bls_1155_1954.pdf

Union Wages and Hours: Printing Industry

July 1, 1953

Bulletin No. 1155

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Com m issioner

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Union Wages and Hours: Printing Industry

July 1, 1953

Bulletin No. 1155

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary

BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Clague, Com m issioner

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Letter of Transmittal

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,Bureau of Labor Statistics,

Washington, D. C . , February 19, 1954.

The Secretary of Labor:

I have the honor to transmit herewith the annual report on union wages and hours for employees in the printing industry in 53 cities as of July 1, 1953.

The information presented in this report was based on data obtained primarily from local union officials by mail questionnaire. Scales for the various trades in individual cities in effect on July 1, 1953, and July 1, 1952, wereissued by Regional Offices of the Bureau shortly after scale data became available for all printing trades within a particular city. Local scales were released during July and August 1953 for many of the cities studied. A national release summarizing the data for individual crafts was issued in December 1953.

In addition to presenting regional and national data, this bulletin also brings together the scale data for the various cities as part of the annual report which becomes the permanent record of the study.

This report was prepared in the Bureau1 s Division of Wages and Industrial Relations by Alexander M oros.

Ewan Clague, Comn^issioner.

Hon. James P. Mitchell,Secretary of Labor.


Contents

Page

Summary........................................ ................................................................................. 1Scope and method of study ...................................................................................... 1Trend of union wage scales . . . Rate variations by type of work City and regional variations . . .Standard workweek........ ..............Union scales by city and trade

Tables:

1. Indexes of union hourly wage scales in the printingtrades, 1907-53 .......................... 4

2. Indexes of union hourly wage scales in each printingtrade, 1907-53 ............................................................................ ............................ 5

3. Percent increases in union wage rates and percent of unionprinting trades workers affected, July 1, 1952 -July 1, 1953......................................................................................... 7

4 . Cents-per-hour increases in union wage rates and percent ofunion printing trades workers affected, July 1, 1952 -July 1, 1953 ............................................................................................................ 7

5. Average union hourly wage rates in the printing industry,July 1, 1953, and increases in rates, July 1, 1952 -July 1, 1953 ............................................................................................................. 8

6 . Increases in union wage rates in the printing trades by city,region, and industry branch, July 1, 1952 - July 1, 1 9 5 3 . . . . 9

7. Distribution of union m em bers in the printing trades by hourlywage rates and by trade, July 1, 1953 ................................................. 10

8. Average uiiion hourly wage rates in the printing trades by cityand population group, July 1, 1953 ........................................................... 11

9 . Average union hourly wage rates in the printing trades byregion, and by trade, July 1, 1953 .............................................................. 12

10. Distribution of union mem bers in the printing trades bystraight-time weekly hours, July 1, 1953 ............................................ 13

11. Indexes of union weekly hours in the printing trades, 1907-53 . . 13

12. Indexes of union weekly hours in each printing trade, 1907-53. . . 14

13. Union scales of wages and hours in the printing trades in 53cities, July 1, 1952, and July 1, 1953 16

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U nion W ages and Hours in the P rinting Industry,

July 1, 1953

Sum m ary

H ourly w age s ca le s in la b or-m a n a gem en t a greem en ts co v e r in g p r in tin g -tra d es w ork ers in c it ie s with a population o f 100,000 o r m ore advanced, on the a v era g e , 9 .9 cen ts an hour in the 12-m onth p e r io d ending July 1, 1953,a ccord in g to the B ureau o f L abor S ta tistics fo r ty -s ix th annual su rvey o f union s ca le s in the printing industry . The advances averaged 9. 3 cents an hour in book and job (co m m e rc ia l) estab lish m en ts and 11. 1 cents in new spaper p lants.

A bout n ine-ten ths o f the w o rk e rs in each type o f estab lish m en t had th eir s ca le s ad justed upw ard during the y e a r . The negotiated in c r e a s e s v a ried fr o m 10 to 15 cents an hour fo r tw o -fifth s o f these w ork ers and fr o m 5 to 10 cents fo r a sligh tly sm a lle r p rop ortion .

The average h ourly union sca le fo r all prin ting trades studied was $ 2 .5 8 on July 1, 1953; the le v e l in c o m m e rc ia l shops was $2.44 and in new spaper p lants, $ 2 .8 7 . D a y -sh ift s ca le s in n ew spaper estab lish m en ts averaged $ 2 .7 6 an hour, 13 p ercen t above day s ca le s in c o m m e rc ia l shops.

T here was no con sisten t pattern o f rate d iffe re n ce s in im portant jo b s com m on to both co m m e rc ia l and new spaper prin ting. The average d a y -w ork sca le fo r c o m p o s ito r s in n ew spaper plants w as 9 cents above the le v e l fo r those in c o m m e rc ia l shops; s ca le s fo r ph oto en g ra v ers and s te re o ty p e rs , h ow ever, a v e r aged 18 and 21 cen ts h igh er, r e sp e c t iv e ly , in c o m m e rc ia l shops.

The standard w eek ly hours rem ained unchanged during the year and averaged 37. 1 h ours, the sam e as re co rd e d in each o f the two p rev iou s annual stu d ies . A 37V2-hour s tra ig h t-tim e w orkw eek was m ost typ ica l and was stipulated in la b or-m a n a gem en t con tra cts cov er in g half o f the p r in tin g -tra d es w ork ers in the study.

Scope and M ethod o f Study

Union s ca le s a re defined as the m inim um wage sca le s o r m axim um sch edu les o f hours agreed upon through c o lle c t iv e bargain ing b e tween trade unions and em p lo y e rs . R ates in

e x ce s s o f the n egotia ted m inim um , w hich m ay be paid fo r sp e c ia l qu a lifica tion s o r other r e a so n s , a re not in cluded .

The in form ation p resen ted in this re p o r t was b a sed on union s ca le s in e ffe c t on July 1, 1953, and co v e r e d a p p rox im a te ly 127,000 p r in tin g -tra d es w ork ers in 53 c it ie s with pop u la tions o f 100,000 o r m o re . Data w ere obtained p r im a r ily fr o m lo c a l union o ff ic ia ls by m ail question n a ire ; in som e in sta n ces , B ureau r e p resen ta tives v is ited lo c a l union o ff ic ia ls to obtain the d e s ire d in form ation .

The cu rren t su rvey d if fe r s in se v e ra l im portant r e s p e c ts fr o m p rev iou s annual su rveys o f w age s ca le s in the p r in tin g -tra d es industry . F ir s t , the lim ited funds ava ilab le fo r w age su rveys n ecess ita ted a redu ction fr o m 77 to 53 in the num ber o f c it ie s to be c o v e r e d . The cu rren t su rvey w as d esign ed to re p re se n t union wage s ca le s in a ll c it ie s o f 100 ,000 o r m ore population. A ll c it ie s with a half m illion or m ore population w ere in cluded , but som e c it ie s in the population grou ps o f 250, 000 to500 ,000 and 100 ,000 to 250 ,000 w ere o m itte d . Second, w eights w ere a ss ign ed to som e o f the lo c a lit ie s su rveyed in o rd e r to com p en sate fo r those w hich w ere not su rveyed . An upw ard b ias ex isted in past su rveys b eca u se a g re? .r p rop ortion of la r g e r c it ie s than o f sm d esign ed to show cu rren t le v e ls , a re b a sed on a ll s ca le s r e ported in e ffe c t on July 1, 1953, w eighted by the num ber o f union m em b ers re ce iv in g that rate . T hese a v era g es are not design ed fo r c lo s e y e a r -t o -y e a r co m p a r iso n s b eca u se o f fluctuations in m em b ersh ip and in c la s s i f i c a tions studied.

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2The red u ction in the num ber o f c it ie s c o v e re d and the change in the m ethod o f com p u tation had on ly a m in or e ffe c t on the amount o f change betw een two con secu tiv e p e r io d s , and v irtu a lly no e ffe c t on the index s e r ie s .

T rend o f Union W age S ca les

Rate re v is io n s in the prin ting trad es b e tw een July 1, 1952, and July 1, 1953, w ere p r im a r ily the resu lt o f negotia tion s on con tra ct reopen ing o r exp ira tion . C on tra cts w ere u su a lly o f l -y e a r * s duration . S om e, h ow ever, w ere negotiated fo r a lo n g e r p e r io d . In terim or d e fe r re d in c re a s e s w ere s p e c if ie d in som e agreem en ts and p ro v is io n s fo r w age reopen ings w ere con ta ined in o th ers . E sca la to r c la u ses linking rate changes to the m ovem ent o f the BL.S C onsum er P r ic e Index w ere a lso em bod ied in som e co n tra c ts .

D uring the y ea r ending July 1, 1953, union h ourly s ca le s o f p r in tin g -tra d es w o rk e rs in c r e a s e d 4 p ercen t, advancing this B ureau index to 123.5 (table 1). This in c r e a s e , w hile sm a lle r than the 5.7 p ercen t advance r e g is te re d in the 12 m onths ending July 1, 1952, approx im ated the 4 .2 -p e r ce n t gain betw een July 1, 1950, and July 1, 1951, and w as a lm ost double the 2 .1 - p ercen t r is e re co rd e d betw een July 1, 1949,and July 1, 1950.

A lthough sca le advances in the year ending July 1, 1953, a vera ged 4 p ercen t fo r both c o m m e rc ia l and new spaper p rin ting , the average c e n ts -p e r -h o u r in c re a se was g rea ter in n ew spaper plants than in b ook and job s h o p s - - l l . l cen ts com p a red with 9.3 cen ts . R ates in n ew sp aper plants advanced an average o f 10.8 cen ts fo r dayw ork and 11 .3 cen ts fo r nightw ork (table 5).

A verage h ourly in c re a s e s v a r ied fr o m 9 to 11 .5 cen ts fo r 8 o f the 12 trades studied in c o m m e r c ia l shops; b in d ery w om en and ph otoen gravers re g is te re d the sm a llest and la rg e s t g a in s --5 . 9 and 13.3 cen ts , r e s p e c tiv e ly . The upw ard w age m ovem ent in n ew spaper estab lish m en ts w as led by p r e s s m e n - in -ch a rg e w hose average s ca le in cre a se d by 14.8 cen ts an hour. M ost o f the other c ra fts in this b ran ch o f the industry re ce iv e d in c re a s e s averagin g betw een 10 and 11 cen ts . S ca les fo r n ightw ork advanced sligh tly m ore than fo r dayw ork in a ll c ra fts excep t p r e s s m e n -in - c'harge.

B y reg ion , average in c re a s e s fo r a ll p r in ting trad es com bin ed v a ried fr o m 7. 1 cents on the P a c if ic C oast to 12 cents in the G reat L akes reg ion . In p ra c t ica lly a ll re g io n s , the

in cre a s e s during the year ending July 1, 1953, averaged le s s than those re co rd e d during the p rev iou s 12-m onth period* S ca le advances in the new spaper prin ting trad es w ere g en era lly h igher than th ose in c o m m e r c ia l sh ops.

On July 1, 1953, la b or-m a n a g em en t c o n tra cts co v e r in g p r in tin g -tra d es w o rk e rs o f varying sk ills in c it ie s with a population o f100,000 or m ore s p e c if ie d wage ra tes ran g ing fr o m under $1. 10 to o v e r $3. 50 an hour. H alf o f the c o v e re d w o rk e rs , h ow ever, had negotiated s ca le s ranging fr o m $2.50 to $3.00 an hour; th ree -ten th s had ra tes o f le s s than $2.50 and a fifth , ra tes o f $3 or m ore (table 7).

The resu lts o f w a g e -s ca le changes in the past 4 y e a rs are r e fle c te d in a co m p a r iso n o f rate le v e ls in e ffe c t on July 1, 1949, and July 1, 1953. In m i d - 1949, seven -ten th s o f the p r in tin g -tra d es w ork ers studied had sca le s o f le s s than $ 2 .5 0 an hour; s ca le s o f $ 2 .5 0 to $3.00 p rev a iled fo r sligh tly ov er a fo u rth .

