if th , r e s p e c t i v e ly , o f th e f a c to r y w o r k f o r c e . T h e h ig h e s t p a y l e v e l w a s $ 1 . 8 9 an h o u r in m a c h in e r y , fo l lo w e d b y $ 1. 68 in fo o d , and $ 1. 34 in a p p a r e l . N e a r ly h a lf o f th e f a c t o r y w o r k e r s at th e $ 1 . 15—$ 1 . 2 0 w a g e in t e r v a l w e r e e m p lo y e d in a p p a r e l p la n t s .

In n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , a v e r a g e s t r a ig h t - t im e e a r n in g s w e r e $ 1 . 6 8 an h o u r . A b ou t a te n th o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r , m o r e th a n a f if th l e s s th an $ 1. 15 , and h a l f l e s s th an $ 1. 50 . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s at e i t h e r th e $ 1—$ 1 . 0 5 o r $ 1. 15—$ 1. 20 w a g e in t e r v a ls d id n o t e x c e e d 6 p e r c e n t . T h e l a r g e s t s in g le c o n c e n tr a t io n at a n y 5 - c e n t in t e r v a l w a s a te n th o f th e w o r k e r s w ho e a r n e d fr o m $ 1. 25 to $ 1. 30 an h o u r .

M o r e th a n a th ird o f th e n o n fa c to ry w o r k e r s w e r e e m p lo y e d in r e ta il t r a d e , w h e r e a v e r a g e e a r n in g s w e r e $ 1 . 5 2 an h o u r . F o u r t e e n p e r c e n t o f th e r e t a i l w o r k e r s w e r e p a id l e s s th a n $ 1 an h o u r and th e y r e p r e s e n t e d n e a r ly h a lf o f th e n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n in g s . A p p r o x im a te ly a te n th o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e at th e $ 1 —$ 1 . 0 5 w a g e in t e r v a l , m o r e th a n tw o - f i f t h s e a r n e d l e s s th a n $ 1. 2 5 , and m o r e th an t h r e e - f i f t h s l e s s th an $ 1. 50 .

In w h o le s a le t r a d e , w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 6 0 an h o u r . S l ig h t ly m o r e th an a s ix th o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e c o n c e n tr a t e d at th e $ 1 . 15 to $ 1 . 2 0 w a g e in t e r v a l . A lth o u g h w h o le s a le tr a d e c o m p r is e d a te n th o f th e n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s , it a c c o u n te d fo r a th ir d o f su c h w o r k e r s at o r ju s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m . A b ou t a fo u r th o f th e w o r k e r s h ad e a r n in g s o f l e s s th an $ 1. 25 and m o r e th a n h a lf r e c e iv e d l e s s th a n $ 1. 50 an h o u r .

In th e f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e in d u s tr y g r o u p , th e p a y l e v e l e x c e e d e d th a t in w h o le s a le tr a d e b y 5 c e n t s an h o u r . A b ou t a te n th o f th e w o r k e r s in th e fo r m e r g r o u p e a r n e d l e s s th an $ 1 . 2 5 , and n e a r ly a s ix th w e r e at th e $ 1 . 2 5 —$ 1 . 3 0 w a g e in t e r v a l , and m o r e th an h a lf e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 1 . 5 0 an h o u r .

P a y l e v e l s w e r e s u b s t a n t ia l ly h ig h e r in c o n t r a c t c o n s tr u c t io n and th e tr a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s g r o u p s , at $ 2 . 14 and $ 1 . 9 7


22

an h o u r , r e s p e c t i v e ly , th an in e i t h e r th e f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e in d u s tr y g r o u p o r th e w h o le s a le tr a d e g r o u p . H a lf o f th e c o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t io n w o r k e r s e a r n e d $ 2 o r m o r e a n h o u r and a fo u r th r e c e iv e d at l e a s t $ 3 . In t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s , t w o - f i f t h s o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n e d $ 2 o r m o r e an h o u r and m o r e th a n a fo u r th $ 2 . 5 0 o r m o r e . R e la t iv e ly fe w w o r k e r s in e i t h e r in d u s tr y g r o u p w e r e a t o r b e lo w th e $ 1 . 1 5 F e d e r a l m in im u m , a lth o u g h a f ifth o f th e c o n s t r u c t io n w o r k e r s e a r n e d b e tw e e n $ 1 . 2 5 and $ 1 . 3 0 an h o u r .

W ag e C h a n g e s . T h e p a y l e v e l fo r n o n s u p e r v is o r y w o r k e r s i n c r e a s e d by 11 c e n t s an h o u r b e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 and 1 9 6 2 . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th a n $ 1 . 1 5 an h o u r d e c l in e d f r o m n e a r ly t h r e e - t e n t h s to a p p r o x im a te ly a s ix t h . T h e p r o p o r t io n e a r n in g fr o m $ 1 . 1 5 t o $ 1 . 2 0 i n c r e a s e d s l i g h t ly , f r o m4 to 7 p e r c e n t , and w a s a c c o m p a n ie d b y s m a l l in c r e m e n t s in th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s at m o s t o f th e h ig h e r p a y i n t e r v a l s , r e s u l t in g in an o v e r a l l i n c r e a s e o f fr o m fe w e r th a n t w o - t h ir d s to n e a r ly t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f th e w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 1 . 2 5 o r m o r e an h o u r .

A lth o u g h th e p a y l e v e l in m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r ie s a v e r a g e d 1 c e n t an h o u r l e s s in J u n e o f 1962 th a n in 19 61 , th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s th an $ 1 . 15 an h o u r d e c l in e d fr o m 16 to 1 p e r c e n t . T h e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s at or j u s t a b o v e th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e m o r e th a n d o u b le d , f r o m5 to 12 p e r c e n t . A lth o u g h th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 1 . 5 0 o r m o r e an h o u r r e m a in e d at a p p r o x im a te ly t h r e e - f i f t h s , t h o s e e a r n in g $ 2 o r m o r e , d e c l in e d fr o m 36 to 31 p e r c e n t .

In n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s t r i e s , a v e r a g e e a r n in g s r o s e b y 13 c e n t s an h o u r b e tw e e n s u r v e y y e a r s . In J u n e 19 61 , a lm o s t a f if th o f th e w o r k e r s w e r e p a id l e s s th an $ 1 an h o u r and m o r e th a n t h r e e - t e n t h s l e s s th an $ 1 . 1 5 . In J u n e 1 9 6 2 , t h e s e p r o p o r t io n s w e r e r e d u c e d b y ab ou t t w o - f i f t h s and a th ir d , r e s p e c t i v e ly . T h e F e d e r a l m in im u m w a g e r a t e s d id n o t g e n e r a te a c lu s t e r in g o f n o n fa c to r y w o r k e r s at e i t h e r th e $ 1 o r $ 1 . 15 p a y l e v e l s . W ag e d is t r ib u t io n c h a n g e s te n d e d to s p r e a d o v e r th e e n t ir e p a y s c a l e .

A m o n g th e s e l e c t e d n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g in d u s tr y g r o u p s , o n ly in w h o le s a le tr a d e w a s th e r e a s ig n if ic a n t i n c r e a s e in th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s at o r ju s t a b o v e th e F e d e r a l m in im u m o f $ 1 . 15, f r o m 12 to 18 p e r c e n t . T h e p r o p o r t io n b e lo w th a t a m o u n t d e c r e a s e d fr o m 15 to 5 p e r c e n t . In f in a n c e , in s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e , th e p r o p o r t io n w ith s u c h e a r n in g s d e c l in e d fr o m 17 to 7 p e r c e n t , but th is d e c l in e w a s n o t a c c o m p a n ie d by a n y i n c r e a s e in th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s at th e $ 1. 15—$ 1 . 2 0 w a g e in t e r v a l .

In r e t a i l t r a d e , th e p o r p o r t io n e a r n in g l e s s th a n $ 1 an h o u r w a s r e d u c e d b y ab ou t h a lf b e tw e e n Ju n e o f 1961 and 1 9 6 2 , f r o m 29 to 14 p e r c e n t , a c c o u n tin g fo r n in e - t e n t h s o f th e to ta l d e c l in e in n o n m a n u fa c tu r in g w o r k e r s w ith s u c h e a r n i n g s .16 T h e p r o p o r t io n at th e $ 1—$ 1. 05 w a g e in t e r v a l , c o n t r a r y to th e n o r m a l p a tte r n o f w a g e m o v e m e n t , w a s g r e a t e r in 1961 th an in 1962 , 15 and 11 p e r c e n t , r e s p e c t i v e ly . W h ile l i t t l e c h a n g e o c c u r r e d in th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s w ith e a r n in g s b e tw e e n $ 1 and $ 1. 5 0 , th e p r o p o r t io n e a r n in g $ 1. 50 o r m o r e in c r e a s e d fr o m f e w e r th an a fo u r th to a lm o s t t w o - f i f t h s .

T h e p a y l e v e l w a s u n c h a n g e d in c o n t r a c t c o n s t r u c t io n b e tw e e n J u n e o f 1961 and 1962 and d e c l in e d b y 5 c e n t s an h o u r in th e t r a n s p o r ta t io n , c o m m u n ic a t io n , and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s g r o u p . In th e la t t e r g r o u p , a lth o u g h th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s w ho e a r n e d l e s s th an th e $ 1 . 15 F e d e r a l m in im u m w a s r e d u c e d fr o m 4 to 1 p e r c e n t , th e p r o p o r t io n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 2 o r m o r e d e c r e a s e d fr o m 4 4 to 41 p e r c e n t . 1

1 ̂ T h ir ty -six p ercen t of W ichita F all's re ta il workers in June becam e subject to the Fair Labor Standards A ct in Septem ber 1961.

1962 were em ployed in establishm ents which


Table 1. Amarillo, Tex.( P e r c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s by a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , 1

s e l e c t e d i n d u s t r y g r o u p s , 2 J u n e 1961 a n d J u n e 1962)

