bls_1247_1959.pdf

Union Wages and Hours:

P rin tin g Industry

J u ly 1, 1958

a n d

T ren d 1 9 0 7 -5 8

Bulletin No. 1247U N ITE D STA TES D EP A R TM EN T OF LABOR ( f \

James P. Mitchell, Secretarym Si

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS \ m 8 /Ewan Clague, Commissioner

Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

U n io n W a g e s a n d H o u rs :

P r in t in g In d u s try

J u ly 1, 1958

a n d

T ren d 1 9 0 7 -5 8

Bulletin No. 1247May 1959

U N ITE D STATES D EP A R TM EN T OF LABOR

James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Commissioner

F o r s a l e b y th e S u p e r in t e n d e n t o f D o c u m e n ts , U .S . G o v e r n m e n t P r in t in g O f f i c e , W a s h i n g t o n 2 5 , D .C . P r i c e 3 5 c e n t s


Preface

T he U. S . D e p a r tm e n t o f L a b o r s B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta t is t ic s c o n d u c ts annual s u r v e y s o f w a g e r a te s and s c h e d u le d h o u r s o f w o r k f o r s p e c i f ie d c r a ft s o r jo b s as p r o v id e d in la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n ts in fo u r in d u s t r i e s : B u ild in g c o n s t r u c t io n , p r in t in g , l o c a l t r a n s it , andlo c a l tr u ck in g . The s tu d ie s p r e s e n t the w a g e r a te s in e f fe c t as o f Ju ly 1 o f e a c h y e a r as r e p o r t e d to the B u re a u b y the a p p r o p r ia te l o c a l la b o r o r g a n iz a t io n s in e a ch o f the c i t i e s .

In fo rm a t io n on the u n io n s c a le s and h o u r s p r e v a ilin g in e a ch c it y is a v a i la b le in A u g u st u p on r e q u e s t to the B u r e a u s r e g io n a l o f f i c e s . A n a tio n w id e s u m m a r y r e p o r t o f r a te s in the p r in t in g tr a d e s w as is s u e d in D e c e m b e r 19 58 . T h is b u lle t in p r o v id e s a d d it io n a l data and in d e x e s o f the tren d o f w a g e s and h o u r s f o r the p e r io d 1 9 0 7 -5 8 . It w as p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u s D iv is io n o f W a g e s and In d u s tr ia l R e la t io n s b y John F . L a c is k e y a s s is te d b y A lo y s iu s R . P f e f f e r .

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ContentsPage

Sum m ary ___________________________________________________________________________ 1Scope and m ethod o f s tu d y ________________________________________________________ 1T rend and sca le changes ________________________________________________________ 2Rate variations by type o f w o r k ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2City and reg ional variations -____________________________________________________ 3Standard w orkw eek _______________________________________________________________ 4Health, insurance, and pension plans ___________________________________________ 4Union sca les by city and trade __________________________________________________ 5.

T able s :

1. Indexes o f union hourly wage sca les in the printingtra d es , 1907-58 ________________________________________________________ 7

2. Indexes o f union hourly wage sca les in each printingtrade, 1907-58 __________________________________________________________ 8

3. P ercen t changes in union wage rates and percent o f unionprinting trades w ork ers a ffected , July 1, 1957July 1, 1958 _____ 10

4 . C en ts -p er -h ou r in crea ses in union wage rates and percentof union printing trades w orkers a ffected ,July 1, 1957July 1, 1958 _____________________________________________ 10

5. A verage union hourly wage rates in the printing trades,July 1, 1958, and in crea ses in ra tes ,July 1, 1957July 1, 1958 ____________________________________________ 11

60 In creases in union wage rates in the printing trades by c ity ,reg ion , and industry branch , July 1, 1957July 1, 1958 ___________ 12

7. D istribution o f union m em bers in the printing trades by hourlywage rates and by trade, July 1, 1958 _______________________________ 13

8. A verage union hourly wage rates in the printing trades by cityand population group, July 1, 1958 ___________________________________ 14

9. A verage union hourly wage rates in the printing trades by reg ionand by trade, July 1, 1958 ____________________________________________ 15

10. D istribution o f union m em bers in the printing tradesby stra igh t-tim e w eekly hou rs, July 1, 1958 _______________________ 15

11. Indexes o f union w eekly hours in the printing trades,1907-58 __________________________________________________________________ 16

12. Indexes o f union w eekly hours in each printing trade,1907-58 __________________________________________________________________ 17

13o Union sca les o f wages and hours in the printing tradesin 53 c it ie s , July 1, 1957, and July 1, 1958 ________________________ 19

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Union W a g e s a n d Hours in the Printing Industry, Jyly 1, 1958

SummaryU n ion p a y s c a le s o f p r in t in g tr a d e s w o r k

e r s in c i t ie s o f 1 0 0 , 000 o r m o r e p o p u la tio n a d v a n ce d an a v e r a g e o f 9 . 8 c e n ts an h o u r , o r3 . 4 p e r c e n t , b e tw e e n J u ly 1, 19 57 , and Ju ly 1, 1958 , a c c o r d in g to the 5 2 d an n ual s u r v e y o f u n ion s c a le s in the p r in t in g in d u s tr y b y the U . S. D e p a r tm e n t o f L a b o r s B u re a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t ic s . A v e r a g e h o u r ly r a te s r o s e9 . 5 c e n t s , o r 3 . 4 p e r c e n t , in b o o k and jo b sh o p s and 1 0 .4 c e n t s , o r 3 .2 p e r c e n t , in n e w s p a p e r e s t a b l is h m e n t s .

N e g o tia te d s c a le in c r e a s e s b e c a m e e f f e c t iv e d u r in g the 1 2 -m o n th p e r io d f o r 90 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s in c lu d e d in the s tu d y . The a d v a n ce in h o u r ly r a te s ra n g e d f r o m 8 to 12 c e n ts f o r n e a r ly h a lf o f the p r in t in g t r a d e s m e n ; f r o m 6 to 8 c e n ts f o r a ten th , f r o m 1 2 to 14 ce n ts fo r an e ig h th , and a m o u n te d to 14 o r m o r e ce n ts fo r a n o th e r e ig h th . 1

U n ion h o u r ly w a g e r a te s on Ju ly 1, 1958 ,a v e r a g e d $ 3 .0 1 f o r a l l o f the p r in t in g tr a d e sstu d ie d -----$ 2 .8 5 f o r b o o k and jo b s h o p s , and$ 3 . 30 f o r n e w s p a p e r p la n ts . A lm o s t h a lf o f the w o r k e r s in c lu d e d in the stu d y had u n ion s c a le s ra n g in g f r o m $3 to $ 3 . 50 an h o u r , and a p p r o x im a te ly a s ix th had r a te s o f $ 3 . 50 o r m o r e .

A v e r a g e d a y -s h i f t s c a le s o f n e w s p a p e r p r in t in g t r a d e s m e n w e r e 1 2 p e r c e n t h ig h e r than th o se f o r b o o k and jo b w o r k e r s . N e w s p a p e r s c a le s a v e r a g e d 7 p e r c e n t h ig h e r f o r n ig h tw o r k than f o r d a y w o rk $ 3 .4 1 c o m p a r e d w ith $ 3 . 19 . A lth o u g h h ig h e r a v e r a g e s c a le s p r e v a i le d in n e w s p a p e r e s t a b l is h m e n t s , th e re w a s n o c o n s is t e n t p a tte r n o f d i f fe r e n t ia ls a m o n g o c c u p a t io n a l c la s s i f i c a t io n s c o m m o n to b o th se g m e n ts o f the in d u s tr y . F o r e x a m p le , the a v e r a g e s c a le f o r hand c o m p o s i t o r s on the d a y sh ift w as 6 c e n ts g r e a t e r in n e w s p a p e r p la n ts than in b o o k and jo b s h o p s , bu t d a y w o rk s c a le s f o r s t e r e o t y p e r s a v e r a g e d 2 8 ce n ts m o r e on b o o k and jo b w o r k than on n e w s p a p e r w o r k .

T he s t r a ig h t - t im e w o r k w e e k f o r p r in t in g t r a d e s m e n d e c lin e d s l ig h t ly d u r in g the y e a r and a v e r a g e d 3 6 .8 h o u r s on Ju ly 1, 1958 . W o r k w e e k s o f Zll/z h o u r s w e r e s t ip u la te d in la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t a g r e e m e n ts f o r a lm o s t h a lf o f a l l the p r in t in g tr a d e s w o r k e r s s tu d ie d ,

1 F o r e a s e o f r e a d in g , in th is and s u b se q u e n t d is c u s s io n s o f f r e q u e n c y d is t r ib u t io n ta b le s , the l im it s o f the c la s s in t e r v a ls , su ch as 8 and u n d er 12 ce n ts o r 3 and u n d e r 5 p e r ce n t a r e e x p r e s s e d as 8 to 12 c e n ts o r 3 to 5 p e r c e n t .

and th o s e o f 36*/4 h o u r s w e r e a p p lic a b le to a t h i r d o f the p r in t in g c r a f t s m e n . W e e k ly s c h e d u le s o f 35 o r fe w e r h o u r s w e r e in e f f e c t f o r on e o f e v e r y s e v e n w o r k e r s .

N e g o t ia te d h e a lth and in s u r a n c e p r o g r a m s w e r e in e f f e c t f o r tw o -th ir d s o f the p r in t in g t r a d e s w o r k e r s . P r o v is io n s f o r p e n s io n p la n s w e r e co n ta in e d in c o n t r a c t s c o v e r in g a th ird o f the w o r k e r s in the stu d y .

Scope and Method of StudyU n ion s c a le s a r e d e fin e d as the m in im u m

w a g e s c a l e s o r m a x im u m s c h e d u le s o f h o u r s a g r e e d u p on th rou g h c o l le c t iv e b a r g a in in g b e tw e e n tra d e u n io n s and e m p lo y e r s . R a te s in e x c e s s o f the n e g o t ia te d m in im u m , w h ich m a y b e p a id f o r s p e c ia l q u a l if ic a t io n s o r o th e r r e a s o n s , a r e n ot in c lu d e d .

T he in fo r m a t io n p r e s e n te d in th is r e p o r t w a s b a s e d on u n ion s c a l e s in e f f e c t on J u ly 1, 1958 , a n d c o v e r e d a p p r o x im a te ly 1 1 5 ,0 0 0 p r in t in g t r a d e s w o r k e r s in 53 c i t ie s w ith p o p u la t io n s o f 1 0 0 ,0 0 0 o r m o r e . D ata w e r e o b ta in ed p r im a r i ly f r o m lo c a l u n ion o f f i c ia l s b y m a i l q u e s t io n n a ir e ; in s o m e in s t a n c e s , r e p r e s e n ta t iv e s o f the U .S . D e p a r tm e n t o f L a b o r *s B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta t is t ic s v is it e d lo c a l u n ion o f f i c ia l s to o b ta in the d e s ir e d in fo r m a t io n .

T h e c u r r e n t s u r v e y w as d e s ig n e d to r e f l e c t u n ion w a g e s c a le s in the p r in t in g in d u s t r y in a l l c i t ie s o f 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 o r m o r e p o p u la t io n . A l l c i t ie s w ith 500 , 000 o r m o r e p o p u la tio n w e r e in c lu d e d , as w e r e m o s t c i t ie s in the2 5 0 ,0 0 0 to 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 p o p u la tio n g ro u p . The c i t ie s in the 1 0 0 ,00 0 to 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 g ro u p s e le c t e d f o r stu d y w e r e d is tr ib u te d w id e ly th ro u g h out the U n ited S ta te s . D ata f o r s o m e o f the c i t ie s in c lu d e d in the stu d y in the tw o s m a l le r s iz e g ro u p s w e r e w e ig h te d to c o m p e n s a te f o r c i t ie s w h ich w e r e n ot s u r v e y e d . In o r d e r to p r o v id e a p p r o p r ia te r e p r e s e n t a t io n in the c o m b in a t io n o f d a ta , e a ch g e o g r a p h ic r e g io n and p o p u la tio n g ro u p w a s c o n s id e r e d s e p a r a te ly w h en c it y w e ig h ts w e r e a s s ig n e d .

A v e r a g e h o u r ly s c a l e s , d e s ig n e d to sh ow c u r r e n t l e v e l s , a r e b a s e d on a l l s c a le s r e p o r te d in e f f e c t on Ju ly 1, 19 58 . In d iv id u a ls c a l e s w e r e w e ig h te d b y the n u m b e r o f u n ion m e m b e r s h a v in g e a c h r a te . T h e se a v e r a g e s a r e n o t d e s ig n e d f o r p r e c i s e y e a r - t o - y e a r c o m p a r is o n s b e c a u s e o f f lu c tu a t io n s in m e m b e r s h ip and in jo b c la s s i f i c a t io n s s tu d ie d . A v e r a g e c e n t s - p e r - h o u r and p e r c e n t ch a n g es fr o m Ju ly 1, 1957 , to Ju ly 1, 1958 , a r e b a s e d on c o m p a r a b le q u o ta tio n s f o r the v a r io u s o c c u p a t io n a l c la s s i f i c a t io n s in b o th p e r io d s w e ig h te d b y the m e m b e r s h ip r e p o r t e d f o r the c u r r e n t s u r v e y . T h e in d e x s e r i e s , d e s ig n e d f o r tre n d p u r p o s e s , is s i m i la r ly c o n s t r u c te d .


2Trend and Scale ChangesH ig h e r p a y s c a l e s , e f fe c t iv e b e tw e e n

Ju ly 1, 19 57 , and Ju ly 1, 1958 , as p r o v id e d in la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s , r e s u lt e d in a r i s e o f 3 . 4 p e r c e n t in the a v e r a g e h o u r ly s c a le o f u n io n p r in t in g t r a d e s w o r k e r s . T h is a d v a n c e , w h ich a p p r o x im a te d the 3 .6 - p e r c e n t in c r e a s e in the y e a r en d in g Ju ly 1, 1957 , and e x c e e d e d the g a in r e g is t e r e d in e a c h o f the 3 p r e c e d in g 1 2 -m o n th p e r io d s , r a is e d the B u r e a u ^ in d e x o f u n ion h o u r ly s c a le s f o r th e s e w o r k e r s to 4 3 . 6 p e r c e n t a b o v e the J a n u a ry 1 9 4 8 -J u ly 1949 l e v e l (ta b le 1 ). R e f le c t e d in the a d v a n ce w e r e g a in s o f 3 . 4 p e r c e n t in b o o k and jo b sh o p s and o f 3 .2 p e r c e n t in n e w s p a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts (ta b le 6 ). T he in d e x le v e ls f o r th e s e in d u s tr y b r a n c h e s r o s e to 144. 7 and 140. 8 , r e s p e c t iv e ly .

