bls_1137_1953.pdf

WORK INJURIESin the United StatesDuring 1951

A COLLECTION OFBASIC WORK-INJURY DATAFOR EACH OF THE MAJOR INDUSTRIESIN THE UNITED STATES

Bulletin No. 113 7

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LABOR Martin R Durkin, Secretary

B U R E A U O F L A B O R S TA TIS T IC S Ewan Clasut, Comm/ss/onor

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WORK INJURIESin the United States During 1951

A Collection ofBasic W ork - In ju ry Datafo r Each of the M ajor Industriesin the United States

Est im ates of D isab l ing W o r k In jur ies In ju ry - F re q u e n c y Rates In ju ry - S e v e r i t y M e a su re s C h a n g e s in In ju r ie s an d In jury Rates

Bulletin No. 1137

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT O F LABOR Martin R Durkin, Secretary

B U R E A U O F L A B O R S TA TIS T IC S Ewan Clague, Commissioner

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U . S. Government Printing Office Washington 25, D .C - Price 25 cents


Letter of Transmittal

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR,BUREAU OF LABCR STATISTICS, Washington, P. C., June 9, 1953.

The Secretary of Labor:

I have the honor to transmit herewith a report on the occurrence of work injuries in the United States during 1951. Over 68,000 establishments with a total employment of about 12 million workers participated in the survey on which the report is based.

This bulletin, parts of which have appeared in the March 1952 and November 1952 issues of the Monthly Labor Review, was prepared by Frank S. McElroy and Robert S. Barker, of the Bureau*s Branch of Industrial Hazards.

Ewan Clague, Commissioner.

Hon. Martin P. Durkin,Secretary of Labor.

iii


ContentsPage

Summary............................ 1Estimates of disabling work injuri.es,................... ............... 1Injury-frequency rates..... .............. ........................ h

Manufacturing. ...... ............. ......... .................... UNonmanufacturing............. 9Mining and quarrying............ 10

Injury severity............ ........ .................*.......... 10Manufacturing................................. 10Nonmanufacturing. .... ................ ...................... 13Mining and quarrying.................. ............... ......... Ill

Table; Estimated number of disabling work injuries during 1951, byindustry division.................................. ......... 3

Appendix

Technical n o t e s . ...... ........... 15Definitions...... ............ 15Survey methods..................... 15Weighting....... 16Workers covered............... 16Industry classifications............ 16

Tables...... .................... ................................. . 16A. Injury rates by industry. 1951 (with comparable injury-

frequency rates for 1950).................................... 19B. Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury rates for

51,905 identical reporting units, 1950-51..................... 27C. ~Distribution of all reported injuries resulting in permanent-

partial disability, by part of body affected, and by industry,1951............................................................ 32

D. Injury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries,by month and quarter, 1951. . ..... 3I4.

E. Injury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries,by size of reporting unit, 1951......... .*. 38

Charts

1 . Injury-frequency rates in manufacturing, 1938-51 (annually)........ 52. Injury-frequency rates in manufacturing, 191+9-51 (monthly)........ 53. Injury-frequency rates and severity averages, major manufacturing

groups, 1951.................... 11

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Work Injuries in the United States During 1951

Summary

Slightly higher employment and increased injury-frequency rates in many industries resulted in an increase of approximately 9 percent in the volume of disabling work injuries in 1951 compared with 1950 1/. The estimate of2.121.000 injuries in 1951 represented the highest volume recorded since 19UU. Approximately 16,000 workers died as a result of on-the-job injuries during 1951* Total production losses accruing from these 2,121,000 injuries will ultimately amount to the equivalent of a year* s full-time employment of over730.000 workers.

Injury-frequency rates in manufacturing and in most nonmanufacturing industries increased slightly in 1951 over 1950. The average for manufacturing increased 5 percent from lU.7 to 15*5 injuries per million man-hours. Monthly rates, however, showed a downward trend during the last 5 months of 1951, so that the December figure (12.9) was 7 percent below 1950 and only U percent above 19U9. Although construction and mining showed decreases of U and 2 percent respectively in average injury-frequency rates, most other nonmanufacturing industries recorded slight increases.

There was little change in the severity of work injuries in 1951. A slight decrease in the average days lost or charged per case in manufacturing was offset by the increase in frequency rate, resulting in an increase in the severity rate from 1.2 to 1.3. In nonmanufacturing there were about as many increases as decreases in severity averages and in severity rates. Fatalities in mining, however, were substantially higher in 1951 than in 1950,

Estimates of Disabling Work Injuries

The estimated total of 2,121,000 disabling work injuries in 1951 was the highest volume since 19UU, and represented an increase of 9 percent over the 1950 figure. Part of the increase in volume of injuries is attributable to higher employment and more hours of exposure to industrial hazards. Employment increased by 2 percent between 1950 and 1951, to reach an all-time peak. A greater rise in injuries than employment, however, indicated an increase in injury rates as well as in the volume of injuries.

1/ See technical notes, p. 15, for definitions.

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2In addition to the 16,000 deaths resulting from on-the-job injuries,91,000 workers suffered some permanent disability, such as the amputation of a body member or permanent impairment of some body function. Included in this latter group were about 1,600 persons whose disabilities were serious enough to incapacitate them completely for any gainful employment for the remainder of their lives. The majority (95 percent) of the injuries, however, resulted in only temporary disability, which incapacitated the workers for one full day or more, but from which the injured persons recovered without any permanent ill-effects.

Over U2 million man-days were lost during the year by workers injured in 1951. This is equivalent to the loss of 1U0,000 full-time workers from the labor force for the entire year. When additional allowance is made for the future effects of the deaths and permanent physical impairments, the total economic time-loss amounts to over 219 million man days equivalent to a year's full-time employment of about 730,000 workers.

The principal increase in the volume of work injuries occurred in manufacturing where 510,000 workers were disabled in 1951, compared with lj.26,000 in 1950. Increased employment and a longer workweek combined to increase exposure to industrial hazards (total man-hours worked by all employees) by about 8 percent. The higher injury rates, added to the increased exposure in manufacturing, resulted in a volume of injuries almost 20 percent greater in 1951 than in 1950.

Wholesale and retail trade also experienced an increase in employment and exposure and in injury rates. Approximately 300,000 employees and an additional 81,000 self-employed persons and unpaid family workers in the trade industries were injured on the job in 1951. The total for both groups combined (381,000) was almost lit percent greater than in 1950.

The construction industry showed a substantial increase in employment in 1951 and the average workweek increased also. The increase in total exposure to hazards in this industry division between 1950 and 1951 amounted to about 13 percent. The slight decrease in injury-frequency rate, however, partially offset the increase in exposure so that the total volume of injuries increased by only 12 percent.

The public utilities division was the only one to show improvement in its safety record over the year. Lower injury rates in the telephone and electric and gas utilities offset a slight increase in employment, resulting in a decrease of 12 percent in the estimated volume of injuries.

In agriculture, the vital statistics compiled by the various States indicated a declining ratio of accidental farm deaths, despite the increased mechanization of farm operations. It is reasonable to assume, however, that injuries in general did not decrease as much as did employment. The tota3 volume of work injuries in agriculture was estimated about 3 percent below 19U9 and 1950 levels.


Estimated number of disabling work Injuries during 1951, by industry division3

Industry division A ndisabilities FatalitiesPexmanent

disabilitiesTemporary-

totaldisabilities

All employed persons (except ~ domestic service) 1/

All industry divisions*..... * 2,121,000 16,000 5/91,000 2, Oil*, 000

Agriculture 3/...... 330,000 l*,ooo ( V ) mMining and quarrying 75,000 1,200 (V)8,?00 (ty)2187600Construction 6/*.... ............... 230,000 2,500Manufacturing^/*............ 510,000 2,700 25,200 1*82,100Public utilities 6/*............. . 21,000 300 600 20,100Trade 6/........ 7 ............ ......................... 381,000 1,600 8,800 370,600

M )Transportation 8/.............. . 186,000 i,l*oo a/)Finance, service, government, and miscellaneous industries 6/****.** 388,000 2,300 cy) (y)

Employees only 1/

All industry divisions.... 1,61*9,000 n , 70o 71,800 1,565,500

Agriculture 3/*..... . 60,000 1,000 ( V ) (y)Mining and quarrying 5/....... . 70,000 1,100 w )7,700(3j/)

Construction 185,000 2,000 1757800Manufacturing-4?/................... 500,000 2,600 2i*,700 1*72,700Public utilities 6/**.* a, ooo 300 600 20,100Trade 6/........ 7 . ................ ................... 300,000 1,300 6,900 291,800

&/)Transportation 8/.*.........*....*** 168,000 1,300 ( y )Finance, service, government, and miscellaneous industries 6/....... 3U5,000 2,100 c y ) ( y )

1j Differences between injuries to all employed persons and injuries to employeesrepresent injuries to self-employed and unpaid family workers*2/ Includes approximately 1,600 permanent-total disabilities*

3/ The total number of work injuries in agriculture is based on cross-section surveys of the U* S. Department of Agriculture in 191*7 and 191*8, with adjustments for changes in employment* These are considered to be minimum figures; injuries experienced in performing chores are excluded; and there are some indications of under-reporting. The estimates of fatalities are based on vital statistics figures from those States which provide the necessary detail.

bj Data not shown separately, but included in grand total*

5/ Based largely on data compiled by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior*y Based on small sample surveys.7/ Based on comprehensive surveys*

y Data for railroads are based on Interstate Commerce Commission reports; data for other transportation are based on small sample surveys*


1*

The total volume of injuries in mining and quarrying was only slightly higher (1* percent) in 1951 than in 1950. In fact, injuries increased less than man-hours of exposure, and injury-frequency rates in most mining industries decreased slightly or remained unchanged. Fatalities, however, increased by about 200. The West Frankfort, 111., coal-mine disaster accounted for 119 of these additional deaths. Metal mines, quarries, and crude petroleum production also recorded increases in the number of fatalities.

The transportation group of industries had an estimated increase of about 5 percent in the number of injuries. Tabulations of the Interstate Commerce Commission indicated an increase of 10 percent in fatal and 7 percent in non- fatal cases reported by interstate railroads. Employment on railroads was about 1* percent higher in 1951 than in 1950. The injury-frequency rate for class I railroads was up by 3 percent. 'The number of injuries was somewhat higher in other segments of the transportation industry in 1951 than in 1950, and in most cases followed employment trends. Local street-railway and bus lines showed a slight decrease in employment, but the trucking and warehousing industry recorded an increase of about 8 percent, which was also reflected in an increase in the volume of injuries. Other transportation and allied services reported slightly higher levels of employment and volume of injuries.

In the service, government, and miscellaneous group of industries, there was an increase of 1* percent in work injuries, which about paralleled the employment trends.