A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g sAll

i n d u s t r i e sM a n u f a c t u r ing

i n d u s t r i e sN o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s

T o t a l 1 * 3 C o n t r a c tc o n s t r u c t i o n

T r a n s p o r t a t i o n , c o m m u n i c a t i o n ,

a n d p u b l i c u t i l i t i e sW h o l e s a l e

t r a d eR e t a i lt r a d e

F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e ,

a n d r e a l e s t a t eJu n e1961

Ju n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

Ju n e1962

J u n e1961

Ju n e1962

U n d e r $ 0. 50______________________________________ 1 . 5 0 . 3 - - 1. 7 0 . 4 - - 0 . 4 0 . 3 - 0. 1 3 . 7 0 . 5 - -$ 0 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 55_________ _________________ . 6 . 5 _ _ . 6 . 6 _ _ _ . 2 . . 1 . 5 1. 6$ 0. 55 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 60 __ _____ . 1 . 3 - - . 1 . 4 _ _ _ . 3 _ _ . 1 . 5 _ _$ 0. 60 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 65 _________________________ 1. 0 1.1 - - 1. 1 1 . 3 _ _ _ . 2 _ _ 2 . 2 . 2 _ _$ 0. 65 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 70 _ _ . 2 . 1 - - . 2 . 2 _ _ . 1 . 4 _ _ . 4 _ _ _$ 0 . 7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 5 _________________________ . 9 . 1 - - 1. 0 . 1 - - . 2 . 2 - - 2. 8 . 1 - -$ 0 . 7 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 80_________________________ 1. 8 1. 2 _ _ 2. 1 1. 4 _ . . 3 . 2 (4 ) 3. 5 . 5$ 0. 80 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 85 ___ _ _ 1. 2 1. 1 - _ 1 . 3 1 . 3 _ _ . 3 . 1 _ 1. 6 1. 8 - 0 . 3$ 0 . 8 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 9 0 _________________________ 1 . 2 . 5 - - 1 . 3 . 6 - _ 1 . 2 . 3 0. 2 _ 2. 4 . 8 . 1$ 0 . 9 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 9 5 ________ 1. 1 . 8 - _ 1 . 2 1. 0 _ _ . 4 . 2 _ _ 2. 2 1. 7 _ (4)$ 0 . 9 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 0 0 . 9 . 3 - - 1 . 0 . 4 - - . 3 . 2 - - 1. 0 . 7 1 . 0 (4 )$ 1. 00 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 05 6. 4 5. 8 4. 1 0 . 7 6. 7 6. 7 0 . 7 0 . 1 . 6 . 2 5. 6 . 1 11. 7 16. 6 5 . 0 . 2$ 1. 0 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 1 0 1. 5 1. 1 1. 4 . 3 i . 5 1 . 2 _ . 6 . 3 . 1 . 2 . 1 2 . 7 3. 1 1.9 . 1$ 1. 10 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 15_________________________ 3. 0 2. 0 3. 6 . 5 2 . 9 2 . 2 . 1 _ . 6 . 1 4. 6 . 8 4. 4 5. 3 2 . 0 . 7$ 1 . 1 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 20 3. 7 4 . 9 2. 4 5. 1 3. 8 4. 8 _ 1 . 5 . 9 2 . 3 5. 6 10. 2 5 . 3 4. 7 3. 8 9 . 2$ 1. 20 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 25 2. 6 3 . 1 1. 2 4. 0 2. 7 2 . 9 - . 7 1. 8 1. 9 1. 9 3. 2 2. 8 3. 2 3. 4 2. 8$ 1. 25 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 30 __ _ _ _ _ 6. 4 7 . 5 5. 5 6. 3 6. 5 7. 8 5 . ? 4 . 0 5. 6 3 . 5 1 1 . 0 10. 6 5. 5 8. 5 7. 3 13. 8$ 1. 30 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 35__________ _____________ 3 . 4 3 . 4 4. 0 8. 5 3. 3 2. 5 . 4 . 1 . 8 1 . 2 6. 8 4. 8 4 . 4 2. 7 4. 6 4. 5$ 1. 35 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 40 _________________________ 4 . 0 4 . 3 4. 2 7. 7 4. 0 3. 7 4 . 7 1. 4 5. 0 2 . 2 5. 2 7. 1 3 . 5 4. 1 2. 5 4. 0$ 1 .4 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 45 3 . 2 3. 7 4 . 1 5. 3 3. 0 3. 5 1. 3 . 4 4. 7 3. 1 2. 6 4. 5 2. 6 3. 6 4. 3 6. 0$ 1. 45 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 50_________________________ 1. 7 2. 8 4. 6 4. 9 1. 2 2. 4 - . 1 1. 9 1.0 2. 4 3. 5 1. 1 3. 3 2. 3 3. 7$ 1. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 60 8. 2 6. 5 12. 9 7. 6 7. 7 6. 3 7 . 3 5 . 7 5. 8 4. 4 11. 0 10. 7 6. 6 3. 9 15. 4 12. 8$ 1 . 6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 7 0 6. 1 4. 7 7. 5 7. 2 5 . 9 4. 3 3.1 2 . 3 6. 0 3. 6 5. 8 8. 4 6. 6 3. 1 8. 1 6. 6$ 1. 70 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 80_________________________ 4. 6 4. 6 5. 1 5 . 9 4 . 5 4. 3 5. 8 4 . 9 7. 0 5. 0 6. 5 6. 2 2 . 0 3. 5 6. 8 4. 4$ 1. 80 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 90_ _____ __ _ ____ 4. 2 4. 4 3. 7 2 . 9 4 . 2 4. 6 1. 6 2 . 5 9 . 4 9. 7 4. 8 3. 4 2. 6 3. 6 7. 8 3. 8$ 1. 90 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 00 2 . 7 3. 6 2. 9 2. 1 2 . 7 3. 8 7. 0 2 . 7 2. 8 2 .9 3. 0 3. 3 1. 2 3. 6 3. 7 8. 4$ 2. 00 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 10__ _ __ _____ 4. 4 4. 8 3. 1 2 . 5 4 . 7 5. 1 12. 3 1 2 . 2 5. 7 5. 2 3. 8 7 . 3 2. 4 2. 7 4. 7 2. 2$ 2. 10 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 20_________________________ 3 . 0 2. 3 4. 5 1. 6 2. 8 2. 4 1. 3 . 6 2. 6 2. 5 4. 2 3 . 3 2 . 1 1. 7 4. 1 2. 8$ 2. 20 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 30_________________________ 3 . 2 3. 1 6. 8 5. 9 2. 6 2. 6 5. 8 4. 8 1. 8 2. 1 3. 8 1.9 1. 4 2 . 4 3 . 3 1. 4$ 2. 30 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 40 1.7 2. 6 5. 3 4. 2 1. 2 2. 3 . 5 3. 7 2. 4 4 . 0 1. 2 1. 1 . 5 2 . 0 2. 7 3 . 4$ 2. 40 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 50__ _ _________________ 1.9 1. 7 3. 6 4. 7 1. 6 1. 2 1. 6 2. 0 4. 0 2 . 0 1. 5 . 1 . 9 . 8 1 . 3 1.7

$ 2. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 60 2 . 3 2 . 3 3. 2 1. 4 2. 2 2 . 4 2 .9 1. 5 4. 6 5. 8 3 . 3 3 . 2 1. 0 . 9 . 4 1. 8$ 2. 60 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 70 _________________________ . 9 1. 2 . 8 . 8 . 9 1 . 3 1. 0 . 9 2. 1 3. 1 . 7 . 3 . 9 1. 3 . 1 . 8$ 2. 7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 80_________________________ 1.9 1. 3 . 4 . 6 2. 1 1. 4 2. 8 1. 8 9. 3 4 . 5 . 7 . 7 . 5 1. 0 _ 1. 3$ 2. 80 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 90 _________________________ . 7 1. 2 . 4 1. 2 . 8 1 . 2 (4 ) . 6 1. 3 3. 9 . 3 1. 1 1. 4 1. 1 . 8 . 1$ 2. 90 a n d u n d e r $ 3. 00 . 6 2 . 2 . 4 . 2 . 7 2. 6 (4 ) . 5 1. 1 13. 5 1. 5 . 9 . 5 . 5 1 . 2 -$ 3. 00 a n d o v e r _ _ __ 7. 5 8. 6 4. 1 8. 0 8. 0 8. 7 33. 9 44 . 6 8. 7 9. 9 1 . 7 3 . 0 4 . 1 4. 3 1. 4 3. 0

T o t a l _______________________________________ 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 . 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100, 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 . 0 100. 0 1 0 0 . 0 100. 0

N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ( in h u n d r e d s ) _____________ 221 218 28 32 192 186 25 19 28 30 27 30 72 64 17 21A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s $1. 72 $1. 78 ' $1. 77 $1. 80 $ 1 .7 1 $1. 77 $2. 46 $2. 64 $1. 99 $2. 19 $1. 64 $ 1 . 6 6 $1. 48 $1. 55 $1. 65 $1. 67

1 E x c l u d e s p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e an d f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , a n d l a t e s h i f t s .T h e 1957 r e v i s e d e d i t i o n o f t h e S t a n d a r d I n d u s t r i a l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l p r e p a r e d b y th e B u r e a u of th e B u d g e t w a s u s e d in c l a s s i f y i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s by i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n and g ro u p .

M a j o r i n d u s t r y d i v i s i o n s e x c l u d e d f r o m th e s u r v e y w e r e a g r i c u l t u r e an d g o v e r n m e n t . A l s o e x c l u d e d w e r e p e t r o l e u m an d n a t u r a l g a s f r o m m i n i n g ; r a i l r o a d s f r o m t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ; and n o np ro f i t r e l i g i o u s , c h a r i t a b l e , e d u c a t i o n a l , an d h u m a n e o r g a n i z a t i o n s f r o m s e r v i c e s .

3 I n c l u d e s n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e show n s e p a r a t e l y .4 L e s s t h a n 0. 05 p e r c e n t .N O T E : B e c a u s e o f r o u n d i n g , s u m s o f i n d iv id u a l i t e m s m a y no t e q u a l 100. OO


Table 2. Asheville, N.C. to( P e r c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s by a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , 1



i n d u s t r i e sM a n u f a c t u r in g


T o t a l 3 C o n t r a c tc o n s t r u c t i o n


a n d pu b l i c u t i l i t i e sW h o l e s a l e


J u n e1961

J u n e1962

Ju n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

I l n d p r $ 0. SO 0. 8 0. 7 (4) 0. 2 1. 6 1 .4 . . 1. 9 2. 2$ 0. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 55 _ _ . 2 . 4 . 1 . 4 . 8 . 4 1. 0$ 0. 55 an d u n d e r $ 0. 60 . 2 . 1 (4 ) . 1 . 3 . 2 _ _ . 6 . 2$ 0. 60 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 65 . 4 . 4 _ . 8 . 8 0. 1 _ . 2 _ 1. 3 . 4$ 0. 65 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 70 1. 0 . 3 _ (4 ) 2. 0 . 6 - _ . 4 _ _ _ . 7 . 7$ 0 . 7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 5 . 3 . 5 - . 1 . 7 1. 0 - - . 1 - - - . 9 1. 4$ 0 . 7 5 an d u n d e r $ 0 . 8 0 5 .9 2. 3 0. 6 . 1 11. 5 5. 0 . 0. 1 . 3 15. 4 3. 4$ 0. 80 an d u n d e r $ 0 . 8 5 1. 3 . 9 . 2 . 1 2. 7 2. 0 _ _ 1. 1 _ _ _ 3. 7 2. 6$ 0 . 8 5 an d u n d e r $ 0. 9 0 __________________________ 1. 1 . 9 . 2 (4 ) 2. 2 1 .9 _ _ . 4 _ _ _ 3. 4 3. 2$ 0. 90 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 9 5 __________________________ 1. 3 '. 9 . 2 . 1 2. 6 1. 9 . 1 . 1 . 7 0. 1 _ _ 3. 6 2. 4$ 0 . 9 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 00__________________________ 1. 1 . 6 . 2 . 1 2. 0 1. 3 . 1 . 1 1. 3 . 8 - - 3. 3 2. 0$ 1. 00 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 05 10. 5 4. 8 8. 7 . 7 12. 6 9. 8 15. 4 2. 9 8. 4 3. 5 26. 2 0. 7 12. 1 19. 8$ 1 . 0 5 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 1 0 1. 8 1. 7 1. 6 . 2 2. 1 3. 5 . 9 - 1. 3 _ 6. 6 _ 1. 4 7. 8$ 1. 10 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 1 5 3. 0 1. 4 2. 6 . 1 3. 4 3. 0 4. 4 1. 7 3. 1 . 4 7. 3 _ 3. 5 5. 2$ 1 . 1 5 an d u n d e r $ 1. 20__________________________ 4. 2 11. 7 4. 5 13. 1 3. 8 10. 0 4. 4 13. 7 2 .9 9 . 4 2. 3 25. 6 5. 1 7. 1$ 1. 20 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 25 3. 7 4. 1 4. 3 4. 1 3. 0 4. 2 1. 2 2. 3 2. 6 3. 7 5. 2 10. 9 4. 1 4. 4$ 1. 25 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 30 7. 0 5. 5 9 . 0 4. 6 4 . 9 6. 7 9. 6 8. 3 3. 7 9. 7 9. 5 10. 9 4. 6 4. 1$ 1. 30 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 35__________________________ 5. 1 5. 0 7. 3 5 .9 2. 7 3. 8 1. 9 . 9 1. 3 3. 8 1. 3 10. 9 4. 1 3. 6$ 1. 35 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 4 0 __________________________ 3. 3 5 .9 4. 7 7. 4 1. 8 4. 0 1. 5 3. 2 2. 2 4. 6 1. 2 3. 7 2. 0 3. 7$ 1. 40 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 4 5 __________________________ 3. 4 4. 5 5. 0 5. 8 1. 6 3. 0 1. 5 3. 4 1. 4 1. 4 2. 7 2. 9 1. 4 3. 8$ 1. 45 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 50__________________________ 2. 4 3. 5 3. 2 5. 1 1. 4 1. 4 . 7 . 2 1. 3 . 9 1. 2 2. 5 1. 8 1. 6$ 1. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 60________ 6. 6 7 .9 8. 3 9. 5 4. 5 6. 0 3. 8 10. 9 6. 4 6. 9 4. 6 6. 2 4. 3 4. 2$ 1. 60 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 7 0 __________________________ 6. 6 6. 4 9. 0 8. 4 4. 1 3. 9 2. 2 3. 7 3. 1 4. 4 6. 6 5. 8 2. 7 2 .9$ 1. 70 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 80__________________________ 5. 0 7. 1 ■ 6. 0 10. 0 3. 8 3. 5 5. 7 7. 6 8. 4 6. 6 4. 7 2. 9 3. 3 2. 7$ 1. 80 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 9 0 __________________________ 4. 5 3. 1 6. 6 4. 2 2. 4 1. 7 2. 0 1. 6 3. 8 4. 1 3 .9 2. 4 1. 8 1. 4$ 1. 9 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 0 0 ________________ _________ 4. 7 3. 8 7. 4 5. 5 1. 7 1. 8 . 8 1. 1 3. 6 3. 9 2. 3 2. 7 1. 8 1 .6$ 2. 00 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 10__________________________ 4. 0 5. 1 3. 2 5. 8 4 . 9 4. 2 10. 0 11. 6 5. 3 5. 4 5. 6 3. 3 4. 3 2. 6$ 2. 10 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 20__________________________ 1. 7 1. 6 1. 2 1. 8 2. 2 1. 3 6. 9 1. 7 1. 4 2. 7 1. 8 2. 5 . 3 . 5$ 2. 20 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 30__________________________ 2 .9 2. 1 2. 8 1. 5 3. 0 2. 8 12. 1 10. 3 4. 3 2 .9 - . 9 1. 5 . 6$ 2. 30 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 40____ _____ 1. 1 1.9 . 8 2. 3 1. 4 1 .4 2. 1 2 .9 1. 8 3. 4 1. 1 1. 2 1. 3 . 6$ 2. 40 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 50 . 8 . 7 . 5 . 6 1. 1 . 7 1. 7 . 2 2. 9 1. 5 . 3 . 2 1. 1 . 8$ 2. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 60__ ___ 1. 1 1. 1 . 7 1. 0 1. 5 1. 4 3. 6 3. 4 2. 2 4. 8 . 4 . 7 . 9 . 6$ 2. 60 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 70__________________________ 1. 0 . 6 . 3 . 5 1. 8 . 8 1. 8 1. 6 9. 4 1. 6 1. 2 1. 4 . 3 . 7$ 2. 70 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 80 . 5 . 5 . 3 . 4 . 7 . 7 2. 5 1. 1 1. 2 3. 9 . 3 _ . 1 . 3$ 2. 80 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 90 _____ _ __ ______ . 6 . 4 . 2 . 2 1. 1 . 6 . 1 - 5. 5 2. 4 1. 2 . 9 . 1 . 5$ 2. 90 a n d u n d e r $ 3. 00__________________________ . 1 . 4 (4 ) . 1 . 1 . 7 - . 4 . 5 4. 6 . 2 - . 1 . 1$ 3. 00 a n d o v e r __ 1. 0 1. 2 . 4 . 4 1. 5 2. 2 3. 0 4 . 9 5. 1 2. 5 2. 2 . 9 . 8 1. 7