In t e r m s o f c e n t s - p e r - h o u r , s c a l e s a d v a n ce d an a v e r a g e o f 9 . 8 c e n ts f o r a l l p r in t in g tr a d e s c o m b in e d , 9 . 5 c e n ts in c o m m e r c i a l (b o o k and jo b ) s h o p s , and 1 0 .4 ce n ts in n e w s p a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts (ta b le 5 ).

A m o n g the in d iv id u a l t r a d e s s tu d ie d in e a c h b r a n c h o f the in d u s tr y , a v e r a g e u n ion s c a le a d v a n c e s in b o o k and jo b sh o p s ra n g e d f r o m 2 . 9 p e r c e n t f o r m a ch in e o p e r a t o r s to4 . 1 f o r s t e r e o t y p e r s and in n e w s p a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts f r o m 3 .0 f o r m a ch in e te n d e r s a n d p r e s s m e n - in - c h a r g e to 3 .9 p e r c e n t f o r m a i l e r s .

A v e r a g e u n ion s c a le in c r e a s e s w e r e s u b s ta n t ia lly u n ifo r m a m o n g the v a r io u s tr a d e s in b o th c o m m e r c ia l and n e w s p a p e r p r in t in g . T h e y v a r ie d f r o m 9 .0 to 1 2 .4 ce n ts f o r 10 o f the 1 2 b o o k and jo b tr a d e s s tu d ie d ; f o r the o th e r 2 t r a d e s , b in d e r y w o m e n and s t e r e o t y p e r s , the g a in s w e r e 5 .6 and 1 3 .4 c e n ts , r e s p e c t iv e ly . A m o n g the e ig h t n e w s p a p e r tr a d e s s u r v e y e d , the r i s e in a v e r a g e h o u r ly s c a le s ra n g e d f r o m 9 . 6 to 1 1 .7 c e n ts .

On a r e g io n a l b a s i s , the v a r ia t io n in a v e r a g e s c a le a d v a n c e s w a s n a r r o w e r f o r n e w s p a p e r w o r k than f o r c o m m e r c ia l w o r k . F o r n e w s p a p e r s , the g r e a t e s t g a in (1 2 . 3 c e n ts o r3 . 8 p e r c e n t ) w a s in the P a c i f i c r e g io n and the lo w e s t ( 7 .3 c e n ts o r 2 . 4 p e r c e n t ) w as in the S o u th w e st . In b o o k and jo b s h o p s , the r i s e v a r ie d fr o m 7. 6 to 9 . 8 c e n ts in a l l r e g io n s e x c e p t the M ou n ta in and P a c i f i c r e g io n s . A v e r a g e s c a le s r o s e 3 .5 and 1 6 .2 c e n ts , r e s p e c t iv e ly , in th e se r e g io n s . P e r c e n t a g e w is e , r e g io n a l in c r e a s e s v a r ie d fr o m 1 .3 to 5o 7 p e r c e n t (ta b le 6 ).

M an y o f the c o n t r a c t s in e f f e c t on Ju ly 1, 1958 , had b e e n n e g o t ia te d f o r 2 y e a r s a fe w w e r e f o r lo n g e r p e r io d s . C o n tr a c ts o f m o r e

than a y e a r* s d u ra t io n fr e q u e n t ly p r o v id e d f o r w a g e r e o p e n in g s o r co n ta in e d p r o v i s io n s fo r p e r io d i c in c r e a s e s . E v e n th ou gh in d iv id u a l c o n t r a c t s p r o v id e d f o r in c r e a s e s at v a r io u s s p e c i f i e d d a te s , o n ly th o se s c a l e s that a c tu a l ly b e c a m e e f fe c t iv e b e tw e e n J u ly 1, 1957 , and Ju ly 1, 1958 , w e r e in c lu d e d in the c u r r e n ts tu d y . S o m e o f th e s e s c a le r e v is io n s w e r e p r o v id e d f o r in c o n t r a c t s w h ich b e c a m e e f f e c t iv e b e fo r e J u ly 1, 19 57 . A n u m b e r o f a g r e e m e n ts n e g o t ia te d d u r in g the y e a r e n d in g J u ly l , 1958 , c o n ta in p r o v i s io n s f o r ra te in c r e a s e s a f t e r that d a te . T h u s , the s c a le r e v is io n s p r e s e n te d h e r e in d o n ot r e f l e c t the to ta l w a g e s c a le ch a n g e s n e g o t ia te d in in d iv id u a l c o n t r a c t s d u rin g the s u r v e y y e a r .

H o u r ly p a y s c a l e s w e r e in c r e a s e d d u r in g the y e a r en d in g Ju ly 1, 19 58 , f o r 90 p e r c e n t o f the u n io n w o r k e r s in the p r in t in g t r a d e s 88 p e r c e n t o f th o se in b o o k and jo b sh o p s and 93 p e r c e n t o f th o s e e n g a g e d in n e w s p a p e r p r in t in g . A t le a s t 3 o f e v e r y 4 w o r k e r s in e a c h o f the tr a d e s in b o th ty p e s o f p r in t in g w e r e a f fe c t e d b y ra te in c r e a s e s ; in 14 o f the tra d e c la s s i f i c a t i o n s , m o r e than 9 o f e v e r y 1 0 w o r k e r s had th e ir s c a le s a d ju s te d u p w a rd .

R a is e s ra n g e d fr o m 6 to 14 ce n ts f o r s e v e n -te n th s o f the p r in t in g t r a d e s m e n . In b o o k and jo b s h o p s , 14 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s had h o u r ly s c a le a d v a n c e s o f 6 to 8 c e n t s ; 2 1 p e r c e n t , 8 to 1 0 c e n t s ; 2 2 p e r c e n t , 1 0 to 12 c e n ts ; and 13 p e r c e n t , 12 to 14 c e n t s . F o r n e w s p a p e r w o r k e r s , the c o m p a r a b le p e r c e n t a g e s w e r e 6 , 1 6 , 44 , and 12, r e s p e c t iv e ly .I n c r e a s e s o f 14 o r m o r e ce n ts an h o u r a f fe c te d an e ig h th o f the p r in t in g tr a d e s w o r k e r s in c o m m e r c i a l sh o p s and a tenth o f th o se in n e w s p a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts (ta b le 4 ). T h e in c r e a s e s r e p r e s e n t e d g a in s o f 3 to 5 p e r c e n t f o r 7 o f e v e r y 10 w o r k e r s in n e w s p a p e r e s t a b lis h m e n ts and f o r 6 o f e v e r y 10 in c o m m e r c ia l s h o p s . A d v a n c e s o f 5 o r m o r e p e r c e n t a f fe c t e d a tenth o f th o s e on n e w s p a p e r w o r k and a f ifth o f th o s e in b o o k and jo b s sh op s (ta b le 3 ).

Rate Variations by Type of WorkC o m m e r c ia l p r in t sh o p s p r o d u c e m a n y

d if fe r e n t it e m s in v a r y in g q u a n tit ie s ; n e w s p a p e r e s t a b l is h m e n t s , on the o th e r han d , a r e g e a r e d to m a s s p r o d u c t io n o f a s in g le , r e c u r r in g ite m at r e g u la r in t e r v a ls . B e c a u s e o f th e se v a r ia t io n s , the c o m p o s it io n o f the la b o r f o r c e d i f fe r s m a t e r ia l ly in e a ch type o f p r in t in g e s ta b lis h m e n t . A su b s ta n t ia l p r o p o r tio n o f the la b o r f o r c e in c o m m e r c ia l sh op s is c o m p r is e d o f b in d e r y w o m e n , m a i l e r s , and p r e s s a s s is ta n ts and f e e d e r s w h o ty p ic a l ly p e r fo r m ro u t in e and l e s s s k i l le d ta s k s ; in n e w s p a p e r p r in t in g , h o w e v e r , jo u r n e y m e n


3a r e r e q u ir e d in g r e a t e r p r o p o r t io n s to m e e t d a ily d e m a n d s . T h e s e d i f fe r e n t w o r k - f o r c e r e q u ir e m e n t s a r e r e f le c t e d in the a v e r a g e r a t e s , w h ich tak e in to a c c o u n t the n u m b e r o f p r in t in g tr a d e s w o r k e r s at the v a r io u s r a te s o f p a y in e a ch type o f e s ta b lis h m e n t .

U n ion h o u r ly w a g e s c a le s on Ju ly 1, 19 58 , a v e r a g e d $ 2 .8 5 , in b o o k and jo b sh o p s and $ 3 .3 0 in n e w s p a p e r e s t a b l is h m e n t s . N e w s p a p e r n ig h tw o r k s c a le s a v e r a g e d $ 3 .4 1 , c o m p a r e d w ith $ 3 . 19 f o r d a y w o rk (ta b le 7 ). B e c a u s e r e la t iv e ly fe w w o r k e r s a r e n o r m a lly e m p lo y e d on n ig h t -s h i f t w o r k in b o o k and jo b s h o p s , in fo r m a t io n f o r su ch w o r k e r s w as e x c lu d e d f r o m the s u r v e y .

In d iv id u a l s c a le s v a r ie d w id e ly in la b o r - m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s c o v e r in g p r in t in g t r a d e s w o r k e r s . N e g o tia te d h o u r ly r a te s f o r b o o k and jo b sh op w o r k ra n g e d f r o m $ 1 .2 9 f o r b in d e r y w o m e n in N ew O r le a n s to $ 4 . 37 f o r s o m e c o l o r p r e s s m e n in St. L o u is . C o n t r a c t p r o v i s io n s s p e c i fy in g h o u r ly r a te s o f $3 to $ 3 .5 0 w e r e a p p lic a b le to s l ig h t ly m o r e than tw o - f i f t h s o f the p r in t in g tr a d e s m e n in b o o k and jo b s h o p s . S c a le s o f $ 3 . 50 o r m o r e w e r e r e p o r t e d f o r a tenth o f the w o r k e r s and o f $ 2 . 50 to $3 f o r a fo u r th . N e g o tia te d r a te s o f l e s s than $ 2 .5 0 an h o u r w e r e in d ica te d f o r a b ou t a fo u r th o f the w o r k e r s . T h is n u m b e r in c lu d e d a l l o f the b in d e r y w o m e n , a th ird o f the p r e s s a s s is ta n ts and f e e d e r s , and a s l ig h t ly la r g e r p r o p o r t io n o f m a i l e r s . A m o n g b in d e r y w o m e n , 46 p e r c e n t had c o n t r a c t s c a l e s v a r y in g f r o m $ 1 .5 0 to $ 1 .7 0 , and 42 p e r c e n t had r a te s o f $ 1 . 70 to $2 an h o u r . S c a le s v a r ie d f r o m $ 3 . 50 to $ 3 . 80 f o r tw o - f ifth s o f the e l e c t r o t y p e r s , a th ird o f the s t e r e o t y p e r s , and a f ifth o f the p h o to e n g r a v e r s . T w o - f i f th s o f the w o r k e r s in the la t te r tra d e h ad c o n t r a c t s c a le s o f $ 3 . 80 o r m o r e an h o u r and n on e h ad r a te s o f l e s s than $ 2 . 80 (ta b le 7).

In n e w s p a p e r e s t a b l is h m e n t s , h o u r ly r a te s v a r ie d f r o m $ 2 .0 5 f o r d a y -s h i f t m a i le r s in N ew O r le a n s to $ 4 . 65V* f o r n ig h t -s h i f t s t e r e o ty p e r s on G e rm a n and P o l i s h la n g u a g e n e w s p a p e r s in C h ic a g o . H o u r ly r a te s o f $3 to $ 3 . 50 w e r e n e g o t ia te d f o r 66 p e r c e n t o f the d a y -s h i f t w o r k e r s and f o r 54 p e r c e n t o f th o se on the n igh t s h ift . S c a le s o f l e s s than $3 w e r e a p p lic a b le to 2 2 p e r c e n t o f the d a y w o r k - e r s and 8 p e r c e n t o f the n ig h tw o r k e r s , and o f $ 3 . 50 o r m o r e to 12 and 38 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s on d a y - and n ig h t -s h i f t w o r k , r e s p e c t iv e ly . S o m e w o r k e r s in a ll bu t on e o f the n e w s p a p e r p r in t in g c r a ft s had s c a le s o f a t le a s t $ 3 . 50 an h o u r . M o r e than 80 p e r ce n t o f the p h o to e n g r a v e r s and p r e s s m e n - in - c h a r g e on the n igh t sh ift had su ch s c a l e s , as d id 48 and 3 7 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s in

th e se c r a f t s , r e s p e c t iv e ly , on the day sh ift . N on e o f the w o r k e r s in th e se tw o tr a d e s had c o n t r a c t s c a le s o f l e s s than $ 2 .9 0 . H a lf o f the m a i le r s h ad h o u r ly r a te s o f $ 2 . 50 to $ 3 , and 4 p e r c e n t had c o n t r a c t s c a le s o f l e s s than $ 2 .5 0 an h o u r .

A m o n g the 12 b o o k and jo b sh op tr a d e s s tu d ie d , a v e r a g e h o u r ly s c a l e s , e x c e p t f o r b in d e r y w o m e n ( $ 1 .7 0 ) , v a r ie d fr o m $ 2 .5 6 f o r p r e s s a s s is ta n t s and fe e d e r s to $ 3 . 70 f o r p h o to e n g r a v e r s . S ix o th e r tr a d e s a ls o had s c a le s a v e r a g in g in e x c e s s o f $3 an h o u r . In n e w s p a p e r e s t a b l is h m e n t s , the h ig h e s t a v e r a g e ( $ 3 .6 3 ) w a s r e c o r d e d b y p h o to e n g r a v e r s and p r e s s m e n - in - c h a r g e and the lo w e s t ( $ 2 .9 9 ) b y m a i l e r s . T h e a v e r a g e s f o r the o th e r n e w s p a p e r p r in t in g tr a d e s c l o s e ly a p p r o x im a te d e a c h o th e r and ra n g e d fr o m $ 3 .3 0 to $ 3 .3 5 an h o u r .

N o c o n s is t e n t p a tte r n o f r a te d if fe r e n t ia ls w as e v id e n t a m o n g the im p o r ta n t t r a d e s c o m m o n to b o th ty p e s o f p r in t in g . D a y w o r k s c a le s f o r hand c o m p o s i t o r s a v e r a g e d 6 ce n ts h ig h e r in n e w s p a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts than in c o m m e r c ia l s h o p s . P h o to e n g r a v e r s and s t e r e o t y p e r s on d a y w o rk in b o o k and jo b s h o p s , h o w e v e r , a v e r a g e d 17 and 28 c e n t s , r e s p e c t iv e ly , h ig h e r than s im ila r t r a d e s m e n on n e w s p a p e r w o r k .