Injury-Frequency Rates

Manufacturing . A, 5-percent increase in the average injury-frequency rate for manufacturing brought the 1951 rate above that for either of the previous 2 years and also above the low rates reported for the 3 prewar years 1938,1939, and 191*0, but it was well below that for any other year on record.(See chart 1.)

Monthly injury-frequency rates for manufacturing showed a downward trend during the last 5 months of 1951 resulting in a much more favorable safety record at the end of the year than the annual average would indicate. The monthly averages were above both 19l*9 and 1950 for the first 8 months of 1951 the peak being reached in July. However, a downward trend, which began in August, brought the rates for the last 1* months below those for 1950, but they were still slightly above the record low of 19l*9. The adjusted rate for December 1951 was 12.9 compared with 13.8 in 1950 and 12.1* in 191*9. (See chart 2 and table D.)


5C ha rt 1. In ju ry-Frequency Rates in M anufacturing

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS

C h a rt 2. In ju ry-Frequency Rates in M anufacturing 1 9 4 9 - 5 1

RATE

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABORBUREAU OF LABOR SIATISTICS

Seven of the ZL major manufacturing groups showed increases of one or more frequency-rate points between 1950 aid 1951, and 8 others showed smaller increases; 6 reported decreases, each of less than one full point.The lumber and wood products group had the largest increase in average injury-frequency rate from U9*8 in 1950 to 52,8 in 1951. Increases of one or more frequency-rate points were recorded by 6 of the 9 individual industries in this group; only 2 .showed decreases and 1 reported little change.The primary metals group; leather and leather products; and food showed significant increases as well as the machineiy; stone, clay, and glass; and furniture groups;

Of the 163 individual industries for which data were available for both years, 68 (or h2 percent) showed increases of one frequency-rate point or more between 1950 and 1951, only 20 industries reported significant decreases,


6and 75 recorded little change. (See table A.) Increases for the following 11 industries amounted to more than 5 points.

Injury-frequency rates

1950 1951

Primary metal industries, notelsewhere classified...... ....... 23.U 3U.8

Veneer mills............. 3U.6 U2.3Steel foundries............. 25.0 31.5Wood office furniture................ 22.2 28.6Wines................................. 19.8 26.1Bottled soft drinks........ 26.7 32.9Beet sugar.............. 3U.2 U0.2Cut-stone and stone products........ 3U.3 kO.lMiscellaneous wood products........., 27.5 33.2Steel springs................... 17*8 23.3Morticians goods................... 20.9 26.2

Cnly the small beehive coke industry showed a decrease of as much as 5 frequency-rate points. The decrease from 50,3 injuries per million manhours in 1950 to 38.8 in 1951, however, merely represented a return to normal levels for this industry following a very marked increase in 1950 from a rate of 36.U in 19U9.

Logging again topped the list as the most hazardous industry, with an injury-frequency rate of 98.9. Sawmills operating without planing mills had a rate of 60,2; independent planing mills and integrated saw- and planing- mills each reported a rate of U8.1; and veneer mills had a rate of U2.3.The rate for beet-sugar refining was U0.2; cut-stone and stone product^ U0.1; structural clay products, 39.8; boatbuilding and repairing, 39.2; beehive coke ovens, 38.8; wooden containers, 38.1;; and gray-iron and malleable foundries, 38.3.

At the other extreme were a number of industries with rates of less than 5 injuries per million man-hours. These industries ranked in about the same order as in previous years:


7Injury-frequency rates

1950 1951

Synthetic fibers,.......Synthetic rubber........ .........Explosives..............................Radio tubes.........Electric! lamps.............. .Miscellaneous communication equipment,.Aircraft................... ........... .Ophthalmic goods.........Womens and childrens clothing..,,.... Rubber footwear........ .

2.1 1.73.U 2.33.8 3.U3.9 U.lU.o U.l5.1 U.2U.o U.5U.8 U.7U.9 U.95.3 U.9

Although intrinsic industry characteristics make some industries more hazardous than others, many of the variations in injury rates by industry can be attributed to differences in the size-of-establishment composition of the various industries. Data available from a few individual industry studies, and the general observations of many writers have led to the theory that the highest injury-frequency rates prevail among small and medium-size plants; that larger establishments have progressively lower rates; and that the very smallest plants have rates somewhat below the average for the medium-size group, but well above those for the larger units,A tabulation shewing injury-frequency rates by size of reporting unit for 127 separate manufacturing industries bears out these general conclusions, but also shows wide variations from the accepted pattern in many instances 2/. (See table E.) ~

In this tabulation the reports were broken down into eight size classifications? group 1those reporting units with less than 20 employees, group 220 to U9 employees, group 350 to 99 employees, group U 100 to 2U9 employees, group 5 250 to U99 employees, group 6 500 to 999 employees, group 7 1,000 to 2,U99 employees, and group 82,500 or more employees.From this tabulation it appears that, in general, the highest injury-frequency rates occurred among plants in groups 3 and U with employment ranging

2/ This tabulation was based upon a size-of-reporting-unit classification rather than size-of-establishment or size-of-company breakdown. Each separately reported establishment of a multiunit company was classified on the basis of its respective employment; reports consolidating data for several establishments would fall in a larger size group than if each plant were reported separately. To the extent that small and medium-size establishments of multiunit firms may benefit from the safety activities which large concerns generally carry on, the differences in injury rates between medium and large plants will be understated.


8from 50 to 2U9. The average rate for group li (100 to 2U9 range) was highest among the eight size groups, in UU of the 127 industries for which size breakdowns were shown, and in U0 other industries the average for group 3 (50 to 99 employees) was highest. Although industry by industry comparisons between these two size groups showed ride variations in frequency rates, in 28 percent of the industries the rates varied by less than 10 percent. In 38 percent of the industries, the averages for the 50 to 99 size group were 10 percent or more above those for the 100 to 2U9 group; and in 3U percent, they were 10 percent or more lower. Thus, these two size groups were each highest of all size groups in about an equal number of instances, and higher rates in one size group in one industry were about balanced by lower rates in that same size group in other industries. In general, these two groups, comprising the medium-size establishments (50 to 2U9 workers) can be considered as having about equally high rates. Every other size group, both smaller and larger, had progressively lower rates.

Size group 2 (20 to U9 employees) had somewhat lower rates than did either group 3 or U but the difference was not marked. Rates for this group were below those of group U (100 to 2h9 employees) in 57 percent of the industries for which comparisons were possible, but were higher in U3 percent. The very smallest size group (fewer than 20 employees) showed rates lower than group U (100 to 2U9 employees) in 78 percent of the industries for which comparisons could be made.

Progressively lower rates were shown by the larger establishments. Although group 5 (250 to U99 employees) reported the highest rate in 11 industries, the rates were lower than for group U (100 to 2U9 employees) in 77 percent of the industries. Rates for size group 6 (500 to 999 employees) were lower than for the 100 to 2h9 group in 89 percent of the industriesj those for the 1,000 to 2,U99 group were lower in 9k percent; and those in the largest size group (2,500 or more employees) were 10 percent or more lower than those for the 100 to 2k9 group in all industries for which comparisons were available.

The low rate industries were generally those in which the bulk of the employment was in large establishments. Of the entire 127 industries for which size breakdowns were computed only 28 percent showed injury-frequency rates below 10. However, of the U2 industries in which the largest size group (2,500 or more employees) was sufficiently well represented to warrant presentation of an average, 18 or U3 percent, reported industry averages of less than 10, In 30 of diese U2 industries, the averages for units with 2,500 or more employees were less than 10.

There were, however, many industries in which this general pattern did not prevail. In the malt and malt liquor industry the largest plants (2,500 or more employees) had an average injury-frequency rate of 25*6, compared with an industry average of 21i.5, and rates of 20.9 for die 500 to 999 size groups, and 1U.3 Tor the 1,000 to 2,U99 group. The logging industry had no


9units of over 2,500 employees, but those with 1,000 to 2,U99 employees reported an average frequency rate of 86.0. This rate was below the industry average (98.9), and also below the rates for the size groups 2, 3, U, and 3 (20 to U99 employees) but above the rate of 79.U recorded for the smallest operations. Four other industries reported average injury-frequency rates of 25 or higher for units in the 1,000 to 2,U99 size groups: integrated saw- and planing- mills, U3.0j canning and preserving, 29.6; steel foundries, 25,6j and shipbuilding and repairing, 25.0. In each of these instances, however, the averages for the larger establishments were lower than those for the medium- size plants. In the 500 to 999 size groups, 13 industries recorded average rates of 25 or higher, but in 10 of these industries higher rates were recorded in the medium size groups. Thus, it is seen that size is not the only factor in determining high or low injury-frequency rates. There are intrinsic hazards in certain industries which are difficult to overcome. Even in the most hazardous industries, however, large units generally achieve a better safety record than do the medium-size establishments.

Many industries consistently showed lox* rates in all size groups. Rates of less than 10 were recorded for all size groups in the knit goods, womens and children's clothing, and'men's and boys' clothing industries. Averages were less than 10 for the smallest size group in 9 industriesj for the 20 to U9 group in lUj for the 50 to 99 group in 12j and for the 100 to 2ii9 group in 11 industries.

Nonmanufacturing. Among the 52 individual nomanufacturing industries (exclusive of mining) for which data were available, 20 reported significant increases in injury-frequency rates between 1950 and 1951. Only 8 recorded decreases, and 2h showed changes of less than one frequency-rate point.

The average rate for the construction group decreased from bl.O injuries per million man-hours in 1950 to 39.3 in 1951. General building contractors reduced their frequency rate from U5.U to 39.6. For highway and street construction, however, the rate increased from hlt.8 to 50.8. Among the smaller, special-trades industries, structural-steel erection showed a decrease from 58.9 in 1950 to 148,2 in 1951, and plastering and lathing, from UU.8 to 38.2.

City fire departments reduced their injury-frequency rate from 35.5 to 30,U but the rate for police departments increased from 32.U to 36.5.

In the transportation group, the stevedoring industry showed an increase from 59.U injuries per million man-hours in 1950 to 76.5 in 1951. The trucking and hauling and warehousing and storage industries both showed minor increases between 1950 and 1951.

Minor increases were shown in the trade group and for business services. Waterworks showed a sLight increase but other utilities recorded little change. Personal and educational services reported rates about the same as in 1950.


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Among individual nonmanufacturing industries for which data were available, most of the highest injury rates in 1951 were in the construction and transportation groups, as can be seen from the following list:

Injury-frequencyrates

Stevedoring.......... .......... ............... 76.5Highway and street construction,.............. 50,8Structural-steel erection and ornamentalironwork.......... U8.2

Roofing and sheet-metal work................. 13*7Heavy construction, except highway and street. 1;2.3Masonry, stone setting, and other stonework... U0.7General building contractors,.... ...... 39*6Miscellaneous special.-trade contractors.,...,. 39*0Trucking and hauling................... 38,5Plastering and l a t h i n g . . . ........ 38,2Warehousing and storage....................... 37*UPolice departments.............. 36,5

Low injury-frequency rates among nonmanufacturing industries in 1951 were recorded by the telephone industry, 1.8; insurance, 2,0; banks and other financial agencies, 2,8; radio broadcasting and television, h.ls retail apparaL and accessories, U.l; medical and other professional services, b.3j and dry cleaning, U.6.