T o t a l _______________________________ i ______ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0

N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ( in h u n d r e d s ) 251 263 130 144 121 119 15 16 1 1 13 12 12 54 45A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s ________________________ $ 1 .4 6 $1. 51 $1. 52 $1. 58 $1. 39 $ 1 . 4 2 $1. 73 $1. 78 $1. 85 $1. 82 $1. 43 $1. 47 $1. 27 $1. 30

1 S e e fo o tn o te 1, t a b l e 1.2 S e e fo o tn o te 2, t a b l e 1.3 I n c l u d e s n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e shown s e p a r a t e l y .4 L e s s t h a n 0. 05 p e r c e n t .N O T E : B e c a u s e of r o u n d i n g , s u m s o f i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s m a y no t e q u a l 100.


Table 3. Durham, N.C.( P e r c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t i o n of n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s by a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , 1

s e l e c t e d i n d u s t r y g r o u p s , 2 J u n e 1961 an d J u n e 1962)


i n d u s t r i e sM a n u f a c t u r i n g

i n d u s t r i e sN o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g , i n d u s t r i e s



a n d p u b l i c u t i l i t i e sR e t a i l t r a d e

F inance , i n s u r a n c e ,

a n d r e a l e s t a t eJ u n e1961

Ju n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

Ju n e1962

U n d e r $ 0 . 5 0 ________________________________________ 1.0 0.2 _ (4) 1.9 0.3 . 0.1 3.9 (4 )$ 0 .5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 5 5 _____ ______________________ .2 .1 (4 )- (4 ) .4 .1 _ . .7 0.2$ 0 .5 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 6 0 ------------------------------------------- . 1 . 1 n 0.1 .2 (4 ) _ _ 0.1 _ .1 . 1$ 0 .6 0 an d u n d e r $ 0 . 6 5 ________________ _____________ .2 .1 (4 ) (4 ) .4 . 1 - . _ _ .7 .1$ 0 .6 5 an d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 0 ------------------------------------------- .2 .1 (4 ) .5 .2 _ _ .2 _ .2 (4 ) 0.6 _$ 0 .7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 5 ------------------------------------------- .4 .1 (4 ) .8 .2 - - .4 - .9 .2 - 0.3$ 0 .7 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 8 0 ------------------------------------------- 3.2 2.4 0.5 .5 5.6 4.0 (4 ) .9 8.5 1.6 . 1 .1$ 0 .8 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 8 5 ------------------------------------------- 1.5 1.2 . 1 . 1 2.6 2.2 .1 1.2 _ 3.9 2.5$ 0 .8 5 an d u n d e r $ 0 . 9 0 _____________________________ 1.1 1.0 . 1 .2 2.2 1.7 _ _ .9 _ 4.8 3.4 .6 .1$ 0 .9 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 9 5 ------------------------------------------- 1.0 .7 .2 . 1 1.7 1.2 _ 1.2 1.6 0.3 1.9 1.3 .7$ 0 .9 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 0 0 ------------------------------------------- .8 .4 . 1 (4 ) 1.6 .8 - - .5 .3 2.1 1.0 1.8 .1$ 1 .0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 0 5 ------------ ---------------------------- 8.0 5.9 4.0 .9 11.6 10.4 22.1 5.4 2.9 .7 8.7 23.3 4.7 5.9$ 1 .0 5 a n d u n d e r $1 .1 0------------------------------------------- 1.8 1.3 2.1 .2 1.5 2.3 .4 .3 .8 .6 2.3 6.3 1.3 .5$ 1 .1 0 an d u n d e r $ 1 .1 5 ------------------------------------------- 2.8 2.0 1.3 .5 4.1 3.4 5.1 2.8 4.7 1.1 3.5 3.6 5.2 3.1$ 1 .1 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 2 0 ------------------------------------------- 2.3 9.0 2.0 8.7 2.6 9.4 1.4 15.0 4.3 14.5 2.3 4.7 7.0 8.2$ 1 .2 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 2 5 _____ ______________________ 2.6 2.4 1.9 1.7 3.1 3.0 1.2 2.0 6 .4 2.8 2.4 3.9 6.0 2.9$ 1 .2 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 3 0 ___ ______________________ 5.0 4.2 2.0 2.3 7.6 5.8 11.6 10.2 7.3 4.4 6.9 5.5 7.9 7.1$ 1 .3 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 3 5 _____________________ _____ 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.1 3.4 .6 1.1 1.6 4.8 5.5 4.0 6.4 5.0$ 1 .3 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 4 0 _____________________________ 3.4 3.7 3.6 4.0 3.2 3.4 1.5 3.0 2.6 2.5 3.5 4.2 2.4 6.1$ 1 .4 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 4 5 ------------------------------------------- 2.8 3.1 3.2 3.1 2.5 3.0 1.5 2.2 .7 3.1 2.4 3.5 4.9 5.5$ 1 .4 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 5 0 — _________________________ 1.9 1.5 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.4 .7 1.0 1.7 .9 .9 1.6 2.6 2.5$ 1 .5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 6 0 _____________________________ 5.8 5.0 5.0 4.3 6.6 5.7 7.9 5.8 6.0 4.1 5.7 4.6 8.4 8.7$ 1 .6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 7 0 _____________________________ 4.5 4.1 4.6 3.9 4.5 4.3 2.5 5.3 3.1 4.9 5.9 3.2 6.2 5.5$ 1 .7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 8 0 ------------------------------------------- 5.5 5.3 4.0 4.7 6.7 5.9 9.8 6.7 15.1 14.7 3.7 3.1 5.7 6.7$ 1 .8 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 9 0 _____________________________ 6.2 3.3 9.6 3.4 3.2 3.1 4.0 4.2 2.9 2.1 2.0 2.2 7.0 4.2$ 1 .9 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 0 0 _____________________________ 5.0 4.9 8.3 7.5 2.1 2.6 2.9 2.7 1. 1 2.4 1.6 3.6 2.4 3.0$ 2 .0 0 and u n d e r $ 2 . 1 0 _____________________________ 8.9 4.3 14.2 3.9 4.2 4.6 7.0 8.4 2.8 4.4 4.4 2.4 5.2 4.4$2 . 10 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 2 0 _____________________________ 6.3 7.4 11.2 13.3 2.0 2.2 1.6 1.8 2.2 4.2 2.8 1.9 2.0 2.7$ 2 .2 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 3 0 _____________________________ 2.3 4.0 2.1 6.4 2.5 1.8 3.8 3.8 2.6 2.2 1.4 .9 3.1$ 2 .3 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 4 0 _____________________________ 3.0 5.4 5.0 9.6 1. 1 1.7 1.1 .7 1.2 3.3 .9 .8 3.5 2.3$ 2 .4 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 5 0 _____________________________ 1.0 2.9 1.1 5.3 .8 .7 .1 .6 1.4 2.4 .9 .3 3.4 1.1$ 2 .5 0 an d u n d e r $ 2 . 6 0 _____________________________ 1.1 2.1 1.0 1.4 1.2 2.7 2.4 6.8 3.7 .5 .8 1.6 .2 2.7$ 2 .6 0 an d u n d e r $ 2 . 7 0 _____________________________ 1.4 1.2 1.6 1.3 1.3 1.1 .6 1.6 9.8 1.6 .6 1.0 .2 .7$ 2 .7 0 an d u n d e r $ 2 . 8 0 _____________________________ 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.1 1.2 2.0 2.9 2.6 3.5 7.8 . 1 .6 .2 1.2$ 2 .8 0 an d u n d e r $ 2 . 9 0 _____________________________ 1.5 .8 2.6 .7 .6 .8 .2 .3 .7 4.1 . 1 .3 .9 1.4$ 2 .9 0 an d u n d e r $ 3 . 0 0 _______________ ___________ .3 1.0 .2 1.6 .3 .4 .2 .2 .2 .7 .2 .3 .3$ 3 .0 0 an d o v e r ____________________ 2.4 4.2 1.8 4.3 3.0 4.0 6.6 4.0 4.5 4.5 2.8 2.6 1.7 4.0

T o t a l ------------------------------------------------------------- 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

N u m b e r of w o r k e r s ( in h u n d r e d s ) ___________ _ 225 238 106 113 119 125 25 25 12 14 40 38 12 15A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s _____ ___________________ $1 .65 $ 1 .7 4 $1 .8 5 $1 .93 $ 1 .4 7 $1 .5 7 $ 1 .6 5 $1.71 $ 1 .7 9 $1 .8 6 $1 .3 7 $1 .4 3 $1 .5 7 $1 .69

1 S e e f o o tn o te 1, t a b l e 1.2 S e e f o o tn o te 2, t a b l e 1.3 I n c l u d e s n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e show n s e p a r a t e l y .4 L e s s t h a n 0 .0 5 p e r c e n t .N O T E : B e c a u s e of ro u n d i n g , s u m s of i n d iv id u a l i t e m s m a y not e q u a l 100. toCn


Table 4. Huntsville, Ala. toOn( P e r c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s by a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , 1