In book and job sh op s, a m a jo r ity o f the w ork ers had ra tes o f $2 .40 to $3 .00 an hour and sligh tly ov er a th ird had s ca le s o f le s s than $ 2 .4 0 . W om en b in d ery w o rk e rs c o n s t ituted the on ly group w hose ra tes w ere all b e low $ 1 .8 0 an hour; n ea rly th ree -fou rth s o f these w o rk e rs had s ca le s betw een $ 1 .2 0 and $1.50. P h otoen g ra v ers in c o m m e r c ia l shops , the h ighest paid c ra ft su rveyed , had union ra tes o f at le a s t $2.40 an hour and fo r a p p rox im ate ly tw o -fifth s o f these e m p lo y e e s , the c o n tra ct s ca le was $ 3 .5 0 o r m o re .

In new spaper p lants, w age s ca le s vary in g betw een $2.40 and $3.00 an hour w ere s p e c i fied in union co n tra cts cov er in g fo u r -f ifth s o f the w o rk e rs on the day shift and sligh tly ov er half o f th ose on the night sh ift. R ates o f $3 or m ore p re v a ile d for about a seventh o f the d ayw ork ers and tw o-fifth s o f the n igh tw orkers. About a fourth o f the m a ile rs had sca le s o f le s s than $ 2 .4 0 an hour; in other c la s s i f i c a tions in new spaper p rin ting , le s s than 5 p e r cent had such s c a le s .

Rate V aria tion s by Type o f W ork

B eca u se o f the varia tion s in w ork p e r fo rm e d , the com p osition o f the w ork fo r c e in each o f the two types o f prin ting e s ta b lish m ents d if fe r s m a ter ia lly . C o m m e rc ia l (book and job) shops p rod u ce m any ite m s , often in la rg e quantities, w h ereas new spaper plants are geared to the p rod u ction o f a single item w hich is constantly changing and is le s s d u ra b le . Thus, in co m m e rc ia l sh op s , a substantial p r o p ortion o f the w ork fo r c e c o n s is ts o f b in d ery


3w om en and p r e s s a ss istan ts and fe e d e r s , who ty p ica lly p e r fo r m le s s sk illed routine o p e ra tions; in new spaper p lan ts, h ow ever, jo u rn e y m en a re req u ired in p rop ortion a te ly g rea ter num bers to m eet da ily dem ands. T hese d iffe re n ce s are r e fle c te d in the resu ltant a v e r age rates fo r c o m m e rc ia l and n ew spaper shops w hich take into account the num ber and p r o p ortion s o f p r in tin g -tra d es w o rk e rs em p loyed at variou s ra tes o f pay.

On July 1, 1953, union h ourly s ca le s o f p r in tin g -tra d es w ork ers a vera ged $2.44 in book and jo b (co m m e rc ia l) sh op s, com p a red with $2.87 in new spaper p lan ts. D a y -sh ift w o rk e rs on n ew spapers a veraged $2.76 and n igh tw ork- e r s , $2.97 (table 5). The dayw ork s ca le s on n ew spapers averaged about 13 p ercen t above the le v e l fo r c o m m e r c ia l shops and 7 p ercen t b e low the average fo r n ightw ork on n ew sp a p ers . The num ber o f w ork ers n orm a lly e m p loyed on night sh ifts in book and job shops w as too sm a ll to y ie ld sign ifican t re su lts ; th e re fo re , th is group was exclu ded fr o m the study.

A verage h ourly ra tes o f individual trad es in c o m m e r c ia l shops ranged fr o m $ 1 .3 8 fo r b in d ery w om en to $3 ./22 fo r p h otoen g ra vers , and in new spaper plants fr o m $2.55 fo r m a ile rs to $ 3 . 15 fo r p h otoen g ra vers .

The avera ge sca le fo r n igh tw orkers on n ew spapers ($ 2 .9 7 ) w as 21 cen ts above that fo r dayw ork ers ($2 .76 ). The d iffe ren tia ls fa vorin g n ightw ork am ounted to 17 cen ts fo r hand and m achine co m p o s ito r s , 14 cen ts fo r m ach ine ten ders (m a ch in ists ), ahd fr o m 23 to 32 cen ts fo r the other printing trad es studied .

C ity and R egion a l V aria tions

If the w age s ca le s fo r a ll union w ork ers in the prin ting trades fo r a p a rticu la r a rea are a vera ged , som e idea is obtained o f the gen era l le v e l o f ra tes fo r o rga n ized printing em p loyees in that a rea . Separate a vera g es fo r the book and job and new spaper b ran ch es o f the industry are shown in table 8 fo r the 53 c it ie s in cluded in the p resen t re p o r t , and in table 9 by reg ion .

The c ity and reg ion a l a vera g es p resen ted in tab les 8 and 9 are design ed to show cu rren t le v e ls and do not m ea su re d iffe re n ce s in a v e r age union s ca le s am ong areaiT D iffe re n ce s in ra tes am ong a rea s do e x is t , as a c o m p a r ison o f s ca le s fo r individual c ra fts w ill in d ica te . The c ity and reg ion a l a vera ges shown in tab les 8 and 9, h ow ever, a re in flu enced not on ly by rate d if fe re n ce s , but a lso by d iffe re n ce s in

the p rop ortion s o f o rg a n ized w o rk e rs in the va riou s c ra ft s . Such d if fe re n ce s in p ro p o rtio n s m ay a r is e in s e v e ra l w ays. T o illu s tra te : (l) A p a rticu la r c ra ft m ay not be o rg a n ized at a ll in som e a rea s o r m ay be o rg a n ized le s s in ten s iv e ly in som e a rea s than in o th ers ; and (2) ce rta in types o f w ork a re found in som e a rea s but not in o th e rs , o r a re found to a g re a te r extent in som e a rea s than in o th e rs . F o r exam p le , som e types o f p re s s w o rk are found in C h icago but not in D en ver; b in d ery w ork m ay be re la t iv e ly m o re im portant in one a rea than another. B eca u se o f such d if fe r e n c e s , it is p o s s ib le fo r union ra tes fo r p a rticu la r cra fts in two a rea s to be id en tica l but fo r average ra tes to d if fe r .

N ev e rth e le ss , the p resen ta tion o f average ra tes fo r union w o rk e rs by c ity o r a rea answ ers a s ign ifican t question : G iven the c o m p os it ion o f the union la b or fo r c e , what is the gen era l le v e l o f n egotiated s ca le s fo r union m em b ers in b ook and job o r n ew spaper prin ting in c ity A , B , o r C ? Such data p rov id e insight into the le v e l o f w ages that o rg a n ized w o rk e rs have ach ieved in the prin ting in du stry in p a r ticu la r a re a s ; s im ila r ly , a vera g es fo r fe r ro u s foundry w o r k e r s , fo r exa m p le , rev ea l the gen e ra l le v e l o f ra tes fo r such e m p lo y e e s .

In table 8, c it ie s a re grouped by s iz e c la s s e s . A vera g e union ra tes show a d istin ct tendency to v a ry d ir e c t ly by s iz e o f city, ch ie fly b eca u se s c a le s fo r p a rticu la r c ra ft s tend to v a ry in this m an n er. In b ook and jo b p rin ting , the a v era g e fo r the c it ie s w ith 100,000 to 250 ,000 population w as $2. 20; the a v era g e in cre a se d to $2.61 fo r the la r g e s t -s iz e group o f c it ie s (1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 population and o v e r ) . In the ca se o f n ew sp a p ers , the d iffe re n ce in a v e r age ra tes w as n eg lig ib le as betw een s iz e groups II (500,000 to 1,000,000) and III (250,000 to 5 0 0 ,0 0 0 ) . H ow ever, the average in the s m a lle s t -s iz e group was d is t in ctly lo w e r , and in the la r g e s t -s iz e group d e fin ite ly h igh er, than in the two in term ed ia te g rou p s. In both bran ch es o f p rin tin g , th ere w as som e o v e r lapping o f avera ge s ca le s as am ong c it ie s in d iffe ren t s iz e g rou p s . In b ook and jo b , fo r exam ple , the a vera ge fo r P ro v id e n ce (100,000 to 250 ,000) w as h igh er than the average fo r a ll but two o f the c it ie s shown in the next la r g e s t -s iz e group .

On a reg ion a l b a s is , avera ge union h ourly ra tes ranged fr o m $2.39 in the B o rd e r States to $2.75 on the P a c if ic C oa st fo r a ll w o rk e rs in the prin ting tra d e s . In co m m e r c ia l sh op s, union s ca le s a v era g ed h ighest ($ 2 .6 6 ) in the P a c if ic reg ion and low est ($2.09) in the M ountain States; and in n ew sp a p ers , the h ighest and low est le v e ls ($ 2 .9 4 and $ 2 .6 4 ) w ere in the G reat L akes and Southeast r e g io n s , r e sp e ctiv e ly (table 9).Digitized for FRASER

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4Standard W orkw eek

The s tra ig h t-tim e w ork w eek on July 1, 1953, a vera ged 3 7 .3 h ours in b ook and jo b shops and 36.8 h ours in n ew spaper e s ta b lish m en ts. Standard w eek ly sch ed u les in n ew spaper plants a v era g ed 37.2 h ours fo r dayw ork and 3 6 .4 fo r n ightw ork. A lthough the p r e dom inant standard w orkw eek stipulated in union agreem en ts fo r both b ra n ch es o f the industry w as 37V2 h ou rs , a 36*^-h ou r sch edu le w as in e ffe c t fo r th ree -ten th s o f the c o m m e r c ia l shop w o rk e rs and a fifth o f th ose on n ew sp a p ers . W eek ly sch ed u les o f 35 h ours w ere m o re c o m m on in n ew spaper p lan ts; 40 -h ou r sch ed u les w ere m o re p reva len t in c o m m e r c ia l shops (table 10).

L a b or-m a n a g em en t agreem en ts in n ew sp aper p lants u su a lly s p e c if ie d a sh orte r w o rk w eek fo r the night sh ift than fo r the day sh ift.

S chedu les o f 36V4 h ours o r le s s w ere in e ffe c t fo r about a fifth o f the d a y -sh ift w o rk e rs and about ha lf o f th ose on the night sh ift.

On the w h ole , sch edu led w eek ly h ou rs o f w ork in the prin ting industry have changed litt le s in ce the im m ed ia te p ostw ar p e r io d 1945-47 , when a fa ir ly w id esp rea d m od era te red u ction in w eek ly w ork ing tim e o c c u r r e d . In the past 5 y e a r s , the trend tow ard a sh o rte r w orkw eek has s la ck en ed and fo r the y ea r ending July 1, 1953, the index o f union w eek ly hours rem ain ed unchanged fr o m the p rev iou s y ea r (tab le 11).

Union, S ca le s b y C ity and T rad e

Union s c a le s o f w ages and h ours in e ffe c t on July 1, 1952, and July 1, 1953, fo r the in dividual trad es in each o f the 53 c it ie s in cluded in the study, a re shown in T ab le 13.