S c a le s f o r n ig h tw o r k on n e w s p a p e r s w e r e , on the a v e r a g e , 22 c e n ts o r 7 p e r c e n t a b o v e th o se f o r d a y w o rk . A m o n g in d iv id u a l t r a d e s , the d i f fe r e n t ia l fa v o r in g n ig h t -s h i f t w o r k e r s v a r ie d f r o m 16 c e n ts f o r m a c h in e te n d e r s to 31 ce n ts f o r jo u r n e y m e n p r e s s m e n . P e r c e n t a g e w is e , the d i f fe r e n t ia ls v a r ie d f r o m 5 to 1 0 p e r c e n t .

City and Regional VariationsH o u r ly p a y s c a le s w e r e in c r e a s e d b e tw e e n

Ju ly 1, 1957 , and Ju ly 1, 19 58 , f o r s o m e p r in t in g tr a d e s w o r k e r s in e a c h o f the 53 c i t ie s s tu d ie d . In C h a r lo t te , S a lt L a k e C ity , and S p ok a n e , h o w e v e r , s c a le r e v is io n s w e r e r e p o r t e d o n ly f o r n e w s p a p e r w o r k . S om e tr a d e s in b o o k and jo b sh o p w o r k in th e se c i t ie s w e r e n e g o t ia t in g n ew s c a le s at the t im e o f s u r v e y . The in c r e a s e in a v e r a g e h o u r ly s c a le s f o r b o o k and jo b p r in t in g v a r ie d fr o m 9 to 1 1 c e n ts in 16 c i t ie s and f r o m 7 to 9 cen ts in 14 c i t ie s ; the a d v a n ce ra n g e d fr o m 2 to 7 c e n ts in 9 c i t ie s and f r o m 11 to 19 ce n ts in a s im i la r n u m b e r o f c i t i e s . A v e r a g e h o u r ly s c a le in c r e a s e s in n e w s p a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts v a r ie d f r o m 9 to 1 1 c e n ts in 17 c i t ie s , f r o m 11 to 13 ce n ts in 18 o th e r s , and f r o m 3 to9 c e n ts in 14 c i t i e s . P e r c e n t a g e w is e , the in c r e a s e s r e p r e s e n t e d g a in s o f 2 to 5 p e r c e n t f o r b o o k and jo b p r in t in g in 7 o f e v e r y1 0 c i t ie s and a s im i la r p e r c e n ta g e f o r n e w s p a p e r p r in t in g in 9 o f e v e r y 1 0 c i t i e s .


4T he c i t y and r e g io n a l a v e r a g e s p r e s e n te d

in ta b le s 8 and 9 w e r e d e s ig n e d to sh ow c u r r e n t le v e ls o f r a te s ; th ey do n o t m e a s u r e d i f f e r e n c e s in u n io n s c a l e s a m o n g a r e a s . S c a le s f o r in d iv id u a l c r a f t s , o f c o u r s e , v a r ie d fr o m c i t y to c i t y . T he c it y and r e g io n a l a v e r a g e s , h o w e v e r , w e r e in flu e n c e d n o t o n ly b y d i f f e r e n c e s in r a te s a m o n g c i t ie s and r e g io n s but a l s o b y d i f f e r e n c e s in the p r o p o r t io n o f o r g a n ize d w o r k e r s in the v a r io u s c r a f t s . T h u s , a p a r t ic u la r c r a f t o r c la s s i f i c a t io n m a y n o t b e o r g a n iz e d in s o m e a r e a s o r m a y b e o r g a n iz e d le s s in te n s iv e ly in s o m e a r e a s than in o th e r s ; and , a l s o , c e r t a in ty p e s o f w o r k w e r e fou n d in s o m e a r e a s bu t n ot in o th e r s , o r to a g r e a t e r e x te n t in s o m e a r e a s than in o th e r s . T h e s e d i f f e r e n c e s w e r e r e f le c t e d in t h e w e ig h t in g o f in d iv id u a l r a te s b y the n u m b e r o f u n io n m e m b e r s at the r a t e . H e n ce , e v e n th ou gh r a te s f o r a l l in d iv id u a l c r a f t s in tw o a r e a s m a y b e id e n t ic a l , the a v e r a g e f o r a l l c r a f t s c o m b in e d in e a c h a r e a m a y d i f f e r .

W h en the 53 c i t ie s in c lu d e d in the stu d y w e r e g ro u p e d a c c o r d in g to p o p u la t io n s i z e , the a v e r a g e u n ion h o u r ly r a te f o r w o r k e r s in b o o k and jo b sh o p s ra n g e d f r o m $ 3 .0 7 , in the g ro u p o f c i t ie s w ith 1 , 0 0 0 , 000 o r m o r e p o p u la t io n , to $ 2 .6 2 , in th o s e c i t ie s o f 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 to 25 0 , 000 p o p u la t io n (the s m a l le s t s i z e g ro u p s tu d ie d ) . In n e w s p a p e r e s t a b l is h m e n t s , c o m p a r a b le a v e r a g e s w e r e $ 3 .4 6 and $ 3 .0 9 , r e s p e c t iv e ly . T he a v e r a g e r a te s f o r the tw o in te r m e d ia te g ro u p s (5 0 0 ,0 0 0 to 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 and 2 5 0 , 000 to 500 , 0 0 0 ), w e r e s im i la r in b o th ty p e s o f p r in t in g $ 2 . 74 and $ 2 . 78 f o r b o o k and jo b sh op w o r k and $ 3 .2 9 and $ 3 .2 7 f o r n e w s p a p e r w o r k (ta b le 8 ).

A v e r a g e s c a le s o v e r la p p e d a m o n g in d iv id u a l c i t ie s in the d i f fe r e n t s i z e g r o u p in g s . F o r e x a m p le , the a v e r a g e s c a le f o r S e a tt le in the 2 5 0 , 000 to 500 , 000 p o p u la t io n g ro u p w a s h ig h e r than that o f an y in d iv id u a l c i t y in the tw o n e x t la r g e r s i z e g ro u p s in n e w s p a p e r p r in t in g .

On a r e g io n a l b a s i s , u n io n h o u r ly s c a le s o f a l l t r a d e s c o m b in e d a v e r a g e d h ig h e s t ($ 3 .1 7 ) on the P a c i f i c c o a s t and lo w e s t ($ 2 .8 1 ) in the S o u th w e st . T he M id d le A t la n t ic and G re a t L a k e s r e g io n s a l s o had s c a le s a v e r a g in g in e x c e s s o f $3 an h o u r . A v e r a g e s c a le s in b o o k and jo b sh o p s v a r ie d f r o m $ 3 .0 3 on the P a c i f i c c o a s t to $ 2 .4 6 in the S o u th w e st . In n e w s p a p e r w o r k , the lo w e s t ( $ 2 .9 8 ) and h ig h e s t ($ 3 .3 9 ) a v e r a g e s w e r e in the S o u th e a st and M id d le A t la n t ic r e g io n s , r e s p e c t iv e ly (ta b le 9 ).

Standard WorkweekT he s t r a ig h t - t im e w o rk w e e k f o r p r in t in g

t r a d e s w o r k e r s in c i t ie s o f 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 o r m o r e

p o p u la tio n d e c r e a s e d s l ig h t ly d u rin g the s u r v e y y e a r . T h e m o v e m e n t to w a rd a s h o r t e r w o rk w e e k w a s e v id e n c e d b y the in c r e a s e in the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s f o r w h om a 3 6 y ,4 -h ou r w e e k ly s c h e d u le w a s n e g o t ia te d fr o m 2 7 . 5 p e r c e n t on Ju ly 1, 1957 , to 3 3 .9 p e r c e n t on Ju ly 1, 1958 . S tan dard w e e k ly s c h e d u le s a v e r a g e d 3 6 .8 h o u rs on J u ly 1, 1958 , c o m p a r e d w ith 3 6 .9 h o u r s on J u ly 1, 1957 . N e g o tia te d w o rk w e e k s f o r d a y -s h i f t w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d3 6 .9 h o u r s in c o m m e r c ia l sh o p s and 3 7 h o u r s in n e w s p a p e r p la n ts . N ig h t -s h if t w o r k e r s on n e w s p a p e r s had an a v e r a g e w e e k ly s c h e d u le o f 36 . 1 h o u r s (ta b le 10 ).

A sta n d a rd w o r k w e e k o f 3 7*/2 h o u r s w as p r e v a le n t , a lth ou g h l e s s w id e s p r e a d than a y e a r e a r l i e r . T h is s c h e d u le w as s p e c i f ie d in la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s a p p l ic a b le to n e a r ly h a lf o f the p r in t in g tr a d e s w o r k e r s in b o th t y p e s o f p r in t in g e s t a b l is h m e n t s . S t r a ig h t -t im e w o rk w e e k s o f 3 6 V4 h o u r s p r e v a ile d f o r n e a r ly th r e e -e ig h th s o f the b o o k and jo b sh op w o r k e r s and f o r th r e e -te n th s o f th o se in n e w s p a p e r e s ta b lis h m e n ts ; o f 3 5 h o u rs f o r a p p r o x im a te ly an e ig h th o f the w o r k e r s in e a c h type sh o p . W e e k ly s c h e d u le s o f f e w e r than 35 h o u r s w e r e v ir t u a l ly n o n e x is te n t in b o o k and jo b sh o p s bu t w e r e in e f f e c t f o r ab ou t 6 p e r c e n t o f the n e w s p a p e r w o r k e r s . C o n tr a c tu a l w o rk w e e k s o f m o r e than 3 7*/* h o u r s p r e v a i le d f o r 5 p e r ce n t o f the p r in t in g t r a d e s m e n on c o m m e r c ia l w o r k and f o r p r a c t i c a l ly n on e o f th o s e on n e w s p a p e r w o r k .

L ab o r -m a n a g e m e n t c o n t r a c t s c o v e r in g w o r k e r s in n e w s p a p e r p la n ts u s u a lly s p e c i f i e d s h o r te r w o r k s c h e d u le s f o r n ig h tw o rk than fo r d a y w o rk . S ch e d u le s o f 3 5 h o u r s o r l e s s w e r e a p p lic a b le to 30 p e r c e n t o f the n ig h t -s h i f t w o r k e r s and 9 p e r c e n t o f the d a y -s h i f t w o r k e r s ; o f 3 6 1/* h o u r s f o r 36 and 2 4 p e r c e n t o f the n ig h t - and d a y -s h i f t w o r k e r s , r e s p e c t iv e ly . W e e k ly w o r k s c h e d u le s o f h o u rsw e r e s t ip u la te d f o r 33 p e r c e n t o f the n ig h t - w o r k e r s and f o r 6 4 p e r c e n t o f the d a y w o r k e r s .

Health, Insurance, and Pension PlansN e g o tia te d h e a lth , in s u r a n c e , and p e n s io n

p r o g r a m s in the p r in t in g in d u s tr y h a v e in c r e a s e d in r e c e n t y e a r s , a lth ou g h le s s r a p id ly than in s o m e o th e r in d u s t r ie s . T h e ra te o f d e v e lo p m e n t h as u n d o u b te d ly b e e n in flu e n c e d b y p r o g r a m s w h ich p r o v id e m e m b e r s w ith on e o r m o r e ty p e s o f b e n e f it s ( o ld -a g e , dea th , s i c k n e s s , and d is a b i l i t y ) , o p e r a te d b y a n u m b e r o f p r in t in g tr a d e s u n ion s f o r m a n y y e a r s .

A s u b s ta n t ia lly g r e a t e r p r o p o r t io n o f the o r g a n iz e d p r in tin g tr a d e s w o r k e r s w e r e in c lu d e d i n n e g o t ia te d h e a lth a n d in s u r a n c e


5plans than in p en sion p r o g r a m s . On July 1, 1958, la b o r -m a n a g e m e n t co n tra cts p rov id in g fo r health and in su ra n ce plans a ffe c te d tw o - th irds o f the union prin tin g trad es w o r k e r s , and th ose contain ing p en sion p r o v is io n s w e re ap p lica b le to a th ird o f a ll the w o r k e r s . The p ro p o rt io n o f w o rk e rs c o v e r e d by each o f th ese p l a n s in cr e a s e d s lig h tly during the y e a r .2 H ealth and in su ra n ce p r o g r a m s w ere m o r e p rev a len t f o r w o rk e rs in c o m m e r c ia l shops than in n ew spaper plants---- 75 and 55

2 The p re v a le n ce o f n egotiated health , in su ra n ce , and p en sion p ro g ra m s in the prin tin g in d u stry w as f i r s t studied b y the B ureau as o f July 1, 1954. In form ation fo r th ese plans w as r e s tr ic te d to those fin an ced e n tire ly or in p a rt by the e m p lo y e r . P lans fin an ced by w o rk e rs through union dues or a s se s sm e n ts w e re ex clu d ed . No attem pt w as m ade to s e cu re in form a tion on the kind and extent o f b en e fits p ro v id e d o r on the c o s t o f p lans p r o v id ing such b e n e fits .

p e r ce n t, r e s p e c t iv e ly . P e n s io n plan p r o v is io n s , h o w e v e r , w e re in e ffe c t fo r 32 p e r cent o f the b o o k and jo b shop w o rk e r s and 40 p e rce n t o f those on n e w sp a p e rs .

The vast m a jo r ity o f the w o rk e rs (92 p e r cen t) p ro v id e d health and in su ra n ce p r o t e c tion w e r e c o v e r e d b y p ro g ra m s fin an ced e n tire ly by e m p lo y e r s . Such plans w ere a p p lica b le to 94 and 86 p e rce n t, r e sp e c tiv e ly , o f the p ro te c te d w o rk e rs in c o m m e r c ia l and n ew sp ap er p lants. E m p lo y e r -fin a n ce d p en s ion plans p re v a ile d fo r a p p ro x im a te ly 85 p e r cent o f the prin tin g trad es w o rk e r s c o v e re d b y n egotia ted a g reem en ts p rov id in g fo r such plans in both b ook and jo b shops and n e w sp a p er e s ta b lish m e n ts .

Union Scales by City and Trade

U nion s c a le s o f w ages and h ou rs in e ffe c t on July 1, 1957, and July 1, 1958, f o r thein d iv idu al trad es in each o f the 53 c it ie s in cluded in the study a re show n in table 13.