T o t a l 1 2 3 C o n t r a c tc o n s t r u c t i o n

R e t a i lt r a d e S e r v i c e s

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

Ju n e1961

J u n e1962

U n d e r $ 0 . SC ......... ............ 2. 4 0. 7 3. 0 0. 7 _ _ 7 . 0 1. 5 1. 7$ 0 . 50 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 55__ _ . 7 . 6 . 9 . 7 _ 1. 3 2. 2 1. 0 . 6 . 6$ 0 . 5 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 6 0 . 5 . 2 . 6 . 3 - - . 6 . 5 1. 2 . 3$ 0. 60 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 6 5 2. 7 . 4 3. 4 . 5 _ . 1 7. 7 1. 0 2. 0 . 6$ 0 . 6 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 0 . 8 . 7 1. 0 . 8 _ _ 1. 5 1. 5 1. 2 1. 1$ 0 . 7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 5 _ 1. 0 . i 1. 2 . 1 - - 2. 6 . 1 . 9 . 3$ 0 . 7 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 80 2. 0 1. 4 2. 5 1. 7 0. 3 _ 5. 6 1. 3 1. 6 3. 2$ 0. 80 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 85 1. 7 . 6 2. 1 . 8 - - 4. 6 2. 8 1. 3 . 3$ 0. 85 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 9 0 1. 6 1. 2 1. 8 1. 5 - - 4. 5 2. 4 . 7 2. 2$ 0. 90 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 9 5 1. 7 . 5 2. 1 . 6 - . 1 6. 0 1. 6 . 2 . 2$ 0 . 9 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 0 0 1. 3 . 4 1. 7 . 5 - - 3. 9 1. 5 . 7 . 3$ 1. 00 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 05 5. 9 6. 9 7. 2 8. 5 7. 8 5. 8 9. 9 23. 2 3. 8 3. 5$ 1. 0 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 1 0 1. 3 1. 3 1. 5 1. 7 . 1 - 3. 6 5. 3 . 4 . 5$ 1 . 1 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 15__________________________ 3. 0 1. 5 3. 1 1. 8 . 1 1. 5 6. 2 5 .9 1. 3 . 1$ 1 . 1 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 20__________________________ 3. 0 8. 4 2. 4 7. 2 3. 5 8. 7 1. 9 4. 6 I. 2 4. 6$ 1. 20 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 25________________ _______ 1 . 4 2. 4 1. 3 1. 7 . 2 . 8 1. 4 1. 9 . 1 . 8$ 1. 25 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 30__________________________ 4. 5 4. 9 3. 6 4. 8 8. J 11. 3 3. 2 5. 2 . 8 . 7$ 1. 30 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 35__________________________ 2. 6 3. 2 1. 5 2 .9 1. 2 5. 5 1. 3 2. 1 . 5 2. 3$ 1. 35 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 40 _ 2. 8 3. 4 2. 2 2. 7 . 8 2. 9 2. 8 4. 6 1. 1 . 7$ 1. 40 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 45 2 .9 3. 3 2. 6 3. 0 . 6 1. 5 4. 4 2. 3 . 4 1. 2$ 1. 45 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 50__________________________ 1. 8 2. 2 . 5 1. 8 - . 2 . 4 4. 6 . 2 . 9$ 1. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 60__________________________ 5. 5 6. 0 4. 3 4. 8 10. 2 8. 0 3. 2 5. 2 2. 0 1. 2$ 1. 60 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 70__________________________ 5. 0 4. 7 2. 8 3 .9 5. 6 3. 3 1. 5 3. 3 1. 8 3. 8$ 1. 70 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 80__________________________ 6. 2 6. 2 5. 2 6. 0 12. 8 11. 6 2. 2 3. 8 6. 0 3. 7$ 1. 80 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 90 __________________________ 3. 4 3. 4 3. 7 3. 3 3. 0 3. 5 2. 3 2. 0 4. 2 3. 4$ 1. 9 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 00__________________________ 2. 7 2. 7 2. 1 2. 4 1. 3 . 8 . 8 1. 2 2. 8 4. 0$ 2. 00 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 10__________________________ 4. 0 3. 6 4. 4 3. 7 9. 8 3 .9 1. 7 1. 3 3. 7 4. 0$ 2. 10 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 20__________________________ 2. 2 1. 8 2. 6 1 .9 . 7 . 2 . 9 1. 2 5. 3 2. 9$ 2. 20 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 30__________________________ 2. 8 2. 5 3. 0 2. 6 3 . 4 4. 7 1. 6 1. 3 4. 6 2. 1$ 2. 30 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 40 __________________________ 1. 3 2. 3 1. 4 2. 6 . 9 1. 0 . 3 1. 0 3. 0 4. 8$ 2. 40 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 50__________________________ 1. 9 . 9 2. 0 . 9 2. 5 . 2 . 3 . 3 4. 0 1. 6$ 2. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 60 __________________________ 2. 8 2. 1 3. 1 1 .9 3. 6 1 .9 . 9 1 .4 5. 6 2. 3$ 2. 60 an d u n d e r $ 2. 70 __________________________ 1. 1 1. 7 1. 0 2. 0 . 2 . 4 . 1 . 5 1. 6 3. 6$ 2. 70 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 80__________________________ 1. 9 1. 5 1. 7 1. 5 1. 8 . 8 1. 0 . 3 2. 7 1. 7$ 2. 80 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 9 0 __________________________ 2. 0 2. 0 2. 6 2. 1 . 8 . 5 . 2 . 4 4. 3 3. 6$ 2. 90 a n d u n d e r $ 3. 00 __________________________ 1. 5 1. 8 1. 7 2. 1 . 6 . 3 . 3 . 3 4. 3 3. 7$ 3. 00 a n d o v e r ____________________________ ____ 10. 1 12. 4 12. 3 13. 7 20. 1 19. 4 1. 4 3. 1 22. 4 27. 6

T o t a l _______________________________________ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0

N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ( in h u n d r e d s ) _____________ 142 176 112 139 17 25 38 34 41 59A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s ________________________ $1. 73 $1. 87 $1. 76 $1. 89 $2. 07 $1. 92 $1. 13 $1. 38 $2. 23 $2. 41

1 S e e fo o tn o te 1, t a b l e 1.2 S e e f o o tn o te 2, t a b l e 1.3 I n c l u d e s n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y .N O T E : B e c a u s e o f r o u n d i n g , s u m s o f i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s m a y no t e q u a l 100.


Table 5. Lake Charles, La.( P e r c e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n of n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s by a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s ,







an d p u b l i c u t i l i t i e sW h o l e s a l e



a n d r e a l e s t a t eJu n e1961

Ju ne1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

Ju n e1961

Ju n e1962

U n d e r $ 0 . 5 0 ____ 1.0 0.3 _ 0.4 1.5 0.2 _ _ _ _ _ . 2.4 0.4 _ _

$ 0 .5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 5 5 _____________________________ 1.2 .5 _ _ 1.8 .7 _ _ _ _ _ _ 4.2 .4 _ _$ 0 .5 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 6 0 _____________________________ 1.0 .1 - - 1.6 .2 - - - - - - 3.2 .4 - -$ 0 .6 0 an d u n d e r $ 0 . 6 5 . . _________________________ .9 .3 0.1 - 1.2 .5 - - - - - - 2.1 1.3 0.1 0.1$ 0 .6 5 an d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 0 _____________________________ 1.1 .2 - - 1.6 .4 0.4 - - - - - 2.7 1.0 - -$ 0 .7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 5 _____________________________ .7 1.1 - - 1.0 1.6 - - 0.5 - - - 2.0 1.9 .2 6.6$0. 75 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 8 0 _____________________________ 2.1 1.1 . 1 _ 3.0 1.6 _ _ 1.6 _ 0.9 0.7 5.8 2.0 .1 .1$ 0 .8 0 an d u n d e r $ 0 . 8 5 _____________________________ 1.2 .5 .2 - 1.6 .8 - - - - - - 3.3 1.2 - .1$ 0 .8 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 9 0 _____________________________ .7 1.0 - - 1.0 1.5 - - . 1 0.1 - - 1.8 1.5 .8 .1$ 0 .9 0 an d u n d e r $ 0 . 9 5 ------------------------------------------- 1.4 .6 - - 2.0 .9 - - - - - - 3.7 2.7 1.8 .1$ 0 .9 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 0 0 _____________________________ .8 .4 - ' 1.2 . 6 - - .5 1.0 - - 2.6 .5 1.1 .2$ 1 .0 0 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 0 5 __________________ ___________ 5.8 4.0 2.1 .3 7.4 6.1 .2 1.7 8.8 1.5 9.7 3.4 12.8 11.2 3.3 3.3$ 1 .0 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 1 0 _____________________________ 2.1 1.3 .2 - 3.0 2.1 - - .3 .9 10.0 - 4.2 4.5 4.4 3.8$ 1 .1 0 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 1 5 _____________________________ 2.8 2.2 2.8 3.0 2.7 1.8 . 1 .2 2.4 .3 8.3 - 4.1 4.7 2.2 . 6$ 1 .1 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 2 0 _____________________________ 2.0 5.6 1.1 3.3 2.5 6.9 1.8 4.7 2.3 7.4 2.8 18.7 2.1 4.0 5.2 4.6$ 1 .2 0 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 2 5 _____________________________ 1.9 1.6 .7 .9 2.5 2.0 1.6 1.5 1.7 1.1 3.8 11.5 3.1 1.1 1.1 1.0$ 1 .2 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 3 0 _____________________________ 3.5 4.4 3.1 1.9 3.6 5.8 2.3 4.8 6.0 5.3 6.5 8.7 2.2 6.5 6.0 4.5$ 1 .3 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 3 5 _____________________________ 1.6 1.8 .7 .4 2.0 2.6 .7 1.3 1.3 3.5 3.1 3.3 2.2 3.8 6.8 1.6$ 1 .3 5 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 4 0 _____________________________ 2.2 2.2 .4 .4 3.0 3.1 1.5 1.2 1.1 4.4 5.0 3.3 3.6 4.1 7.6 6.8$ 1 .4 0 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 4 5 _____________________________ 2.4 1.9 1.0 .8 3.0 2.5 1.1 1.5 1.7 2.6 9.3 3.1 3.2 1.4 4.2 7.2$ 1 .4 5 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 5 0 _____________________________ 1.0 1.3 .3 .4 1.3 1.8 .1 .2 1.2 1.4 2.6 4.7 1.8 3.0 1.9 2.2$ 1 .5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 6 0 _____________________________ 4.4 3.5 1.9 1.0 5.5 4.9 6.1 3.0 4.2 2.1 6.7 4.0 4.9 6.5 14.1 10.3$ 1.60 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 7 0 _____________________________ 2.5 2.6 1.7 1.2 2.8 3.5 3.0 .9 2.7 2.7 2.7 5.8 2.5 4.6 7.9 10.6$ 1 .7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 8 0 _____________________________ 2.8 3.4 .9 .9 3.7 4.8 3.1 4.2 4.9 4.8 7.7 5.6 1.5 4.6 4.8 10.8$ 1 .8 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 9 0 ------------------------------------------- 2.2 1.8 .6 .6 2.9 2.5 2.1 .4 5.1 5.0 4.2 4.1 2.0 2.1 3.3 2.7$ 1.90 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 0 0 _____________________________ 1.9 1.6 1.2 .6 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.2 1.8 3.6 2.2 1.6 2.2 2.7 1.7 1.7$ 2 .0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 1 0 _____________________________ 4.6 3.2 2.1 1.9 5.8 4 .0 14.3 5.6 3.3 4.6 4.0 6.4 2.9 2.0 8.7 5.9$ 2 .1 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 2 0 _____________________________ 2.2 3.8 2.3 2.9 2.0 4.2 1.9 10.5 4.1 2.6 3.1 4.2 1.5 2.0 1.5 1.7$ 2 .2 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 3 0 _____________________________ 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.7 2.2 1.9 3.0 1.9 2.2 .9 2.4 1.3 1.6 1.4 1.0$ 2 .3 0 an d u n d e r $ 2 . 4 0 _____________________________ 2.4 3.5 5.2 5.3 1.0 2.5 .6 1.7 2.3 2.5 .4 1.7 .5 3.1 1.0 5.7$ 2 .4 0 an d u n d e r $ 2 . 5 0 _____________________________ 1.9 1.8 2.5 3.0 1.6 1.2 1.7 .9 4.6 3.2 1.5 - .8 .8 .7 .4$ 2 .5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 6 0 _____________________________ 2.3 2.3 1.2 1.3 2.7 2.8 3.0 4.0 3.5 4.5 1.1 2.2 1.7 1.9 3.1 2.1$ 2 .6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 7 0 _____________________________ 1.9 1.8 3.9 3.1 1.0 1.1 . 6 .5 1.7 1.6 . 1 .8 1.0 .8 .6 .5$2. 70 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 8 0 _____________________________ 3.2 3.1 7.7 7.3 1.3 .8 . 6 .4 6.1 1.5 .2 .8 .2 . 6 . 1 .5$ 2 .8 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 9 0 _____________________________ 1.5 1.6 2.8 2.1 .9 1.3 2.0 .6 .5 3.0 - - . 6 1.3 .2 .5$ 2 .9 0 a n d u n d e r $ 3 . 0 0 _____________________________ 3.7 7.1 3.7 11.7 3.8 4.6 1.8 3.6 17.0 18.0 . 1 .7 1.3 1.0 .3 .6$ 3. 00 a n d o v e r - 23.5 24.1 47.4 43.0 12.4 13.6 45.5 41.6 6.6 8.7 3.1 2.3 2.2 6.8 3.7 2.0

