BLOOD Components of. Functions of the Blood The big function of the blood is to carry oxygen to the body's tissues. The blood also plays parts in fighting.

BLOODBLOODComponents Components

ofof

Functions of the BloodFunctions of the Blood

The big function of the blood is to The big function of the blood is to carry oxygen to the body's tissues. carry oxygen to the body's tissues.  The blood also plays parts in fighting  The blood also plays parts in fighting infection, temperature regulation, infection, temperature regulation, fluid and electrolyte balance, and fluid and electrolyte balance, and maintenance of optimal pH.maintenance of optimal pH.

Blood ComponentsBlood Components

The blood is made up of several The blood is made up of several different components and types of different components and types of cells.cells.

The stem cell for all blood cells is the The stem cell for all blood cells is the

hemocytoblasthemocytoblast..

Separating Blood Separating Blood ComponentsComponents

Place vials of blood in a centrifuge.Place vials of blood in a centrifuge. Centrifuge spins blood – heavier Centrifuge spins blood – heavier

components move to bottom of vials and components move to bottom of vials and lighter components remain on toplighter components remain on top

Composition of BloodComposition of Blood

PlasmaPlasma The liquid portion of the blood.  The liquid portion of the blood.   Made up mostly of water, but also contains Made up mostly of water, but also contains

nutrients, electrolytes, hormones and cellular nutrients, electrolytes, hormones and cellular wastes. wastes.

Plasma carries gases as well (oxygen, carbon Plasma carries gases as well (oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen).  dioxide and nitrogen).  

The plasma also contains three proteins which The plasma also contains three proteins which are made by the liver.  are made by the liver.  

AlbuminAlbumin is a large protein which exerts osmotic  is a large protein which exerts osmotic pressure that pulls fluid into the blood.  pressure that pulls fluid into the blood.  

GlobulinGlobulin transports lipid soluble vitamins (A, D, E  transports lipid soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) and has an antibody role.  and K) and has an antibody role.  

FibrinogenFibrinogen is a necessary protein in blood  is a necessary protein in blood coagulation. coagulation.

LeukocytesLeukocytes

a.k.a. White Blood Cells (WBC)a.k.a. White Blood Cells (WBC) There are five types.  There are five types.   White blood cells are divided into two White blood cells are divided into two

groups: Granulocytes and groups: Granulocytes and agranulocytes.  agranulocytes. 

GranulocytesGranulocytes have granules visible inside have granules visible inside the cell – little sacs containing enzymes, the cell – little sacs containing enzymes, compounds that digest microorganisms. . compounds that digest microorganisms. .

AgranulocytesAgranulocytes have no visible granules.   have no visible granules.  

Types of LeukocytesTypes of Leukocytes

Leukocytes are formed in the red bone Leukocytes are formed in the red bone marrow.  Agranulocytes undergo further marrow.  Agranulocytes undergo further development in the lymphatic tissue. development in the lymphatic tissue.

In order of most to least populous In order of most to least populous leukocytes: neutrophils, lymphocytes, leukocytes: neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils monocytes, eosinophils, basophils (Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas).  (Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas).  

NeutorphilsNeutorphils The most numerous of The most numerous of

the white blood cells, the white blood cells, normally making up normally making up about 65-70% of the about 65-70% of the total white blood cell total white blood cell count.  count.  

Neutrophils are granulo-Neutrophils are granulo-cytes whose granules do cytes whose granules do not pick up a not pick up a predominant color when predominant color when stained with Wright stain stained with Wright stain (Neutral).   (Neutral).  

Neutrophils fuction as Neutrophils fuction as phagocytesphagocytes

LymphocytesLymphocytes Make up 20-25% white Make up 20-25% white

blood cell count, and blood cell count, and are easily are easily distinguishable by the distinguishable by the large nucleus which large nucleus which takes up almost all of takes up almost all of the cell.  the cell.  

Lymphocytes are Lymphocytes are agranulo-cytesagranulo-cytes.  .  

Lymphocytes are Lymphocytes are involved in immune involved in immune responses (form responses (form anitbodies) and are anitbodies) and are further differentiated further differentiated into T-lympho-cytes and into T-lympho-cytes and B-lymphocytes. B-lymphocytes.

MonocytesMonocytes

Large cells with a Large cells with a kidney-shaped nucleus kidney-shaped nucleus that make up about 4-that make up about 4-8% of the total white 8% of the total white blood cell population.blood cell population.

Monocytes are Monocytes are agranulo-cytesagranulo-cytes.  .  

Monocytes function as Monocytes function as phagocytes, and phagocytes, and develop into develop into macrophages.   macrophages.  

EosinophilsEosinophils

GranulocytesGranulocytes that stain that stain red with Wright Stain.   red with Wright Stain.  

Nucleus looks like a Nucleus looks like a droopy figure 8.  droopy figure 8.  

Eosinophils are involved Eosinophils are involved in dissolving clots and in dissolving clots and also function in allergic also function in allergic reactions.  reactions.  

Make up 2-5% of white Make up 2-5% of white blood cells blood cells

BasophilsBasophils GranulocytesGranulocytes that stain blue that stain blue

with Wright Stain.  with Wright Stain.   Basophils make up the Basophils make up the

smallest portion of the total smallest portion of the total white blood cells - 0.5 - 1%. white blood cells - 0.5 - 1%.   

They release heparin and They release heparin and later develop into mast cells later develop into mast cells which are involved in the which are involved in the inflammatory response.  inflammatory response.  

Basophils also release Basophils also release serotonin. serotonin.

ThrombocytesThrombocytes

a.k.a. Plateletsa.k.a. Platelets Thrombocytes are Thrombocytes are

actually fragments actually fragments of cells.of cells.

  They are formed in They are formed in the red bone the red bone marrrow and live marrrow and live about 10 days.  about 10 days.  

Thrombocytes Thrombocytes function in clotting. function in clotting.

ErythrocytesErythrocytes

a.k.a. Red Blood Cells a.k.a. Red Blood Cells (RBC)(RBC)

biconcave disks that lack biconcave disks that lack a nucleusa nucleus

Each red blood cell Each red blood cell contains Hemoglobin contains Hemoglobin

The iron in the hemoglobin The iron in the hemoglobin molecule forms complexes molecule forms complexes with oxygen which allows with oxygen which allows the blood cell to transport the blood cell to transport the oxygen to the tissues. the oxygen to the tissues.

Erythrocytes live about 120 days before Erythrocytes live about 120 days before being destroyed in the liver and spleen.  being destroyed in the liver and spleen.  

The iron in the red blood cells is conserved The iron in the red blood cells is conserved and recycled.and recycled.

Formation:Formation:  Formed by a process called  Formed by a process called erythropoiesis.  erythropoiesis. 

Erythropoietin is a hormone released by the Erythropoietin is a hormone released by the kidneys and liver which stimulates the kidneys and liver which stimulates the differentiation of stem cells into proerythro-differentiation of stem cells into proerythro-blasts.  blasts.  

The formation of red blood cells take place The formation of red blood cells take place in the red bone marrow.  in the red bone marrow.  

This hormone release is controlled by a This hormone release is controlled by a negative feedback cycle driven by low negative feedback cycle driven by low oxygen concentrations (hypoxia). oxygen concentrations (hypoxia).

Comparing Blood CellsComparing Blood Cells

SpecificsSpecifics