T A B L E 1. I n d e x e s 1 o f u n i o n h o u r l y w a g e s c a l e s in th e p r i n t i n g t r a d e s , 1 9 0 7 - 5 8

( J a n u a r y 2 , 1 9 4 8 J u l y 1, 1 9 4 9 * 1 00 )_________________________________

Y e a r P r i n t i n g B o o k a n d j o b N e w s p a p e r

1 9 0 7 : M a y 15 - - - - 0 1 5 . 0 1 9 . 41 9 0 8 : M a y 1 5 ------------------------------------------ 0 1 6 . 6 2 0 . 41 9 0 9 : M a y 1 5 ------------------------------------------ 0 1 7 . 8 2 1 . 31 9 1 0 : M a y 1 5 ------------------------------------------ 0 1 8 . 8 2 2 . 01 9 1 1 : M a y 1 5 ---------------------------- - - 1 9 . 9 1 9 . 3 2 2 . 41 9 1 2 : M a y 15 --------------------- ---------- 2 0 . 3 1 9 . 6 2 2 . 81 9 1 3 : M a y 15 ------------- - 2 0 . 7 2 0 . 0 2 3 . 21 9 1 4 : M a y 15 ------ --------- - - 2 1 . 0 2 0 . 4 2 3 . 51 9 1 5 : M a y 1 5 ------------------------------------------ 2 1 . 2 2 0 . 5 2 3 . 6

1 9 1 6 : M a y 1 5 ------------------------------------------ 2 1 . 4 2 0 . 8 2 3 . 71 9 1 7 : M a y 15 - - --------------- 2 2 . 1 2 1 . 5 2 4 . 31 9 1 8 : M a y 15 --------------------------------------- 2 4 . 0 2 3 . 9 2 5 . 51 9 1 9 : M a y 15 - - - ------ ------- - 2 9 . 4 2 9 . 4 3 0 . 81 9 2 0 : M a y 15 - --------- ---------- - 3 7 . 7 3 8 . 4 3 7 . 61 9 2 1 : M a y 15 ------------------------------------ 4 1 . 3 4 2 . 2 4 0 . 91 9 2 2 : M a y 15 - ---------- - - 4 1 . 8 4 2 . 4 4 1 . 31 9 2 3 : M a y 15 ------- -------------------- - 4 3 . 0 4 4 . 1 4 1 . 81 9 2 4 : M a y 15 - -------------------------------- 4 5 . 1 4 5 . 9 4 4 . 3

1 9 2 5 : M a y 1 5 - - - 4 5 . 8 4 6 . 4 4 5 . 11 9 2 6 : M a y 15 ------------------------------------ 4 6 . 8 4 7 . 4 4 6 . 11 9 2 7 : M a y 1 5 ------------------------------------------ 4 8 . 2 4 8 . 6 4 7 . 41 9 2 8 : M a y 1 5 ------------------------------------------ 4 9 . 1 4 9 . 2 4 8 . 61 9 2 9 : M a y 15 ---------------------------- - - 4 9 . 8 4 9 . 9 4 9 . 51 9 3 0 : M a y 1 5 ------------------------------------------ 5 0 . 6 5 0 . 8 5 0 . 01 9 3 1 : M a y 15 ------------------ -------------------- 5 0 . 8 5 1 . 1 5 0 . 11 9 3 2 : M a y 15 ------------------------------------- 5 0 . 5 5 0 . 6 5 0 . 01 9 3 3 : M a y 15 ------------------ ------ ------- 4 7 . 5 4 7 . 8 4 6 . 8

1 9 3 4 : M a y 15 - --------------- - --------- 4 8 . 5 4 9 . 1 4 7 . 41 9 3 5 : M a y 15 ---------------------------- ------- 5 0 . 3 5 0 . 2 5 0 . 31 9 3 6 : M a y 15 ---------------------- ---------- 5 1 . 5 5 1 . 6 5 1 . 01 9 3 7 : M a y 15 -------------------------------- - 5 3 . 2 5 3 . 3 5 2 . 91 9 3 8 : J u n e 1 ----------------- -------------------- 5 4 . 9 5 5 . 1 5 4 . 31 9 3 9 : J u n e 1 -------------------------------------------- 5 5 . 4 5 5 . 5 5 5 . 01 9 4 0 : J u n e 1 --------- ----------------------- 5 6 . 2 5 6 . 0 5 6 . 21 9 4 1 : J u n e 1 - --------------------- ---------- 5 6 . 8 5 6 . 6 5 6 . 91 9 4 2 : J u l y 1 ------------------ --------------------- 5 9 . 3 5 9 . 1 5 9 . 4

1 9 4 3 : J u l y 1 - --------- ---------------------- - 6 1 . 1 6 0 . 7 6 1 . 91 9 4 4 : J u l y 1 - ------------------------------- 6 2 . 6 6 2 . 3 6 3 . 31 9 4 5 : J u l y 1 --------------------------------------- 6 3 . 5 6 3 . 1 6 4 . 11 9 4 6 : J u l y 1 ---------------------------------- 74 . 3 7 4 . 2 7 4 . 51 9 4 8 : J a n . 2 --------------- ---------------------- 9 4 . 3 9 4 . 3 9 4 . 31 9 4 9 : J u l y 1 -------------------------------------------- 1 0 5 . 7 1 0 5 . 7 1 0 5 . 71 9 5 0 : J u l y 1 - -------------------- ---------- 1 0 7 . 9 1 0 8 . 2 1 0 7 . 41 9 5 1 : J u l y 1 - - ------------- ------------ 1 1 2 . 4 1 1 2 . 1 1 1 2 . 71 9 5 2 : J u l y 1 ------------ ----------------- ------- 1 1 8 . 8 1 1 9 . 3 1 1 7 . 6

1 9 5 3 : J u l y 1 - - ---------------------- ------- 1 2 3 . 5 1 2 4 . 0 1 2 2 . 31 9 5 4 : J u l y 1 -------------------------------------------- 1 2 7 . 1 1 2 7 . 6 1 2 5 . 91 9 5 5 : J u l y 1 ------------------------------------------- 1 3 0 . 7 1 3 1 . 4 1 2 8 . 91 9 5 6 : J u l y 1 -------------------------------------------- 1 3 4 . 1 1 3 4 . 9 1 3 2 . 11 9 5 7 : J u l y 1 - - --------------------------------- 1 3 8 . 9 1 3 9 . 9 1 3 6 . 41 9 5 8 : J u l y 1 ---------------------------------------- 1 4 3 . 6 1 4 4 . 7 1 4 0 . 8

1 I n d e x s e r i e s d e s i g n e d f o r t r e n d p u r p o s e s ; p e r i o d i c a l c h a n g e s in u n i o n s c a l e s a r e b a s e d o n c o m p a r a b l e q u o t a t i o n s f o r th e v a r i o u s o c c u p a t i o n s in c o n s e c u t i v e p e r i o d s , w e i g h t e d b y n u m b e r o f u n i o n m e m b e r s r e p o r t e d a t e a c h q u o t a t i o n in th e c u r r e n t s u r v e y p e r i o d .

2 C o m b i n e d d a ta f o r y e a r s 1 9 0 7 - 1 0 n o t a v a i l a b l e .


8T A B L E 2 . In d ex es1 o f union h o u r ly w age s c a le s in ea ch printing t ra d e , 1907-58

(January 2 , 1 94 8 -J u ly 1, 1949 = 100)B o o k and j o b

Y e a r B in d e ryw o m e n

B o o k b inder s

C o m p o s i t o r s ,hand

E l e c t r o typ ers

M achineo p e r a

t o r s

Machine tender s (m a c h in

i s t s )M a i l e r s

P h o to en

g r a v e r s

P r e s s a s s i s t ants and f e e d e r s

P r e s s m e n ,

cy l in d e r

P r e s s m e n ,

platen

1907: M ay 15 __ ____ _ _________ 16.7 1 7 .9 17. 1 2 0 .3 13.0 18 .4 17.31908: M ay 15 _ _________ - 18.5 1 7 .9 17. 1 2 1 .0 _ _ _ 1 4 .4 19.3 17.91909: M a y 1 5 ___________________________ - 18.7 1 7 .9 17.2 2 1 .8 - _ _ 14.6 2 0 .9 18.51910: M ay 1 5 ___________________________ - 18.9 18. 7 17.9 2 2 .6 _ - _ 14.9 2 1 .0 18 .81911: M ay 15 _____ ____ .. 19 .2 1 9 .2 18.9 2 2 .8 - - - 15.5 2 1 .5 19.2

1912: M ay 15 _ _ ____ _________ . 19.3 19 .6 19.2 2 3 .4 2 2 .4 15.8 2 1 .8 19.51913: M ay 1 5 ___________________________ - 19.8 19 .9 19.6 2 4 .0 2 2 .8 _ _ 16. 1 2 2 .1 19.81914: M ay 15 - 20. 1 2 0 . 4 2 0 .5 2 4 .2 2 2 .8 _ _ 16.6 2 2 .6 2 0 .21915: M ay 15 _ _ _ ____ _________ 1 6 . 8 2 0 .2 2 0 .5 2 0 .9 2 4 .3 2 3 .0 _ - 16 .7 2 2 .6 2 0 .21916: M ay 1 5 ___________________________ 17.1 2 0 .2 2 0 .9 2 1 .5 2 4 .3 2 3 .0 - 2 0 .5 16.9 2 2 .9 2 0 .6

1917: M a y 15 _ _ _ 18.3 2 1 .4 2 1 . 3 2 2 .2 2 4 .9 2 3 .5 2 2 .3 17.8 2 3 .4 2 1 .71918: M ay 1 5 . _ . _ 2 0 .4 24. 1 2 3 .5 2 3 .3 2 6 .9 2 5 .8 _ 2 3 .6 2 0 .8 2 5 .9 2 3 .91919: M a y 15 . . . 2 6 .4 3 0 .8 2 8 .8 2 6 .7 3 2 .5 3 1 .8 _ 2 7 .5 2 6 .8 3 1 .4 2 9 .31920: M ay 1 5 ___________________________ 3 6 .5 4 0 . 4 37. 9 3 8 .2 4 1 .3 3 9 .8 _ 3 8 .0 3 6 .8 4 0 .8 3 9 .71921: M a y 1 5 ___ _______________________ 4 2 .6 4 4 .3 4 3 . 4 4 4 .5 4 6 .8 4 6 .0 - 4 0 .5 39 .8 4 5 .0 4 4 .3

1922: M ay 1 5 ______ . . 4 1 .2 4 2 .5 4 4 . 2 4 5 . 4 4 6 .8 4 5 . 5 4 0 .9 3 8 .5 4 4 .0 4 3 .41923: M ay 1 5 ............................ 43 . 1 45. 1 4 5 . 2 4 8 .2 4 7 .7 4 6 . 4 _ 4 1 .3 4 3 .2 4 7 .5 4 5 .21924: M ay 1 5 ___________________________ 4 3 .7 47. 1 47. 3 5 0 .0 4 9 .7 4 8 .4 _ 4 4 .2 4 2 .8 4 8 .9 4 6 .61925: M a y 1 5 ............................. 4 4 .2 4 7 .6 47 . 0 4 9 .8 4 9 .7 4 8 .5 _ 4 5 . 3 4 5 .2 49 . 5 4 6 .81926: M ay 15 ________ ____ _ 4 3 . 4 4 8 .4 4 7 . 9 5 0 .3 5 0 .3 5 0 .2 - 4 8 .2 4 5 .7 5 0 .5 4 9 . 0

1927: M a y 1 5 . 4 4 . 4 4 9 .5 4 8 . 8 5 0 .9 5 2 .3 5 0 .4 5 0 .5 4 6 . 3 5 0 .6 4 9 .51928: M ay 1 5 ............................. 4 4 .6 4 9 .3 4 9 . 5 5 1 .3 5 2 .4 5 0 .7 _ 5 1 .9 4 6 .6 5 1 .0 4 8 .61929: M a y 15 .................. 4 5 . 0 4 9 .8 4 9 . 8 5 2 .5 5 3 .3 51. 1 _ 5 2 .7 4 7 .0 5 1 .9 4 9 . 41930: M a y 15 _ ______ 4 5 . 3 5 0 .4 5 0 . 9 5 4 .0 5 4 .7 5 2 .0 - 5 2 .8 4 7 .6 5 2 .8 5 0 .21931: M ay 15 . . 4 5 .5 5 0 .6 51. 1 5 5 .2 5 5 .0 5 2 .5 - 5 2 .9 4 7 .9 5 3 .2 5 0 .4

1932: M ay 15 4 4 . 4 4 8 .8 5 1 .0 5 5 .0 5 5 .0 5 2 .9 5 4 .5 4 5 .8 5 1 .8 4 9 . 41933: M a y 1 5 ___________________________ 4 2 .6 4 7 .0 4 7 . 9 5 1 .5 5 1 .6 4 9 .8 _ 5 3 .5 4 2 .7 4 8 .6 4 6 .01934: M ay 1 5 ____ _ __ ______ 4 4 .8 4 8 .8 4 8 . 4 55. 1 5 1 .7 5 1 .3 - 5 4 .3 4 4 .3 4 9 .9 4 7 .21935: M ay 15 _ _ _ _____ 4 5 .2 4 9 .4 4 9 . 3 5 6 .0 5 2 .5 5 1 .5 - 5 7 .8 4 5 .3 5 0 .6 4 7 .61936: M a y 1 5 ............................. .................... 46 . 1 50. 1 5 0 .8 5 6 .2 5 4 .3 53. 1 - 5 9 .2 4 6 .8 5 2 .7 4 9 .5

1937: M ay 1 5 _____________ ;_____________ 4 6 .8 5 1 .5 52. 7 5 6 .9 5 5 .8 5 4 .7 4 8 .1 5 9 .9 4 9 .2 5 4 .5 5 1 .81938: June 1 ........... .... ..... 4 9 . 1 5 3 .4 5 4 . 4 5 9 .5 5 7 .4 5 6 .3 5 1 .0 6 1 .4 5 1 .8 5 6 .2 5 3 . 41939: June 1 ___ _ _ __ ___ 4 9 .8 5 4 . 4 54. 7 5 9 .9 5 7 .6 5 6 .5 5 1 .9 6 1 .9 5 2 .1 5 6 .6 5 3 .91940: June 1 . _ . 5 0 .0 5 4 .7 5 5 .6 60. 1 5 8 .0 5 7 .2 5 3 .3 6 2 . 4 5 2 .4 5 6 .9 5 4 .21941: June 1 _____ 51. 1 5 5 .5 5 6 .5 6 1 .3 5 8 .5 5 7 .6 5 3 .9 6 2 .6 5 3 .0 5 7 . 4 5 4 .7

1942: July 1 _____ __ ______________ 54. 1 5 8 .4 5 8 .5 6 2 . 4 6 1 .2 6 0 .3 5 6 .7 6 3 .8 5 6 .1 6 0 .2 5 7 .41943: July 1 . . . . 5 5 .8 6 0 .6 6 0 . 2 6 4 .1 6 3 .0 62. 1 5 7 .7 64. 1 5 7 .9 6 1 .9 5 9 .21944: July 1 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5 8 .6 6 1 .5 62 . 1 6 5 .6 6 3 .5 6 3 .5 5 9 .0 6 7 .4 5 9 .2 6 2 .7 6 0 .21945: July 1 . 5 9 .8 6 1 .8 6 2 . 8 6 6 .9 6 4 .2 6 4 .5 6 0 .0 6 8 .9 6 0 .0 6 3 . 4 6 0 .91946: July 1 _____ _ _ _________ _ 7 2 .7 7 4 .0 7 3 . 4 7 6 .2 7 4 .8 7 3 .7 7 2 .6 7 8 .6 7 2 .5 7 4 .2 7 1 .9