T o t a l _________________________________________

N u m b e r of w o r k e r s ( in h u n d r e d s ) _______________A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s --------------------------------------

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

184$2 .05

182$2 .18

58$ 2 .6 7

65$2 .69

126$1 .77

117$ 1 .9 0

27$ 2 .6 9

26$ 2 .6 4

19$2 .05

21$2.11 9

$ 1 .5 010

$ 1 .6 050

$1 .2837

$1 .6 2 9$1 .62

8$1 .62

S e e f o o tn o te 1, t a b l e 1.2 S e e f o o tn o te 2, t a b l e 1.3 I n c l u d e s n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e show n s e p a r a t e l y .N O T E : B e c a u s e of r o u n d i n g , s u m s of in d iv id u a l i t e m s m a y not e q u a l 100. ro


Table 6. Lexington, Ky.( P e r c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t i o n of n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s by a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s ,


A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g sAl l

i n d u s t r i e sM a n u f a c t u r ing




an d pu b l i c u t i l i t i e sR e t a i lt r a d e

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

Ju n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

Ju n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

U n d e r $ 0. 50_ 0 . 9 0. 4 (4 ) _ 1. 2 0. 6 . . 2. 1 0. 2$ 0. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 55 . 7 . 6 1 .0 . 8 1. 5 . 2$ 0. 55 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 60 .... _ _ . 4 (4 ) _ _ . 5 . 1 _ _ _ _ . 3 . 1$ 0. 60 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 6 5 1. 3 1. 0 . _ 1. 8 1 .4 (4 ) 0. 1 _ 2. 2$ 0. 65 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 0 . 8 . 3 _ . 1. 2 . 4 _ 0. 1 0. 1 2. 1 _$ 0 . 7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 5 . 8 . 2 - - 1. 2 . 3 - - . 1 . 1 1. 1 . 1$ 0 . 7 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 80 2. 2 2. 2 0. 2 0. 2 2 . 9 3. 1 0. 1 . 1 4. 6$ 0 . 80 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 85 . _ . 8 . 8 _ (4 ) 1. 2 1. 1 _ _ . 2 _ 1. 6 . 6$ 0. 85 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 00 1. 8 . 7 - . 1 2. 5 1. 1 _ _ . 3 . 2 4. 3 1. 4$ 0. 90 a n d u n d e r $ 0. 9 5 __________________________ 1. 3 ■ . 7 - - 1. 7 1. 0 _ . 4 . 5 . 4 3. 3 1. 2$ 0. 9 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 00 . 8 . 7 - * 1. 1 1. 1 - - . 5 . 7 2. 2 2. 4$ 1. 00 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 0 5 7. 0 7. 2 2. 1 . 4 8. 9 10. 2 8. 6 4. 3 9. 9 . 7 10. 3 21. 6$ 1 . 0 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 1 0 1. 4 1. 1 . 6 . i 1. 7 1. 6 (4 ) _ . 4 . 4 2. 8 3. 8$ 1. 10 an d u n d e r $ 1. 15__________________________ 2. 8 2. 1 2. 1 . 6 3. 0 2. 8 . 1. 0 1. 8 2. 5 . 6 4. 5 4. 9$ 1 . 1 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 20 3. 4 5. 1 1. 6 4. 6 4. 1 5. 3 . 5 2. 1 2. 8 11. 0 4. 1 4. 3$ 1. 20 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 25 2. 2 2. 6 2. 0 2. 2 2. 2 2. 8 . 4 . 1 1. 1 3. 7 3. 4 4. 3$ 1. 25 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 30 6. 4 5. 7 3. 0 3. 1 7. 6 6. 9 1 1. 5 6. 7 6. 4 3. 1 6. 8 7. 3$ 1. 30 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 35 1. 6 2. 4 1. 4 2. 9 1. 7 2. 2 1. 2 1. 0 1. 8 1. 5 2. 2 3. 8$ 1. 35 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 40 __________________________ 2. 2 2 . 9 1. 5 1. 7 2. 6 3. 4 2. 9 3. 0 1. 6 2. 3 3. 0 4. 3$ 1. 40 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 4 5 __________________________ 2. 1 2. 5 .9 2. 6 2. 6 2. 4 2. 4 3. 4 2. 5 . 8 3. 0 3. 1$ 1. 45 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 50________ __ 2. 1 1. 1 2. 6 . 6 1. 8 1. 3 . 7 . 8 1. 8 1. 3 1. 7 1. 3$ 1. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 60 __________________________ 5. 6 6. 1 3. 6 4. 0 6. 4 7. 1 10. 0 11 .5 4. 1 5. 0 4. 1 5. 8$ 1. 60 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 70 __________________________ 4. 3 3. 4 4. 1 3. 3 4. 3 3. 5 3. 2 2. 9 7. 5 2. 5 3. 0 2. 5$ 1 . 7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 80__________________________ 6. 8 6. 1 10. 1 6. 3 5. 4 5. 9 8 .9 9. 5 7. 5 10. 2 3. 4 3. 2$ 1. 80 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 9 0 __________________________ 3. 8 4. 1 5 .4 6. 7 3. 3 3. 0 3. 6 1. 6 5. 8 3. 4 3. 0 2. 4$ 1. 90 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 00_______________ ______ 3. 3 3. 1 4. 3 4. 9 3. 0 2. 3 1. 1 1. 9 7. 1 7. 1 2. 5 1. 9$ 2. 00 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 10_ _______ __ 4. 6 5. 0 4. 6 6. 2 4. 7 4. 5 5. 7 6. 6 4. 3 7. 2 5. 1 3. 9$ 2. 10 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 20__________________________ 2. 6 3. 5 3.9 5. 5 2. 2 2. 6 3. 2 2. 7 2. 2 4. 4 1. 1 1. 1$ 2. 20 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 30__________________________ 2 .9 3. 5 2. 8 3. 0 3. 0 3. 7 7. 0 4. 2 2. 8 2. 8 1. 5 3. 2$ 2. 30 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 40 ____________________ ____ 2. 6 1. 8 4. 4 2. 6 2. 0 1. 4 1. 5 . 9 5. 6 2. 1 1. 4 1. 0$ 2. 40 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 50 2. 2 2. 2 5. 2 3. 7 1. 0 1. 6 . 6 . 4 2. 4 6. 8 . 5 1. 1$ 2. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 60____________ ____________ 3. 9 2. 8 6. 2 3. 7 3. 0 2. 4 6. 3 5. 0 1. 7 3. 0 1. 8 1. 5$ 2. 60 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 70 __________________________ 2. 3 2. 5 5. 7 5. 0 1. 0 1. 4 1. 9 2. 4 2. 4 4. 6 . 2 . 6$ 2. 70 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 80 __________________________ 1. 8 2. 8 3. 7 5. 4 1. 1 1. 7 1. 6 5. 3 1. 2 1. 3 1. 1 1. 0$ 2. 80 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 90__ 2. 3 2. 6 4. 1 5. 1 1. 6 1. 4 . 3 1. 0 11. 3 5. 2 . 1 . 9$ 2. 90 a n d u n d e r $ 3. 00 __________________________ 1. 6 1. 5 2. 5 2. 3 1. 2 1.1 5. 8 1. 5 - 5. 3 . 2 . 5$ 3. 00 a n d o v e r __________________________________ 6. 4 8. 5 11. 2 13. 3 4. 6 6. 3 10. 2 18. 9 1. 7 2. 2 3. 8 3. 9

T o t a l _____ _______________________ _______ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0

N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ( in h u n d r e d s ) _____________ 249 248 70 77 181 171 30 31 21 19 67 60A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s ________________________ $1. 77 $1. 84 $2. 15 $2. 17 $1. 63 $1. 69 $2. 02 $2. 13 $1. 85 $ 1 . 9 6 $ 1 . 4 6 $ 1 .5 1

1 S e e fo o tn o te 1, t a b l e 1.2 S e e fo o tn o te 2, t a b l e 1.3 In c l u d e s n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y .4 L e s s t h a n 0. 05 p e r c e n t .N O T E : B e c a u s e o f r o u n d i n g , s u m s o f i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s m a y no t e q u a l 100.


Table 7. Monroe, La.( P e r c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s by a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s ,

s e l e c t e d i n d u s t r y g r o u p s , 2 J u n e 1961 and J u n e 1962)






and p u b l i c u t i l i t i e sW h o l e s a l e



and r e a l e s t a t eJu n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J un e 1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

U n d e r $ 0. 50 ______________________________________ 4. 3 2. 0 1. 5 _ 5. 6 3. 1 _ _ . . 7. 5 1. 3$ 0. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 5 5 --------------------------------------- 1 .7 . 7 . . 2. 4 1. 1 4. 3 1. 3$ 0 . 5 5 an d u n d e r $ 0. 6 0 __________________________ 1. 0 . 5 - - 1. 4 . 7 _ _ _ _ 0. 6 _ 2. 1 1. 6$ 0. 60 an d u n d e r $ 0 . 6 5 __________________________ 1.1 . 8 - _ 1. 7 1. 3 0. 1 _ _ _ _ _ 3. 3 1. 9$ 0 . 6 5 an d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 0 __________________________ 1. 3 . 7 - _ 1. 8 1. 0 . 1 _ _ _ _ _ 3. 4 2. 3 _$ 0 . 7 0 an d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 5 __________________________ 1 .4 . 8 - - 2. 1 1. 2 - - 0. 6 - - - 4. 0 1. 6 - -$ 0 . 7 5 and u n d e r $ 0. 8 0 --------------------------------------- 1 .4 1 .9 . 0. 6 2. 1 2. 6 . 6 0. 4 3. 6 4. 4$ 0. 80 an d u n d e r $ 0 . 8 5 __________________________ 2. 1 . 9 . 1 _ 3. 0 1. 4 _ _ _ _ . 6 . 4 6. 7 1. 5 _ _

$ 0 . 8 5 an d u n d e r $ 0. 9 0 --------------------------------------- 1. 1 1 .0 . 9 _ 1. 2 1. 5 _ 0. 4 - _ 1. 3 _ 2. 4 3. 2 _ _

$ 0 . 9 0 an d u n d e r $ 0. 9 5 --------------------------------------- 1. 7 . 5 . 4 _ 2. 3 . 7 _ _ _ _ . 5 _ 3. 6 . 9 _$ 0. 95 and u n d e r $ 1 . 0 0 --------------------------------------- . 6 . 8 - 1. 0 . 9 . 7 - - - - . 6 - 1. 6 1. 7 - -$ 1. 00 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 0 5 --------------------------------------- 9. 0 5. 0 6. 5 1. 7 10. 1 6. 8 7. 7 1. 5 9 . 6 _ 26. 0 . 7 9. 6 16. 6 5. 5 0. 5$ 1 . 0 5 and un d e r $ 1. 10--------------------------------------- 2. 3 2. 0 2. 5 . 5 2. 2 2. 9 . 2 _ 5. 0 8. 1 4. 5 . 5 2. 4 5. 3 1. 7 _