TA B L E 1. --In d e x e s1 of union hourly wage scales in the printing trades, 1907-53

/ ja n . 2, 1948 - July 1, 1949= 1007

Year PrintingB o o kandjob

Newspaper Year PrintingB o o kandjo b

Newspaper

1907 May 1 5 ..................................... 0 15. 0 19. 4 1930 May 1 5 ..................................... 50. 6 50. 8 50. 01908 May 1 5 ..................................... (J 16. 6 20. 4 1931 May 15 .................................. 50. 8 51. 1 50. 11909 May 1 5 ..................................... (2) 17. 8 21. 3 1932 May 15 .................................. 50. 5 50. 6 50. 01910 May 15 ..................................... (2) 18. 8 22. 0 1933 May 15 .................................. 47. 5 47. 8 46. 81911 May 15 ..................................... 19. 9 19. 3 22. 4 1934 May 1 5 .................................. 48. 5 49. 1 47. 41912 May 1 5 .......................... .......... 20. 3 19. 6 22. 8 1935 May 15 .................................. 50. 3 50. 2 50. 3

1913:: May 1 5 ..................................... 20. 7 20. 0 23. 2 1936: May 15 .................................. 51. 5 51. 6 51. 01914: May 15 ..................................... 21. 0 20. 4 23. 5 1937: May 15 .................................. 53. 2 53. 3 52. 91915:: May 1 5 ..................................... 21. 2 20. 5 23. 6 1938: June 1 .................... 54. 9 55. 1 54. 31916: Ma y 1 5 .............................. 2 1 .4 20. 8 23. 7 1939 55. 4 55. 5 55. 01917: y 1 ^ ................. 22. 1 21. 5 24. 3 1940: Tlino | 56. 2 56. 0 56. 21918: M ay 15 ..................................... 24. 0 23. 9 25. 5 1941; Tnrwa 1 56. 8 56. 6 56. 9

1919 May 1 5 ..................................... 29. 4 29. 4 30. 8 1942 July 1 . . '................................ 59. 3 59. 1 5 9 .41920 May 1 5 ..................................... 37. 7 38. 4 37. 6 1943 July 1 ..................................... 61. 1 60. 7 6 1 .91921 May 1 5 ..................................... 41. 3 42. 2 40. 9 1944 July 1 ..................................... 62. 6 62. 3 63. 31922 May 1 5 ..................................... 41. 8 42. 4 41. 3 1945 July 1 ..................................... 63. 5 63. 1 64. 11923 May 1 5 .................... 43. 0 44. 1 41. 8 1946 July 1 .................... 74. 3 74. 2 74. 51924 May 1 5 .................... 45. 1 45. 9 44. 3 1948 Jan. 2 ................... 94. 3 94. 3 94. 3

1925 May 1 5 ................ .................... 45. 8 4 6 .4 45 . 1 1949 : July 1 ..................................... 105. 7 105. 7 105. 71926 May 1 5 ..................................... 46. 8 47. 4 46. 1 1950 : July 1 ................................. . 107. 9 108. 2 1 0 7 .41927 May 1 5 ..................................... 48. 2 48. 6 4 7 .4 1951 : July 1 ..................................... 112. 4 112. 1 112. 71928 May 15 ..................................... 49. 1 49. 2 48 .6 1952 : July 1 ..................................... 118. 8 119. 3 117. 61929 May 1 5 .................... 49. 8 4 9 .9 49. 5 1953; July 1 ..................... 123. 5 124. 0 122. 3

1 Index series designed for trend purposes; periodical changes in union scales are based on com parable quotations for the various occupations in consecutive periods weighted by number of union m em bers reported at each quotation in the current survey period.

2 Combined data for years 1907 -10 not available.


5TABLE 2. -'Indexes 1 of union hourly wage scales in each printing trade, 1907-53

/Jan. 2, 1948 - July 1, 1949= 1007

BOOK AND JOB

Y e a r B in d e ryw o m e nB o o k

b in d e r

C o m p o s i t o r s ,hand

E le c tro -ty p e r s

M achineo p e r a

t o r s

5 M a ch in e * t e n d e rs

(m a ch in is ts )

^M a ile r sP h o to -

e n -g r a v e r s

P r e s s a s s i s t

ants and fe e d e r s

P r e s s m en ,

c y lin d e r

P r e s s m en ,

p la ten

1907: M a y 1 5 ...................................... 1 6 .7 1 7 .9 17 .1 2 0 .3 1 3 .0 1 8 .4 1 7 .31908: M a y 15 ...................................... - 18.5 17.. 9 1 7 .1 2 1 .0 - - ' - 1 4 .4 1 9 .3 1 7 .91909: M a y 15 ...................................... - 1 8 .7 1 7 .9 1 7 .2 2 1 .8 - - - 14 .6 2 0 .9 1 8 .51910: M ay 15 . . . ................ ............... - 1 8 .9 18.7 17 .9 2 2 .6 - - - 1 4 .9 2 1 .0 1 8 .81911: M ay 15 .............................................. .. 1 9 .2 1 9 .2 18 .9 2 2 .8 - - - 1 5 .5 2 1 .5 1 9 .2

1912: M ay 15 ................................... 1 9 .3 1 9 .6 1 9 .2 2 3 .4 2 2 .4 . 1 5 .8 2 1 .8 1 9 .51913: M ay 1 5 ................ ..................... - 1 9 .8 1 9 .9 19 .6 2 4 .0 2 2 .8 - - 16. 1 22. 1 1 9 .81914: M ay 1 5 ...................................... - 2 0 .1 2 0 .4 2 0 .5 2 4 .2 2 2 .8 - - 1 6 .6 2 2 .6 2 0 .21915: M a y 1 5 ...................................... 1 6 .8 2 0 .2 2 0 .5 2 0 .9 2 4 .3 2 3 .0 - - 1 6 .7 2 2 .6 2 0 .21916: M ay 1 5 .............................. .. 1 7 .1 2 0 .2 2 0 .9 2 1 .5 2 4 .3 2 3 .0 2 0 .5 16 .9 2 2 .9 2 0 .6

1917: M ay 1 5 ....................................... 1 8 .3 2 1 .4 2 1 .3 22. 2 2 4 .9 2 3 .5 2 2 .3 1 7 .8 2 3 .4 2 1 .71918: M ay 1 5 ...................................... 2 0 .4 2 4 .1 2 3 .5 2 3 .3 2 6 .9 2 5 .8 - 2 3 .6 2 0 .8 2 5 .9 2 3 .91919: M a y 1 5 ....................................... 2 6 .4 3 0 .8 2 8 .8 2 6 .7 3 2 .5 3 1 .8 - 2 7 .5 2 6 .8 3 1 .4 2 9 .31920: M ay 1 5 ....................................... 3 6 .5 4 0 .4 3 7 .9 3 8 .2 4 1 .3 3 9 .8 - 3 8 .0 3 6 .8 4 0 .8 3 9 .71921: M ay 1 5 ...................................... 4 2 .6 4 4 .3 4 3 .4 4 4 .5 4 6 .8 4 6 .0 4 0 .5 3 9 .8 4 5 .0 4 4 .3

1922: M ay 1 5 ....................................... 4 1 .2 4 2 .5 4 4 .2 4 5 .4 4 6 .8 4 5 .5 4 0 .9 3 8 .5 4 4 .0 4 3 .41923: M ay 1 5 ..................................... 4 3 . 1 4 5 . 1 4 5 .2 4 8 .2 4 7 .7 4 6 .4 - 4 1 .3 4 3 .2 4 7 .5 4 5 .21974: M ay 15 ....................................... 4 3 .7 4 7 .1 4 7 .3 5 0 .0 4 9 .7 4 8 .4 - 4 4 .2 4 2 .8 4 8 .9 4 6 .619ai: M ay 15 ....................................... 4 4 .2 4 7 .6 4 7 .0 4 9 .8 4 9 .7 4 8 .5 - 4 5 .3 4 5 .2 4 9 .5 4 6 .81926: M ay 15 ....................................... 4 3 .4 4 8 .4 4 7 .9 5 0 .3 5 0 .3 5 0 .2 4 8 .2 4 5 .7 5 0 .5 4 9 .0

1927: M ay 1 5 ...................................... 4 4 .4 4 9 . 5 4 8 . 8 5 0 .9 5 2 .3 5 0 .4 5 0 .5 4 6 .3 5 0 .6 4 9 .51928: M ay 1 5 ...................................... 4 4 .6 4 9 .3 4 9 .5 51.3 5 2 .4 5 0 .7 - 5 1 .9 4 6 .6 5 1 .0 4 8 .61929: M ay 1 5 ................................................. 4 5 .0 4 9 .8 4 9 .8 .52 .5 5 3 .3 51 . 1 - 52 . 7 4 7 .0 5 1 .9 4 9 .41930: M ay 1 5 ......................................... .. 4 5 .3 5 0 .4 5 0 .9 5 4 .0 5 4 .7 5 2 .0 - 5 2 .8 4 7 .6 5 2 .8 5 0 .21931: M ay 1 5 .................. .............................. 4 5 .5 5 0 .6 51 . 1 5 5 .2 5 5 .0 5 2 .5 - 5 2 .9 4 7 .9 5 3 .2 5 0 .4

1932: M ay 1 5 ................................................. 4 4 .4 4 8 .8 5 1 .0 5 5 .0 5 5 .0 5 2 .9 5 4 .5 4 5 .8 51 .8 4 9 .41933: M ay 1 5 ......................................... .. 4 2 .6 4 7 .0 4 7 .9 5 1 .5 5 1 .6 4 9 .8 - 5 3 .5 4 2 .7 4 8 .6 4 6 .01934: M ay 1 5 ................................................ 4 4 .8 4 8 .8 4 8 .4 55 . 1 5 1 .7 5 1 .3 - 5 4 .3 4 4 .3 4 9 .9 4 7 .21935: M ay 1 5 ................................................. 4 5 .2 4 9 .4 4 9 .3 5 6 .0 5 2 .5 5 1 .5 - 5 7 .8 4 5 .3 5 0 .6 4 7 .61936: M ay 1 5 . . ............................................ 4 6 . 1 50 . 1 5 0 .8 5 6 .2 5 4 .3 53 . 1 - 5 9 .2 4 6 .8 5 2 .7 4 9 .5

1937: M ay 1 5 ................................................. 4 6 .8 5 1 .5 5 2 .7 5 6 .9 5 5 .8 5 4 .7 4 8 . 1 5 9 .9 4 9 .2 5 4 .5 5 1 .81938: June I - * .............................................. 4 9 .1 5 3 .4 5 4 .4 5 9 .5 5 7 .4 5 6 .3 5 1 .0 6 1 .4 5 1 .8 5 6 .2 5 3 .41939: June 1 .................................... .............. 4 9 .8 5 4 .4 5 4 .7 5 9 .9 5 7 .6 5 6 .5 5 1 .9 6 1 .9 52 . 1 5 6 .6 5 3 .91940: June 1 ................................................... 5 0 .0 5 4 .7 5 5 .6 60 . 1 5 8 .0 5 7 .2 5 3 .3 6 2 .4 5 2 .4 5 6 .9 5 4 .21941: June 1 .................................... .............. 51 . 1 5 5 .5 5 6 .5 6 1 .3 5 8 .5 5 7 .6 5 3 .9 6 2 .6 5 3 .0 5 7 .4 5 4 .7

1942: Ju ly 1 ................................................... 54 . 1 5 8 .4 5 8 .5 6 2 .4 6 1 .2 6 0 .3 5 6 .7 6 3 .8 56. 1 6 0 .2 5 7 .41943: Ju ly 1 ................................................... 5 5 .8 6 0 .6 6 0 .2 6 4 .1 '6 3 .0 6 2 . 1 5 7 .7 64 . 1 5 7 .9 6 1 .9 5 9 .21944: Ju ly 1 .................................................... 5 8 .6 6 1 .5 6 2 . 1 6 5 .6 6 3 .5 6 3 .5 5 9 .0 6 7 .4 5 9 .2 6 2 .7 6 0 .21945: Ju ly 1 .................................................... 5 9 .8 6 1 .8 6 2 .8 6 6 . 9 6 4 .2 6 4 .5 60 . 0 6 8 .9 6 0 .0 6 3 .4 6 0 .91946: Ju ly 1 .................................................... 7 2 .7 7 4 .0 7 3 .4 7 6 .2 7 4 .8 7 3 .7 7 2 .6 7 8 .6 7 2 .5 7 4 .2 7 1 .9

1948: Jan . 2............................................... 9 5 .3 9 4 .6 9 4 .2 9 3 .0 94 . 1 9 4 .3 9 2 .8 9 2 .8 9 4 .8 9 4 .8 9 4 .51949: Ju ly 1 .................................................... 1 0 4 .7 1 0 5 .4 1 0 5 .8 1 0 7 .0 1 0 5 .9 1 0 5 .7 1 0 7 .2 1 0 7 .2 1 0 5 .2 1 0 5 .2 1 0 5 .51950: Ju ly 1 .................................................... 108. 1 1 0 8 .3 1 0 7 .5 110 .6 107. 1 1 0 6 .8 1 0 8 .9 1 1 0 .6 1 0 7 .8 1 07 .6 1 0 8 .61951: Ju ly 1 .................................................... 1 1 2 .7 1 1 1 .2 1 1 1 .2 1 1 4 .4 1 1 0 .6 1 1 0 .1 1 1 4 .3 1 1 4 .8 1 1 2 .5 1 1 1 .7 113. 11952: Ju ly 1 ................................................... 1 2 0 .3 1 1 9 .4 1 1 8 .0 1 1 9 .5 118.1 1 1 7 .4 119. 5 1 2 3 .2 11 8 .7 118 .9 1 1 9 .51953: Ju ly 1 ................................................... 1 2 5 .7 1 2 3 .3 1 2 2 .8 1 2 3 .8 1 2 2 .6 1 2 2 .8 1 2 5 .9 1 2 8 .5 1 2 3 .8 1 2 3 .4 1 24 .1

See footnote at end of table,


6TABLE 2. - -Indexes 1 of union hourly wage scales in each printing trade, 1907-53 - Continued jan. 2, 1948 - July 1, 1949* 1007

NEWSPAPER

YearComposi

tors,hand

Machineopera

tors

Machinetenders

.(machinists)

Mailers Photo-engravers

Web pressmen

Journeymen

Men-incharge

Journeymen and m en-in- charge

combined

Stereotypers

1907: May 1 5 ...................................................... 19.8 20.3 18.3 20.51908: May 1 5 ...................................................... 20.9 21.2 - - - - - 19.5 21.61909: May 1 5 ...................................................... 22.0 21.9 - - - - - 20.3 22.31910: May 1 5 ...................................................... 23 .0 22.6 - - - - - 21 .0 22.81911: May 1 5 ...................................................... 23.4 22.7 - - - - - 21. 1 23.0

1912: May 1 5 ............................................ ......... 23.9 23 .2 25. 1 21 .4 23.31913: May 1 5 .............................. ....................... 24.3 23.6 25.3 - - - . 21.9 24.71914: May 1 5 ...................................................... 24.6 23.8 25.4 - - - - 22 .0 25.01915: May 1 5 ................ .................................... 24.7 24.0 25.6 - - _ - 22 .2 25.01916: May 1 5 ...................................................... 24.8 24.2 25.7 - 22.4 - - 22.3 25 .3

1917: May 1 5 ...................................................... 25.4 24.9 25.9 23.4 22.7 25.91918: May 1 5 ...................................................... 26.6 25.7 27 .2 - 25.3 - - 24.5 27 .01919: May 1 5 ...................................................... 31.9 31.3 34.5 - 29.8 - - 30 .2 30.41920: May 1 5 ..................................................... 38 .8 38 .8 42.6 - 34.4 - - 37.3 37. 11921: May 1 5 ..................................................... 42 .3 41 .3 44 .5 - 40.6 * " 39.9 4 3 .2

1922: May 1 5 ..................................................... 43 .3 42 .4 44.9 42 .6 37.9 42 .61923: May 1 5 ..................................................... 43 .7 42.9 45 .0 _ 42 .4 . - 38 .4 43 .41924: May 1 5 ..................................................... 46 .0 45 .4 47 .5 _ 4 4 .2 _ . 42 .7 44 .71925: May 1 5 ..................................................... 46 .3 46 .3 46 .2 - 45 .9 - _ 44 .6 45.91926: May 1 5 ..................................................... 4 7 .4 47.5 45 .8 - 49 .4 - " 4 4 .6 46 .5

1927: May 15 . ................................................... 49 .0 48 .5 48.4 50. 1 46 .9 47 .01928: May 1 5 ...................................................... 49 .9 50.3 49 .5 - 52. 1 - - 4 8 .0 47 .01929: May 1 5 ...................................................... 50.8 50.8 50.6 - 52.4 - - 48.1 49 .31930: May 1 5 ...................................................... 51.3 51.2 51.0 - 53.2 - - 4 9 .0 49.61931: May 1 5 ..................................................... 51.3 51.3 51. 1 - 53.7 - - 49 .2 49 .9

1932: May 1 5 ...................................................... 50.8 50.9 50/8 _ 54.3 _ 49 .9 49 .41933: May 1 5 ............................ ......................... 47 .4 47.6 47 .2 - 50.3 - - 46 .7 46 .61934; May 1 5 ..................................................... 48. 1 4 8 .2 47 .8 - 52.6 - - 46 .8 47 .31935: May 1 5 ..................................................... 51.3 51.4 51.0 - 55.1 - - 49 .4 49 .51936: May 1 5 ...................................................... 52 .2 52.3 52.0 - 56.5 - - 4 9 .6 50 .2

1937: May 1 5 ..................................................... 54 .4 54.5 54.2 47. 1 57.5 51 .2 51.81938: June 1 ..................................................... 55.5 55.8 55.5 48 .3 60 .4 - - 52.6 53.61939: June 1 ..................................................... 55.9 56 .2 55.8 48 .7 61.7 53.7 55.0 53.8 54. 11940: June 1 ..................................................... 57. 1 57.2 56.8 50. 2 62 .3 54.9 56.2 55. 1 55.71941: June 1 ..................................................... 57.8 57.8 57.5 52. 2 62 .6 55.7 56.9 55.9 56.6

1942: July 1 ....................................................... 60 .2 60.3 60 .2 55.6 63.9 57.8 59.3 58 .0 59.31943: July 1 ........................................................ 62 .8 62.6 62.7 58.5 64 .7 60.7 62 .0 60 .9 61 .81944: July 1......................................................... 64 .0 64 .0 64.1 59.3 66 .4 62 .2 63 .5 62 .4 63.51945: July 1 ........................................................ 64 .8 64.7 64.9 60.3 67 .8 63 .3 64.4 63.4 64.01946: July 1 ........................................................ 74. 1 74 .4 74.6 73.4 77.8 74.7 75.7 74 .8 74.0

1948: Jan. 2 ..................................................... 95 .2 95. 1 95.1 93.4 94 .4 93 .2 93 .7 93 .2 93.11949: July 1 ........................................................ 104.8 104.9 104.9 106.6 105.6 106.8 106.3 106.8 106.91950: July 1 ......................................................... 106.2 106. 1 106.0 108.3 107.4 109. 1 109.3 109.2 109.41951: July 1 ......................................................... 111. 1 111.0 110.8 114.2 111.8 115.0 114.8 115.0 114.81952: July 1......................................................... 115.9 115.8 115.7 121.3 116.4 119.0 118.5 118.9 120.21953: July 1 ......................................................... 120. 1 120.0 119.4 126.5 120.8 124.7 124.4 124.6 123.5

1 Index series designed for trend purposes; periodical changes in union scales are based on comparable quotations for the various occupations in consecutive periods weighted by number of union members reported at each quotation in the current survey period.


7TA BLE 3. - -P e r c e n t in crea ses in union wage rates and percen t o f union printing trades w ork ers affected ,July 1, 1952 - July 1, 1953

Trade

Percent affected by - Percent of union printing trades workers receiving increases of -

Increase NochangeUnder 5 percent

5 and under 10 percent



20 percent and over

All printing trades.......................................................... 89.4 10.6 53.0 33.6 2.2 0.5 0.1

Book and job ................................................... . ............... 88.7 11.3 54.6 32.5 1.0 0.5 0. 1Bindery women.......................................... ............... 88.4 11.6 44.9 40.5 3.0 . _Bookbinders........ ... . . ............................................ 78.0 22.0 60.0 17.3 .4 .3 .Compositors, hand.................................................... 89.1 10.9 52.3 36.6 . 1 . 1 _Electrotypers........................................ .................... 97.6 2.4 69.1 27.5 .4 .6 -Machine operators .............................................. .. 89.7 10.3 60.9 28.2 .4 .2 .Machine tenders (machinists)......................... .. 96.8 3.2 57.4 35.3 4. 1 _ .M ailers................ ............... .................................. .. 87.6 12.4 24.1 47.7 8.6 7.2 -Photoengravers................................................ ... 97.9 2.1 61.1 34.5 1. 1 1.2 .Press assistants and feed ers .......................... .. 88.8 11.2 41.3 46.6 .4 .4 . 1Pressmen, cylinder.................................................. 9.4 10.6 65.4 22.9 .4 .5 .2Pressmen, platen..................................................... 83.9 16.1 46.7 35.1 . 1 - 2.0Stereotypers ............................... ................. 93.9 6.1 46.1 47.0 .5 .3 -

Newspaper......................................................................... 90.8 9.2 50.1 35.8 4.4 .5 _Daywork....................................................................... 89.8 10.2 45.5 39.3 4.8 .2 -Nightwork .................... .............................................. 91.8 8.2 54.9 32.3 3.9 .7 -Compositors, hand:

Daywork.............................. ............. ................... 90.3 9.7 50.3 39.7 .3 . -Nightwork.............. ................ .............................. 92.5 7.5 64.0 28.4 . 1 - -

Machine operators:Daywork............................................................ ... 90.1 9.9 52.8 36.8 .5 - -Nightwork................ .............................. 91.5 8.5 63.8 27.6 . 1 - -

Machin? tenders (machinists):Daywork ................................................................. 86.2 13.8 58.6 27.1 .5 - -Nightwork........ ............................................. 90.5 9.5 70.2 19.9 .4 - -

Mailers:Daywork .................................................. .............. 88.8 11.2 39.9 44.0 4.1 .8 -Nightwork.............................................................. 95.6 4 .4 46.5 46.3 1.4 1.4 -

Photoengraver s:Daywork.............................................. .................... 90.9 9.1 42.6 47.3 1.0 - -Nightwork................ ......................... .................... 95.1 4.9 54.6 40.5 - - -

Pressmen (journeymen):Daywork................................................................. 91.7 8.3 38.9 36.3 16.0 .5 -Nightwork...................... ........................................ 89.1 10.9 45.7 21.6 18.8 3.0 -

Pressmen-in-charge:Daywork.................................................................. 93.6 6.4 36.7 36.2 20.7 - -Nightwork .............................................................. 91.0 9.0 34.1 40.2 16.7 - -

Stereotypers:Daywork................................................................. . 84.7 15.3 40.6 43.9 .2 - -Nightwork...................................................... .. 87.5 12.5 34.3 53.2

TABLE 4. --Cents-per-hour increases in union wage rates and percent of union printing trades workers affected,July 1, 1952 - July 1, 1953

TradePercent of workers affected by wage rate increases

Percent o 1 union printing trade increases o8 workers receiving f -Under 5 cents

5 and under 10 cents10 and under 15 cents


25 and under 30 cents30 cents and over

All printing trades............. 89.4 6.2 32.9 35.7 8.3 4.0 1.2 1.1Book and job.................... 88.7 7.4 33.7 35.3 7.2 4.2 0.4 0.5Bindery women................ 88.4 23.9 42.4 21.7 .4 - - -Bookbinders ... .............. .. 78.0 7.2 47.6 16.3 6.2 .4 .3Compositors, hand............. 89.1 5.6 33.8 26.7 8.2 14.7 - . 1Electrotypers................. 97.6 1.5 55.3 16.2 20.8 - 3.2 .6Machine operators .............. 89.7 5.2 49.0 18.4 7.3 9.4 .2 .2Machine tenders (machinists) ...... 96.8 3. 1 43.6 29.8 4.4 12.2 .9 2.8Mailers............. ........ 87.6 2.2 24.9 39.2 13.3 .2 .6 7.2Photoengravers ................. 97.9 3.4 19.4 48.2 14.9 9.7 1.1 1.2Press assistants and feeders...... 88.8 4.0 23.4 56.3 4.3 .7 - . 1Pressmen, cylinder ............. 89.4 1.0 17.1 63.8 6.0 .7 .4 .4Pressmen, platen .............. 83.9 2.7 29.5 44.2 5.5 - - 2.0Stereotypers ................... 93.9 3.1 31.1 32.9 24.4 1.6 .5 .3


TABLE 4 . - -C en ts-p er -h ou r in creases in union wage rates and percent o f union printing trades w ork ers a ffected ,July 1, 1952 - July 1, 1953 - Continued

TradePercent of workers affected by wage rate increases

Percent oi! union printing trades workers receiving increases of -Under 5 cents



25 and under 30 cents30 cents and over

Newspaper..................... 90.8 3.8 31.0 36.8 10.5 3.7 2.7 2.3Daywork.................... 89.8 3.5 29.3 39.3 9.5 3.9 3.9 .4Nightwork ................... 91.8 4. 1 32.8 34.2 11.6 3.5 1.4 4.2Compositors, hand:Daywork .................. 90.3 2.5 32.7 47.0 5.0 2.8 - .3Nightwork ................. 92.5 3.8 34.0 40.9 11.3 2.4 - . 1Machine operators:Daywork.................. 90.1 1.6 36.3 43.1 5.4 3.3 - _ .4Nightwork .................. 91.5 2.7 35.3 41.5 9.2 . 2.7 - . 1Machine tenders (machinists):Daywork .................. 86.2 2. 1 4i.9 36.0 4.7 1.0 - .5Nightwork................. 90.5 3.6 42.2 37.2 6.6 .5 - .4Mailers:Daywork .................. 88.8 5.9 27.9 36.5 12.8 3.4 1.5 .8Nightwork................. 95.6 4.8 35.9 43. 1 7.3 3. 1 - 1.4Photoengraver s:Daywork .................. 90.9 4.3 27.7 37.1 19.5 1. 1 1.2 -Nightwork ................ . 95.1 2.0 35.0 23.4 31.4 .7 2.6 -Pressmen (journeymen):jDaywork ..... ..... 91.7 4.3 23.8 28.6 12.6 7.0 14.9 .5^Nightwork................. 89.1 5. 1 31.8 12.4 13.6 5.7 . 1 20.4Pressmen-in-charge:Daywork .................. 93.6 6.7 18.0 24.7 10.4 15.0 17.0 1.8Nightwork................. 91.0 6.5 18.3 16. 1 17.7 15.9 1.9 14.6Stereotypers:Daywork .................. 84.7 3.8 20.8 45.3 13.7 1.0 . 1 -Nightwork................ 87.5 6.0 16.3 32.0 12.7 3.8 16.7

T A B L E 5 . - -A v e r a g e u n ion h o u r ly w a ge r a te s in the p r in tin g in d u stry , Ju ly 1, 1953, and in c r e a s e s in r a te s ,J u ly 1, 1952 - Ju ly 1, 1953

TradeAverage rate per hour,

July M 9 5 3 1

Amount ol increase July 1, 1952 - July 1, 1953 2

Average rate per hour,

July 1, 19531

A mount of increase July 1, 1952 - July 1, 1953 2

Percent Cents-per-hour PercentCents-per-

hour

All printing trades............ $2.58 4.0 9.9 Newspaper - Continued

Rnnk and j n h ........ 2.44 4. 0 9.3 Machine operators $2.91 3.6 10.2Bindery w o m e n ...... 1.38 4.5 5.9 D a y w o r k ................ 2.82 3.7 10. 1Pf>rlrtvjpd*'rii TtT.TtTTnTTTtt 2. 31 3. 2 7. 2 Nightwork ............. 2.99 3.5 10.2Compositors, h a n d ........ 2.73 4.0 10.6 Machine tendersElectrotypers............ . 2.96 3.6 10.3 (machinists)............ 2.92 3.2 9.2Machine operators ......... 2.74 3.8 10.0 D a y w o r k ............ . 2.85 3.3 9.0Machine tenders I Nightwork.............. 2.99 3.2 9.3(marWni stfi) TtTT.T ....T. 2. 75* 4.6 12. 0 I Mailers .............. ... 2.55 4.3 10. 5

Mailers ................... 2. 23 5.4 11.4 D a y w o r k ............... 2.42 4.3 10.0Photoengravers............ 3.22 4.3 13.3 Nightwork .............. 2.66 4.2 10.8P res8 assistants and Photoengraver8 .......... 3. 15 3.8 11.4fpPfl f. -{ R T - .... .... 2. 22 4. 3 9.2 Daywork .............. 3.04 3.7 10.9

Pressmen, cylinder....... 2.74 3.8 10.1 Nightwork .............. 3.27 3.8 12.0Pressmen, platen....... .. 2.42 3.8 9.0 P r e 8s m e n (journeymen) ... 2.90 4.8 13.3Stereotypers............... 2.95 4. 1 11.5 D a y w o r k ............... 2.76 5.0 13.2

Nightwork............. 3.08 4.6 13.5N e w s p a p e r .................... 2.87 4.0 H . 1 Pressmen-in-charge...... 3. 12 5.0 14.8

D a y w o r k ......... ......... 2.76 4. 1 10.8 D a y w o r k ......... . 2.99 5.2 14.8Nightwork ................. 2.97 3.9 11.3 Nightwork.............. 3.29 4.7 14.8Compositors, h a n d ........ 2.91 3.7 10.2 Stereotypers.............. 2.85 4.0 10.9

D a y w o r k ................ 2.82 3.7 10. 1 Daywork ............... 2.74 3.7 9.7Nig h t w o r k.............. 2.99 3 .6 10.4 Nightwork.............. 3.01 4 . 4 12.6

1 A v e ra g e ra te s a r e b a se d on a ll ra te s in e f fe c t on Ju ly 1, 1953; in d iv id u a l ra te s a r e w e ig h ted b y th e n u m b er o f u n ion m e m b e r s r e p o r te d at e a ch r a te .

2 B a sed on c o m p a r a b le qu ota tion s f o r 1952 and .1953 w eigh ted b y the n u m b er o f u n ion m e m b e r s r e p o r te d a t e a ch q u ota tion in 1953.Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

9TABLE 6. Increases in union wage rates in the printing trades by city, region, and industry branch,July 1, 1952 - July 1, 1953

C it ie s b y r e g io nA l l p r in tin g tr a d e s B o o k and jo b N ew sp a p er

P e r c e n to f

in c r e a s eC en ts

in c r e a s eP e r c e n t

o fin c r e a s e

C en tsin c r e a s e

P e r c e n to f

in c r e a s eC en ts

in c r e a s e

A l l c i t i e s . . ........................................................................... 4 . 0 9 .9 4 . 0 9 .3 4 . 0 1 1 .1

N ew E n g la n d ....................................................................... 4 . 0 9 .7 4 .6 1 0 .2 3 .2 8 .9B o s to n , M a s s ............. .................................................. 3 .7 9 .1 4 .5 9 .7 2 .9 8 .4N ew H aven , C on n . ................................................... 5 .9 1 3 .4 6 .0 1 3 .3 5 .6 1 3 .7P r o v id e n c e , R . I ........................................................ 2 .0 5 .2 2 .3 5 .6 1 .8 5 .1S p r in g fie ld , M a s s ............................................... 2 .9 6 .7 2 .5 5 .8 4 .1 9 .2

M id d le A t la n t ic ................................................ .............. 3 .9 9 .6 3 .9 9 .0 4 .0 1 1 .1B u ffa lo , N . Y ................................................................ 3 .9 9 .2 4 .7 1 0 .4 2 .5 6 .6E r ie , P a ..................................... ..................................... 6 .5 1 5 .1 3 .9 8 .9 7 .6 1 7 .9N ew a rk , N . J . 4 .6 1 1 .8 4 .5 1 1 .0 4 .7 1 3 .3N ew Y o r k , N . Y .......................................................... 3 .5 9 .1 3 .8 9 .4 2 .7 8 .3P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . . . .............................................. 4 . 5 1 0 .6 3 .3 7 .5 7 .1 1 7 .8P ittsb u rg h , P a .............................................................. 3 .7 9 .2 4 .1 9 .6 3 .4 8 .9R o c h e s t e r , N . Y .............. ........................................... 5 .7 1 3 .2 4 .9 1 1 .0 6 .9 1 7 .5S cra n ton , P a ..................................................... .. 3 .7 7 .2 3 .5 6 .3 4 . 2 1 0 .9S y r a c u s e , N . Y . .......................... .............. .. 5 .0 1 1 .0 5 .0 9 .0 5 .0 1 2 .8

B o r d e r S ta tes ..................................................................... 4 . 7 1 0 .8 4 .8 9 .7 4 .7 1 2 .5B a lt im o r e , M d ............................................................. 4 . 5 1 0 .3 4 . 4 9 .1 4 .5 1 1 .8L o u is v i l le , K y .............................................................. 3 .7 8 .0 3 .7 6 .7 3 .8 1 0 .4R ich m o n d , V a .................... ................................ .. 5 .5 1 1 .5 5 .6 9 .5 5 .4 1 3 .7W a sh in gton , D . C ..................................... ................. 5 . 1 1 2 .4 5 .3 1 1 .6 5 .0 1 4 .0

S o u t h e a s t .............................................................................. 3 .4 8 .1 3 .0 6 .6 3 .6 9 .2A tla n ta , G a. ..................... ........................... 2 .8 6 .9 2 .0 4 . 8 4 . 4 1 1 .6B irm in g h a m , A la ............... ........................................ 3 .4 8 .0 3 .1 6 .8 3 .6 9 .4C h a r lo tte , N . C ........................................................... 3 .9 9 .1 3.. 2 6 .3 4 .1 1 0 .3J a c k s o n v il le , F la ................................................ 2 .3 5 .7 5 .0 1 0 .0 2 .0 5 .1K n o x v ille , T e n n .......................................................... 3 .7 8 .9 3 .0 6 .9 4 .0 9 .7M em p h is , T en n ................... ........................................ 4 . 4 1 0 .0 5 .4 1 0 .7 3 .5 9 .3

G rea t L a k e s ............................... ................... ................... 4 .7 1 2 .0 4 . 4 1 0 .8 5 .3 1 4 .8C h ic a g o , 111.............................. ..................................... 5 .6 1 5 .2 4 .8 1 3 .0 7 .0 2 0 .0C in c in n a ti, O h io ......................................................... 2 .7 6 .9 3 .4 8 .3 1 .8 5 .0C le v e la n d , O h i o .......................................... 4 .9 1 2 .9 4 .1 9 .5 5 .9 1 6 .4C o lu m b u s , O h io ........................................................ 4 .7 1 1 .3 4 .1 9 .2 5 .5 1 4 .5D ayton , O h i o ............................................................... 5 .7 1 3 .3 6 .2 1 4 .1 2 .9 7 .7D e tr o it , M ich ................................................................ 3 . 1 8 .2 2 .2 5 .7 4 .8 1 3 .9G ra n d R a p id s , M ich . . ......................................... 4 . 5 1 0 .6 3 .9 8 .5 5 .1 1 3 .2In d ia n a p o lis , In d ............................................... .. 4 . 4 1 0 .7 4 .9 1 0 .9 3 .8 1 0 .4M ilw a u k ee , W is . ............................... .. . . . . . 4 . 4 1 0 .5 4 .2 9 .7 4 .7 1 2 .6M in n e a p o lis -S t . P a u l, M i n n . ............................ 3 .7 8 .1 3 .7 7 .6 3 .7 1 0 .5P e o r ia , H I................................. ..................................... 3 . 1 7 .8 3 .1 7 .3 3 .1 8 .2T o le d o , O h io ....................... ........................ ............... 5 .5 1 4 .0 6 .2 1 4 .4 4 .9 1 3 .5

M id d le W e s t ........................................................................ 3 . 1 7 .3 3 .5 7 .6 2 .5 6 .7D e s M o in e s , Iow a ................................................... 3 .4 8 .0 4 .7 1 0 .4 .6 1 .6K a n sa s C ity , M o . ................................................. '. 4 .5 1 0 .4 3 .4 7 .5 6 .6 1 7 .0O m a h a, N e b r . .................. ......................................... 3 .4 8 .1 1 .7 3 .8 4 .4 1 1 .3St. L o u is , M o . ........................................................... 2 .4 5 .5 2 .9 6 .2 1 .3 3 .9

Southw est ............................................................................. 3 .4 8 .1 3 .7 8 .0 3 .1 8 .2D a lla s , T e x .................................................................... 2 .5 6 .7 2 .3 5 .8 2 .6 7 .4H ou ston , T e x ................................................................. 3 .8 9 .8 4 .2 9 .7 3 .6 9 .9L it t le R o c k , A r k .......................................... ............... 4 .6 9 .9 5 .0 9 .4 4 .3 1 0 .2N ew O r le a n s , L a ......................................................... 3 .6 8 .1 2 .9 6 .4 4 .3 1 0 .4O kla h om a C ity , O k la . ............................................ 2 .8 6 .2 4 .3 8 .3 1 .2 3 .1San A n to n io , T e x ......................................................... 2 .8 6 .5 3 .9 7 .6 2 .3 6 .0

M ountain ............................ .................................................. 3 .8 9 .1 3 .4 6 .9 4 .0 1 0 .5D e n v e r , C o lo ................................................................ 3 . 1 7 .3 2 .7 5 .5 3 .3 9 .0Salt L a k e C ity , U t a h .............................................. 5 .5 1 3 .5 8 .2 1 7 .0 5 . 1 1 2 .8

P a c i f i c .................................................................................... 2 .7 7 .1 2 .8 7 .2 2 .5 6 .9L o s A n g e le s , C a lii '. .............................................. 3 .5 9 .1 3 .0 7 .8 4 .2 1 1 .3O akland, C a lif . ......................................... .............. 1 .3 3 .7 2 .0 5 .3 .3 .9P o r t la n d , O r e g ............................................................. 4 .9 1 2 .9 4 .8 1 2 .0 5 .0 1 3 .8San F r a n c is c o , C a l i f . ............................................ 2 .3 6 .0 3 .1 7 .9 .4 1 .0S ea ttle , W ash .................. ............................................. 1 .4 3 .8 .3 .9 2 .9 8 .5S pok ane, W ash .............................................................. 2 .0 5 .2 3 .7 8 .5 1 .1 3 .2Digitized for FRASER


TA BLE 7. - -D istribution o f union m em bers in the printing trades by hourly wage rates and by trade, July 1, 1953

AveragePercent of union members whose rate (in cents) per hour was

Trade rateper Undern r n r

andT W ~ T W ~ T R T 150 160 170 TS0 190 ^O fT 210 zzo 2 3 0 240 250 2b0 270 280 290 300 310 3Z0 330 340 350

andhour 110 under120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350

over

All printing tra d es ................................. $ 2 . 583 0 . 1 1. 6 3. 0 3. 3 3 .0 1. 2 0. 6 0. 6 0 .9 0 .3 1. 3 2. 7 2 .0 4. 2 6 .3 7 .6 9. 4 8. 8 13. 1 1 0 .8 7. 5 2. 2 4 .5 1. 2 0 .2 3 .6

Book and j o b ............................................. 2 .4 3 7 0. 2 2 .4 4 .6 4 .9 4 .5 1. 8 1 .0 0 .9 1. 2 0 .4 1. 7 4 .0 2. 6 5 .3 8 .2 7. 8 8. 9 6. 5 10. 3 9 .0 5 .2 1. 3 2 .7 0. 1 (*) 4 . 5Bindery w om en.................................. 1. 376 1. 1 8 .6 2 1 .6 28. 7 23. 2 9 .6 3. 8 3 .4 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Bookbinders . . .................................... 2. 309 _ 5. 7 6 .3 - . 1 . 4 . 2 . 8 . 7 . 4 2. 8 9 .7 2 .7 7. 2 28. 6 8 .9 15. 5 2. 3 3 . 8 3. 2 . 7 - - - -Compositors, hand.......................... 2. 730 _ _ - - - - - - - - . 6 . 9 2 .3 3 .7 5 .4 1 5 .3 14. 6 12. 6 18. 7 1 0 .0 1 5 .9 - - - -Electrotypers ................................... 2 .9 5 9 _ _ - - - - - - - - - . 5 . 5 1. 7 . 8 2 .8 12. 3 18. 5 4. 3 1 0 .2 8. 1 3r 2 37 . 1 - - -Machine o p erators.......................... 2. 742 - _ - - - - - - - - .7 1. 0 1 .8 3. 6 5 .3 13. 6 11. 4 10. 6 33. 4 8 .4 10. 1 - - - . 1Machine tenders (machinists) . . . 2. 748 - - - - - - - - - - . 9 - 1 .4 6. 6 4 . 3 1 1 .8 5.8 14. 7 37. 8 5. 2 11. 5 - - - - ~M a ile rs ...................................................... 2. 228 _ _ 3 .6 _ 24. 5 .6 .5 - - 1. 2 . 8 5. 1 7 .4 5 .8 5 .0 26. 1 5 6. 1 7. 4 4 . 3 1. 1 - - - - -Photoengravers..................................... 3. 22Z - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. 1 3 .6 5 . 0 4. 4 11. 8 6. 3 7. 7 8. 1 7 .9 .3 0. 2 43 . 6Press assistants and feeders . . . 2. 220 _ 1. 2 . 2 .9 . 6 1 .0 2 .7 2. 1 9 .8 1. 6 9 .2 17. 0 7. 5 21. 6 8. 2 . 5 11. 2 4 . 4 3 - - - - -Pressmen, cylinder .......................... 2. 738 _ _ - - - - - - . 2 . 4 . 3 2. 1 1 .9 5. 1 10. 3 1 0 .2 7. 0 8. 8 13! 0 3 2 .4 4 .8 1 .9 1 .4 . 2 - (*)Pressmen, platen............................Stereotypers ......................................

2 .4 2 0 - _ - . 1 - - . 1 1. 5 3. 1 5 .6 7 .0 20. 6 7 .4 12. 1 2 0 .9 9. 6 2. 8 8. 2 1 .0 - - - - - -2 ,9 5 1 3 .7 8. 9 10. 3 26. 2 U .7 . 9 7. 7 2 1 .0 2 .6

Newspaper..................................................D ayw ork...............................................Nightwork.............................................Compositors, hand .......................... .

Daywork ............................................Nightw ork ..........................................

Machine o p erators..........................Daywork ............................................Nightw ork ..........................................

Machine tenders (machinists) . . .Daywork ............................................Nightwork ..........................................

Z. 8682. 762

- - - (')( l )

- - - ('). 1

. 3

. 5. 2 >4

. 6. 1 . 2

. 8' 1. 2

2. 0 3. 3

2 .7 4 . 5

7 .412. 0

10.13.

58

13.16.

34

18.19.

41

1 4 .2 14. 7

12. 0 11. 1

4 . 0 . 7

8. 1 . 7

3 .41 .0

. 4(')

1. 8 . 1

2 .9 7 3 2 .9 0 7 2 .8 1 7 2 .9 8 8 2 .9 1 4 2 .8 2 4 2. 993

-- -

--

--

(>) . 3 . 28f1). 1

. 1 . 3 . 4 . 7

. 3

. 6

. 8 .9 2. 8 5 .3

11. 1

4 .710. 2

7.10.14.

7. 11.15.

8.

3770320

10.10.16.

5. 9.

13.6.

35056 6 1

17.20.21.20.20.24.16.

85 1 26 7 9

1 4 .0 1 9 .3 19. 8 1 8 .9 2 0 .2 1 9 .22 1 .0

12. 8 18. 616. 5 20. 5 1 6 .9 16. 017. 7

7 .2 3. 2

6. 1 3. 8

7. 1

1 5 .31 0 .4

19. 8 10. 6

1 9 .7

5 .7 1 .0

1 .91 .7

3 .2

. 8 3 .4

! 1

! 3 . 4 . 3

2 .9 2 1 2 .8 5 1 2 .9 9 3 2. 551

--

-

(*)- - -

. 2 1. 8 1. 1 2 .7 1. 0

. 51 .0

4 . 1 1 3 .4 11. 6

4 .28 .4

19. 1

10.10.10.8.

8885

7.12.

2.20.

8693

20.26.14.14.

434 7

1 9 .21 6 .62 1 .9

.8

22. 1 24. 3 1 9 .7

. 7

3. 1

6 . 3

1 0 .7

21. 7

1 .2

2 .3-

-

Nightw ork......................................2. 423 2 .6 5 9 - - -

. 1- - -

.4 3 .9(!) 2 .0

4. 51. 2

1. 6 . 4

6 .42 .2

. 2

1 3 . 1 5. 1

1 8 .85 .4

24. 2 1 4 .6

2. 4

9.7.5.

666

7.31.

2.

449 27.3. 39 1. 5 7. 3 1 .3 18. 7 1 6 .8 15. 3 1 0 .9 1. 5 14. 5Photoengravers .................................... 3. 150 " .4 4 . 6 5.9 4. 8 5.7 1 0 .8 2 8 .4 8. 7 1 5 .2 1 5 .5 _ _Daywork ............................................ 3. 044 " 5.2 8 2. 3 .4 7 .9 25. 6 15. 5 5 .9 3. 1 30. 5Nightw ork ..........................................

Pressmen (journeymen).................3. 267 2 .9 0 4 2. 761

- - - - - - - - - - - - - .4. 73 .97 .2

6. 7 1 1 .4

9.12.

17

17.24.

52

17.21.

691 5 .71 8 .7

5. 6 3 .2

3 . 5( l )

9 .2 10. 1 . 5 . 2_ _ .. 1. 2 4. 7 9.4 12. 3 12. 1 8. 5 7.7 20. 2 2 2 .2 1. 2 .5

P ressm en -in -ch a rge ........................3. 075 3. 123 2 .9 8 7

- - - - -- -

--

- - - --

" . 1 . 1

4.7.1.

890

4.6.1.

356

12.20.

2.

425

1 2 .9 1 3 .61 1 .9

2 3 .23 1 .41 2 .9

1 1 .4 9 .9

1 3 .4

3 .8 . 8

7. 6

9 .59 .39 .7

7. 8 . 3

1 7 .2

9 .8

22. 2Nightwork ..........................................Stereotypers............................................

Daywork ............................................N ightw ork .......................... ...............

3. 2932. 852 2 .7 3 93. 007

- - - --

-- -

--

- -. 1 . 2 -

2. 2 3 .8

7. 7 10. 6

3 .7

18.22.13.

412

19.27.

8.

897

24.26.21.

207

7. 6 6 .6 9 .0

3 .3 2. 1 5 .0

5 .4

1 2 .9

3 . 1 . 1

7 .2

. 2.3 .2.3 7 .8 18. 6

Less than 0.05 percent,


11

TABLE 8. --A v e ra g e union hourly wage rates in the printing trades by city and population group, July 1, 1953

B O O K A N D J O B

C ity and p op u la tion g rou p

P o p u la tio n grou p I (1 ,0 0 0 , 000 o r m o r e ) :C h ic a g o , 111............ ..........................................L o s A n g e le s , C a l i f .......................................D e tr o it , M ich . .............................................. .

A v e ra g eh o u r ly

N E W S P A P E R

C ity and p op u la tion groujpA v e ra g e

h ou rlyra te ra te

$ 2 ,8 1 2 2, 671 2.621

P op u la tion grou p I ( 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 o r m o r e ) :N ew Y o r k , N . Y ...............................................................C h ic a g o , i l l .........................................................................D e tro it , M ich .....................................................................

$3. 120 3 .0 6 0 3 .0 4 0

A v e ra g e fo r g rou p I 2. 606 A v e ra g e f o r g rou p I 3 .0 1 6

N ew Y o r k , N . Y . P h ila d e lp h ia , P a .

2. 541 2. 348

L o s A n g e le s , C a li f . P h ila d e lp h ia , P a . .

2. 834 2. 701

P o p u la tio n g rou p II (5 0 0 , 000 to 1, 000 , 000):San F r a n c is c o , C a l i f ...........................................C in c in n a ti, O h i o ...................................................P it tsb u rg h , P a . ......................................................H ou ston , T e x ............................................................C le v e la n d , O h i o ...................................................M ilw au k ee , W is ......................................................W ash in gton , D . C .................................................

A v e ra g e f o r g rou p I I .........................................

B u ffa lo , N . Y ...........................................................B o s to n , M a s s ...........................................................N ew O r le a n s , L a ...................................................St. L o u is , M o ..........................................................B a lt im o re , M d. ...................................................M in n e a p o lis -S t . P a u l, M inn...........................

Population group HI (250,000 to 500,000):Seattle, Wash. ............................ ............. ...............Oakland, Calif.............................................................Portland, Oreg............................................................Newark, N. J...............................................................Dallas, Tex..................................................................Atlanta, Ga...................................................................Toledo, O hio.......................................................... .. .

Average for group III ............................................

Columbus, O h io ........................................................Indianapolis, Ind.........................................................Rochester, N. Y........................................................Birmingham, Ala.......................................................Kansas City, Mo............................... .........................Memphis, Tenn. .....................................................Denver, Colo................... ...........................................San Antonio, Tex........................................................Louisville, Ky. ..................................................... ..

2. 648 2. 494 2 .4 2 72. 405 2 .3 8 5 2. 378 2 .3 1 7

2. 312

2. 289 2. 262 2. 243 2. 209 2. 138 2. 113

2 .7 5 0 2, 725 2.626 2 .5 2 9 2. 512 2. 401 2. 395

2. 394

2. 361 2. 359 2. 349 2. 266 2. 259 2. 077 2. 074 2. 012 1. 893

P op u la tion g rou p U (5 0 0 ,0 0 0 to 1 ,0 0 0 ,0 0 0 ) :W a sh in gton , D . C ......................................................... ..B o s to n , M a s s .....................................................................M in n e a p o lis -S t . P a u l, M inn.....................................C le v e la n d , O h i o .......................... ..................................San F r a n c is c o , C a l i f ................................................St. L o u is , M o. ................................................................

A v e ra g e fo r g rou p H ...................................................

H ouston , T e x ................... . ................................................M ilw a u k ee , W is ................................................................C in c in n a ti, O h i o ..............................................................B u ffa lo , N . Y .......................... '..........................................P ittsb u rg h , P a ..................................................................B a lt im o re , M d..................................................................N ew O r le a n s , L a .............................................................

Population group HI (250, 000 to 500, 000):Seattle, Wash........................Newark, N. J........................Toledo, Ohio........................Portland, Oreg.......................Dallas, Tex..........................Oakland, Calif....... ........... ;___Average for group HI .................Indianapolis, Ind......................Denver, Colo....................... ..Columbus, Ohio....... ..............Louisville, Ky........................Atlanta, Ga..........................Memphis, Tenn.......................Kansas City, Mo......................Rochester, N. Y......................Birmingham, Ala. ....................San Antonio, Tex......................

2 .9 6 62 .9 3 82 .9 3 8 2 .9 3 1 2 .9 1 6 2. 896

2. 867

2. 860 2. 826 2. 794 2. 743 2. 721 2. 717 2. 517

3. 020 2 .9 8 1 2 .9 2 1 2 .9 1 7 2. 899 2. 878

2. 853

2. 844 2. 810 2. 801 2. 790 2. 762 2. 742 2. 740 2. 704 2. 702 2. 609

P op u la tion grou p IV (1 0 0 ,0 0 0 to 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ):P r o v id e n c e , R . I ...............................................D ayton , O h i o ........................................................P e o r ia , H I...............................................................S pok ane, W ash ......................................................S p r in g fie ld , M a s s ..................................*............K n o x v ille , T en n ...................................................E r ie , P a ...................................................................N ew H aven, C on n ................................................D es M o in e s , Iow a ............................................G rand R a p id s , M ich .............................v. . . . .O m aha, N e b r . ......................................................Salt L a ke C ity , U t a h ......................................

2. 542 2 .4 1 2 2 .4 0 7 2. 398 2. 384 2. 377 2. 367 2. 352 2. 312 2. 263 2. 254 2. 240

P op u la tion g rou p IV (1 0 0 ,0 0 0 to 2 5 0 ,0 0 0 ):Spokane, W ash ............................... ...................................P r o v id e n c e , R . I..............................................................P e o r ia , 111............................................................................D es M o in e s , Iow a .........................................................S cra n ton , P a .......................................................................S y r a c u s e , N . Y .................................................................G rand R a p id s , M ich .......................................................D ayton , O h i o .....................................................................O klahom a C ity , O k la .....................................................

A v e ra g e fo r g rou p IV .................................................

2. 862 2. 802 2. 730 2. 728 2. 703 2. 701 2. 696 2. 692 2. 670

2. 658

A v e ra g e f o r g rou p IV .................................................

J a ck s o n v ille , F la .............................................................C h a r lo tte , N . C ................................................................O k lahom a C ity , O k la ....................................................L it t le R o c k , A r k ..............................................................S y r a c u s e , N. Y .................................................................S cra n ton , P a .......................................................................R ich m o n d , V a .................................................................... 1

2. 200

2. 0842. 031 2. 002 1 .9 5 9 1 .9 0 3 1. 858 1. 780

R ich m on d , V a ...............O m aha, N e b r ................Salt L ake C ity , Utah J a ck s o n v ille , F la . . . N ew H aven, C on n . . . C h a r lo tte , N . C . . . . K n o x v ille , Ten n . . . .E r ie , P a ...........................L itt le R o ck , A rk . . . S p r in g fie ld , M a ss . .

2. 651 2. 649 2. 635 2. 622 2. 592 2. 580 2. 547 2. 544 2. 481 2. 368

1 The a v e ra g e s in the b o o k and jo b ta bu la tion in c lu d e ra tes fo r the s e m is k i l le d - -b in d e r y w om en and p r e s s a ss is ta n ts and f e e d e r s - - as w e ll as the h igh ly s k ille d jo u rn e y m e n , c o m p o s in g r o o m and p r e s s r o o m w o r k e r s , and o th e r s . T h e n u m ber o f s e m is k i l le d w o rk e rs o r g a n iz e d in a c ity m ay have in flu en ce on the a v e ra g e fo r the c ity .Digitized for FRASER


12

TA B LE 9. --A v e ra g e union hourly wage rates in the printing trades by reg ion ,1 and by trade, July 1, 1953

T ra d e U nitedStates

N ewE n gland

M id d leA tlan tic

B o r d e rStates

South e a s t

G rea tL a k e s

M id d leW est

South w e st

M ountain P a c i f i c

A l l p r in tin g t r a d e s ........................................................... $ 2 .5 8 $2. 53 $2. 56 $2. 39 $ 2 .4 8 $2. 66 $ 2 .4 1 $2. 49 $2. 48 $2. 7S

B o o k and j o b ........................................................................ 2. 44 2. 31 2. 42 2. 13 2. 28 2. 54 2. 25 2 .2 1 2. 09 2. 66B in d e ry w o m e n ........................................................... 1. 38 1. 24 1. 35 1 .2 4 1 .2 5 1 .3 9 1 .4 0 1. 19 1. 28 1 .6 7B o o k b in d e rs ................ ............................................... 2. 31 2. 42 2. 10 2. 28 , 2 .4 4 2. 62 2 .4 3 2. 24 2. 19 2. 88C o m p o s i t o r s , h a n d ................................................... 2. 73 2. 46 2. 70 2 .5 1 , 2 . 56 2. 85 2. 62 2. 51 2 .3 8 2. 88E le c t r o ty p e r s ............................................................. 2. 96 2. 69 3. 09 2. 60 2. 84 3. 00 2. 75 2. 77 2. 55 2 .9 9M ach in e o p e r a t o r s .................................................. 2. 74 2 .4 7 2. 80 2. 55 2. 52 2. 84 2. 60 2. 52 2 .3 5 2 .8 9M ach in e te n d e rs ( m a c h in i s t s ) ........................... 2. 75 2. 52 2. 84 2. 49 2. 61 2. 84 2. 60 2 .4 1 2. 57 2. 86M a i l e r s ............................................................................. 2. 23 - 2 .3 3 1. 65 2 .4 5 2. 32 2. 54 2 .2 6 2. 53 2. 79P h o to e n g ra v e rs ............................... ....................... 3 .2 2 2. 70 3 .4 5 2. 81 2 .6 5 3. 20 2 .7 8 2 .7 1 2. 68 3. 13P r e s s a s s is ta n ts and f e e d e r s ............................. 2. 22 2. 11 2. 21 2. 02 1. 56 2 .3 7 2. 00 1. 54 1 .7 6 2. 25P r e s s m e n , c y l i n d e r ................................................. 2. 74 2. 46 2. 82 2. 50 2. 50 2. 80 2. 62 2. 26 2. 44 2 .8 7P r e s s m e n , p l a t e n ................................................... 2. 42 2. 26 2. 50 2. 10 2. 09 2 .3 7 2. 33 2 .0 2 2. 28 2. 79S te r e o ty p e r s ................................................................ 2 .9 5 2 .9 1 3. 10 2. 76 2. 85 2 .9 1 2. 82 2. 80 2. 69 2. 94

N e w s p a p e r ............................................................................. 2. 87 2. 84 2 .9 2 2. 81 2. 64 2. 94 2. 80 2 .7 1 2. 74 2.* 89D a y w o rk ........................................................................... 2. 76 2 .7 1 2. 78 2. 72 2. 58 2. 83 2. 7Q 2. 63 2. 69 2. 81N igh t w o rk ..................................................................... 2 .9 7 2 .9 9 3 .0 5 2 .9 0 2. 68 3. 04 2. 90 2. 79 2. 81 2 .9 6C o m p o s i t o r s , h a n d ................................................... 2 .9 1 2. 81 2. 96 2 .9 0 2. 70 2 .9 8 2. 88 2. 80 2. 83 2 .9 5

D a y w ork ................................................................... 2. 82 2. 71 2. 88 2. 83 2. 64 2. 88 2. 78 2. 71 2. 78 2. 87N ig h t w o r k ................................................................ 2. 99 2 .9 7 3 .0 3 2 .9 6 2. 74 3. 06 2 .9 6 2. 87 2. 90 3. 03

M ach in e o p e r a t o r s ................................................... 2 .9 1 2 .8 4 2 .9 8 2 .9 0 2. 67 2 .9 8 2 .8 4 2. 78 2. 83 2 .9 5D a y w ork ................................................................... 2. 82 2. 74 2. 89 2. 82 2. 62 2. 87 2. 76 2. 69 2. 78 2. 87N ig h t w o r k ................................................................ 2. 99 2. 97 3 .0 6 2 .9 6 2. 71 3 .0 7 2 .9 3 2. 85 2. 89 3 .0 3

M ach in e te n d e rs ( m a c h in i s t s ) ........................... 2 .9 2 2. 85 3 .0 8 2 .9 1 2. 66 2. 95 2 .8 7 2. 78 2. 84 2. 94D a y w ork .............................................. .. 2. 85 2. 74 3 .0 1 2. 86 2. 62 2. 87 2 .7 8 2. 70 2 .8 0 2. 88N ig h t w o r k .............................................. ................. 2. 99 2 .9 9 3. 13 2 .9 7 2. 70 3. 04 2 .9 8 2. 84 2. 88 3 .0 2

M a ile r s . .......................................................................... 2. 55 2 .4 4 2 .5 5 2. 22 2. 25 2. 66 2. 54 2. 17 2 .3 5 2. 65D a y w ork ................................................................... 2 .4 2 2 .3 5 2 .3 7 2. 14 2. 22 2. 53 2 .4 4 2. 12 2. 32 2. 59N ig h t w o r k ................................................................ 2. 66 2. 52 2. 68 2. 34 2. 27 2. 76 2 .6 7 2. 23 2. 40 2 .7 1

P h o to e n g ra v e r 8 ........................................................ 3. 15 3. 05 3. 32 3. 13 2. 72 3. 27 3. 02 2. 82 2. 88 3. 04D a y w ork .................................................................. 3. 04 2 .9 0 3. 22 3 .0 7 2. 64 3. 16 2 .9 6 2. 69 2. 86 3. 00N ig h t w o r k ................................................................ 3 .2 7 3. 17 3 .4 2 3. 23 2. 87 3. 38 3. 14 2. 90 2. 94 3. 12

P r e s s m e n ( jo u r n e y m e n ) ........................................ 2. 90 2. 87 2 .9 5 2 .6 7 2. 67 2 .9 8 2. 78 2. 70 2. 69 2 .9 1D a y w ork .................................................................. 2. 76 2. 69 2 .7 5 2. 59 2. 60 2. 85 2. 69 2. 64 2. 67 2. 80N igh tw ork ................................................................ 3 .0 8 3. 12 3. 16 2. 77 2. 74 3. 17 2. 90 2. 80 2. 74 3 .0 0

P r e s s m e n - i n - c h a r g e .............................................. 3. 12 3 .0 5 3. 19 2 .9 0 2 .9 1 3. 17 2. 98 2 .9 1 2. 90 3. 14D a y w ork ................................................................... 2. 99 2 .8 7 3. 00 2. 82 2. 86 3 .0 5 2. 89 2. 86 2. 88 3 .0 3N ig h t w o r k ............................................................... 3. 29 3. 28 3. 38 3. 00 2 .9 6 3. 36 3. 10 3. 01 3. 02 3. 24

S te r e o ty p e r s ............................ .................................. 2 .8 5 2 .9 3 2 .9 6 2. 75 2. 62 2 .9 1 2. 78 2. 64 2. 66 2. 86D a y w ork ................................................................... 2. 74 2. 74 2. 71 2. 67 2. 57 2. 84 2. 69 2. 60 2. 63 2. 82N ig h t w o r k ........................................ ...................... 3 .0 1 3. 16 3. 28 '2 . 88 2. 65 3. 04 2. 88 2. 70 2 .6 9 - 2 .9 2

1 The r e g io n s u sed in th is study in c lu d e : N ew E n gland - C o n n e cticu t , M ain e, M a s s a ch u s e tts , N ew H a m p sh ire , R h ode Is la n d , andV e rm o n t ; M id d le A tla n tic - N ew J e r s e y , N ew Y o r k , and P en n sy lv a n ia ; B o r d e r S tates - D e la w a re , D is t r ic t o f C o lu m b ia , K en tu ck y , M a ry lan d , V irg iiu irr^ L n crW eiF V irg in ia ; Sou th ea st - A la b a m a , F lo r id a , G e o rg ia , M is s is s ip p i, N orth C a ro l in a , South C a ro l in a , and T e n n e s s e e ; G re a t L a k es - I l l in o is , Indiana , M ich ig a n , M in n esota , O h io , and W isc o n s in ; M id d le W est - Iow a , K a n sa s , M is s o u r i , N e b ra s k a , N orth D akota , and South D akota ; Southw est - A rk a n sa s , L o u is ia n a , O k la h om a, and I 'e x a s ; M ountain - A r iz o n a , C o lo r a d o , Idah o, M ontana, N ew M e x ico , U tah, and W y om in g ; P a c i f ic - C a li fo rn ia , N evada , O re g o n , and W ash in gton ,

T A B L E 10. - -D is t r ib u t io n o f union m e m b e r s in the p r in tin g tra d e s b y s t r a ig h t -t im e w e e k ly h o u rs , Ju ly 1, 1953

T ra d eA v e ra g e

h ou r 8 p e r w eek

P e r c e n t o f m e m b e r s w h ose s t r a ig h t -t im e h ou rs p e r w eek w e re -

U nder30 30

O v er30and

u n d er35

35

O v er35

andun d er36V4

36V.

O ver36V4and

un d er37V,

37V2

O v er3 7 yand

u n d er40

40

A ll p r in tin g t r a d e s ...................................................... 37. 1 ( ' ) 0. 1 1. 7 8. 1 0. 7 27. 0 0. 7 50. 6 2. 3 8. 8

B o o k and j o b ................................................................... 3 7 .3 _ (1) 0. 2 6. 1 0. 8 31. 0 (1) 48 . 1 1. 8 12. 0B in d e ry w o m e n ...................................................... 37. 5 - - - . 9 - 27. 0 5 6 .6 . 5 15. 0B o o k b in d e r s ............................................................. 37. 1 - - - . 7 - 55. 7 - 31. 2 . 3 12. 1C o m p o s i t o r s , hand ........................................... 37. 6 - - - 1. 6 - 25. 8 - 5 3 .9 . 8 17. 9E le c t r o ty p e rs ........................................................ 3 7 .3 - - - . 2 - 18. 6 - 81. 1 _ . 1M ach in e o p e r a t o r s .............................................. 37. 5 - 0 . 1 - 1. 2 - 35. 8 _ 44. 7 . 8 1 7 .4M ach ine te n d e rs ( m a c h in i s t s ) ...................... 37. 5 - - - - - 40 . 1 - 42 . 0 _ 17. 9M a i l e r s ........................................................................ 37. 6 - - 7. 3 . 5 - 15. 0 1. 0 51. 5 _ 24. 7P h o to e n g ra v e rs ................................................... 36. 1 - - - 50. 6 7. 6 1. 5 - 3 9 .6 . 6 . 1P r e s s a ss is ta n ts and fe e d e r s ..................... 37. 3 - - - . 6 - 40 . 4 _ 44 . 5 6. 1 8 .4P r e s s m e n , c y l i n d e r ............................................ 3 7 .4 - - - 1. 2 - 35. 6 _ 48 . 0 3 .9 11. 3P r e s s m e n , p l a t e n ................................................. 37. 8 - - - . 5 _ 23. 0 _ 50. 0 6. 3 20. 2S te r e o ty p e r s ........................................................... 37. 2 ~ 2. 0 2. 8 9 .9 - 84. 1 - 1. 2

S ee foo tn o te at end o f tab le ,Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

13

T A BLE 10. --D is tr ib u tion o f union m em bers in the printing trades by straight-tim e weekly hours, July 1, 1953 - Continued

T ra d eA v e ra g e

h ou rsp e r

w eek

P e r c e n t o f m e m b e r s w h ose s t r a ig h t -t im e h ou rs p e r w eek w e re -

U nder30 30

O v er30and

u n d er35

35

O ver35

andun d er36V,

36V.

O ver36Vand

un d er37Vz

37Ya

O ver37Vaand

u nder40

40

N e w s p a p e r ....................................................................... 36. 8 0 0. 2 4 . 8 1 1 .9 0. 6 1 9 .3 1 .9 55. 5 3. 2 2. 6D a y w o r k ..................................................................... 37. 2 - . 1 . 2 6. 3 - 15. 1 1. 8 6 9 .9 3. 3 3. 3N ig h tw o r k .................................................................. 36. 4 0 . 2 9 .4 17. 5 1. 1 23. 5 2. 1 4 1 .3 3. 0 1 .9C o m p o s i t o r s , hand ........................................... 37. 0 - - - - - - - - - -

D a y w ork ........................................................... .. 37. 0 - . 1 . 3 8. 7 - 2 2 .6 3. 2 5 9 .6 4 .4 1. 1N ig h t w o r k ........................................................... 36. 9 0 0 . 1 9 .6 - 3 0 .2 3. 7 50. 3 4. 6 1. 5

M ach in e o p e r a t o r s .............................................. 37. 0 - - - - - - - - - -D a y w o r k ..................... ....................................... 37. 0 - . 4 . 4 9. 1 - 21. 5 3 .4 59. 5 4 .6 1. 1N ig h t w o r k ........................................................... 36. 9 0. 1 . 2 . 1 9 .8 - 30. 6 3 .9 4 9 .6 4. 3 1 .4

M ach in e te n d e rs (m a ch in is ts ) ..................... 36. 9 - - - - - - - - - -D a y w o rk ............................................................. 37. 0 - - . 5 9 .9 - 28. 8 3 .1 51. 1 3. 8 2. 8N ig h t w o r k ..................... ..................................... 36. 9 - - . 4 8. 8 - 34. 3 3. 2 47 . 6 3 .9 1. 8

M a i l e r s ....................................................................... 36. 9 - - - - - - - - - -D a y w o r k .............................................................. 37. 6 - - - 2 .6 - 1 .9 . 3 82. 7 6. 3 6. 2N ig h t w o r k ........................................................... 36. 2 - - 21. 5 16. 2 - 24. 6 - 30. 8 3 .8 3. 1

P h o t o e n g r a v e r s ................................................... .. 37. 1 - - - - - - - - - -D a y w ork ............................................................. 37. 1 - - - 2. 3 - 30. 5 - 6 4 .9 - 2. 3N ig h t w o r k ...................................................... .... 37. 0 - - - 8. 1 . 6 3 0 .9 1 .4 56. 1 - 2 .9

P r e s s m e n ( jou rn ey m en ) ................................. 36. 6 - - - - - - - - - -D a y w ork ............................................................. 37. 5 - - . 1 2. 7 - 10. 0 . 7 79. 3 . 9 6. 3N ig h t w o r k ........................................................... 35. 4 - - 20. 5 45 . 6 5. 3 5 .4 . 4 21. 2 - 1 .6

P r e s s m e n - i n - c h a r g e .......................................... 36. 7 - - - - - - - - - -D a y w ork ............................................................. 37. 5 - - - 2. 2 - 8. 3 . 8 8 0 .9 . 6 7. 2N ig h t w o r k ................................................... .. 35. 6 - - 20. 2 3 6 .6 7. 0 5. 6 . 3 29. 5 - . 8

S te r e o ty p e r s ........................................................... 36. 5 - - - - - - - - - -D a y w ork ............................................................. 37. 2 - - . 7 9 .6 - 4 . 5 - 81. 7 1. 6 1 .9N ig h t w o r k ........................................................... 35. 5 1 .9 25. 5 10. 2 1 4 .4 - 4 3 .6 1. 3 3. 1

1 L e s s than 0. 05 p e r c e n t .

T A B L E 11. - - I n d e x e s o f u n ion w e e k ly h ou rs in the p r in tin g t r a d e s , 1 90 7 -5 3

/ j a m . 2, 1 9 4 8 -Ju ly 1, 1949=100j7

Y ea r A llp r in tin gB o o kandjo b

N ew sp a p er Y e a r A llp r in tin gB o o kandjo b

N ew sp a p er

1907: M ay 1 5 ................... 0 144. 8 123. 5 1930 M ay 1 5 ................................. 119. 3 118. 2 1 2 0 .61908:: M ay 1 5 ..................................r 0 138. 1 122. 9 1931 M ay 1 5 .................................. 119. 2 118. 2 120. 61909 M a v 15 - ............................... 0 136. 9 122. 6 1932 M ay 15 ................................ 115. 2 113. 6 117. 51010- M av I S .................................. () 136. 5 122. 3 1933 M ay 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114. 3 112. 5 116. 9

1911 M ay 1 5 .................................. 133. 2 136. 5 122. 3 1934 M ay 1 5 .................................. 1 0 8 .4 108. 5 107. 61912 M a y 15 T . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133. 1 136. 4 122. 1 1935 M ay 1 5 .................................. 106. 6 106. 9 105. 81913 M ay 1 5 .................................. 1 3 3 .0 1 3 6 .4 1 2 2 .0 1936 M ay 1 5 .................. 106. 2 107. 0 104. 51914 M ay

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