1948: Jan. 2 9 5 .3 9 4 .6 9 4 . 2 9 3 .0 94. 1 9 4 .3 9 2 .8 9 2 .8 9 4 .8 9 4 .8 9 4 .51949: July 1 _ 104 .7 1 05 .4 105 .8 107 .0 105 .9 105 .7 107 .2 107 .2 105 .2 105 .2 105.51950: July 1 108. 1 108 .3 107. 5 110 .6 107. 1 106 .8 108 .9 110 .6 107 .8 107 .6 108 .61951: July 1 _____ 112 .7 111 .2 111 .2 114 .4 110 .6 110. 1 114 .3 114 .8 112 ,5 111 .7 113. 11952: July 1 ___________ 120 .3 119 .4 1 18 .0 119 .5 118. 1 117 .4 119 .5 123 .2 118 .7 118.9 119 .5

1953: July 1 _ _ _ 125 .7 123 .3 122 .8 123 .8 122 .6 122 .8 125 .9 128 .5 123.8 123 .4 124. 11954; July 1 ___________________________ 131 .0 126 .5 125 .8 127 .3 125 .5 126 .0 130 .9 133. 1 127 .6 126 .7 127.51955: July 1 _____________ _ _ 135 .6 130. 7 129. 7 129. 1 129 .6 130 .0 135 .4 136 .6 132. 1 130 .4 131 .81956: July 1 . _________ 139 .5 134 .8 132 .9 133 .5 132 .6 133 .2 139 .4 139 .5 135 .8 133 .7 135.61957: July 1 . 147 .2 139 .7 1 3 7 .8 138. 1 137 .7 138 .2 144 .6 143.9 140 .8 138 .0 140,91958: July 1 ______T_____ ________ 152 .2 144 .8 141 .9 143. 1 141 .7 142 .4 150 .3 148 .7 146 .0 143. 1 146,5

See footnote at end o f teb le


T A B L E 2 . In d e x e s1 o f union h o u r ly w a g e s c a le s in e a ch printing t ra d e , 190758 Continued

(January 2 , 1948July 1, 1949 = 100)N ew sp ap er

Y e a r C o m p o s i tor s , hand

M achineo p e r a

t o r s

M ach in eten d ers

( m a c h in i s t s )

M a i l e r s P h o to -e n g r a v e r s

W eb p r e s s m e n

J o u r n e y m en

M e n - in -c h ar ge

J o u r n e y m e n and m e n - i n -

c h ar ge c o m b in e d

S te r e o typ ers

1907 : M a y 15 ___________ . ______ 19.8 2 0 .3 18 .3 2 0 . !1908; M ay 15 _________ _ _ _ ______ 2 0 .9 2 1 .2 - _ _ - _ 19.5 21. 07 M a y 15 (M 1 4 4 . 8 1 2 3 . 5 1934 : M a y 15 . . . . .. 1 0 8 . 4 1 0 8 . 5 1 0 7 . 6>08 M a y 15 (M 1 3 8 . L 1 22 . 9 1935 : M a y 15 ............. 1 0 6 . 6 1 0 6 . 9 1 0 5 . 8>09 M a y 15 ____ (M 1 3 6 . 9 1 22 . 6 193 6 : M a y 15 ______ _ ____ 1 0 6 . 2 1 0 7 . 0 1 0 4 . 5>10 M a y 15 _____________________ ( l ) 1 3 6 . 5 1 2 2 . 3 193 7 : M a y 15 ________________ __ 1 0 5 . 7 1 0 6 . 8 1 0 3 . 5>11 M a y 15 1 3 3 . 2 1 3 6 . 5 1 2 2 . 3 1938 : Jun e 1 1 0 5 . 1 1 0 6 . 3 1 0 3 . 0>12 M a y 15 1 3 3 . 1 1 3 6 . 4 122 . 1 193 9 : June 1 1 0 4 . 8 1 0 6 . 0 1 0 2 . 5

>13: M a y 15 _____________________ 1 3 3 . 0 1 3 6 . 4 1 2 2 . 0 1940 Jun e 1 ----------------- ------------ 1 0 4 . 6 105 . 8 1 0 2 . 2>14 M a y 15 _ 1 3 2 . 9 1 3 6 . 4 1 2 1 . 7 194 1 Jun e 1 1 04 . 6 1 0 5 . 8 1 0 1 . 8>15:: M a y 15 ______________ ____ 1 3 2 . 9 1 3 6 . 4 1 2 1 . 6 194 2 J u l y 1 ______________________ 1 0 4 . 3 1 0 5 . 8 1 0 1 . 7>16:: M a y 15 ________________ ____ 1 3 2 . 9 1 3 6 . 4 1 2 1 . 5 194 3 J u l y 1 ______________________ 1 0 4 . 6 1 0 6 . 1 1 0 1 . 7>17;: M a y 15 ___ _____________ _ 1 3 2 . 9 1 3 6 . 4 1 2 1 . 5 1944 J u l y 1 ______________________ 104 . 6 1 0 6 . 1 1 0 1 . 7

>18: M a y 15 _____________________ 1 3 2 . 9 1 3 6 . 4 1 2 1 . 5 1945 J u l y 1 ____ ___ _________ 1 0 4 . 6 1 0 6 . 1 1 0 1 . 7>19: M a y 15 1 3 2 . 9 1 36 . 3 1 2 1 . 7 1946 J u l y 1 _ ____ 1 0 2 . 0 1 0 2 . 4 1 0 1 . 3>20: M a y 15 1 2 9 . 0 1 3 1 . 2 1 2 1 . 6 1948 J a n . 2 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 1 1 0 0 . 3>21: M a y 1 5 1 2 1 . 2 1 2 0 . 7 1 2 1 . 3 194 9 J u l y 1 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 7>22: M a y 15 ____________ ______ 1 2 0 . 8 1 1 9 . 2 1 2 3 . 6 195 0 J u l y 1 ______________________ 9 9 . 8 9 9 . 8 9 9 . 5>23: M a y 15 1 2 0 . 2 1 1 8 . 5 1 2 3 . 4 195 1 J u l v 1 99 . 7 9 9 . 5 9 9 . 4

>24: M a y 15 _____________________ 1 1 9 . 7 1 18 . 5 1 2 1 . 7 195 2 : J u ly 1 ______________________ 9 9 . 5 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 3>25: M a y 15 _____________________ 1 1 9 . 7 1 18 . 6 1 2 1 . 4 1953: : J u l y 1 ______________________ 9 9 . 5 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 3>26: M a y 15 _ __________________ 1 1 9 . 6 1 1 8 . 4 1 2 1 . 6 1954: : J u l y 1 ______________________ 9 9 . 4 9 9 . 1 9 9 . 2>27:' M a y 15 1 1 9 . 5 1 1 8 . 4 1 2 1 . 3 1955: : J u l y 1 _ _ ____ 9 9 . 2 9 8 . 9 9 9 - 1>28: M a y 1 5 __ _____ _______ _ 1 19 . 5 1 1 8 . 4 1 2 1 . 0 1956: : J u l y 1 ______________________ 9 9 . 1 9 8 . 7 9 9 . 0

>29:: M a y 15 _____________________ 1 1 9 . 4 1 1 8 . 3 1 2 0 . 8 1957: : J u l y 1 ..................................... 9 8 . 8 9 8 . 3 9 8 . 8>30: M a y 1 5 __ ___ _____ _ 1 1 9 . 3 1 1 8 . 2 1 2 0 . 6 1958: J u l y 1 ______________________ 9 8 . 5 9 8 . 0 9 8 . 6>31:: M a y 15 _ __________________ 1 1 9 . 2 1 1 8 . 2 1 20 . 6>32: M a y 15 ____ _____ 1 1 5 . 2 1 1 3 . 6 1 1 7 . 5>33: M a y 15 _____________________ 1 1 4 . 3 1 1 2 . 5 1 1 6 . 9

C o m b i n e d d a ta f o r 1 9 0 7 - 1 0 n o t a v a i l a b l e


17T A B L E 12. I n d e x e s o f u n ion w e e k l y h o u r s in e a c h p r i n t in g t r a d e , 1 9 0 7 58

( J a n u a r y 2 , 1 9 4 8 J u l y 1, 1949 = 100)

B o o k a n d j o b

Y e a r B i n d e r yw o m e n

B o o k b i n d e r s

C o m p o s i t o r s ,

h a n d ,

E l e c t r o t y p e r s

M a c h i n eo p e r a t o r s

M a c h i n et e n d e r s

( m a c h i n i s t s )

M a i l e r sP h o t o -

e n g r a v e r s

P r e s s a s s i s t a n ts a n d f e e d e r s

P r e s s m e n ,

c y l i n d e r

P r e s s m e n ,p l a t e n

1907 : M a y 15 ______________________ 1 4 1 . 7 127 . 1 1 2 9 .5 1 2 8 . 4 1 4 0 . 5 1 3 6 .8 1 3 3 . 5190 8 : M a y 15 __ _ _____ ______ - 1 2 9 . 0 127 . 1 1 2 9 .0 1 2 8 . 4 _ _ - 127 . 7 130 . 2 1 2 8 . 9190 9 : M a y 15 _____________________ - 1 2 8 . 2 127 . 1 1 2 8 .8 1 2 8 . 4 - _ - 126 . 4 128 . 3 126 . 21910 : M a y 15 ___ _ _ - 1 2 7 .8 127 . 1 1 2 5 . 4 1 2 8 . 4 - - - 1 2 6 . 2 1 2 8 . 0 1 2 6 . 0191 1 : M a y 15 " 1 2 7 . 4 127 . 1 1 2 4 .6 1 2 8 . 4 " - 1 2 6 . 2 1 2 8 . 0 1 2 6 . 0

1912 : M a y 15 _ _ 1 2 7 . 4 1 2 7 .0 1 2 4 .6 1 2 7 . 9 1 2 9 . 3 1 2 6 . 2 1 2 8 . 0 1 2 6 . 01913 : M a y 15 ____________ ______ _ - 1 2 7 . 4 1 2 7 . 0 1 2 4 . 4 1 2 7 . 9 1 2 9 . 3 - - 1 2 5 . 8 1 2 8 . 0 126 . 11914: M a y 15 ___ _____ _______ - 1 2 7 . 4 1 2 7 .0 124 . 1 1 2 7 .9 1 2 9 . 3 - - 1 2 5 .8 1 2 8 . 0 126 . 11915 : M a y 15 _ _ ____ 1 2 5 . 0 1 2 7 . 4 1 2 7 . 0 124 . 1 1 2 7 .9 1 2 9 . 3 _ - 1 2 5 . 8 1 2 8 . 0 126 . 11916 : M a y 15 _____________________ 12 5.' 0 1 2 7 . 4 1 2 7 . 0 1 2 4 .0 1 2 8 .2 1 2 9 . 5 - 1 3 3 . 1 1 2 5 . 8 1 2 8 . 0 126 . 1

1917 : M a y 15 1 2 5 . 0 1 2 7 . 4 1 2 7 .0 1 2 3 .9 1 2 8 .2 1 2 9 .5 133 . 1 1 2 5 . 8 1 2 8 . 0 126 . 1191 8 : M a y 15 ___ __ _ ___ 1 2 5 . 0 1 2 7 . 4 1 2 7 .0 1 2 3 .9 1 2 8 .2 1 2 9 .5 - 1 3 2 . 7 1 2 5 . 8 1 2 8 . 0 126 . 11919 : M a y 15 _ 1 2 5 . 0 1 2 7 . 4 1 2 7 . 0 1 2 3 .9 1 2 8 . 2 1 2 9 . 5 - 1 3 2 . 7 1 2 5 . 8 1 2 8 . 0 126 . 11920 : M a y 15 ....................................... 1 2 5 . 0 1 2 7 . 4 1 2 7 . 0 1 2 3 .8 1 2 8 . 2 1 2 9 . 5 - 1 2 2 .5 1 2 5 . 7 1 2 8 . 0 126=01921 : M a y 15 _____________________ 1 1 9 . 2 1 2 0 . 9 120 . 1 1 1 9 .9 1 2 1 .5 1 2 0 . 0 - 1 2 2 . 2 1 1 9 . 0 1 2 1 . 0 1 1 9 . 4

1922: M a y 15 _____________________ 1 1 7 . 7 1 1 9 . 7 1 1 7 . 7 1 1 8 .3 1 1 9 . 8 1 1 9 . 6 1 2 2 . 2 1 1 7 . 7 1 1 9 . 5 1 1 8 . 71923 : M a y 1 5 _ ________ 1 1 7 . 2 1 1 9 . 2 1 1 6 .5 1 1 9 .3 1 1 9 . 2 119 . 1 - 1 2 2 . 2 1 1 6 . 9 1 1 9 . 0 1 1 7 . 21924 : M a y 15 ___________________ _ 1 1 7 . 2 1 1 8 . 7 1 1 6 . 8 1 1 9 .0 1 1 8 . 8 1 1 9 . 0 _ 1 2 2 . 2 117 . 1 1 1 9 . 2 1 1 7 . 51925 : M a y 15 ______ _ _ 1 1 7 . 2 1 1 9 . 2 1 1 6 .8 120 . 1 1 1 9 .2 1 1 9 . 3 _ 1 2 2 . 5 1 1 6 . 8 1 1 8 . 6 1 1 7 . 41926 : M a y 15 _ 1 1 7 . 4 1 1 9 . 0 1 1 6 .8 120 . 1 1 1 9 . 0 1 1 9 . 0 - 1 2 2 . 2 116 . 7 1 1 8 . 4 1 1 6 .5

1927 : M a y 15 _ _ ____ 1 1 6 . 6 1 1 8 . 6 1 1 6 . 8 1 2 0 .2 1 1 9 . 2 1 1 9 . 0 1 2 2 . 2 1 1 6 . 6 1 1 8 . 4 1 1 6 .5192 8 : M a y 15 _ 1 1 6 . 5 1 1 9 . 5 1 1 6 .8 120 . 1 1 1 9 . 0 1 1 9 . 0 - 1 2 2 . 2 1 1 6 . 5 118 . 1 1 1 6 . 81929 : M a y 15 _ _ __ 1 1 6 . 7 1 1 8 . 6 1 1 6 . 8 1 1 9 .8 1 1 9 . 0 1 1 9 . 0 - 1 2 2 . 2 1 1 6 . 5 1 18 . 1 1 1 6 . 91930 : M a y 15 _____________________ 1 1 6 . 6 11& .5 1 1 6 . 8 1 1 8 . 4 1 1 9 . 0 1 1 9 . 0 _ 1 2 2 . 0 1 1 6 . 5 1 1 8 . 1 1 1 6 . 91931 : M a y 15 _ 1 1 6 . 5 1 1 8 . 4 1 1 6 . 8 1 1 7 .6 1 1 9 . 0 1 1 9 . 0 - 1 2 2 . 0 1 1 6 . 5 1 18 . 1 1 1 7 . 4