$ 1 . 1 0 an d u n d e r $ 1. 15__________________________ 3. 0 1 .7 1. 3 . 5 3. 9 2. 4 . 4 . 2 2. 9 _ 8. 7 . 4 4. 5 6. 5 . 4 . 7$ 1 . 1 5 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 2 0 --------------------------------------- 2. 5 11 .0 2. 0 7. 7 2. 7 12. 8 3. 8 14. 7 1. 4 13. 9 7. 9 45. 5 1. 6 4. 7 3. 5 5. 8$ 1. 20 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 2 5 __________________________ 1 .6 1 .8 1. 6 1 .9 1. 6 1. 7 . 7 . 3 2. 5 1. 0 3. 4 8. 0 1. 0 1. 2 3. 6 . 9$ 1 . 2 5 an d un d e r $ 1 . 3 0 --------------------------------------- 4 . 6 4. 9 1. 2 2. 3 6. 1 6. 2 8. 0 9 . 6 2. 1 4. 1 7. 6 6. 5 5. 5 5. 5 6. 1 6. 4$ 1. 30 an d u n d e r $ 1. 35 --------------------------------------- 1. 5 2. 1 . 7 1. 3 1. 9 2. 5 . 3 1. 7 1. 1 . 8 3. 8 2. 0 2. 5 4. 0 2. 2 3. 9$ 1. 35 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 4 0 __________________________ 2. 2 2. 1 1. 4 1. 1 2. 6 2. 7 3. 8 2. 7 1. 0 2. 1 3. 2 3. 7 2. 1 2. 8 3. 7 4. 6$ 1. 40 and u n d e r $ 1. 4 5 --------------------------------------- 2. 8 2. 2 1 .6 1. 7 3. 4 2. 5 8. 7 1. 7 1. 1 1. 9 2. 2 1. 3 1. 5 1. 9 5. 5 13. 3$ 1. 45 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 5 0 --------------------------------------- 1 .6 1.7 . 6 1 .6 2. 0 1. 7 2. 9 . 8 1 .6 . 6 3. 4 2. 1 2. 4 1. 7 . 4 4. 7$ 1. 50 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 6 0 __________________________ 4. 3 5. 5 2. 9 3. 0 4. 9 6. 8 6. 8 13. 6 2. 7 2. 3 4. 4 5. 9 3. 7 7. 1 10. 8 7. 2$ 1 .6 0 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 7 0 __________________________ 3. 2 3. 8 4. 2 4. 0 2. 8 3. 7 1. 2 4. 8 2. 9 3. 0 2. 2 5. 3 3. 2 3. 2 7. 8 5. 6$ 1. 70 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 8 0 __________________________ 4. 7 4. 8 6. 3 5. 1 3. 8 4. 6 5. 9 4. 5 8. 7 9. 3 4. 1 2. 7 1. 7 3. 0 6. 8 12. 9$ 1. 80 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 9 0 --------------------------------------- 4. 9 3. 6 9. 8 5. 8 2. 7 2. 4 1. 2 1. 5 3. 8 2. 9 2. 4 3. 0 1. 8 1. 1 9. 6 7. 6$ 1 . 9 0 and u n d e r $ 2. 0 0 __________________________ 4. 3 5. 9 11. 0 13. 9 1. 1 1. 6 . 9 1. 1 2. 5 6. 7 4. 1 2. 0 . 6 . 8 . 4 1. 1$ 2. 00 an d u n d e r $ 2. 10__________________________ 3. 9 4. 3 5. 3 6. 3 3. 4 3. 2 5. 4 4. 5 3. 5 . 7 2. 2 2. 5 3. 1 3. 3 3. 9 5. 7$ 2 . 10 and u n d e r $ 2 . 2 0 __________________________ 3. 7 3. 1 8. 4 6. 9 1. 5 1. 0 1. 5 1 .9 . 8 . 2 1. 3 1. 0 1. 5 . 5 3. 7 . 3$ 2. 20 an d u n d e r $ 2. 30 __________________________ 2. 4 3. 0 4. 1 5. 0 1. 7 1. 9 4. 0 3. 2 2. 1 1. 0 1. 6 2. 7 1 .0 2. 0 1. 7 1. 5$ 2. 30 and u n d e r $ 2 . 4 0 __________________________ 1 .9 2. 0 3. 6 3. 7 1. 2 1. 0 . 7 1 . 4 1. 8 . 4 . 9 . 4 1. 5 1. 5 . 4 2. 3$ 2. 40 an d u n d e r $ 2 . 5 0 __________________________ 1 .9 2. 3 2. 9 5. 2 1 . 4 . 8 . 1 . 1 5 . 9 3. 3 1. 0 . 3 . 3 1. 1 1. 5 . 5$ 2. 50 a n d u n d e r $ 2. 6 0 --------------------------------------- 2. 7 2. 8 5. 3 3. 3 1. 5 2. 5 2. 6 5. 0 2. 4 7. 0 . 8 . 6 . 7 . 8 4. 4 1. 5$ 2 . 6 0 a n d und e r $ 2 . 7 0 --------------------------------------- 1 .9 1 .9 1 .4 3. 7 2. 1 . 8 1. 7 1. 3 8. 0 1. 3 _ . 6 1 . 4 . 3 4. 4 2. 7$ 2. 70 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 8 0 __________________________ 1. 8 1. 9 2. 4 2. 5 1. 5 1. 5 . 5 . 4 11. 6 11. 3 _ . 1 . 3 . 3 . 1 . 1$ 2. 80 and u n d e r $ 2. 9 0 __________________________ 2. 2 1. 3 4. 1 1. 9 1. 4 1. 0 . 7 . 8 6. 5 3. 6 _ . 3 . 3 . 5 3. 3 _

$ 2. 90 a n d u n d e r $ 3. 0 0 __________________________ . 8 1 .4 . 1 2. 6 1. 2 . 8 4. 4 . 2 1. 4 5. 1 - . 1 . 6 . 7 - -$ 3 . 0 0 a n d o v e r ___________________________________ 6. 7 7. 4 5. 9 5. 1 7. 1 8. 6 25. 3 22. 3 6. 6 9. 1 . 6 . 7 2. 6 3. 3 8. 3 10. 2

T o t a l ------------------------------------------------------------ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0N u m b e r of w o r k e r s ( in h u n d r e d s ) ______________ 150 158 47 55 103 102 18 19 12 1 1 11 13 39 33 7 7A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s _________________________ $ 1 .6 3 $1. 74 $1. 94 $1. 99 $1. 49 $ 1 . 6 0 $2. 09 $2. 05 $2. 04 $2. 06 $1. 33 $1. 39 $1. 20 $1. 40 $1. 86 $1. 84

1 S e e fo o t n o t e 1, t a b l e 1.2 S e e f o o tn o te 2, t a b l e 1.3 I n c l u d e s n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y .N O T E : B e c a u s e of ro u n d i n g , s u m s of in d iv id u a l i t e m s m a y no t e q u a l 100.


Table 8. Tuscaloosa, Ala. coo( P e r c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t i o n of n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s by a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , 1



i n d u s t r i e sM a n u f a c t u r in g




an d p u b l i c u t i l i t i e sW h o l e s a l e


Ju n e1961

Ju ne1962

Ju n e1961

J u n e1962

Ju n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

Ju n e1961

J u n e1962

Ju n e1961

J u n e1962

U n d e r $ 0 .5 0 _________________________________________ 2.9 1.6 0.2 0.4 5.4 2.6 _ 0.6 _ . _ _ 8 .4 1.5$ 0 .5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 5 5 _____________________________ 1.4 1.2 .2 .3 2.6 2.0 _ _ _ _ _ _ 3.1 .9$ 0 .5 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 6 0 _____________________________ .8 .8 (4 ) - 1.5 1.5 - - 0.2 - - - 2.4 3.0$ 0 .6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 6 5 -------------------------------------------- 1.5 1.2 .3 .2 2.7 2.1 - 1.1 - - - - 4.6 3.5$ 0 .6 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 0 _____________________________ 1.1 1.1 (4) . 1 2.0 2.0 - - - - - - 3.5 2.9$ 0 . 7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 5 _____________________________ .9 1.1 (4 > - 1.9 2. 1 - - - 0.4 - 0.6 2.7 2.6$ 0 .7 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 8 0 _____________________________ 2.5 1.0 (4 ) _ 4.9 1.9 0.1 _ _ _ 0.4 _ 9.4 3.0$ 0 .8 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 8 5 -------------------------------------------- 2.1 1.2 .4 (4 ) 3.7 2.2 - - .2 . 1 - - 5.5 3.0$ 0 .8 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 9 0 _____________________________ 1.4 1.2 . 1 . 1 2.5 2.3 - .3 .3 . 1 .4 .4 3.9 3.2$ 0 .9 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 9 5 _____________________________ 1.2 1.4 .4 . 1 1.9 2.6 - - .2 - .8 .8 3.7 6.1$ 0 .9 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 0 0 _____________________________ .8 .9 . 1 .2 1.6 1.6 - - .3 .3 - ' 2.8 2.7$ 1 .0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 0 5 -------------------------------------------- 11.0 5.7 10. 1 1.3 12.0 9.9 6.8 3.8 11.1 .3 24.1 .4 11.9 20.9$ 1 .0 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 1 0 -------------------------------------------- 1.4 1.1 .7 .1 2.1 2.0 .5 .2 .5 .9 1.8 - 3.8 3.6$ 1 .1 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 1 5 -------------------------------------------- 2.6 1.2 1.4 .2 3.8 2.2 2.3 .9 1.7 .9 8.3 2.5 4.0 3.2$ 1 .1 5 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 2 0 ------------------------------------------- 3.2 10.4 2.4 11.7 3.9 9.3 3.9 5.7 2.1 18.8 15.6 38.3 3.2 5.5$ 1 . 2 0 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 2 5 -------------------------------------------- 1.6 2.5 1.0 1.5 2.1 3.3 .4 1.9 2.7 6.1 5.9 7.5 1.3 2.8$ 1 .2 5 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 3 0 -------------------------------------------- 3.5 4.9 2.0 3.0 4.9 6.6 8.6 9.6 7.5 10.5 6.9 7.0 3.3 3.4$ 1 .3 0 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 3 5 -------------------------------------------- 1.2 1.6 .8 1.4 1.4 1.9 . 1 1.3 1.5 1.5 3.6 3.9 1.8 2 .0$ 1 .3 5 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 4 0 ------------------------------------------- 1.7 2.1 .7 1.2 2.5 2.9 1.5 1.3 2.9 2.8 1.2 5.4 2.8 3.7$ 1 .4 0 an d u n d e r $ 1 . 4 5 -------------------------------------------- 1.2 1.2 .5 . 6 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.4 2.3 4.7 3.1 1.4 1.4$ 1 .4 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 5 0 -------------------------------------------- .6 1.0 .3 .4 .8 1.6 .3 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.6 1.7 .8 1.6$ 1 .5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 6 0 -------------------------------------------- 4.5 5.0 1.5 1.8 7.2 8.0 17.1 23.6 14.7 5.5 5.9 7.2 3.0 3.1$ 1 .6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 7 0 -------------------------------------------- 2.6 2.3 1.0 1.3 4.3 3.3 7.0 2.5 8.3 9.2 3.6 4.3 2.8 1.7$ 1 .7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 8 0 -------------------------------------------- 4.1 2.9 5.6 2.5 2.6 3.2 3.2 2.8 4.1 3.3 2.0 4. 1 1.7 4.2$ 1 .8 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 9 0 -------------------------------------------- 4.6 4.3 7.5 6.9 2.0 1.9 .6 .9 5.3 4 .0 2.8 2.1 1.7 1.6$ 1 .9 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 0 0 -------------------------------------------- 3.4 3.4 5.4 5.9 1.5 1.0 .6 . 1 3.8 .5 2.0 1.9 . 6 .9$ 2 .0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 1 0 -------------------------------------------- 5.6 5.4 9.5 9.4 2.0 1.6 5.8 3.8 3.3 .8 1.4 1.9 .5 1.2$ 2 .1 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 2 0 -------------------------------------------- 2.4 3.0 4.5 5.1 .5 1.2 . 6 .8 1.5 2.7 . 6 2.1 .4 .9$ 2 .2 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 3 0 -------------------------------------------- 2.7 2.6 3.8 3.9 1.8 1.4 4.9 2.3 3.6 1.7 1.2 - .4 .9$ 2 .3 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 4 0 -------------------------------------------- 2.7 1.7 4.2 2.8 1.3 .7 1.5 - 2.4 2.1 1.2 . 6 .8 . 6$ 2 .4 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 5 0 -------------------------------------------- 1.4 2.1 1.8 3.6 .9 .7 1.7 .4 1.4 .9 .4 . 6 .4 .3$ 2 .5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 6 0 -------------------------------------------- 2.6 1.7 3.3 1.8 2.0 1.7 5.3 2.1 2.0 4.8 1.4 1.7 1.2 .7$ 2 .6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 7 0 -------------------------------------------- 3.9 2.2 6.5 3.7 1.4 .9 3.4 2.2 4.2 .8 .4 .6 .2 .6$ 2 .7 0 an d u n d e r $ 2 . 8 0 -------------------------------------------- 3.3 4.4 6.1 7.8 .7 1.2 2.1 2.4 .9 3.9 .8 - (4 ) .4$ 2 .8 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 9 0 -------------------------------------------- 3.6 2.8 5.9 5.2 1.4 .5 1.3 i . i 8.9 1.3 . 6 .8 .2 . i$ 2 .9 0 an d u n d e r $ 3 . 0 0 -------------------------------------------- 2.6 3.1 4.7 5.3 .6 1.2 2.0 .9 .6 7.1 - .4 .5$3 . 00 a n d o v e r ------------------------------------------------------- 5.4 8.7 6.7 10.6 4.1 7.1 17.0 23.8 1.4 4.3 .2 .4 1.1 2.0

T o t a l -------------------------------------------------------------- 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

N u m b e r of w o r k e r s ( in h u n d r e d s ) -----------------------A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s --------------------------------------

150$1 .7 2

148$1.81

73$2 .1 0

73 $2 .1 5

77$ 1 .3 6

75$1 .4 8

12$2 .0 3

13$2 .0 3

7$ 1 .7 6

7$2 .0 3

5$1 .3 3

5$1 .3 9

31$1 .0 7

31$1 .21

1 S e e fo o tn o te 1, t a b l e 1.2 S ee fo o tn o te 2, t a b l e 1.3 I n c l u d e s n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s in a d d i t i o n to t h o s e sh o w n s e p a r a t e l y .4 L e s s t h a n 0.0 5 p e r c e n t .N O T E : B e c a u s e of r o u n d i n g , s u m s of i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s m a y no t e q u a l 100.