Mining and Quarrying. There were minor decreases in the injury-frequency rates of all mining groups, except in the small nonmetal mines industry, where the rate increased from U1,U in 1950 to U6.U in 1951. In the important bituminous coal mining industry, increased hours of exposure tended to offset an increase in the number of injuries, with the result that the injury-frequency rate remained almost the same, U9,l. In anthracite mining, there was a decrease from 72.5 injuries per million man-hours in 1950 to 67.5 in 1951. The rate for metal mines decreased slightly from k5.6 to U3.U; that for quarries remained about the same at 36.U; and ore-dressing mills reported a rate of 22.6.

Injury Severity

Manufacturing. There was little change in the average severity of injuries in manufacturing between 1950 and 1951. The average days lost or charged per case decreased slightly from 8U in 1950 to 82 in 1951. The average days of disability for each temporary case increased sLightly, from 16 to 17 days per* case, and the average time charge for permanent-partial disabilities remained virtually unchanged at 893 days per case. The slight decrease in the average


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Chart 3. Injury-Frequency Rates and Severity Averages,

Major Manufacturing Groups, 1951

120i

Average Days Lost Per Disabling Injury100 80 60 40 20 0-1-----1---- 1---- 1-----1-----1

LUMBER

FURNITURE

STONE, CLAY, AND GLASS

FOOD PRODUCTS

FABRICATED METAL

PRIMARY METAL

PAPER PRODUCTS

ALL MANUFACTURING

MACHINERY (EXCEPT ELECTRIC)

MISC. MANUFACTURING

LEATHER

CHEMICALS

TEXTILES

RUBBER

PRINTING AND PUBLISHING

TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT

ELECTRICAL MACHINERY

INSTRUMENTS

APPAREL

Injury-Frequency Rates0_________ 10_________20_________ 30________40________ 50

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABORMMEAU Of IMOC STATISTICS .

60

days for all cases resulted from a decrease of about ^percent in the proportion of fatalities aid permanent-total disabilities 3/. The increase in injury-frequency rate offset the slight decrease in average days lost per case; this resulted in a slight increase in the severity rate for manufacturing, from 1.2 in 1950 to 1,3 in 1951*

3/ Fatalities and permanent-total disabilities accounted for 0.383 percent of all cases reported in 1950, but only 0.356 percent in 1951. Because of rounding, these figures appear as O.h for both years in published tables.


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Average days lost or charged per case vailed widely not only among individual manufacturing industries, but also from year to year for the same industry. These variations, in large part, reflected changes in the number or proportion of deaths and permanent disabilities. Each fatality and permanent-total disability carries a time .charge of 6,000 man-days, and the average charge for permanent-partial impairments was 893 for 1951, compared with an average of only 17 days for temporary disabilities. In the aircraft manufacturing industry, the average days lost per case decreased from 280 in 1950 to 1U8 in 195lj this was a result of a decrease in the proportion of fatalities and permanent-total disabilities from 2.6 to 1,3 percent, and of permanent-partial disabilities from 10.7 to 6.1 percent. Likewise/ in the organic chemical industry, the number of days per case dropped from 193 in 1950 to 119 in 19f>l, resulting from corresponding decreases in the proportion of fatalities and permanent disabilities. The average days lost per case in the plywood industry almost doubled, from 77 in 1950 to IJ4.8 in 195lj the proportion of fatalities decreased slightly, but the permanent-partial disabilities increased from 2.9 to 8.5 percent.

High severity rates in 1951 were more commonly associated with high frequency rates than with long duration of cases, as is shown by the following figures for the high-severity-rate industries:

Severity Frequency Average days lostrate rate per case

Logging............... ............ . 10.3 98,9 103Sawmills..... ............... . 5.7 60.2 95Saw- and planing-mills integrated.... 5.0 a e .i 105ELywood mills.................... . a. 3 3L.2 la sELaning mills.............. . a.2 U8.1 85Beet sugar.............. . 3.6 ao.2 89Malt and malt liquors....,........... 3.a 2h.5 136Millwork and structural wood products 3.1 28.0 112Metal doors, sash, frame, and trim... 3.1 27*8 95Miscellaneous nanmetallic mineral

products. .............. ......... 3 a 20.2 iao

Although the average of days lost per case for each of the above industries was greater than the all-manufacturing average (82), only three could be considered high. In contrast, the frequency rates for ail except one of these industries were more than 50 percent above the 15.5 average for all-manufacturing.

The two industries with the highest average days lost per case, on the other hand, reported low frequency rates and about average severity rates. Injuries to workers in blast furnaces and steel mills averaged 190 days per case, but the injury-frequency rate was only 6.U; the severity rate was l.U. In petroleum refining, 165 days were lost per case, the frequency rate was


13

7.h, and the severity rate was 1.2* The pumps and compressors industry reported an average of 153 days per case and an above-average frequency rate of 18.U; the resulting severity rate of 2.8 was relatively high.

Since the severity rate is actually a measure of the total time lost, expressed as a ratio to hours worked, it follows that any increase in the frequency of injuries, with no change in the time lost per case, would be reflected in a comparable change in the severity rate. Or, assuming the frequency rate remaining unchanged, an increase or decrease in the average days lost per case would result in a comparable change in the severity rate. Thus, the severity rate is a composite index of the frequency rate and the average days lost per case.

Nonmanufacturing, Among nonmanufacturing industries there was a closer correlation between the average days lost per case and severity rates than in manufacturing. Most industries with high average days per case also reported high injury-frequency rates. The resulting severity rates, consequently, were also high. An average of 2hS days was lost or charged per injury in the structural-steel erection and ornamental iron work industry. Of the cases reported, 1,9 percent were fatalities or permanent-total disabilities, each carrying a time-charge of 6,000 man-days, and 6,3 percent were permanent- partial impairments, with an average time-charge of 1,61U days} the temporary cases lost, on the average, 29 days each. The frequency rate for this industry was U8.2, and the resulting severity rate was 11.8. In the painting, paperhanging, and decorating industry, 19U days were lost per injury, and a moderately high frequency rate (23,5) resulted in a severity rate of U.6.

In the stevedoring industry, a high injury-frequency rate (76.5) coupled with a high average of days lost per case (163) resulted in the highest 1951 severity rate recorded 12.U days lost for each 1,000 man-hours worked. On the basis of an 8-hour day, this would be equivalent to a loss of 99 hours for each 1,000 worked, or almost 10 percent of the total hours worked in the industry.

Other nonmanufacturing industries with high severity rates in 1951 were highway and street construction, with a severity rate of 8.2, frequency rate of 50.8, and 162 days lost per case} masonry, stonesetting, and other stonework, a severity rate of U.8, with a frequency rate of U0.7 and 118 days per case} heavy construction, except highway and street, a U.U severity rate with a frequency rate of 1x2.3, and 10lt days per case} and roofing and sheet-metal work, with a severity rate of lj.,2, an injury-frequency rate of U3.7, and 96 days lost per case.

The electric light and power industry reported an average of 188 days lost per case, but a relatively low injury-frequency rate of 11.5 kept the severity rate down to 2.2. In this industry, 2,0 percent of all cases reported were fatalities or permanent-total disabilities.


Hi

Mining and Quarrying. Although severity rates and average days lost per case were not available for raining aid quarrying industries, data on the proportion of fatalities indicate a high level of severity. In coal mining 2.0 percent of the cases reported were fatalities; in metal mining, 1.1+; in nonmetal mining, 1.1; and in quarries 1.0 percent. Only in ore-dressing mills did the fatality rate (0.1+ percent) approximate that in manufacturing industries.


15

APPENDIX

Technical Notes

All injury-rate data presented in this reDort were compiled according to the provisions of the American Standard Method of Compiling Industrial Injury Rates, approved by the American Standards Association, 19i+5

Definitions . The injury-frequency rate is the average number of disabling work injuries for each million employee-hours worked.

A disabling work injury is any injury occurring in the course of and arising out of employment, which (a) results in death or any degree of permanent physical impairment, or (b) makes the injured worker unable to perform the duties of any regularly established job, which is open and available to him, throughout the hours corresponding to his regular shift on any one or more days after the day of injury (including Sundays, days off, or plant shutdowns). The term winjuryH includes occupational disease.

The severity rate is the average number of days lost, because of disabling work injuries,per 1,000 employee-hours worked. The computation of days lost includes the use of standard time charges for fatalities and permanent disabilities. Each death or permanent-total disability was charged with a time loss of 6,000 days.

Survey Methods. Data are obtained by mail questionnaires sent to a represen- tative list of employers in manufacturing and most nonmanufacturing industries. Data for mining industries and for petroleum refining, coke, cement, lime, and nonferrous metal primary smelting and refining industries are collected by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior. Not included in the survey are agriculture,, forestry, and fisheries; railroads, interstate bus, water, air, and pipe-line transportation; telegraph and miscellaneous communication; domestic service; and government (except educational, fire, and police services). Data on the volume of injuries in these latter industries are obtained from all available sources, notably the Interstate Commerce Commission, the Department of Agriculture, and the U. S. Bureau of Employees' Compensation. Estimates are prepared from these for inclusion in the compilation of the volume of disabling work injuries in all industry divisions (domestic service excluded).

The survey samples for each industry are selected to give adequate representation in each State and in each size-of-establishment group. Because of their greater overall importance in the total employment of any given industry, large and medium-size establishments are more fully represented than are the smaller plants.


16

In manufacturing, in 1951> data were received from 37,185 reporting units, employing approximately 9,305,000 workers, or about 58 percent of all employees engaged in manufacturing. In the nonmanufacturing industries covered by the 1951 survey, 30,269 reports, covering a total of 2,1400,000 employees, were received. The mining industries covered by the Bureau of Mines employed5914,000 workers. The number of reporting units and employees included in the sample for each industry are shown in table A.

Weighting. Since each industry is not represented by the same proportionate sample, the injury-frequency and severity rates for all-manufacturing and for each manufacturing and mining group and for the trade group are weighted averages, The rates for individual industries were assigned weights based upon the estimated total employment in each industry. Average days lost or charged per case and the distribution of cases by extent of disability for industry groups are unweighted, being based on the simple totals from reports which furnished details regarding the nature and length of disability.