1 93 2 : M a y 1 5 _____________________ 1 1 6 . 6 1 1 8 . 3 1 1 6 .5 1 1 7 . 7 1 1 8 . 9 1 1 9 . 0 1 1 5 . 9 1 0 2 . 4 1 0 7 . 9 1 1 4 . 8193 3 : M a y 1 5 ___ ____ ____________ 1 1 6 . 6 1 1 8 . 2 1 1 2 . 8 1 1 1 .6 1 1 3 . 8 113 . 1 - 1 1 2 . 0 1 0 8 . 2 1 0 9 . 2 1 12 . 11934 : M a y 15 109 . 1 1 1 0 . 4 1 1 0 .0 1 0 8 . 0 1 1 0 . 6 1 0 8 .9 - 1 1 0 . 6 1 0 4 . 5 1 0 5 . 4 1 0 7 . 51935 : M a y 15 1 0 8 . 4 1 0 8 . 6 1 0 8 .0 1 0 5 . 7 1 0 8 .5 1 0 8 . 0 - 1 0 6 . 2 1 0 4 . 3 1 05 . 1 1 0 6 . 71936 : M a y 15 _____________________ 1 0 7 . 9 1 0 8 . 6 . 1 0 7 .1 1 0 3 . 7 1 0 7 . 6 1 0 7 . 3 - 104 . 8 1 0 7 . 0 1 0 7 . 2 1 0 6 . 7

1937 : M a y 15 ____ _ _________ 1 0 7 . 3 1 0 8 . 6 1 0 7 .0 1 0 3 . 4 1 0 7 . 5 1 0 7 . 3 1 0 7 . 6 104 . 1 1 0 6 . 8 1 0 6 . 8 1 0 6 . 21938 : J u n e 1 __ 1 0 6 . 8 1 0 8 . 2 1 0 6 . 8 1 0 1 .3 1 0 7 .2 1 0 7 . 2 1 0 7 . 6 103 . 1 1 0 6 . 6 1 0 6 . 4 1 0 5 . 91939 : Jun e 1 _ __ 1 0 5 . 5 1 0 6 . 8 1 0 6 . 8 1 0 0 .2 1 0 7 . 2 107 . 1 1 0 7 . 6 1 0 2 . 4 1 0 6 . 6 1 0 6 . 4 1 0 5 . 91940 : J une 1 _____ ________ _____ _ 1 0 5 . 5 1 0 6 . 8 1 0 6 . 8 9 7 . 8 1 0 7 . 2 107 . 1 1 0 7 . 0 1 0 2 . 3 1 0 6 . 6 1 0 6 . 4 1 0 5 . 91941 : Jun e 1 --------------------------------- 1 0 5 . 5 1 0 6 . 7 1 0 6 .8 9 7 . 8 1 0 7 . 2 107 . 1 1 0 7 . 0 1 0 2 . 2 1 0 6 . 6 1 0 6 . 4 1 0 5 . 7

1942 : J u l y 1 _ . . . ___ 1 0 5 . 8 1 0 6 . 8 1 0 6 .8 9 7 . 8 1 0 7 . 2 107 . 1 1 0 7 . 0 1 0 1 . 8 1 0 6 . 6 1 0 6 . 4 1 0 5 . 71943 : J u l y 1 ___ . . . 1 0 5 . 8 1 0 6 . 8 1 0 6 .8 1 0 5 .8 1 0 7 . 2 107 . 1 107 . 0 1 0 1 . 7 1 0 6 . 6 1 0 6 . 4 1 0 5 . 71944 : J u l y 1 . . . ............................ 1 0 5 .8 1 0 6 .8 1 0 6 .8 1 0 5 .8 1 0 7 .2 107 . 1 1 0 7 .0 1 0 1 .7 1 0 6 .6 1 0 6 . 4 1 0 5 .7194 5 : J u ly 1 .................................... 1 0 5 .8 1 0 6 .8 1 0 6 .8 1 0 5 .8 1 0 7 .2 107 . 1 1 0 7 .0 1 0 1 .7 1 0 6 .6 1 0 6 . 4 1 0 5 .71946: J u l y l --------------------------------- 1 0 2 . 4 1 0 2 .2 102 . 1 1 0 3 .4 1 0 1 .8 1 0 2 .3 1 0 2 .0 1 0 1 .2 1 0 3 .9 1 0 2 .2 1 0 2 .4

1948: J a n _ 2 _____________________ 1 0 0 . 1 1 00 . 1 1 00 . 1 1 0 0 . 3 100 . 1 100 . 1 9 9 . 9 1 0 0 . 2 100 . 1 100 . 1 100 . 1194 9 : J u l y 1 I 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 7 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 100 . 1 9 9 . 8 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9195 0 : J u ly 1 _ 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 7 9 9 . 8 9 9 . 1 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 8 1 00 . 1 9 9 . 4 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9195 1 : J u l y 1 .................................... 9 9 . 6 9 9 . 4 9 9 . 7 9 8 . 8 9 9 . 8 9 9 . 8 9 8 . 5 9 8 . 8 9 9 . 6 9 9 . 8 9 9 . 7195 2 : J u l y 1 . . _ 9 9 . 4 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 7 9 7 . 9 9 9 . 8 9 9 . 8 9 7 . 8 9 8 . 1 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 5 9 9 . 1

1953: J u l y 1 . 9 9 . 4 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 7 9 7 . 8 9 9 . 8 9 9 . 8 9 7 . 8 9 8 . 0 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 5 9 9 . 01954 : J u l y 1 . 9 9 . 3 9 9 . 1 9 9 . 3 9 7 . 8 9 9 . 4 9 9 . 6 9 7 . 8 9 7 . 9 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 5 9 9 . 01955 : J u ly 1 . . . . . 9 9 . 1 9 9 . 0 9 9 . 0 9 7 . 8 9 9 . 1 9 9 . 1 9 7 . 8 9 7 . 7 9 8 . 9 9 9 . 3 98 41956 : J u ly 1 ______________ _ ___ 9 8 . 9 9 8 . 8 9 8 . 8 9 7 . 1 9 8 . 9 9 8 . 8 9 7 . 5 9 7 . 6 9 8 . 8 9 9 . 2 9 8 . 11957 : J u l y 1 9 8 . 4 9 8 . 5 9 8 . 5 9 6 . 5 9 8 . 5 9 8 . 5 9 7 . 4 9 7 . 4 9 8 . 3 9 8 . 8 9 6 . 91958 : J u ly 1 9 8 . 0 9 8 . 2 9 8 . 3 9 6 . 4 9 8 . 3 9 8 . 4 9 7 . 2 9 7 . 0 9 7 . 9 9 8 . 3 9 6 . 4


18

T A B L E 1 2 . I n d e x e s o f u n io n w e e k l y h o u r s in e a c h p r i n t in g t r a d e , 1 9 0 7 - 5 8 C o n t i n u e d

( J a n u a r y 2 , 1 9 4 8 - J u l y l , 1949 1 0 0 )____________

N e w s p a p e r

Y e a r C o m p o s i t o r s ,h a n d

M a c h i n eo p e r a

t o r s

M a c h i n et e n d e r s( m a c h i n

i s t s )M a i l e r s P h o t o - e n g r a v e r s

W e b p r e s s m e n

S t e r e o t y p e r si J o u r n e y

m e nM e n - i n c h a r g e

J o u r n e y m e n a n d m e n - i n -

c h a r g e c o m b i n e d

1 90 7 : M a y 1 5 _________ _______ ____ ________ 1 2 4 . 3 1 2 6 . 2 1 1 6 . 3 1 2 7 . 31 9 0 8 : M a y 15 1 2 4 . 2 1 2 6 . 2 - _ _ _ _ 1 1 4 . 3 1 2 5 . 51 9 0 9 : M a y 15 _ _________________ ________ 1 2 4 . 2 1 2 6 . 2 - - - _ _ 1 1 3 . 4 1 2 4 . 11 91 0 : M a y 15 1 2 4 . 2 1 2 6 . 2 - - - - - 1 1 3 . 1 1 2 2 . 71 91 1 : M a y 15 _ .......... _ . . _ 1 2 4 . 2 1 2 6 . 2 - - - - - 1 1 3 . 1 1 2 1 . 6

1 9 1 2 : M a y 15 _ _ ----- 1 2 3 . 8 1 2 5 . 9 1 2 9 . 0 1 1 2 . 8 1 2 2 . 11 91 3 : M a y 15 -------- ------- 1 2 3 . 8 1 2 5 . 8 1 2 9 . 0 - - _ _ 1 1 2 . 8 1 2 2 . 21 9 1 4 : M a y 15 ___________ _ _____ 1 2 3 . 5 1 2 5 . 4 1 2 8 . 9 - - _ _ 1 1 2 . 8 1 2 2 . 01 91 5 : M a y 15 _ 1 2 3 . 4 1 2 5 . 0 1 2 8 . 6 - - _ _ 1 1 2 . 8 1 2 1 . 91 9 1 6 : M a y 15 _ _ _ _ _ .... ---- 1 2 3 . 2 1 2 4 . 9 1 2 8 . 5 - 1 2 3 . 8 - - 1 1 2 . 8 1 2 1 . 9

1 91 7 : M a y 15 1 2 3 . 2 1 2 4 . 9 1 2 8 . 5 . 1 2 3 . 8 1 1 2 . 7 1 2 1 . 81 91 8 : M a y 15 1 2 3 . 4 1 2 5 . 2 1 2 8 . 6 - 1 2 2 . 5 - _ 1 1 2 . 7 1 2 1 . 8191 9 : M a y 15 ___ . _ _ _ ________ __ 1 2 3 . 4 1 2 5 . 2 1 2 8 . 6 - 1 2 2 . 1 _ 1 1 3 . 5 1 2 1 . 91 92 0 : M a y 15 _ . ____ __________ 1 2 3 . 7 1 2 5 . 3 1 2 8 . 7 - 1 2 0 . 8 _ _ 1 1 3 . 1 1 2 1 . 31 92 1 : M a y 15 _ 1 2 3 . 5 1 2 5 . 0 1 2 8 . 7 - 1 1 7 . 2 - - 1 1 2 . 8 1 1 9 . 6

1 92 2 : M a y 1 5 __________________ ________________ 1 2 4 . 9 1 2 6 . 9 1 2 9 . 6 1 1 8 . 0 1 1 8 . 8 1 2 1 . 9192 3 : M a y 1 5 _ _ _ _ _ 1 2 4 . 9 1 2 6 . 7 1 2 9 . 6 - 1 1 6 . 8 - _ 1 1 8 . 1 1 2 1 . 8192 4 : M a y 15 _ ------ _ _ 1 2 3 . 7 1 2 5 . 0 1 2 8 . 7 - 1 1 6 . 8 _ _ 1 1 4 . 5 1 2 1 . 7192 5 : M a y 15 ____ ________________ 1 2 3 . 6 1 2 5 . 0 1 2 9 . 5 - 1 1 6 . 0 - - 1 1 3 . 7 1 2 1 . 2192 6 : M a y 15 _ 1 2 3 . 8 1 2 4 . 7 1 2 9 . 1 - 1 1 5 . 6 - - 115 . 1 1 2 1 . 2

192 7 : M a y 15 1 2 3 . 1 1 2 4 . 5 1 2 8 . 4 1 1 6 . 0 1 1 4 . 8 1 2 1 . C1 92 8 : M a y 15 _ _ _ _ 1 2 2 . 9 1 2 4 . 2 1 2 8 . 6 - 1 1 5 . 8 - - 1 1 4 . 4 1 2 1 . 61 9 2 9 : M a y 15 _ _ _ 1 22 . 3 1 2 4 . 3 1 2 8 . 2 - 1 1 5 . 8 - - 1 1 4 . 7 1 2 0 . 7193 0 : M a y 15 1 2 1 . 9 124 . 1 1 2 8 . 0 - 1 1 5 . 7 - _ 1 1 4 . 5 1 2 0 . 7193 1 : M a y 1 5 ___________________ _______ _____ 1 2 1 . 9 124 . 1 1 2 8 . 0 - 1 1 5 . 3 1 1 4 . 5 1 2 0 . 9

193 2 : M a y 15 __ _ _ _____ - ._ _ _ 1 1 9 . 4 1 1 9 . 2 1 1 9 . 1 1 1 5 . 1 1 1 2 . 2 1 1 9 . 9193 3 : M a y 1 5 ______ 1 1 8 . 1 1 1 8 . 4 1 18 . 1 - 1 1 5 . 4 - _ 1 1 3 . 2 1 1 8 . 41934 : M a y 15 ___ ____ _ _____________ 1 0 6 . 1 1 0 5 . 9 1 0 6 . 0 - 1 1 0 . 6 - - 1 0 7 . 7 1 1 4 . 61935 : M a y 15 1 0 4 . 7 1 0 4 . 8 1 0 4 . 4 - 1 0 7 . 0 - _ 1 0 5 . 3 1 1 2 . 01936 : M a y 15 . _ ... 1 1 3 . 0 1 0 2 . 8 1 0 2 . 5 - 1 0 6 . 7 - - 1 0 4 . 9 1 1 1 . 4

193 7 : M a y 15 __ _ _ __________ 1 0 2 . 1 1 0 2 . 1 1 0 2 . 2 1 0 2 . 7 1 0 5 . 6 1 0 3 . 5 1 0 9 . 4193 8 : J u n e 1 1 0 2 . 1 1 0 2 . 0 1 02 . 1 1 0 2 . 7 1 0 2 . 6 - _ 1 0 2 . 9 1 0 7 . 21939 : Ju n e 1 _ 1 0 2 . 0 1 0 2 . 0 1 0 2 . 1 1 0 3 . 5 1 0 2 . 4 1 0 2 . 2 1 0 1 . 8 1 0 2 . 2 1 0 4 . 01940 : J u n e 1 1 0 1 . 6 1 0 1 . 8 1 0 2 . 0 1 0 2 . 7 1 0 2 . 2 1 0 2 . 0 1 0 1 . 6 1 0 2 . 0 1 0 3 . 0194 1 : J u n e 1 1 0 1 . 5 1 0 1 . 6 1 0 1 . 9 1 0 2 . 7 1 0 2 . 1 1 0 1 . 6 1 0 1 . 4 1 0 1 . 6 1 0 1 . 8