Table 9. Wichita Falls, Tex.( P e r c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t i o n of n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s by a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , 1







a n d p u b l i c u t i l i t i e sW h o l e s a l e



a n d r e a l e s t a t eJ u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

J u n e1961

J u n e1962

Ju ne1961

Ju ne1962

U n d e r $ 0 . 5 0 ------------------------------------------------------------ 0.5 ' 0.6 _ _ 0.6 0.7 _ _ _ _ _ 0.1 0.8 0.4 _ _

$ 0 .5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 5 5 _____________________________ 1.8 .3 _ _ 2.2 .4 _ _ _ _ _ _ 4.0 .1 0.8 _

$ 0 .5 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 6 0 _____________________________ .5 .4 - - .6 .5 - - - - _ - 1.1 .7 - _$ 0 .6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 6 5 . __________________________ 1.0 .8 _ - 1.2 .9 - - - _ - - 2.2 .5 - _$ 0 .6 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 0 _____________________________ .5 .4 - - .6 .4 - - - - - - .5 . 6 .8 .$ 0 .7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 7 5 _______________ -____________ .8 .6 n - .9 .8 - - - - - - 1.3 1.4 .8 -$ 0 .7 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 8 0 _____________________________ 3.8 1.9 (4 ) 0.4 4.6 2.3 0.1 _ _ _ _ .5 8.6 3.6 3.3 _$ 0 .8 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 8 5 ------------------------------------------- 1.8 .9 .1 2.2 i . i - - - - - - 2.5 1.6 .4 1.2$ 0 .8 5 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 9 0 _____________________________ 2.0 .8 - - 2.4 1.0 .3 - - - - - 4.0 1.9 .1 .2$ 0 .9 0 a n d u n d e r $ 0 . 9 5 _____________________________ 1.7 1.1 - _ 2.0 1.4 - - - _ - 1.0 2.7 1.6 4.5 _$ 0 .9 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 0 0 _____________________________ .6 .8 - .1 .8 1.0 - - - - - - 1.2 1.4 1.0 .3$ 1 .0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 0 5 _____________________________ 9.4 4.5 10.9 . 6 9.1 5.4 1.7 _ 1.0 _ 11.3 .5 14.8 11.2 4.6 1.4$ 1 .0 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 1 0 ------------------------------------------- 1.7 2.0 1.6 . 1 1.6 2.4 - 0.7 .5 0.1 .9 2.6 3.0 4.8 .3 .4$ 1 .1 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1. 15------------------------------------------- 3.1 2.5 3.3 . i 3.0 3.0 .4 - 2.6 .7 2.5 - 4.6 5.2 .6 3.9$ 1 .1 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 2 0 ------------------------------------------- 3.7 6.8 5.3 12.2 3.3 5.6 .6 1.6 3.9 5.3 11.7 17.9 3.4 6.0 1.8 1.5$ 1 .2 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 2 5 _____________________________ 2.5 2.1 4.1 2.0 2.2 2.1 .1 .2 .7 3.5 3.5 3.3 2.5 2.1 2.8 2.1$ 1 .2 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 3 0 _____________________________ 8.4 10.0 3.9 8 .0 9.3 10.5 17.0 20.3 6.2 5.1 9.0 10.4 8.7 7.9 13.1 15.9$ 1 .3 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 3 5 ------------------------------------------- 2.5 2.8 2.0 3.9 2.6 2.6 .7 .3 .9 2.3 4.3 5.2 4.1 2.7 1.2 5.2$ 1 .3 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 4 0 ------------------------------------------- 3.0 3.7 4.4 5.7 2.7 3.3 5.2 4.7 2.2 4.2 5.9 2.8 2.0 4 .0 3.1 2.4$ 1 .4 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 4 5 ------------------------------------------- 3.8 3.7 4.7 5.1 3.6 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.6 4.2 3.1 8.0 3.6 3.0 4.7 3.3$ 1 .4 5 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 5 0 _____________________________ 1.0 2.1 1.9 3.6 .9 1.7 .4 .7 .9 2.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.6 2.1 7.1$ 1 .5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 6 0 _____________________________ 6.0 7.5 6.2 8.7 6.0 7.2 8.0 9.0 8.6 11.4 9.7 6.4 3.4 4.9 6.3 14.5$ 1 .6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 7 0 ------------------------------------------- 4.7 4.0 5.1 4.2 4.7 4.0 1.1 2.7 5.9 5.1 7.5 5.8 3.9 4.4 10.8 3.0$ 1 .7 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 8 0 ------------------------------------------- 4.0 5.0 3.2 6.1 4.1 4.8 8 .4 5.8 5.8 3.4 4.0 8 .0 1.9 4.4 10.2 8.0$ 1 .8 0 a n d u n d e r $ 1 . 9 0 ------------------------------------------- 3.3 4.2 3.6 4.9 3.3 4.1 1.5 .9 9.9 8.3 3.2 4.8 1.9 2.6 8.7 6.8$ 1 .9 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 0 0 _______________ ___________ 2.5 2.4 3.6 3.4 2.2 2.2 3.5 .3 3.6 3.3 2.8 1.9 1.0 2.7 3.2 2.4$ 2 .0 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 1 0 ------------------------------------------- 3.4 4.2 3.7 4.5 3.3 4.1 5.1 6.9 3.7 2.9 5.0 5.3 2.4 3.4 2.1 1.4$ 2 .1 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 2 0 ------------------------------------------- 2.5 2.2 4.9 2.3 2.0 2.2 .8 1.0 5.1 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.0 2.5 1.9 5.0$ 2 .2 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 3 0 _____________________________ 3.4 3.5 6.9 6.1 2.7 2.9 7.3 7.5 1.6 1.6 1.8 3.3 1.7 1.3 2.5 3.1$ 2 .3 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 4 0 _____________________________ 2.1 2.0 4.4 2.3 1.6 1.9 .6 .1 3.3 4.3 2.0 1.6 1.7 1.6 2.8 3.8$ 2 .4 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 5 0 _____________________________ 1.9 2.1 1.2 5.1 2.0 1.4 .3 1.2 2.4 3.5 .2 .3 .9 .9 3.8 1.5$ 2 .5 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 6 0 ------------------------------------------- 2.1 2.2 2.6 1.5 2.0 2.4 8.4 4.6 3.0 4.7 _ 1.1 .3 1.0 .2 1.4$ 2 .6 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 7 0 ------------------------------------------- .8 1.1 1.5 1.0 .7 1.1 .6 1.0 2.9 1.1 .3 2.7 . 6 1.0 .4 1.4$ 2 .7 0 an d u n d e r $ 2 . 8 0 ------------------------------------------- 1.5 1.6 2.2 1.1 1.3 1.7 1.4 1.5 4.7 6.1 _ . 1 1.0 1.4 .2 .3$ 2 .8 0 a n d u n d e r $ 2 . 9 0 _____________________________ 1.3 1.1 2.1 1.3 1.2 1.1 .2 .3 5.6 4.3 4.4 .6 .2 .4 .1 .1$ 2 .9 0 a n d u n d e r $ 3 . 0 0 ------------------------------------------- 1.2 1.5 2.9 1.8 .9 1.4 - .7 5.3 6.6 .7 .1 .2 .5 - 1.2$ 3 .0 0 an d o v e r ------------------------------------------------------- 5.2 6.4 3.8 3.8 5.4 7.0 22.8 24.6 6.2 4.1 3.3 2.7 1.3 4.6 .6 1.4

T o t a l ------------------------------------------------------------- 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10 0.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

N u m b e r of w o r k e r s ( in h u n d r e d s ) _______________ 153 149 27 28 126 122 18 15 15 17 11 13 52 44 11 11A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s _________________________ $1 .59 $1 .7 0 $ 1 .7 7 $1 .7 6 $1 .5 5 $1 .6 8 $ 2 .1 4 $ 2 .1 4 $ 2 .0 2 $ 1 .9 7 $1 .5 9 $ 1 .6 0 $1 .28 $ 1 .5 2 $1 .56 $1 .65

1 S e e fo o tn o te 1, t a b l e 1.2 S e e f o o tn o te 2, t a b l e 1.3 I n c l u d e s n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s in ad d i t i o n to t h o s e s h o w n s e p a r a t e l y .4 L e s s t h a n 0.0 5 p e r c e n t .N O T E : B e c a u s e of r o u n d i n g , s u m s of in d iv id u a l i t e m s m a y no t e q u a l 100.



A p p e n d ix A . S c o p e an d M e th o d o f S u rvey

Scope of Survey

The su rvey of selected m etropolitan areas in the South with populations between 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 and 1 5 0 ,0 0 0 (according to the I960 census) included the follow ing: A m a rillo , T ex . (P otter and Randall Counties); A sh e v ille , N .C . (Buncom be County); D urham , N .C . (Durham County); H u n tsville , A la . (M adison County); Lake C h a rle s , L a . (C alcasieu P a rish ); Lexington, K y . (F ayette County); M onroe, L a . (Ouachita P a rish ); T u sc a lo o sa , A la . (T u sca lo o sa County); and W ichita F a lls , T ex . (A rch er and W ichita Counties). Included w ere establish m en ts with one or m ore em p loy ees, and auxiliary units affiliated with and servin g the various esta b lish m ents (i. e . , w areh ou ses, cen tral o ffic e s , la b o ra to ries , pow erplants, e tc .) within each of the a re a s . M ajor industry divisions within the scope of the su rvey w ere: (1) Mining (except petroleum and natural gas); (2) contract construction ; (3) m anufacturing; (4) transportation (except ra ilro a d s), com m unication, e le c tr ic , g a s , and sanitary se r v ic e s ; (5) w h olesale trade; (6) retail trade; (7) finance, in su ran ce, and rea l estate ; and (8) se rv ic e s (except nonprofit re lig io u s , ch aritab le , educational, and humane organ ization s). M ajor industry divisions excluded w ere agriculture and governm ent.

The data relate to a ll n on su p ervisory em p loy ees, except outside sa le sp e rso n s , for represen tative payroll periods ending n earest June 15, 1961, and June 15, 1962.

Sam ple D esign

State agencies which adm inister the unem ploym ent insurance laws furnished lists of a ll establish m en ts covered by these laws in each a re a , showing location , em ploym ent, and industry c la ssifica tio n . F ro m these lis ts , a sam ple of establish m en ts was selected using a stratified sam ple design with variab le sam pling ratios based on optim um allocation depending on kind of industrial activity and em ploym ent s iz e . To obtain an appropriate degree of accu racy at m inim um c o st , the sam ple within each m ajor industry division con sisted of a greater proportion of large than of sm a ll esta blish m en ts. G en erally , each establish m en t's chance of being included in the sam ple was roughly proportionate to its em ploym ent s ize . Although separate sam ples w ere prepared for the 1961 and 1962 su rv ey s, a substantial proportion of the la rg er establish m en ts w ere included in both su rvey s.