Workers Covered. Injury rates compiled by the Bureau of Labor Statistics include the experience of all classes of employees in each reporting unit. Proprietors, self-employed persons, domestic service, unpaid family workers, and members of the Armed Forces are excluded from injury-rate computations. Proprietors, self-employed person^ and unpaid family workers, however, are included in estimates of the volume of injuries. Rates designated as having been compiled by the Bureau of Mines, U. S. Department of the Interior, include the experience of workers engaged in production, development, maintenance and repair work, and supervisory and technical personnel at the operation, but exclude office personnel and employees in stores or affiliated operations not directly connected with mining or refining operations. Working proprietors are included. Mining data include Alaska as well as the States.

Industry Classifications. The manufacturing classifications used in this report conform to the definitions of the 19^ 45 edition of the Standard Industrial Classification Manual (vol.I), prepared by the Division of Statistical Standards of the United States Bureau of the Budget.

Nonmanufacturing classifications, except those used for construction operations, are based upon the 19^2 edition of the manual. The construction classifications follow the definitions of the 19^9 edition of Volume II.

Tables

Table A shows the injury-frequency and severity rates, average time charges per case, and the disability distribution for individual industries and for industry groups for 1951. Injury-frequency rates for 1950 are also shown in this table for purposes of comparison.

Table B shows changes in employment, hours worked, disabling injuries, and days lost for establishments which reported for both 1950 and 1951* The


17

purpose of this table is to measure from year to year the safety accomplishments of establishments performing substantially identical operations over the 2-year period, by eliminating the effect of changes in the composition of each industry. It does not indicate the general injury experience of particular industries, which may be affected by the prevailing hazards and by changes in the composition of the industry.

Table C shows in industry detail the percentage distribution of permanent- partial disabilities according to the part of body affected. This tabulation serves, in part, to explain the variations in average days charged per case among the various industries. In interpreting the table, it should be borne in mind that the time charges for permanent injuries to the different parts of the body bear approximately the following relationship to each other:

1 finger (not thumb)......... 300 days1 thumb....................... 600 days1 toe (not great toe)........ 150 days1 great toe................... 300 days1 hand...................... .. 3*000 days1 foot.......... 2,1*00 days1 arm, above elbow............ i*,500 days1 arm, below elbow........... 3*600 days1 leg, above knee............ 1**500 days1 leg, below knee............ 3*000 days1 eye.... ................... 1,800 days

Table D presents injury-frequency rates for selected manufacturing industries for 1951 by month and quarter. These rates were based upon quarterly reports received from approximately 12,800 reporting units, which employed about a third of all workers engaged in manufacturing. In those industries for which the 12-month average derived from the quarterly reports differed from the final annual average based on more comprehensive coverage, the monthly and quarterly rates were adjusted to the level of the final annual rate. This table shows the month-to-month or seasonal fluctuations and the trend of injury-frequency rates during the year for each of the selected industries and for all-manufacturing combined.

Table E shows the variations in injury-frequency rate by size of reporting unit for selected manufacturing industries in 1951. Because of the nature of the tabulated data* the size of reporting'* unit rather than "size of establishment" or "size of company" was used as the basis of classification. Thus, each separately reported establishment of a multiunit concern was classified on the basis of its respective employment; reports in which data for several separate establishments were consolidated came within a larger-size group than if each plant were reported separately. There may be some question as to whether size of establishment or overall size of company is the more important factor influencing injury-frequency rates. It is generally assumed that the larger organizations are better equipped to promote safety


18

programs and to reduce work injuries; therefore, lower injury rates are expected to prevail among the larger concerns. The advantages of large-scale operations may not accrue as directly to small establishments of large multiunit companies as to large single plants or to large plants of multiunit concerns. Therefore, somewhat higher injury rates may be expected among small plants generally (even though they may be units of large concerns) than among large plants. The present tabulation, based on size-of-reporting-unit rather than on a strict size-of-establishment basis gives the best measure of size differentials in injury rates available from current data.


Table A# Injury rates by industry, 1951 (with comparable injury-frequency rates for 195) j/

IndustryNumber of reporting

units

Number of employees reported

Injury-frequencyra te s

In jury- severity ra tes 2 /

Average days lo s t or charged per case 2 /

Percent of disabling in ju ries resulting in 2 /

Currentyear

U951)

Previousyear

(1950)Allcases

Permanent-p a r tia l

d isa b ili ty

Temporary-to ta l

d is a b il i ty

Death and permaneht-

to ta ld is a b ili ty

Permanent-p a r tia l

d isa b ili ty

Temporary-to ta l

d isa b ili ty

MANUFACTURING

Total manufacturing* * * 37*185 9,301*. 821 1/15.5 I / 1 W y 1.3 82 893 17 0.1+ 5.0 91+.6

Food and kindred products U.782 582,868 i / 20.7 3 /18 .9 3 / 1.1+ 70 969 15 3 3.9 95.8

770 137.9U7 21.8 21.7 1.1 29 851 12 1 1.5 98.1+Dairy products....................................... * U11 25,1*26 19.1 17.8 1.1 55 581 13 5 2.5 97.0Canning and preserving*.................... . 53k 71,1*01* 25*6 22.8 1.3 1+9 956 16 .1 2.6 97.3

65U 53,670 19*2 17.2 1.1+ 66 1,077 15 3 3.3 96J+Bakery products** ................ 761+ 78,1*13 15.7 13.9 1.5 99 1,013 16 1+ 5.7 93.9Sugar* ...........*............................................... .. 107 27,1*03 26.9 26.1+ 2.1+ 85 960 19 .7 2.5 96.8

Cane sugar***** ........... 31 16,703 19.3 22*3 1.7 79 1,271 25 2 31+ 96.1+Beet sugar****************................. 76 10,700 1+0.2 31+.2 3.6 89 582 15 1.1 1.9 97.0

Confectionery and re la ted products*********** m 1*1,653 U*.3 13.8 8 58 71a 16 2 3.9 95*9Beverages* * 095 108,961* 26.1+ 23*8 2.0 116 1,001+ 18 3 7.9 91.8

Bottled so f t drinks********......... ......... . U20 11.718 32.9 26.7 1.1 33 1,067 10 .2 7 99.125k 71.099 2l*.5 25.3 3.1+ i36 1,032 19 .1+ 9.6 90.0

Wines* *................. ............... *............. 10U k,l& > 26.1 19.8 i f f ) i f f ) i f f ) (V ) i f f ) i f f ) c y )D is ti lle d liquors* 117 21,681 8.2 8.3 .6 67 621 21 .5 3.2 $5.3Miscellaneous food products . koo 37.988 17*8 H+.9 1.3 1+9 952 15 2 2.1+ 97.1+

Tobacoo manufactures* * .................. 159 142,1+81+ 6.6 6.8 .1+ 55 639 16 2 1+.1+ 95.1+

T extile -m ill products* 2,510 7 2 k ,9 k7 i /1 1 .2 3 / 11*0 3 / 1.0 82 1,132 18 2 1+.7 95.1

Cotton yarn and textiles***********#.******** 557 280,159 9.9 10.0 1.0 91 1,189 20 .2 1+.9 91+.9Rayon, other syn the tic , and s ilk te x tile s* 237 71.299 9.0 9.7 .7 67 795 18 .5 2.2 97.3Woolen and worsted textiles****** 352 107,180 16.9 13.8 1.3 66 1,160 19 .1 3.3 96.6

689 115.90^ 5.9 5.1+ 2 39 1,035 H+ .2 1.1 98.7Dyeing and fin ish ing te x ti le s * 296 55.811 16.1+ 18.3 1.6 95 1,568 19 - 1+.9 95.1Carpets, rugs, and other flo o r coverings* 87 U9.056 12.7 15.0 1.7 133 979 18 *1 11.1+ 88.5Hats (except c lo th and m illinery )* ............ .. 66 9.611 20.3 18.2 1.0 1+7 1,11+0 11 .3 1.6 98.1Cordage and twine*................... ............... .. 60 9.71+0 21.5 19*0 1.5 71+ 81+8 17 - 6.9 93.1Miscellaneous te x t i le goods* 166 26,187 17.3 16.3 1.1 62 1,062 18 2 2*9 96.9

Apparel and other fin ished te x t i le products 5/* 2,21*9 237.61+7 3 /6 .9 3 /6 .6 3 / .2 30 677 11 1 1.8 98.1

Clothing, mens and b o y s ' * * 7h e 120,276 6.9 6.1+ 2 21+ 856 9 1 8 99.1971 79,288 1+.9 1+.9 1 16 391+ 10 - 1.5 98.5

Fur goods and miscellaneous apparel********** 133 10,907 8.6 7.8 i f f ) i f f ) i f f ) i f f ) c y ) i f f ) U /)Miscellaneous fabricated te x t i le products* 3146 25,222 12.1 12*5 .9 71 775 16 .3 T+.8 91+.9

Lumber and wood products (except fu rn itu re )* 3.073 226,885 3/52.8 3/+9*8 3 / 5 .3 98 1,118 20 .5 4.2 95.3lo g g in g ... .* ................................................................ 3QU 2i+,ij28 98.9 96.5 10.3 103 1,608 31 .6 2.3 97.1Sawmills and planing m ills 3/*.****................ . 1.300 86,581 52.1 59.3 5.3 100 1,176 17 .7 3.7 95.6Planing mills***** * * * * * 171 10,575 1+8.1 1+5.5 1+.2 85 1,127 15 .1+ 1+.1 95.5Sawmills******* . 75k 28,1+16 60.2 61.1+ 5.7 95 1,161+ 18 .7 3.2 96.1

Saw and planing-mi11s, in tegrated* 293 1+1,662 1+8.1 1+5.6 5.0 105 1,219 16 .7 3.8 95.5Veneer m ills* . 52 i+,213 1+2.3 31+.6 (V ) i f f ) i f f ) (V ) i f f ) c y ) c y )


Table A.-*-Injury rates by industry, 1951 (with comparable injury-frequency rates for 1950) l/ Continued

IndustryNumber of reporting units


Injury-frequenoy rates Injury-

severity rates 2/

Average days lost or charged per ease 2/

Percent of disabling injuries resulting in 2/

Currentyear(1951}

Previousyear(1950)

Alloases

Permanent-partial

disabilityTemporary-total

disability

Death and pemanent- totaldisability

Permanent-partialdisability

Temporary-total

disability

MANUFACTURING ContinuedLumber end wood products (except furniture^ -Ccn.

637 55,ali2 29.0 29.5 3.5 122 974 17 0*3 8*8 90.9Mi 11 work and structural wood products 549 35.1*96 28.0 28*2 3.1 112 874 14 4 9.0 90*6Plywood mills***"**** 88 20,31*6 31.2 32.9 .3 148 1.257 25 3 8.5 91.2U2k 33.316 38J* 34.6 2*8 75 873 12 2 6.1 93.7Miscellaneous wood products....... 408 26,718 35.2 27.5 2.5 70 855 15 2 5.1 94*7

Furniture and fixtures Jg/******.... * 1.U51 166,188 1/22.0 j>/21.0 i/ 1.6 75 819 14 1 7.0 92.9Household fundture 1.077 116,601+ 22.3 21.6 1.8 82 873 14 1 7.3 92.6Household furniture, nonmetal******* 775 82,838 22*3 21*8 1.9 85 886 14 1 7.7 92.2Metal household furniture****************** 1+8 11,083 24.9 23.5 1.2 56 761* 13 - 5.7 94.3Mattresses and bedsprings****************** 251* 22.683 19*9 18.1 1.9 78 81*8 12 .2 6.4 93.4Office furniture* 68 17.119 21*1+ 18*5 1.6 74 615 v* 2 7.8 92.0Wood office furniture***.*************.**** 22 3.14* 28.6 22*2 (4/) U/) (4?) (V) (V) (V) (4/)Metal office fund ture........... I46 14.005 19*0 17.1 T.5 ^85 34 .3 6.8 $2.9Public-building and professional fund ture 43 9,3U 19.5 21;* 1 W )

(78(4/) (V) U/) (4/) (4/)

171 15,669 22*8 18*8 .9 i*5 708 13 - 4.6 95.4Screens, shades, and blinds*** 87 7,268 15*1 17.1 W ) (]/) (V) (V) (4/) (V) (J*/)Paper and allied products** 1,581* 337.1)01 j5/l6*0 2/16.1 3 / 1.9 82 955 16 3 4.9 94.8Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills*......... 1+72 207,920 15.8 15.7 2*6 111* 1.155 19 8 4.1 95.1

81* 9.415 16.3 15.U 5 33 418 15 - 1**5 95.5Paperboard containers and boxes****..****...* 785 77,018 18*1 17.9 1.3 61* 884 15 .1 5.3 94.6Miscellaneous paper and allied products 21*3 43.048 13.7 H+.8 1.2 75 972 14 .1 5.6 94.3Printing, publishing, and allied industries***. 2,931* 271,137 i/9.1 3/ 8*2 2/ -6 62 910 16 2 3.7 96.1Newspapers and periodicals... ..... 925 130,581 9.1 8.3 5 56 874 16 3 ,2.9 96.8Bookbinding and related products**........... 122 9,102 10.0 8*0 U*/) (U/) (4/) (V) (1/) (V?Miscellaneous printing and publishing**...... 1,887 131.454 9.1 8.2 6 65 t93 14 .2 ^*4 $?*4

Chemicals and allied products. 2,079 434.134 i/11.5 2 /11 .1 2/ 1 .1 90 1,021 16 .7 2.9 96*4Industrial inorganic chemicals*.**.* 151 63,533 9.5 9.5 1.3 95 1,361 20 .6 2*8 96.6Industrial organic chemicals....... 300 172,201 5.1 1**8 7 119 826 19 1.1 4 4* 94.5Plastics, (except synthetic rubber)*..... 56 35,969 6.6 7.0 W ) (V^ ) W ) Q / ) (4/) (4/)Synthetic rubber*... . 20 9.333 2.3 3.1* w ) w ) (/) w ) (/) (/)

23 53.922 1.7 2.1 qlA (/) Q4/ ) (u/) (k/j (/)35 12,738 3*4 3.8 W ) (y> W ) ) 0 W )Miscellaneous industrial organic chemicals. 1& 62,239 7.7 6*1; 7 66 796 16 5 ?*8 % #7Drugs and medicines* 258 71,75! 9.2 8*2 5 62 965 14 2 3.7 96.1202 28,668 8*3 7.9 1.1 90 1.407 19 - 5.1 94.9Paints, pigments, and related products*.. 393 44.271 12*5 13.0 .8 50 707 13 .4 1*9 97.7FertiUsers........... 1*05 23,065 22.1; 23*8 2.9 130 1,603 21 1.3 2.1 96.6Vegetable and animal oils and fats***.. 85 6,867 23*8 23.5 1.3 5P 613 .4 2.9 96.7Compressed and liquefied gases*.... 1*7 6,903 l4.0 114 (4/) ih/) (V) w > U/) U/)Miscellaneous chemicals and allied products. 238 16.875 20.7 17.6 T*3 57 360 14 .7 T.l 98.2Digitized for FRASER

http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

Table A. Injury rates by industry, 1951

Industry

MANUFACTURING--C ontinued Products of petroleum and coal

Petroleum refining >/..Coke ovens 6y^ ..,...T..

Beehive....... .............. ............Byproduct. ............................... .

Paving and roofing materials*...... .

Rubber products........................

Tires and inner tubes. Rubber footwear.Miscellaneous rubber products.........

Leather and leather products..... .........Leather tanning and finishing....Boot and shoe cut stock and findings........Footwear (except mibber)....................Miscellaneous leather products..

Stone, clay, and glass products....

Glass and glass products....Cement, hydraulic 6/. ..Structural d a y products....Pottery clay products................... .Concrete, gypsum, and mineral wool.....Lime 6 / . . . . .... ....Cut-stone and stone products........Miscellaneous nonaetallic mineral products.

Primary metal industries $/......... .Blast furnaces and steel mills*.Iron and steel foundries.

Gray-iron and malleable foundries........Steel foundries

Nonferrous primary smelting and refining 6/.Copper.............. ...............Lead-silver....................... ........Zinc......Miscellaneous.........

Nonferrous rolling, drawing, and alloying... Nonferrous foundries..Miscellaneous primary metal industries......

Iron and steel forgings........ .Wire drawing.......,.Welded and heavy-riveted pipe.....Cold-finished steel......................^rcfassified^ elsewhere

Number of Number ofreporting employeesunits reported

(V) 198,ii69- 138,1+87- 25,715- 3,657- 22,0581+8 6,671308 191,99138 70,62015 31,672

255 89,699829 171+.990151 25,14+571 3,329

1+32 130,717175 15,1+99

1.598 273,13321+5 96,307- 21+.92353*+ 57,821132 35.075371 16,606

6,50687 2,701+229 33,191

1.91+1 1,020,087205 588,305832 200,1+89697 136,91+7135 63,5142- 33,800

- 12,600- 3,900- 9,200- 8,100

,7k 1+8,011+1+30 la, 801+378 105,863155 51,3511+5 21,81031+51 m93 6,093


(with comparable injury-frequency rates for 1950) ^/--Continued


Table A Injury rates by industry, 1951 (with comparable injury-frequency rates for 1950) l/ Continued

Industry

MANUFAC TURING ContinuedFabricated metal products...... ......

Tin cans and other tinwareCutlery, hand tools, and hardware*........Cutlery and edge tools**..*Hand tools, files, and saws***************Hardware* ............ . ...... .

Heating and plumbing equipment*Sanitary ware and plumbers' supplies*.* Oil burners, heating and cooking apparatus

Fabricated structural metal products******** Structural steel and ornamental metalwork. Metal doors, sash, frame, and trim*Boiler-shop products**.Sheet-metal work

Metal stamping, coating and engraving jj/....Vitreous-enameled productsStamped and pressed metal products******** Metal coating and engraving*

Fabricated wire products*.....Miscellaneous fabricated metal products

Metal barrels, drums, kegs, and pails*****Steel springs****......... .... .Bolts, nuts, washers, and rivets*******.** Sorew-machine productsFabricated metal products, not elsewhere classified*

Machinery (except electrical)**.*...*Engines and turbines**********Agricultural machinery and tractors**Construction and mining machinery....Metalworking machinery*Special-industry machinery*......Food-produots machinery**Textile machinery*Miscellaneous special-industry machinery.*

General industrial machinery**Pumps and compressors********************* Elevators, escalators, and conveyors.Mechanical power-transmission equipment

(except ball and rolling bearings)*Miscellaneous general industrial machinery

Commercial and household machinery Miscellaneous machinery parts**....... Valves and fittings.....................Fabricated pipe and fittings*.............Bail and roller bearings*........**Maobine shops, general**************..****

ier of orting oits


Injury-frequencyrates Injury- severity rates 2/

Average days lost or charged per case 2/Percent of disablinj resulting in * juries

Currentyear(1951)

Previousyear(1950)

AllC&S68


Temporary-total

disability

Death and permanent-disability


Temporary-total

disability

5.736 705,976 i/19.5 3/19.0 3 / 1.5 79 795 H+ 0.3 5.9 93.6

lok 1)2,883 12*0 12.2 .7 61 592 16 3 1+.9 9 M506 122,013 15.7 1U.5 l.o 68 667 15 2 6.2 93.6U+2 21,689 21*2 18.6 1.0 *4l+ 720 11+ - 1+.3 95.7175 29.819 20*1 17.7 1.6 71+ 692 13 5 1+.6 9t).9109 70,505 11*6 11.6 .8 76 61+3 17 1 8.1+ 91.51)39 122,2*46 21.6 21.6 2.0 83 921+ 13 .1+ 5.0 9l).6133 1+8,862 19.0 19*2 1.3 60 902 1*+ 2 3.7 96.1506 73,581) 22*7 22*5 2*3 91+ 931 13 5 5.7 93.8

1,056 139,539 26*3 25*0 2.1+ 87 911+ 11+ .1+ 5.1 9l)5510 72,li)l 2I+.1 23*2 2.1 87 810 15 6 1+.1+ 95.095 11,2*40 27.8 29.9 3.1 95 1,003 9 - 8.6 91J)

256 1)0,195 26*6 21+.5 2.5 87 1,111 15 1+ 1+.7 9i).9195 15.663 29.1 26*8 2.1+ 77 582 H+ .6 1+.8 9U.6722 122,121 19.0 20*2 1.6 9*+ 852 11+ 1 8.5 91.1)33 7.376 22*6 20*8 1.9 8*+ 972 11+ - 7.3 92.7

1+90 102,510 16 *6 17.3 1.6 110 822 11+ 1 10.8 89.1193 11,989 27.5 29.3 1.7 52 1,005 13 2 2.5 97.5252 1)6,61)5 18.1+ 18*3 .8 1+8 585 16 - 5.7 9t)*3657 IIO.529 H+.9 U+.5 .9 65 566 v+ 3 6.1 ?56

3h33

7,6809,806 15.123.5

13.717*8

(V)76 %

(J4/)11+

(j/j.6 % (V) # .5 90.1)97 21),788 15.6 16.1 .6 50 1+06 13 - 9.6

292 29,103 15.9 U+.9 8 52 672 15 - 5.6 9l).U201 39,152 13*0 12.8 1.0 79 615 13 5 6.3 93.2

3.9*46 1,189,11)5 3/l5*k 1/13.8 1/1.2 71 850 15 2 5.1+ 9 W )

63 60,707 11*3 11.0 Jb 63 76*+ 13 3 1+.6 95.1226 162,267 15.2 15.8 1.6 68 792 12 1 6.2 93.7306 98,780 23.8 21.6 2.1+ 8*+ 9141+ 13 1+ 5.0 9l).6991 181,785 li+*0 11*5 .8 61 1.003 15 .2 3.8 96.0679 138,51)7 18.0 15.6 1.5 72 807 15 2 5.6 9U.2li|p 23,871) 17*6 16*3 2*1+ 126 1.136 15 2 8.6 91.2139 39,760 13.3 11.9 1.1 63 666 15 2 3.8 96.0398 71), 913 20*5 17.2 1.1+ 61+ 677 15 2 5.8 9l).062*+ 169,179 18.0 15.3 l.*+ 78 1.078 H+ (8/) 5.8 5t).2158 W),1)55 18.1+ 15.1+ 2.8 153 1,262 11 1 10.8 89.186 26,066 19.3 16*1 1.0 140 71+2 13 - 3.7 96.3118 57,180 16*0 13*8 .9 63 9*+8 17 _ 5.0 95.0282 61,1)78 I8.5 15.9 .9 1+7 900 16 - 3.5 96.533k 238,199 9.3 9.1 .7 76 708 19 1 7.8 92.1m

139.68132.926 16*919*2 15.417.71.01.3 8 620598 8

K

55 w 5k560

5.9075l),822

15.812.2

16.012.0 n (V)Tfc7

(V)512 1)6,026 18*5 15.1 1.2 69 752 11+ .5 3.8 95.7


Table A. Injury rates by industry, 195

IndustryAmber of reporting

un its

Amber of employees reported

MANUFAC TURINGContinued

E le c tr ica l machinery#*. 1,153 721,704

E le c tr io a l in d u s tr ia l apparatus* 522 284,863E le c tr ic a l appliances 72 38,506Insula ted wire and oable******************** 4B 14.458

56,743E le c tr ic a l equipment fo r vehicles* E lec tric lamps (bu lbs).

53* 24.663

Ccnmunication equipment J^****************** Radios and re la te d products***************

296 278,307220 168,61)2

21 31.674l&soellaneous communication equipment* 55 71,991

Miscellaneous e le c tr io a l products*********** 108 30.164B a tte rie s * * 61 20,030E le c tr ic a l products, not elsewhere

classified**************** h i 10.134

Transportation equipment* 1.055 1,416.520

Motor vehicles and equipment**************** 50U 778,445Motor v eh ic les, bodies, and trailers****** 263 487,662Motor~vehicle p a rts and accessories******* 2U1 290,783

A irc ra ft and parts************************** 153 455.323A irc ra ft* * 32 303.460A irc ra ft parts************* * 121 151.863

Ship** and boatbuilding and repairing* 291 86,284Shipbuilding and repairing*** * 152 81,702Boatbuilding and repairing* 139 4,582

Railroad equipment* * 88 87,294Miscellaneous tran sp o rta tio n equipment****** 19 9,174

Instruments and re la te d products************** 485 186,947

S e ien tifio instrum ents* 47 13.321Meohanioal measuring and con tro lling

instrum ents* * 119 49,565O ptical instruments and lexises************** 30 11,187Msdioal instruments and supplies* 132 27.550Ophthalmio goods*** 49 8,807Photographic equipment and supplies********* 65 50,174Watches and docks************************** 43 26,343

Miscellaneous manufacturing in d u s tr ie s 1,196 164.637Jewelry, silverw are, and plated ware******** 115 22.355Fabricated p la s tie s produots**************** 179 27.374

90 8,538Morticians* goods*** * 104 8.114Miscellaneous manufacturing* 708 98.256

Ordnance and accessories******************.*,* 39 37.531


1 (with oanparable injury-frequency rates for 1950) y Continued

Injury-frequencyrates Injury-

severity rates /

Average days lost or oharged per ease Z /

Percent of disablini resulting in4

; injuriesK -...

Currentyear(1951)

Previousyear(1950)

Alloases

Peraanent-partialdisability

Temporary-total

disability

Death and permanent- total disabilityPermanent-partialdisability

Temporary-total

disability

y?.5 y ? 4 y o .6 73 676 16 0,2 7.2 924W * 7.9 .8 79 633 16 3 7.7 92.07.5 7 4 7 91 795 14 9.9 90.116.3 154 1 .1 58 1,000 17 3 2.5 97 47.04.1 5.9

5.8a

.7m o 8 uj/5 $

84.1 2

6.5 6.9 .3 51 788 4 U.8 95.2(V)95.1

4.14.2

3.95.1 4

iy>15

(y)%

11.7 12.7 8 58 782 20 - 5.0 95.01U.2 15.0 1.0 62 903 21 - 4 4 95 46.8 8.1 (V) (V) y/) cy> (y> cy> cy>

2/B*k i/8.3 y . 7 io4 750 20 .5 7.0 92.57U 7.3 5 101 666 20 .4 8 4 91.06*3 5.9 .5 97 702 21 .5 7.2 92.39.2 9 4 .6 110 613 19 3 12.0 87.75*3 4 4 7 134 1,055 18 .9 6.1 93.04.5 4.0 4 148 914 15 1.3 6.1 9247.X 5.9 9 125 1,149 20 4 6.0 934244 27.5 2.1 93 874 21 .7 3.7 95422.5 254 2.1 98 919 21 .7 3.5 95-839.2 38.9 iy> (y> (y) cy> (y> 12.0 11.4 8 98 724 25 4 6.9 92.718.2 15.8 8 42 561 14 5.1 94.9

y 7.u y 7.7 y .5 48 696 13 - 5 .1 94.96.1 5.2 cy) (y> cy> (y> 8 4 8.5 4 816 4.8 95.26 4 5.2 cy> (4/) (h /) (4/)10.8 13.1 .3 26 TO 10 m TJ.o #>.o4.76.1

4.85*5 8 8 w 8 8 8 8 8 87.0 5.8 4 57 ^93 17 - 6.0

i/13.8 yi3.3 y 1 4 104 1,018 15 2 7.7 92.18.6 8.0 .9 89 813 15 3 7.0 92.7164 16.2 1.2 65 753 14 2 5.5 94.317.3 17.6 1.0 54 1,494 14 - 2.8 97.226.2 20.9 1 4 59 932 15 2 3.3 96.512.9 12.7 1.8 143 1,079 16 2 10.8 89.06.0 6.2 4 106 1,070 15 - 8 4 91.4


Table A* Injury rates by industry, 19?

IndustryHumber of reporting units


NONMANTJF AC TURING5.59U 255.8022,719 l60,i*10

Gereral building contractors.#........... 1,861 86.281Heavy construction, except highway andstreet* ..... .... . 298 31*. 921*

Highway and street construction** 560 57.205Special-trade contractors*# 2,875 75.592Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning* 715 15.220Painting, p&perhanging, and decorating**.* bPl 6.072Electrical work*...... 371 9.61*7Masonry, stone setting, and other stonework 207 U.522Plastering and lathing. 105 1*.015Terras so, tile, marble, and mosaic work*** 83 1.91(0Roofing and sheet*eaet&l work............. 275 6,632Structural-steel erection and ornamentaliron work***................ . 61 7.507Installation or erection of buildingequipment, not elsewhere classified*... 32 6,509

Miscellaneous special-trade contractors 9 / 619 15,750Ccwnunications 10/

Telephone (wire and radio)*.....*........... 120 551*.988Radio broadcasting and television* *....... i+12 17,551

Transportations 10/Stevedoring.*........ 70 25.H8

15 8,029288 58,796Local transportation systems, integrated* 37 128,725Trucking and hauling**..*. 1,062 27.ua

836 22,781Transportation, not elsewhere classified* 130 2.556

Utilities and sanitary services j?/........... 7hk 582.966Electric light and power...... 355 278,217

199 92,91}168 10,912

Personal services*...... .......... ..... ... 3#330 158,896687 16,981555 25,81*1Laundry with dry cleaning*................. l A 56,132373 9,269


?1 (with comparable injury-frequency rates for 1950) JL/~Continued

Injury-frequency rates Injury-

severityrates 2/

Average days lost or charged per case yPercent of disabling injuries

resulting in 2/Currentyear

(195D

Previousyear(1950)

Alloases

Bsraanent-partial

disabilityTemporary - total

disability

Death and permanent-totc.ldisability

Permanent-partial

disabilityTemporary-total

disability

39.3 41.0 4.2 104 1.1*58 15 0.8 3.1 96.1J42.9 44*5 1+.5 105 1,1*07 14 7 3.3 96.039.6 45 *4 2.8 72 1.061* 15 .6 2.2 97.21|2.3 42.8 4.4 104 1,046 15 1.0 2.5 96.550.8 1^.8 8.2 162 1,751* 12 8 6.0 93.231.5 33.4 3.5 103 1.679 17 8 2.3 96.926.8 28.5 1.2 44 525 12 5 5 99.023.5 23.5 4.6 194 2.080 16 2.5 1.9 95*825.7 26.0 2.1 81 955 15 8 2.0 97.21)0.7 39.6 4.8 118 2,217 16 1.0 2.0 97*058.2 44.8 7 18 1,800 12 - 2 99.723.943.7

21.543.1 5 (4/) (4/) U/) (4/)13.5 14.1 1.9 143 1,453 17 1.4 2.8 95.811.5 12.1 2.2 188 1,416 19 2.0 3.4 94.618.4 16.9 1.3 72 1,594 13 .5 2.0 97.523.5 21.9 1.4 58 1,160 13 .6 1.0 98.49.9 10.0 .4 45 1,528 15 .2 1.1 98.74.67.9

6.57.1

(4/)5

(4/)1,657 (V)17

(4/).3

Table A* Injury rates by industry, 1951 (with comparable injury-frequency rates for 1950) l/--Continued



Injury-frequencyratesInjury- severity rates 2/

Average days lost or charged per case 2/

Percent of disabling injuries resulting in 2/

Currentyear

Previousyear All

casesPemanent-partialdisability

Temporary-total

disabilityDeath and permanent- totaldisability


Temporary-total

disability

NONMANUFAC TURING C onti nuedPersonal services Con.Hotels................................ . 1+51+ 39,928 H+.6 16.0 0.6 38 l,25p % 0.2 0.8 99.0Medical and other professional services..... l+ol+ 8,159 1+.3 1+.6 CV) CV> CV) cV) CV) (V) (V>Miscellaneous personal services......... 373 4,586 8.8 5.2 eg/) (g/) (g/) eg/) eg') (V)

3,393 198,U25 i+*l+ 3.9 2 50 1,221 15 2 2.0 97.8Banks and other financial agencies........ 1,163 61,917 2.8 2.1 2 65 1,250 17 3 2.1* 97.3Insurance ....................... . 589 105,705 2.0 2.0 1 32 1,125 21 - 1.0 99.0Real estate................. . 1+36 5.619 6.3 5.5 Cl/) 0/) W ) Ci/) Cl/) cV) CV)

1+30 14,389 13.7 12.3 .7 -50 1 30I+ 11 .3 1 .8 97.9Automobile repair shops and garages......... 455 5,196 13.7 13.0 CV) CV) CJ/) Ci/) CV) CV) CV)Miscellaneous repair services....... 320 5,599 28.2 21.9 1.2 1*1+ 1,117 12 - 2.9 97.1Educational services................... 29U 138,265 8.2 7.9 .6 73 1,622 11+ 5 1.9 97.6Fire d e p a r t s i e n t s . . ..... 223 31,286 30 J+ 35.5 2.1 70 1,286 11+ .9 i+ 98.7Police departments..................... 173 21,1+00 36.5 52.1+ 1.6 1+3 1,820 11+ 1+ .3 99.3Trade.................. ................... 13,51*8 l*2l+,l+50 1/12.9 3/12.3 3 / .6 1+9 1,092 13 .3 1.7 98.0Wholesale distributors. 3,308 108,1+32 15.6 15.2 .9 58 1,106 13 .1+ 1.8 97.8Retail, general merchandise.......... 617 100,920 5.7 5.8 .1 26 568 15 l 1.0 98.9Retail apparel and accessories............. 1,110 27,787 1+.1 1+.0 1 31+ 2,150 11+ - .9 99.1Retail food.............................. 1,097 28,141*2 16.3 13.3 .5 32 1*63 12 .3 .1+ 99.3

1*1+5 35,221 27.3 26.9 1.1+ 51 1,221+ 16 .2 2.0 97.8Eating and drinking places............ i 1+1*0 17,812 9.1+ 10.8 .3 33 1+50 12 .3 .6 99.1Retail automobiles and accessories.. 1,321* 26,673 15.5 15.5 .6 3Q 1,U 11 2 1.3 98.5357 1+.253 15.6 12.0 (1/) Cl/) CV) ci/) cV) CV) CV)Miscellaneous retail stores.......... 2,623 1*0,738 13.1+ 11.1 .8 56 1,886 12 ~.i+ T.O 9?.6816 22,151 28.9 29.1 1.9 66 971+ 13 .3 3.7 96.0Wholesale and retail trade combined, not

elsewhere classified. 1+11 12,021 15.1 13.6 5 31+ 300 15 .3 1.0 98.7MINING AND QUARRYING 6/

- 1+53,600 51*8 52.8 CJ/> Cl/) ci/) ci/)

0.CM (V) (V)Bituminous. _ 38l+,300 1+9.1 1+8.8 0/) Cl/) Cl/) (1/) 2/ 2*2 (V) cV)Anthracite.................................. - 69,300 67.5 72.5 d/> /) /) /) T / 1.4 (g/) (V)

Metal mines.............. ....... . - 72,600 1+3.1+ 1+5.6 (1/) Cl/) ci/) (1/) y 1.4 ci/) (V)Iron.......................... - 30,200 19.1+ 18.8 (U ) (1/) CV) CV) T / S 4 a/) ik /)Copper........ - 16,100 33.8 32.5 (5/5 2/) (3 /) (/) 1/ 1 .7 eg/) (V)L e a d - z i n c . . 15,000 83.1 81+.6 (S/) (g/) (5/) (g )^ y .6 (g/) (g)


Tbl A.* Injury rates by industry, 1951 (with comparable injury-frequency rates for 1950) j/ Continued

l / See Technical Votes for definitions of terns*2 / Based on reports {constituting 60 percent of the total sample) which Turn!shed details regarding the resulting disabilities*5/ Weighted averages (See Technical Votes)*

Hot available or data insufficient to warrant presentation of rate*

Includes data for industries not shown separately*

6/ Compiled by the Bureau of Vines, U* S* Department of the Interior; data represent preliminary estimates based on an average of 80 percent coverage of all mining industries*j / Fatalities only*0 / Less than 0*05*9/ Includes carpentering, concrete work, excavating and foundation work, wrecking and demolition work, and other speoial trade contractors not elsewhere classified*

W Data not available for all Industries in group*Digitized for FRASER http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/ Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis

27fable B- Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury rates

for 51,905 identical reporting units, 1950-51


Percent of change in

EmployeesEmployee-hours

workedDisablinginjuries

Total time lost l/

Injury-frequencyrate

Severity rate 1/

MANUFACTURINGTotal, manufacturing___f........ T.......... 29,621 +8 +8 +13 +8 2/ ^ 2/ 44

+1 +2 4.5 +10 2/ +6 2\{ +12++2 +3 +2 -2L (3/) -28

Dairy products............................ 27U +1 +1 -5 (U/) -6 (V )Canning and preserving. ................... . 3U7 -1 +2 +12 +10 -16qpj, +3 +3 +Q -18 -18cA), +2 +2 +11 -1 +Q -1Sugar................................... 99 -5 -9 -6 +56

T7+3 +76

25 -6 -17 +63 -il +787b -6 -12 4+ +53 +18 +70

197 -1 (3/) +7+3

+26 +6 +25667 +3

\ -V /~+2 +27 +11 4.5I

2i+i +1 +2 +28 (h /) +25 (V )+19pqq 4+ +3 -2 25 -5

Wines.............. ................ . 92 +10 +5 +1+0 (V ) +33 (V^Distilled liquors............. . 101 -2 -1 -9 +10 -9 *713Miscellaneous food products. 233 +1 +12 +122 +11 +127lill (3/) +2 -b -22 -23

Textile-mill products.,........ ........... 2,129 -3 -3 -b 2/4+ 2/ +6518 +1 -2 i+ +20 -3 +21

Rayon, other synthetic, and silk textiles... 203 -b -7 -9 -3 -1 +5Woolen and worsted textiles............... 295 -9 -12 +6 -2 +20 +12Biit goods 532 -6 -7 +2 -4+5 +9 -39Dyeing and finishing textiles*.............. 266 4i -7 -10 -20 -3 -13Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings.... 71 -10 -15 -19 -23 -9Hata (except cloth and millinery)......... 60 -5 -12 -8 +98 +5 +129Cordage and twine............................................... 55 +5 +8 +23 +153 + ^ +135Miscellaneous textile goods........... . 129 4+ (3/) +3 -27 +3 -23

Apparel and other finished textile products 5/ 1,708 (3/) -2 (3/) +26 (/) (3/) 2/ +28Clothing, menf a and boys*............ . 590 -1 -5 +6 +22 +11 +21Clothing, women * s and children * s ........... 703 -2 -3 -11 -32+ -7 -36

(V)pur goods and miscellaneous apparel......... 107 +6 -2 (V ) -8Miscellaneous fabricated textile produots... 260 +5 +6 +2 85 4+ ^77

Lumber and wood products (except furniture).. 2,070 (3/> (3/) +5 +5 g/+2+ 2/ -1198 (3/) +7 +6 -13 -1 -21

Saisnills and planing mills 5/*.............. 719 \Jf / (3/) 4+ +2 +2+ (3/)Planing mills...........T .............. 133 -3 4+ +15 -20 +20 316Sawmills 311 -5 b -7 +6 -3 +11Sawmills and planing mills, integrated.... 209 +2 +5 +8 +7 +2* -2Veneer mi Us.............................. L.7 -2 -3 +20 (1+/) +23 (V )

Millwork and related products.............. 528 -2 -1* -6 +26 -1 337MUl^ork and structural wood products - - - * - 1+51 -2 -3 +19 +1 +22Pl ywjnnfl H r.......................... 77 -2 -5 -10 4i2 -5 +62

Wooden containers............ ..... . 33b +2 4+ +15 +80 +11 +71Miscellaneous wood products......... ..... 291 +1 +3 +20 +bl +16 4+7

Furniture and fixtures 5/ ............. 1.19U -3 4+ -2 (3/) 2/ +2 2/ +3Hou sahold fNim i tu re f......... ......... . 892 -8 -9 -7 4+ +3 +15Household furniture, nonmetal 6I+1 -10 -11 -9 +8 +3 +20Metal household furniture -............... -3 -1 +2 -8 4+ -7Mattresses and bedsprings... 208

J-2 -6 -3 -9 +3 -1Office furniture................ . 60 +12 +19 +2l+ 4+ -27Wood office furniture................... 21 +16 +36 +19 (V )Metal offioe furniture................. 39 +11 +20 +19 4+ (3/) 3 *Public-building and professional furniture.. 37 +11 +16 -7 (V ) -20 (V )Partitions and fixtures.................... lko +9 +10 +36 328 =3i+Screens, shades, and blinds..., 65 -2 -2 -13 (it/) -11 (V )


26Table B. Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury rates

for 51*905 identioal reporting units, 1950-51 Continued

Industry

Number of reporting units

Percent 1of change in

EmployeesEtaployee-hoursworked

Disablinginjuries

Total time lost 1f

Injuryfrequencyrate

Severity rate 1/

MANITFACTURING-- ContinuedPaper and allied products.......... ........ 1,186 +5 4* +5 +23 2/-1 ^ + 3 2Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills.......... 1*28 +1* +1* +5 +65 +2 +65Envelopes ...... ..... ............... . 70 +5 4+ +13 +31* +8 +28Paperboard containers and boxes........... 1*71* +9 +6 +5 -18 -1 -23Miscellaneous paper and allied products.... 21h +5 +6 -1 +39 -7 +30

Printing, publishing, and allied industries... 2,1*11* +2 +2 +12 +7 2/ +11 ^ +8Newspapers and periodicals......... ....... 761 +2 +2 +9 4* +8 -6Bookbinding and related produots.......... 101 (3/) -1 +21 (1*/) +21* (V)Miscellaneous printing auad publishing#..... 1*552 +2 +2 +15 +19 +12 719

Chemicals and allied products...... .... 1*731 +8 +9 +11 +1 2/ +3 / -8Industrial inorganic chemical............. 129 +12 +16 +21* +5 +7 -15Industrial organic chemicals................ 265 +8 +10 +15 -28 +6 -38Plastics, exoept synthetic rubber...... 1*9 +2 +5 -1* (b/) -9 (1*/)Synthetic rubber. ...................... . 18 +1*3 4*1* -2 m -32 (V;Synthetic fibers....................... 21 +2 +2 -16 TOO -H* (V)Explosives........... .......... ....... 35 4*o +1*5 +30 (V) -11 mMiscellaneous industrial organic chemicals lit2 +10 +12 +37 t u * +23 (V)Drugs and medicines...................... 219 +8 +7 +23 +50 +15 755Soap and related product................. . 158 +6 4* +7 -12 +3 -21*Paints, pignents, and related products...... 3l*2 * +3 -2 -3 -5 -6Fertili zer .................... ......... . 355 +2 4* 4* +11 -8 +7Vegetable and animal oils and fats......... 62 +2 +3 +b 4*8 +1 4*9Compressed and liquefied gases....... 1*2 +16 +16 +20 (V ) +1* a*/)Miscellaneous ohemicals and allied produots. 159 +1+ 4* +18 +85 +11* 779

Produots of petroleum and ooal:Paving and roofing materials 31* -1 -2 -29 -29 -27 -27

Rubber products....... 263 +5 4* -3 +1 2/-6 2/ -10Tires and inner tubes......... . 36 (3/) (3/) -6 -10 -5 -17Rubber footwear...... 15 718 717 +8 (V ) -a (V )Miscellaneous rubber products.............. 212 +5 +5 -3 4* -7 ~-9

Leather and leather products............. 6bh -5 -7 +5 -10 2/ +11* 2/ +7Leather tanning and finishing............. 125 -8 -10 -1* +6 +6 17

1*5 -7 -11 +23 (1*/) +37 (V )Footwear (except rubber).................. 333 *-6 -8 +9 =^26 +20 -18Miscellaneous leather products........ . ll*l +11 +11 +12 -39 +2 4*6Stone, clay, and glass products............. 1,283 +7 +9 +17 -9 2/ *6 2/ -23Glass and glass products.... ............ 215 +5 +6 +11 +21* +5 +19Structural clay products........ . 1*82 +9 +12 +21* -12 +11 -22Pottery and related products.......... . 115 +5 +6 +8 -31 +2 -32Concrete, gypsum, and mineral wool.......... 268 +11 +12 +10 -26 -2 -3bCut-stone and stone products.............. 65 -8 -1* +18 (V ) +23 (V )Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products.. 138 +13 +17 +21* % +6 ^ 1

1,673 +9 +5 +22 +11* 2/ +12 2/ +20Blast furnaces and steel mills............ 192 +6 -1 +6 +1* +7 +li*Iron and steel foundries.................. 721* +22 +21* +1*1 +31 +H* +12Gray-iron and malleable foundries..... 601 +15 +15 +30 +29 +12 +17Steel foundries ............... 123 +38 +1*6 +79 +39 +22 -3

Nanferrous rolling, drawing, and alloying... 62 +2 -3 8 -1*1* -1* -1*1*Nanferrous foundries..................... 362 +5 +7 +2 +35 -5 +21Miscellaneous primary metal industries. 323 +13 +16 +29 +60 +8 +89

Iron and steel forgings................. 136 +18 +20 +37 -10 +11* -26Wire drawing............. . 1*0 +11 +11* +39 +191 +22 +11*6Welded and heavy-riveted pipe. 31

29

Table B. Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury ratesfor 51*905 identical reporting units, 1950-51 Continued

Percent of ohange inIndustry Number of

reporting units Employees

Employee-hours

workedDisablinginjuries

Total time lost 1/

Injury frequency .. ratfl____

Severity rate 1/

MANUFACTURING Continued Fabricated metal products*.................. 5,087 +5 +6 +9 +9 2/+3 2/+5Tin cans and other tinware. ...... . 96 4* -6 -6 -31 -1 -32*Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware......... 2*32 +3 +3 +11 +9 +5 +12Cutlery and edge tools........ ......... 113 +3 +3 +12* 48 +11 +2*Hand tools, files, and saws....... ..... 160 +26 +30 +2*0 4151 +8 +81Hardware............................ . 159 -5 -5 -6 -28 -1 -23Heating and plumbing equipment.......... 378 +2* +2* +1 426 -3 +25Sanitary ware and plumbers* supplies...*.. 118 +2* +6 +10 -2 +15Oil burners, heating and cooking apparatus 260 +3 +3 (3/) +31 -3 +31

Fabricated structural metal products........ 857 +9 +11 +o +2* +9 -2*Structural steel and ornamental metalwork. hh8 +7 +11 +20 -8 +8 -18Metal doors, sash, frame, and trim....... 66 +2 +3 +1 +37 -1 +27Boiler-shop products.................. . 195 +13 +11 +22* +15 +11 +3Sheet-metal work........................ 11*8 H* +15 +31 +2 +12* -9

Metal stamping, coating, and engraving 5/* * 595 +3 +1 -3 +1 -5 +8Vitreous-enameled products. *T. . 29 +1 +1 +11 +10 +11 +10Stamped and pressed metal products...... . 2*1 0 +3 +1 -2* -11 -5 -12Metal coating and engraving....... ..... 152 +1 +1 -3 +180 -2+ +162

Fabricated wire produots................. . 211 3 +2 46 -32* +3 -37Miscellaneous fabricated metal produots 518 13 +16 +22 +53 +5 +20Metal barrels, drums, kegs, and pails..... 29 +8 +16 +15 (h/) -1 (V )Steel springs.......... ........... 29 +13 +15 +31 +223 +31* +183

93 +3 +7 +3 +16 -2* -2Screw-machine produots......... . 212* +28 +33 +37 +56 +3 +26Fabricated metal products, not elsewhere classified........... ...... . 153 +11 +12 +27 +59 +12 +i*6

Machinery (exoept electrical)................. 3.325 +15 +19 +31 +28 2/ +10 2/ +8Engines and turbines......... ............ 57 425 +29 +30 +72 +1 +22Agricultural machinery and tractors...... . 203 +10 +12 46 +9 -5 -hConstruction and mining machinery. ....... . 270 +19 +26 +2*1 +61 +12 +31Metalworking machinery.................... 801 +29 +37 +6L* +9 +19 -18Special-industry machinery............... 608 +15 +18 +39 +57 +17 +36Food-products machinery....... 132* +12 +15 +31 +87 +12* +68Textile machinery.............. ... 129 +11 +11 +22* +70 +12 +56Miscellaneous special-industry machinery.. 32*5 +19 +22* +2*9 +2*2 +29 +20

General industrial machinery. 535 420 +27 +2*8 +28 +17 +7Pumps and compressors............... 112 4I6 +28 +52 +31 +19 -1Elevators, escalators, and conveyors...... 77 +17 +23 +2*6 +228 +19 +157Mechanical power-transmission equipment

(except ball and roller bearings)...... 106 +22 +27 41*8 +218 +16 +11*6Miscellaneous general industrial machinery 22*0 23 +27 42*6 -23 -35

Comneroial and household machinery......... 279 4l (3/) (3/) -13 (3/) -10Miscellaneous machinery parts.............. 572 420 726 +3h +2*2 +9 +33Valves and fittings....................... 93 13 +16 +35 +132* +17 +102*Fabricated pipe and fittings......... . 35 42i* +22* +23 (h /) -1 (h /)Ball and roller bearings.......... ..... 52* +16 +29 +27 +27 -1 -2Machine shops, general.......... 390 +28 +32* +2*2* +96 +7 +2*1*

Electrical machinery....................... 938 +12* +16 +19 +22 2/ +3 2/ -3Electrical industrial apparatus...... 2*61 +21 +23 +31 +73 +8 +2*5Eleotrical appliances..... 62* -2 -3 -2 -32 +1 -30Insulated wire and oable.............. 39 +3 +5 +5 +8 +1 -3Electrical equipment for vehicles......... 39 +26 +22* +52 +2*93 +22 +32*7Eleotrio.lamps (bulbs)........ 32 +16 +12* 426 (V) +11 (h /)Communication equipment......... ......... 221 +8 +10 42 ^36 -5 -=klRadios and related products.............. 162 +1 +1 -3

(if)-3 -22*

Radio tubes............ ............... 16 +2*0 +32 +2*2* +8 (V)Miscellaneous communication equipment.... 2*3 +13 +21 4l -36 -16 3*5Miscellaneous electrical products.......... 82 +29 +26 4ll* -59 -10 -70Batteries.............................. 2*2* +32 +29 +13 -39 -12 -60Eleotrioal products, not elsewhere olassified....... 38 +25 +23 +12* (V) -6 (V)


30

Table B. Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury ratesfor 51905 identical reporting unius, 1950-51 Continued

Number of reporting units


Industry EmployeesEmployee-hoursworked

Disablinginjuries

Total time lost 1/

Injuryfrequency

rateSeverity rate 1/

MANIJFA CTT7RING ContinuedTransportation equipment..... 877 +20 +21 +24 +1 2/ +1 2/-9

1*32 +5 +3 +5 -11 +1 -12Motor vehicles, bodies, and trailers*.... 228 +5 +2 +9 -15 +7 -14Motor-vehicle parts and accessories...... 2QU +6 +5 +1 -3 r4 -5

Air craft and parts....... ...... ...... . 111 +55

31

Table B Changes in exposure, disabling injuries, and injury ratesfor 51#905 identical reporting units, 1950-51Continued


IndustryNumber of reporting units Employees

Employee-hoursworked

Disablinginjuries

Total time lost 1/

Injuryfrequency

rateSeverity rate 1/

NC3NMANTJFACTUR IN G ContinuedHeat, light,and power 5/****...... 531 +2 +2 -4- +4 7 +2

Electric light and power*** 339 +2 +3 -5 +4 7 +1180 +1 +1 -4 +4 -5 +2

144 -9 -7 -2 -23 +5 -172.691* -1 (3/) 42 -25 +2Dry cleaning*................... . 5U7 (5/) -1 -27 (V )

a^+3-25

Laundries.............. *..........*..... 480 (7/) +1 +12 +10 440Laundry with dry cleaning. *...... . 1*59 ~-l -1 +25 -21 +26 -21Amusements and related services..... 298 -9 -2 +18 +20 (4/)Hotels.. *.............. .............. 376 -1 (3/) -10 -10

$Medical and other professional services* 299 +3 ~+5 +52 (i*/) +45Miscellaneous personal services......... . 255 -3 -7 +76

32

Table C. Distribution of all reported injuries resulting in permanent-partialdisability, by part of body affected and by industry, 1951

Percent of permanent-partial disability cases involving the loss, or loss of use of

Industry TotalAn arm

A hand or

fingerA leg

A foot or

toesAn eye

One or both ears (hearing)

Other and unclassified

ManufacturingTotal, manufacturing 1/..................... 100 5 76 3 8 it (2/) 6Food and kindred products l/........ ....... 100 3 67 k 9 3 (2/) litMeat products,,......................... . 100 6 80 8 2 itCanning and preserving.................... 100 - 78 3 k 1 it 10Grain-mill products...................... 100 3 75 6 8 2 - 6Bakery products....................... .... 100 it 71 3 8 2 - 12Beverages........ ................ ...... 100 3 5k 5 12 3 - 23

Textile-mill products 1/.................... 100 8 75 3 9 2 3Cotton ya m and textiles.................. 100 9 80 k 5 1 1Woolen and worsted textiles............... 100 7 79 2 5 2 - 5Dyeing and finishing textiles............. 100 15 59 5 8 - - 13Carpets, rugs, and other floor coverings.... 100 9 70 2 16 1 - 2

Lumber and wood products (except furniture)l/. 100 5 69 6 6 5 (2/) 9Logging.................................. 100 12 28 12 12 10 .. 26Sawmills and planing mills 1/............. 100 it 67 7 8 5 1 8Sawmill 8............... 7..

bls_1137_1953.pdf

Documents

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