194 2 : J u l y 1 1 0 1 . 4 1 0 1 . 4 1 0 1 . 5 1 0 2 . 2 1 0 1 . 8 1 0 1 . 5 1 0 1 . 3 1 0 1 . 5 1 0 1 . 7194 3 : J u l y 1 . . . . 1 0 1 . 4 1 0 1 . 4 1 0 1 . 5 1 0 2 . 2 1 0 1 . 8 1 0 1 . 5 1 0 1 . 3 1 0 1 . 5 1 0 1 . 6194 4 : J u l y 1 ______________________________________ 1 0 1 . 5 1 0 1 . 5 1 0 1 . 6 1 0 2 . 2 1 0 1 . 8 1 0 1 . 5 1 0 1 . 3 1 0 1 . 5 1 0 1 . 61 94 5 : J u l y 1 1 0 1 . 5 1 0 1 . 5 101 ..6 1 0 2 . 2 1 0 1 . 8 1 0 1 . 5 1 0 1 . 3 1 0 1 . 5 1 0 1 . 6194 6 : J u l y 1 1 0 1 . 1 1 0 1 . 0 1 0 1 . 2 102 . 1 1 0 1 . 5 1 01 . 1 1 0 0 . 9 1 0 1 . 1 1 0 1 . 0

194 8 : J a n . 2 _ _ _ __ 1 00 . 1 1 00 . 1 1 00 . 1 1 0 0 . 2 1 0 0 . 6 1 0 0 . 5 1 0 0 . 4 1 0 0 . 5 1 0 0 . 4194 9 : J u l y 1 .................................................................. 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 8 9 9 . 4 9 9 . 5 9 9 . 6 9 9 . 5 9 9 . 6195 0 : J u l y 1 ............ ................................ ................ 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 6 9 9 . 0 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 1 9 9 . 2 9 9 . 3195 1 : J u l y 1 ........................................................... .......... 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 9 9 9 . 6 9 9 . 9 9 8 . 9 9 8 . 7 9 8 . 9 9 9 . 01952 : J u l y 1 ----------------------------------------------------------- 9 9 . 8 9 9 . 8 9 9 . 8 9 9 . 5 9 8 . 8 9 8 . 9 9 8 . 7 9 8 . 9 9 8 . 7

1953 : J u l y 1 _____ 9 9 . 7 9 9 . 7 9 9 . 8 9 9 . 4 9 8 . 8 9 9 . 1 9 8 . 9 9 9 . 1 9 8 . 61954 : J u l y 1 ................... .............................. 9 9 . 6 9 9 . 6 9 9 . 7 9 9 . 3 9 8 . 7 9 9 . 0 9 8 . 8 9 9 . 0 9 8 . 51955 : J u l y 1 ......................... . _ __ 9 9 . 5 9 9 . 6 9 9 . 6 9 9 . 1 9 8 . 6 9 8 . 9 9 8 . 7 9 8 . 9 9 8 . 4195 6 : J u l y 1 ........................................................ 9 9 . 4 9 9 . 5 9 9 . 5 9 9 . 1 9 8 . 5 9 8 . 9 9 8 . 7 9 8 . 9 9 8 . 41957 ; J u l y 1 ............................................. 9 9 . 3 9 9 . 3 9 9 . 4 9 8 . 9 9 8 . 4 9 8 . 5 9 8 . 1 9 8 . 4 9 8 . 3195 8 : J u l y 1 .................................................................... 9 9 . 1 9 9 . 0 9 9 . 1 9 8 . 7 9 8 . 1 9 8 . 2 9 7 . 8 9 8 . 1 9 8 . 3


19T A B L E 13. U nion s c a le s o f w ages and h ou rs in the p rin tin g tra d es in 53 c i t ie s , Ju ly 1, 1957, and July 1, 1958

T ra d e o r occu p a tion

A T L A N T A , GA.

B ook and jo b

B in d e ry w om en -------------------------------B o o k b in d e r s ---------------------------------------C o m p o s ito r s , hand -------------------------E le c tr o ty p e rs ----------------------------------M ach in e o p e ra to r s --------------------------M ach in e ten d ers (m a c h in is t s ) ------M a ile r s ---------------------------------------------P h otoen g ra ve r s :

A g re e m e n t A ------------------------------A g re e m e n t B ------------------------------

P r e s s a ss is ta n ts and f e e d e r s ------

P r e s s m e n , cy lin d e r -----------------------2 - c o l o r -----------------------------------------O ffse t:

O ver 21 x 28 in c h e s -------------U nder 21 x 28 in ch es ----------2 - c o l o r ------------------------------------

P e r fe c to r -------------------------------------R o ta ry , r o l l - and s h e e t - fe d :

In ch a rg e -------------------------------F ir s t p r e s s m e n --------------------S econ d p r e s s m e n -----------------

R oto g ra vu r e :F ir s t p r e s s m e n --------------------S econ d p r e s s m e n -----------------

P r e s s m e n , p l a t e n ---------------------------S te re o ty p e rs -------------------------------------

N ew sp ap er

C o m p o s i t o r s , h an d d a y w o r k -----C o m p o s i t o r s , han d n ig h tw o r k M a c h in e o p e r a t o r s d a y w o r k -------M a c h in e o p e r a t o r s n ig h t w o r k M a c h in e t e n d e r s ( m a c h in is t s )

d a y w o r k -------------------------------------------M a c h in e t e n d e r s ( m a c h in is t s )

n i g h t w o r k -------------------------------------------M a i l e r s d a y w o r k ----------------------------M a i le r s n ig h t w o r k -------------------------P h o to e n g r a v e r s d a y w o r k -------------P h o t o e n g r a v e r s n i g h t w o r k ----------P r e s s m e n , w e b d a y w o r k -------------P r e s s m e n , w e b n i g h t w o r k ----------P r e s s m e n - i n - c h a r g e d a y w o r k P r e s s m e n - i n - c h a r g e n ig h tw o r kS te r e o ty p e rs ----d a y w o r k -----------------S t e r e o t y p e r s n i g h t w o r k ----------------

B A L T IM O R E , M D .

B o o k and j o b

B in d e r y w o m e n ----------------------------------B o ok b in d ers -------------------------------------C o m p o s i t o r s , h an d ---------------------------E le c tr o ty p e r s ----------------------------------M a c h in e o p e r a t o r s ----------------------------M a c h in e t e n d e r s ( m a c h i n i s t s ) -------M a i le r s --------------------------------------------------P h o t o e n g r a v e r s ----------------------------------

R o to g ra v u re --------------------------------P r e s s a s s i s t a n t s and f e e d e r s :

C y l i n d e r -------------------------------------------O ff s e t :

22 in c h e s and u n d e r -------------O v e r 22 in c h e s to 3 4 in c h e sO v e r 34 in c h e s ------------------------

P la t e n o r s m a l l a u t o m a t i c -------2 - c o l o r -----------------------------------------

JH< u n less o th e rw ise in d ica ted )J u l y 1/

1 9 5 7J u l y 1, 1 9 5 8

Rate Rate Hoursper per per

hour hour week

$ 1 .5 1 0 $ 1 .5 7 0 3 7 y , ]2 . 815 2 .9 1 5 3 7 y ,2 . 840 2 .9 4 0 3 7 y ,3. 020 3. 120 3 7 y ,2 . 840 2 .9 4 0 3 7 y ,2 . 840 2 .9 4 0 3 7y2 . 670 2 . 770 3 7 y ,

3. 067 3 .1 3 3 3 7 y ,3. 186 3 .2 8 6 3 7 y , ]1 .8 7 5 1 .9 4 0 3 7 y ,1 .9 2 5 1 .9 9 0 37 V,2 . 770 2 . 870 37 V, 2 . 870 2 .9 7 0 3 7 y ,

2 .9 4 0 3 .0 4 0 371/ ,2 . 770 2 .8 7 0 3 7 y ,3. 070 3. 170 3 7 y ,2 . 800 2 .9 0 0 3 7 y , (

2 .9 4 0 3 .0 4 0(

3 7 y , i2 . 640 2 . 740 3 7 y , i2 . 555 2 . 655 3 7 1/ , 1

2 .9 4 0 3. 040 3 7y ,2 . 640 2 . 740 3 7 V,2 . 770 2 . 870 37 V,3. 073 3. 173 3 7y ,

2 .9 7 3 3 .0 5 3 3 7 y ,3. 080 3. 187 3 7 y ,2 .9 7 3 3. 053 3 71/ ,3. 080 3. 187 37 V,

2 .9 7 3 3 .0 5 3 3 7V,

3. 080 3. 187 3 7 y ,2 . 530 2 . 620 3 7 V,2 . 580 2 .6 7 3 371/ ,3. 160 3 .2 4 0 3 7V,3. 320 3 .4 0 0 3 7*/,2 .9 5 3 3. 033 3 71/ ,3. 061 3. 167 3 7 y ,3 .2 2 0 3. 300 3 7 1/ ,3. 328 3 .4 3 3 3 7 V,2 .9 5 3 3. 033 37 V,3. 061 3. 166 3 7*/,

1 .3 3 0 1 .3 9 0 371/ ,2 . 450 2 . 550 3 7 y ,2 . 760 2 . 880 37*/,2 . 750 2 . 800 37 V,2 . 760 2 . 880 3 7*/,2 . 760 2 .8 8 0 3 7 y ,2 . 363 2 .4 6 5 403. 107 1 3 .1 0 7 3 7*/,3. 440 1 3 .4 4 0 3 7 y ,

2 .2 6 0 2 . 340 37 V,

1 .4 0 0 1 .4 5 0 3 7 y ,1 .8 0 0 1 .870 3 7 y ,2 .2 6 0 2 .3 4 0 3 7 V,1 .8 0 0 1 .8 7 0 3 7 y ,2 . 320 2 .4 0 0 3 7 y ,

T ra d e o r o ccu p a tion

B A L T IM O R E , M D . C ontinued

B ook and jo b C ontinued

1 a u tom a tic ,u p to 31 in ch es -----2 a u tom atics, up to 31 in ch es O ffse t :

22 in ch es and un der -------------O ver 22 in ch es to 34 in ch es O ver 34 i n c h e s -----------------------

S in g le -c o lo r , o v e r 31 in ch es 2 - c o l o r -------------------------------------

A g re e m e n t A A g re e m e n t B

N ew sp ap er

n ig h tw o rk d a y w o r k --------n ig h tw o r k ------

d ayw ork

n ig h t w o r k -----------------------------------------t a i le r s d a yw ork ---------------------------

igh tw ork ------------------------

n ightw ork ---------------

w eb n ig h t w o r k --------

n ightw ork

BIRM IN GH AM , A L A .

B ook and jo b

F o re la d ie s

F o r e m e n -------jm p o s it o r s , hai

A g re e m e n t A A g re e m e n t B

A g re e m e n t A ------------------A g re e m e n t B ------------------

P h o to e n g ra v e rs

C y lin d er j o b ---------

P r e s s m e n , c y l i n d e r -----O f f s e t ---------------------------R o ta ry -----T en s ion m en

P r e s s m e n , p laten

N ew sp ap er

C o m p o s ito r s , hand d ayw ork C o m p o s ito r s , hand n igh tw ork -M ach in e o p e ra to r s d a y w o r k ------M ach in e o p e ra to r s n igh tw ork

J u l y 1, 1 9 5 7

J u l y 1, 1 9 5 8


hour hour week

$ 2 ,5 3 0 $ 2 .6 2 0 3 7 y ,2 .5 8 0 2 . 670 3 7 y ,

2 . 560 2 . 650 37*/,2 . 760 2 .8 6 0 37*/,2 .8 8 0 2 .9 8 0 3 7 y ,2 . 760 2 .8 6 0 3 7 y ,2 .8 8 0 2 .9 8 0 3 7 y ,

2 . 360 2 .4 5 0 3 7 y ,2 .4 1 0 2 . 500 37*/,

2 . 630 2 . 750 3 7 y ,3 .0 6 7 3. 173 37*/,

3. 130 3 .2 4 0 3 6* /,3 .2 6 6 3. 370 36*/,3. 130 3 .2 4 0 36*/,3 .2 6 6 3 .3 7 0 36*/,

3. 130 3 .2 4 0 36*/,

3 .2 6 6 3 .3 7 0 36*/,2 . 363 2 .4 6 5 402 . 700 2 .8 1 4 353. 353 3 .4 6 0 3 7 y ,3. 513 3. 620 3 7 y ,3 .0 0 0 3. 107 3 7 y ,3 .2 1 4 3. 329 353 .2 0 0 3 .3 0 7 37 V,3 .4 2 8 3. 543 352 .9 9 3 3. 100 3 7 y ,3 .2 0 7 3 .3 2 1 35

1 .5 4 0 1. 580 37*/,1. 600 1 .6 4 0 37*/,2 . 830 2 .9 2 0 37*/,2 .9 6 0 3. 050 37 */,

2 . 940 3. 020 3 7 y ,3. 180 3 .2 3 0 37*/,3. 147 3 .2 0 0 3 7 y ,

2 .9 4 0 3. 020 37*/,3. 180 3 .2 5 0 37 V,2 .9 4 0 3. 020 37*/,2 . 794 3. 066 *37*/,3. 310 3. 380 35

1 .8 9 7 1 .9 8 0 37*/,1 .4 3 6 1 .5 4 0 37 V,2 . 710 2 .9 2 0 37*/,2 . 710 2 .9 2 0 3 7 y ,3. 175 3. 175 403. 000 3. 000 402 . 710 2 .9 2 0 37 */,

2 . 940 3. 033 3 7 y ,3. 040 3. 133 37*/,2 .9 4 0 3 .0 3 3 37 V,3. 040 3. 133 37*/,

See footn otes at end o f ta b le .

N O T E : W hen m o r e than one un ion s ca le was in e f fe c t fo r the sam e o ccu p a tion in a p a r t ic u la r c ity , le tte rs o f the a lph abet w e re used to design ate the va r io u s e ffe c t iv e a g re e m e n ts . The sequ en ce o f the le tte rs does not in d ica te the re la tiv e im p orta n ce o f the a g re e m e n ts o r the s c a le s .


2 0

T A B L E 13. U nion s c a le s o f w ages and h ou rs in the p rin tin g tra d es in 53 c i t ie s , July 1, 1957, and July 1, 1958 C ontinued

T r a d e o r o c c u p a t io n

J u l y 1, 1 9 5 7

J u l y 1, 1 9 5 8


hour hour week

$ 2 ,9 4 0 $ 3 .0 3 3/22 .9 0 6 3 .0 5 2 37Y 23 .4 4 0 3 . 559 3 7*/2

See foo tn ote at end o f tab le .


2T A B L E 13. U nion s c a le s o f w a ges and h ou rs in the p rin tin g tra d es in 53 c i t ie s , July 1, 1957 ,and July 1, 1958 C ontinued


J u l y 1, 1 9 5 7

J u l y 1, 1 9 5 8


hour hour week

$ 3 . 573 $ 3 . 6 9 2 3 7 1/ ,

3 . 0 9 0 3 . 2 0 0 3 7 /23 . 108 3 . 2 1 3 3 7 V ,3 . 0 9 3 3 . 2 0 0 3 7>/23 . 2 9 3 3 . 4 0 0 3 7 l/2

3 . 2 2 7 3 . 3 3 3 3 7 '/ 23 . 2 4 1 3 . 3 4 8 37*/23 . 2 2 7 3 . 3 3 3 3 7*/23 . 42 7 3 . 5 33 3 7 V i

3 . 3 6 0 3 . 4 6 7 3 7 y 23 . 3 0 8 3 . 4 1 4 3 7 y 23 . 2 9 3 3 . 4 0 0 3 7 /2

3 . 4 9 3 3 . 6 0 0 3 7>/23 . 4 4 1 3 . 5 4 8 3 7 V 23 . 4 2 7 3 . 5 33 3 7 y 23 . 081 3 . 2 0 0 3 7'/23 . 2 1 4 3 . 3 3 0 3 7/2

2 . 3 6 0 1 2 . 3 6 0 4 02 . 3 6 0 l Z . 3 6 0 4 02 . 3 6 0 l Z . 3 6 0 4 0

2 . 8 0 0 2 . 8 6 7 3 7>/22 . 9 3 3 3 . 0 0 0 3 7 y 22 . 8 0 0 2 . 8 6 7 3 7 y 22 . 9 3 3 3 . 0 0 0 3 7 y 2

2 . 8 0 0 2 . 8 6 7 3 7 /2

2 . 9 3 3 3 . 0 0 0 3 7 y 22 . 720 2 . 8 0 0 37*/22 . 8 5 3 2 . 9 3 3 3 7>/22 . 9 8 6 3 . 0 6 7 3 7 y 23 . 1 2 0 3 . 2 0 0 3 7 y 22 . 72 0 2 . 8 0 0 3 7 y 22 . 8 5 3 2 . 9 3 3 3 7 V 2

1 . 8 4 3 1 . 9 1 1 3 6 1/,

1 . 8 0 1 1 . 8 7 0 3 6 V 41 . 9 8 0 2 . 0 4 0 3 6 y

T rad e o r o ccu p a tion

J u l y 1, 1 9 5 7

perhour

J u l y 1, 1 9 5 8

Rateper

hour

Hoursper

week

B U F F A L O , N. Y . ----C ontinued

N ew sp ap er C ontinue d

P h o to e n g ra v e rs n igh tw ork P r e s s m e n , w eb dayw ork :

A g re e m e n t A -----------------------A g re e m e n t B ----------------------A g re e m e n t C ----------------------C o lo r m e n ----------------------------

P r e s s m e n , w eb n ightw ork :A g re e m e n t A ----------------------A g re e m e n t B ----------------------A g re e m e n t C ---------------------C o lo r m e n

P r e s s m e n - in -c h a r g e dayw ork :A g re e m e n t A ----------------------------------------A g re e m e n t B ----------------------------------------A g re e m e n t C ----------------------------------------

P r e s s m e n - in -c h a r g e -A g re e m e n t A --------A g re e m e n t B --------A g re e m e n t C

nightw ork :

S te re o ty p e rs da yw ork S te r e o ty p e rs n ightw ork

C H A R L O T T E , N. C .

B ook and jo b

C o m p o s ito r s , hand ------------M ach in e o p e ra to rsM ach in e ten d ers (m a ch in ists )

N ew sp ap er

C o m p o s ito r s , hand d ayw ork C o m p o s ito r s , hand n igh tw ork -M ach in e o p e ra to r s d a y w o r k -----M ach in e o p e ra to r s n ightw ork M ach in e ten d ers (m a ch in ists )

d a y w o r k -----------------------------------------M achine ten d ers (m a ch in ists )

n igh tw ork P r e s s m e n , w eb----d ayw ork --------------P r e s s m e n , w eb n igh tw ork ----------P r e s s m e n - in -c h a r g e d a y w o r k ----P r e s s m e n - in -c h a r g e n igh tw ork -S te re o ty p e rs d ayw ork --------------------S te r e o ty p e rs n ightw ork -----------------

C H ICAGO, IL L .

B o o k and jo b

B in d e ry w om en :G a th e re rs , c o i la te r s , s t itch e r s

c o v e r in g and thread s e w e r s , m a i le r s , b lan k book s e w e r s , paging and n u m b e ring m ach in e o p e ra to rs ------------

A u tom a tic s t itch e r s fe e d e r s , fo ld in g o r ru lin g m a ch ine f e e d e r s , m ach in e o p e r a to r s , r o ta ry , p e r fo r a t ing and punching m a ch ine o p e r a t o r s , table w o r k e rs ---------------------------------------

C H ICAGO, IL L . - Continued

F o re w o m e n . -

B ook and job ----C ontinued

B o o k b in d e rs :A g re e m e n t A :

C o m m e r c ia l w ork :F o r w a r d e r s clo th , le a th e r ,

jo b f in is h e r s ; o p e r a to r s , p a p er cu tte rs ; p a p er j o g g e r s ; sh eet s tra ig h te n e rs ; o p e r a to r s , t r im m e r s ; o p e r a to r s , au tom a tic s titch in g m a ch in e s ; o p e r a to r s , ga th erin g m a ch in e s ; o p e r a to r s , a u tom a tic b inding m a ch in e s ; o p e r a t o r s , c o v e r in g m a ch in e s ; o p e r a to r s , com b in a tion ga th erin g and s titch in g m a ch in e s ; o p e r a to r s , Kast o r S heridan in se rtin g m a ch in es (1); o p e r a to r s , fo ld in g m a ch in e s , au to m a tic feed ( l ) ; o p e r a to r s , a u tom a tic feed p e r fo r a t ing m a ch in es ------------------------

O p e ra to rs , fo ld in g m ach in eand fe e d e r h a n d -fed ( l ) -----

O p e ra to rs - in -c h a r g e sto ckand cutting m a c h in e -------------

O p e ra to rs , fo ld in g m ach in e a u tom a tic feed (2)

O p e r a to r s - in -c h a r g e o f ga th erin g , stitch in g and co v e r in g m ach in e com b in a tion

O p e ra to rs , fo ld in g m ach inea u tom a tic fe e d ( 3 ) ----------------

O p e r a to rs , K ast o r S heridan in se rtin g m ach in e witht r im m e r attachm ent ( l ) ------

E d ition b ind ing :F o r w a r d e r s clo th , lea th er

and jo b ; f in is h e r s ; o p e r a t o r s , p a p er cu tte rs ; p ap er jo g g e r s , sh eet s tra ig h te n e r s ; o p e r a to r s , au tom a tic stitch in g m a ch in e s ; o p e r a t o r s , ga th erin g m a ch in es ; o p e r a to r s , b inding m a ch in es ; o p e r a to r s , c o m b in a tion ga therin g and stitch in g m a ch in e s ; o p e r a t o r s , fo ld in g m a ch in e s , a u tom a tic feed ( l ) ; o p e r a t o r s , a u tom a tic feed p e r fo ra tin g m a ch in es ----------------

O p e r a to rs , fo ld in g m ach in es and fe e d e r s ; h a n d -fed ( l ) r

C a s e -m a k e r s , hand o r m a ch ine o p e r a to r s , o p e r a t o r s - in -c h a r g e , c a s in g - in -m a - ch in es ; edge g ild e r s ; m a r b - le r s ; s ta m p e rs ; o p e r a to r s , a u tom a tic rou n d ers and b a c k e r s , au tom a tic glu ing m a ch in e s , lin ing m a ch in e s , s to ck cu tte rs , b in d e r s ' s to ck headm en ; o p e r a to r s ,round c o r n e r m a ch in es --------

B ook p r e s s e r s ; hand g lu e rs C a s e r s , h e lp e r s , p a s te r s ,

s m a s h e r s , s a w y e rs , g e n era l w o r k e r s , and tipping fo r g i ld e r s ; b o o k r e p a ir e r s

O p e ra to rs , non au tom aticglu ing m a ch in es --------------------

O p e r a to r s , indexin g m a c h in e s ; s to ck cu tte rs , b in d e rs ---------

$ 3 . 0 1 2 $ 3 . 1 0 2 3 6 1,

2 . 9 5 6 3 . 102 36*

3 . 112 3 . 2 0 2 3 6 1,

3 . 0 8 1 3 . 171 3 6 1/

3 . 1 23 3 . 2 1 3 3 6 1/

3 . 1 6 4 3 . 2 5 4 3 6 1/

3 . 1 7 8 3 . 2 6 7 3 6 1/

3 . 0 1 2 3 . 1 02 3 6 V

2 . 9 5 6 3 . 102 3 6 1/

2 . 9 8 5 3 . 0 7 4 3 6 V,2 . 8 4 7 2 . 9 3 6 3 6 %

2 . 9 3 5 3 . 0 2 5 3 6 %

2 . 9 3 0 3 . 0 1 9 3 6 %

2 . 9 4 7 3 . 0 3 7 36%|

See footn ote at end o f ta b le .


22

T A B L E 13. U nion s c a le s o f w a g es and h ou rs in the printing tra d e s in 53 c i t i e s , July 1, 1957, and Ju ly 1, 1958 C ontinued


J u l y 1, 1 9 5 7

J u l y 1 1 9 5 8 J u l y 1, 1 9 5 7

J u l y 1,, 1 9 5 8

Rateper

hour

Rateper

hour

Hoursper

week

T ra d e o r o ccu p a tion Rateper

hour

Rateper

hour

Hours

w ? d c

C H IC A G O , I L L . C ontinued C H IC A G O , I L L . C ontin ued

B ook and jo b C ontinued B ook and jo b C ontinued

B ook b in d ers : C ontin ued P r e s s a ss is ta n ts andA g re e m e n t A : C ontinued fe e d e r s : C ontinued

E d ition b in d in g : C ontinued S en ior a s s is t a n t s : C ontinuedT ip p r i n t e r s ___________________ $ 2 ,9 6 0 $ 3 ,0 4 9 36 V4 1- o r 2 - r o l l r o t a r y : C ontinuedO p e r a to r s , fo ld in g m a ch in e s , O ile r s o r u tility a ss is ta n ts

a u tom a tic feed (2) 3 .0 8 1 3. 171 3 6 y . on 4 -n n it $ 3 ,0 52 $ 3 .1 4 3 36 V4O p e r a to r s , fo ld in g m a ch in e s , T e n s io n m en on 6 -u n it _ 3. 137 3 .2 2 7 3 6 y4

a u tom a tic feed (3) 3. 164 3 .2 5 4 3 6 y4 O ile r s o r u tility a ss is ta n tsHand s ta m p e rs , in ch a rg e o f on 6 -u n it _ _ _ 3 .0 9 6 3. 186 3 6 y

1 o r m o r e m a c h in e s ________ 3 .0 9 5 3. 184 36 */ T e n s io n m en on 8 - u n i t _______ 3. 181 3 .2 7 1 36 ll 4O p e r a t o r s - in -c h a r g e , s to ck O ile r s o r u tility a ss is ta n ts

and cu tting m a c h in e s _______ 3. 112 3 .2 0 2 36 V4 on 8 -u n it _ __ _____ 3. 140 3 .2 3 0 3 6 y4O p e r a to r s , com b in a tion Single r o ta r y :

cu tter and 1 fo ld in g * S in gle r o ta ry ; a u to m a tic - o rm ach in e _____________________ 3. 122 3 .2 1 2 36 V4 s h e e t - fe d r o ta r y ; C ox

O p e r a to r s , p e r fe c t patent D u p lex , G o ss C om et andbinding m ach in e ( l ) ; o p e r a - C o x -O -T y p e s in g le f la t b e d __ 2 .9 6 6 3 .0 5 6 3 6 y 4to r s - in - c h a r g e , ga th erin g , T ubu lar r o t a r y sin g lestitch in g and co v e r in g m a - d e ck _ __ __ __ 3 .0 4 8 3 .1 3 8 3 6 y4ch in e com b in a tion _________ 3. 122 3 .2 1 2 36 V C o lo r :

A g re e m e n t B: M cK ee 4 - c o l o r ( r o l l orP a p er r u le r s _ 3 .0 8 1 3 .0 8 1 36 V4 au tom a tic s h e e t - fe d ) ;

C o m p o s ito r s , hand 3. 310 3 .4 2 1 36 V4 M cK ee 5 - c o l o r ; C la y -C z e ch o s la v a k text ___________________ 3. 310 3 .4 2 1 36/4 bourn 4 - and 5 - c o l o r ___ 3 .0 0 7 3 .0 9 7 36V4Sw edish text 3 .2 8 0 *3 .2 8 0 36 lU 10- c o l o r w eb p e r fe ct in g :

E le c tr o ty p e rs 3 .5 0 0 3 .6 0 0 36 V4 F ir s t a s s is t a n t s ________ 3 .0 4 9 3. 139 3 6 y4M achine o p e ra to rs 3. 349 3 .4 5 9 36 S econ d and th ird

C ze ch o s la v a k text . ________ 4 .0 4 6 4 . 180 30 a ss is ta n ts 3 .0 0 7 3 .0 9 7 36 lUS w edish t e x t __________________________ 3 .3 2 0 *3 .3 2 0 36 v4 U .P . M . :

M achine ten d ers (m a ch in is ts ) 3. 349 3 .4 5 9 36 V4 S in gle a t t a c h m e n t _________ 2 .9 6 6 3 .0 5 6 36 ll4M a ilers 2 .9 5 2 3 .0 4 1 36 V4 D ou ble a tta c h m e n t s _______ 3 .0 0 7 3 .0 9 7 36/4P h o to e n g ra v e rs 4 .0 2 9 4 .2 1 4 35 Junior a s s is ta n ts :

R o to g ra v u re _ 4 .0 1 4 4 . 157 35 P on y M ie h le (2 ); M ille rP re s s a ss is ta n ts and fe e d e r s : 2 - c o l o r , 22 x 30 in ch e s ( 2 ) ___ 2 .5 2 1 2 .6 1 1 36 y ,

S en ior a ss is ta n ts : K e lly 25 V4 x 283/4 in ch es (2);P r e s s e s 25 x 38 in ch e s and M ieh le h o r iz o n ta l (2 ); M ille r

la r g e r : S im p le x 20 x 26 in ch e s (2 );1 2 - c o l o r ; 1 p e r fe c t in g , o v e r K e lly s ty le A , 1 7 x 2 1 %

46 x

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