Method of C ollection

P rim a ry data used in the tabulations w ere obtained la rg e ly by m ail qu estion n aires. C ollection s w ere m ade in 1961 and again in 1962. The B u reau 's field econ om ists m ade p erson al v isits to bu sin ess firm s em ploying rela tiv ely large num bers of w orkers and to a sam ple of the nonrespondents to the m a il qu estion n aires.

E stim atin g P rocedu res

Data for each sam pling unit w ere weighted according to the probability of the unit's inclusion in the sa m p le . F or exam p le, when 1 out of 10 establish m en ts in an in d u stry -s ize c la ss was selected for study, data for this establishm ent w ere given a weight of 10, thus represen tin g the establishm ent studied and the 9 not studied in that c la s s . T h erefo re , estim ates based on the establish m en ts studied relate to a ll establish m en ts in the industry groups within the a rea . Data for establish m en ts with 1 to 3 em p loy ees, which w ere not included in the State listin g s, w ere im puted to the establish m en ts with 4 to 10 em p loy ees.

No assum ption has been m ade that the wage stru ctu res of the nonrespondents w ere sim ila r to those of the respondents. To m in im ize the bias of non resp on se, data obtained from a sam ple of the nonrespondents to the m a il questionnaire w ere weighted to represent a ll other nonrespondents.

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E m ploym en t. The advance planning n e c e ssa ry to m ake a wage survey requ ires the use of lis ts of establish m en ts a ssem b led con siderably in advance of the p ayroll period studied. Consequently, establish m en ts new to the u n iverse subsequent to the com pilation of esta b lish ment listings w ere not included in the su rvey . In addition, there was a lack of p recise inform ation for establish m en ts with few er than four em p loy ees. T h u s, estim ates of the num ber of w orkers within the scope of the su rvey and of p e r io d -to -p e r io d em ploym ent changes are intended only as a general guide to the size of the labor fo rce included in the su rvey , and to em ploym ent changes.

D efinition of T e r m s

M etropolitan areas as used in this report re fers to those city and county areas defined by the Bureau of the Budget as Standard M etropolitan Statistical A r e a s . Under the sponsorship of the Bureau of the Budget, certain c r ite r ia , such as population, m etropolitan ch a ra cter , and econom ic and so cia l integration have been establish ed to m ake it possib le for all F ed era l sta tistic a l agencies to utilize the sam e geographic boundaries in publishing sta tistica l data for m etropolitan a re a s . M etropolitan areas include counties containing at least 1 cen tral city with a population of 5 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore as w ell as those adjacent counties that are found to be m etropolitan in ch aracter and econ om ically and so cia lly integrated with the county containing the central c ity . F o r a m ore detailed description of m etropolitan a re a s , see Standard M etropolitan Statistical A r e a s , prepared by the Bureau of the Budget in 1961.

E stab lish m en t. An establishm ent is gen erally defined as a single p h ysical location w here bu sin ess is conducted. B ecau se the su rvey was conducted on a m etropolitan area basis (as opposed to an industry b a s is ) , data w ere requested for a ll establish m en ts of the reporting unit located within the specified a re a . A u x iliary un its, such as w a reh ou ses, o ffic e s , repair sh op s, and la b o ra to ries , w ere a lso included in the su rvey as part of the reporting unit.

N on su pervisory E m p lo y e e s . Included in this group are em p loyees below the su p e r v iso ry le v e l, such as m in e r s , production w o rk ers, office and c le r ic a l w o rk ers , inside s a le s p e rso n s , routem en, rep airm en , m aintenance w o rk e rs , installation m en , cafeteria em p loy ees, custodial w o rk ers , tru c k d riv e rs , etc. Excluded fro m this group are outside sa le sp e r so n s , ex ecu tiv es, p r o fe ss io n a ls , and su p e rv iso rs .

Earnings D ata . F or purposes of this study, earnings data relate to stra ig h t-tim e hourly earnin gs, excluding prem iu m pay for overtim e w ork, and for w ork on w eekends, h olidays, and late sh ifts . C o st -o f -l iv in g and incentive paym en ts, such as those resulting fro m piecew ork or production bonus sy s te m s , are con sidered part of the w o rk er 's regular pay, but nonproduction paym ents, such as C h ristm as or yearend b on u ses, are not. Earnings of w orkers not paid on an hourly basis w ere converted to an hourly rate by dividing the total stra ig h t-tim e earnings reported by the num ber of hours paid for during the payroll period . Group average hourly earnings published in this bulletin (except for reta il trade) w ere obtained by dividing the sum of the hourly earnings by the num ber of individuals represen ted in the group total. Group average hourly earnings for reta il trade w ere obtained by dividing the sum of the hourly earnings by the num ber of hours w orked. This procedure was used because of the wide variation of w ork schedules for retail em p loy ees.

Industry G ro u p s. The industry groups used in this su rvey are com p letely defined in the 1957 edition of the Standard Industrial C la ssification M anual, prepared by the Bureau of the Budget.

R etail Trade E stab lish m en ts Subject to the F a ir Labor Standards A ct

G en erally , re ta il establishm ents which becam e subject to the provision s of the F a ir Labor Standards A ct on Septem ber 3, 1961 , included those establish m en ts with $ 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore in annual s a le s , exclu sive of ex cise taxes at the reta il le v e l, which are part of en terp r ise s with $ 1 m illio n or m ore in annual s a le s ; gasoline se rv ic e stations with $ 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 or m ore in annual sa le s . C entral o ffices and w arehouses of a ll re ta il en terp rises w ere gen erally covered by the F L S A prior to the 1961 am endm ents. Excluded from this group, reg ard le ss of sa les volu m e, are fa rm equipment and m otor vehicle d e a le r s , and eating and drinking p la c e s , as w ell as food serv ice em ployees in departm ent, lim ited p rice v a riety , and d r u g sto re s .


A p p e n d ix B. Q u e s tio n n a ir e

Budget Bureau No. 44—R1167. Approval exp ires 6 - 3 0 -6 3 .U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR

BUREAU O F LABOR ST A T IST IC SW a s h in g t o n 25, D.C.

W AGES AND SA LAR IES O F NON SU PERVISO RY E M P L O Y E E S

C O M P A N Y ID E N TIFIC A TIO N :

This report should cover all establishments of your company located in the county specified above. Include auxiliary units such as warehouses, offices, repair shops, and research laboratories, etc. Do not report data for any establishment located outside of the designated county.

T T Y P E O F BUSINESS:

Indicate your m ajor bu sin ess activity (e. g. , eating and drinking p la c e s , contract construction, m ining, m anufacturing, w holesale trade, etc. ) and your prin cipal product or serv ice based on value of sa les or receip ts (e . g. , crude petroleu m , se a m le ss h osiery , g ro c e r ie s , etc. ). Typical exam ples of proper entries are: Mining— coal; m anufacturing— textile m ach in ery; banking; autom obile repair shops; restau ran ts, etc.

T P A Y R O L L PER IOD : ~

The em ploym ent, wage, and sa lary data reported should correspond to your payroll period (for exam ple, w eekly, biw eekly , or m onthly) ending n earest June 15,1962

Indicate the dates for the p a yro ll period used. If the length of the p a yro ll period v aries among em p loyees, enter the dates affecting the greatest num ber.

F ro m ____________________________________ , 1962, to ______________________________________ , 1962.

3 . ' E M P L O Y M E N T IN ESTAB LISH M EN TS AND A U X IL IA R Y UNITS CO VER ED BYR E P O R T :

A . T o t a l ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----------------------

Enter total number o f employees (full-time and part-time) who received pay for any part o f the payroll period. Do not include proprietors, members o f unincorporated firms, unpaid family workers, or pensioners.

B. N on su pervisory em ployees (except outside sa le sm e n )------------------ -----------------------

Enter total number o f wage and salary employees (full-time and part-time) below the supervisory level who received pay for any part o f the payroll period. Working supervisors who spend less than 20 percent o f their time at supervisory duties should be classified as nonsupervisory. Include such workers as miners, production workers, office and clerical workers, salespersons, routemen, repairmen, maintenance workers, installation men, cafeteria employees, waiters, custodial workers, truckdrivers, etc. Do not include outside salesmen, force-account construction workers, and executive, administrative, professional, and supervisory employees.

4. Do you want a copy of the B u reau 's report on this s u r v e y ? ----------- Y es ] ) No 1 )

N am e and title of person furnishing d a ta _____________________ __________________________________(P lease type or prin t)

BLS USE ONLYSchedulenumber Area Reg. State City

size SICcodeE st.size Weight Special

charac.

BLS 2704 (Rev. ’ 62)

Your report will be held in confidence

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5. WAGES AND SALARIES OF NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES:Wage data are requested for the payroll period ending n earest June 15, 1962.The total number of em ployees for whom data are reported should correspond with the number of nonsupervisory em ployees entered in item 3-B on page 1. Earnings data should be reported for each of th ese w ork ers. If hourly rates or earnings and hours are iden tica l for two or m ore w orkers of the sam e sex , you m ay m ake a combined entry. Do not, how ever, report aggregate earnings and hours for sev era l w ork ers. Instructions for entering data for different methods of wage paym ent are listed below.

Method of Wage Paym ent

U se colum ns 1, 2, and 3. Enter each stra igh t-tim e hourly rate in the estab lish m en t in colum n 3; the number of em p loyees of the sam e sex at each rate in colum n 2; and indicate whether the em ployee is m ale (M) or fem ale (F) in colum n 1.

U se colum ns 1, 2, 4, and 5. Enter each stra igh t-tim e---- sa lary rate in the estab lish m en t in colum n 4; the numberof hours worked during the sa lary period in colum n 5; the number of em p loyees of the sam e sex for each salary rate and hours entry in colum n 2; and indicate whether the em ployee is m ale (M) or fem ale (F) in colum n 1.

U se colum ns 1, 2, 4, and 5. Enter for each em ployee total stra igh t-tim e incen tive earnings in colum n 4; the num ber — of hours worked during the incen tive pay period in c o lumn 5; the number of em p loyees of the sam e se x for each earnings and hours entry in colum n 2; and indicate whether the em ployee is m ale (M) or fem ale (F) in colum n 1. If average hourly earnings excluding overtim e and shift prem ium pay are read ily availab le , enter such averages for each incentive w orker in colum n 3 and leave c o lumns 4 and 5 blank.U se colum ns 1, 2, 4, and 5. Enter for each em ployee total stra igh t-tim e sa la ry (or hourly rate) and incentive ea rn ings in colum n 4; the num ber of hours worked during the sa la ry and incentive p ayroll period in colum n 5; the num ber of em p loyees of the sam e sex for each earnings and hours entry in colum n 2; and indicate whether the em ployee is m ale (M) or fem ale (F) in colum n 1. If the incen tive earnings cover a period longer than the sa lary payroll period reported , add only the prorated amount of the incentive earnings that correspond with the hours reported in colum n 5.

NOTE: EXCLUDE PREMIUM PAY FOR OVERTIME AND FOR WORK ON WEEKENDS, HOLIDAYS, AND LATE SHIFTS FROM ALL WAGE AND SALARY DATA REPORTED.

Incentive (piecew ork, bonus, or com m ission) plus sa lary (or hourly rate)

Straight incentive (p iecew ork, bonus, or com m ission s)

Salary rate

H ourly rate

Exam ples of how to report for different m ethods of pay are shown on en closed exam ple sheet.


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5. W AG ES AND SA LAR IES O F NON SU PERVISO RY E M P L O Y E E S :-----Continued

N O TE : E X C L U D E PR E M IU M P A Y FOR O V E R T IM E AND FO R W ORK ON W E EK EN D S,H O L ID A YS, AN D L A T E SHIFTS FRO M A L L W A G E AND S A L A R Y D A T A R EP O R TE D

Sex(MorF)

(1)

Numberofwo rk - ers

(2)

Straight-tim ehourly-rate

(3)

Straight-tim esalary or incentive earnings

( 4 )

Number of hours worked during sa lary or incentive payroll period (5)

Sex(MorF)

(1)

Numberofw orkers

U )

Straight-tim ehourlyrate

(3)____

Straight-tim esa lary or incentive earnings

____(4)

Number of hours worked during sa lary or incentive payroll period ____(5)

$ $ $ $

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1964 0 -7 3 8 -4 7 3



BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES
