Blood and Circulation guide - Infobase · VisualLearningCompany1-800-453-8481 Blood and Circulation Page 7 Introducing the Program Program Viewing Suggestions The student master “Video

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Teacher's Guide

Blood andCirculation

Editors:Brian A. Jerome, Ph.D.Stephanie Zak Jerome

Assistant Editors:Anneliese BrownLouise Marrier

Graphics:Fred Thodal

Lyndsey CanfieldDean Ladago

Page 2 1-800-453-8481Visual Learning CompanyBlood and Circulation

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Table of Contents2

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12

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18

19

20

21

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25

A Message from our Company

Viewing Clearances

Use and Copyright

National Standards Correlations

Student Learning Objectives

Assessment

Introducing the Program

Program Viewing Suggestions

Video Script

Answer Key to Student Assessments

Answer Key to Student Activities

Pre-Test

Post-Test

Video Review

Vocabulary

Writing Activity

The Amazing Heart

Your Changing Pulse Rate

What’s in Blood?


National Standards CorrelationsBenchmarks for Science Literacy(Project 2061 - AAAS)

National Science Education Standards(Content Standards: K-4, National Academy of Sciences)

Grades 3-5The Human Organism - Basic Functions (6C)By the end of fi fth grade, students should know that:

• To burn food for the release of energy stored in it, oxygen must be supplied to cells, and carbon dioxide removed. Lungs take in oxygen for the combustion of food and they eliminate the carbon dioxide produced. The urinary system disposes of dissolved waste molecules, the intestinal tract removes solid wastes, and the skin and lungs rid the body of heat energy. The circulatory system moves all these substances to or from cells where they are needed or produced, responding to changing demands.

The Human Organism - Physical Health (6E)By the end of fi fth grade, students should know that:

• From food, people obtain energy and materials for body repair and growth. The indigestible parts of food are eliminated.

• Eating a variety of healthful foods and getting enough exercise and rest help people to stay healthy.

• Tobacco, alcohol, other drugs, and certain poisons in the environment (pesticides, lead) can harm human beings and other living things.

• White blood cells engulf invaders or produce antibodies that attach them or mark them for killing by other white cells. The antibodies produced will remain and can fi ght off subsequent invaders of the same kind.

Science in Personal and Social Perspectives - Content Standard FAs a result of their activities in grades K-4, all students should develop an understanding of:

Personal Health• Individuals have some responsibility for their own health. Students should engage in personal care--dental hygiene, cleanliness, and exercise--that will maintain and improve health. Understandings include how communicable diseases, such as colds, are transmitted and some of the body’s defense mechanisms that prevent or overcome illness.

• Regular exercise is important to the maintenance and improvement of health. The benefi ts of physical fi tness include maintaining healthy weight, having energy and strength for routine activities, good muscle tone, bone strength, strong heart/lung systems, and improved mental health. Personal exercise, especially developing cardiovascular endurance, is the foundation of physical fi tness.


Student Learning ObjectivesUpon viewing the video and completing the enclosed student activities, students will be able to do the following:

• Identify the primary components of the cardiovascular system: blood, heart, and blood vessels.

• Describe some of the important jobs of the cardiovascular system, including transporting blood and nutrients to the body; removing wastes, such as carbon dioxide; and fi ghting infections.

• List the following components in blood and briefl y describe their function: plasma, white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

• Compare the structure and function of red and white blood cells.

• Explain the important role platelets play in the body.

• Understand that the heart is the body’s pump and circulates blood throughout the body.

• Understand that the heart not only pumps blood throughout the body, but also back and forth to the lungs. Blood is sent to the lungs, where it delivers waste gases and also picks up fresh oxygen, which is then delivered throughout the body.

• Explain the role blood vessels play in carrying blood throughout the body.

• List the three main types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries.

• Describe the functions of the different types of blood vessels.

• Differentiate between a stethoscope and a sphygmomanometer, and state the purpose of each instrument.

• List some things that can be done to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system, including: having a medical physical examination once a year, eating a well-balanced diet, exercising vigorously four to fi ve times a week, and avoiding substances that are harmful to the body.


The Post-Test can be utilized as an assessment tool following student completion of the program and student activities. The results of the Post-Test can be compared against the results of the Preliminary Test to assess student progress.

The Preliminary Test is an assessment tool designed to gain an understanding of students’ preexisting knowledge. It can also be used as a benchmark upon which to assess student progress based on the objectives stated on the previous pages.

Assessment

Preliminary Test (p. 14-15):

Video Review (p. 18):

Post-Test (p. 16-17):

The Video Review can be used as an assessment tool or as a student activity. There are two sections. The fi rst part contains questions displayed during the program. The second part consists of a fi ve-question video quiz to be answered at the end of the video.


Introducing the Program

Program Viewing SuggestionsThe student master “Video Review” (p. 18) is provided for distribution to students. You may choose to have your students complete this master while viewing the program or do so upon its conclusion.

The program is approximately 14 minutes in length and includes a fi ve-question video quiz. Answers are not provided to the Video Quiz in the video, but are included in this guide on page 12. You may choose to grade student quizzes as an assessment tool or to review the answers in class.

The video is content-rich with numerous vocabulary words. For this reason you may want to periodically stop the video to review and discuss new terminology and concepts.

Before showing the program to your students, demonstrate how to take a pulse. Show them how to place their index and middle fi ngers on the underside of their wrist in line with their thumb. Tell them to locate the rhythmic pulse. Have them count their pulses for 60 seconds. Now, show them how to fi nd their pulse in their neck in the carotid artery. Have them count their pulse for 60 seconds to determine their pulse rate.

Next, ask them what causes the pulse in the body. Have students make a fi st. Tell them that this is the approximate size of their heart. Explain that the heart is a muscle in the body responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. Have students work in small groups to answer the following questions:

• How does the structure of the heart muscle enable it to pump blood?• About how many times per minute does the heart pump?• How does the pumping of the heart muscle relate to pulse?• When you take your pulse, what are you actually feeling?• What makes up blood?

Review the answers to these questions when students have fi nished. Tell students to pay close attention to the video program to learn more complete answers to these questions.


Video Script 1. Have you ever exercised so hard that you could actually feel your heart beating? 2. Perhaps a doctor has listened to your heart... 3. ...or checked your blood pressure. 4. And you’ve probably had a cut that has bled. 5. All these things are related to blood and circulation in the body. 6. So, what exactly is blood? 7. What is it made of? 8. How is blood circulated? 9. And what other parts of the body are involved in circulation?10. During the next few minutes, we are going to answer these questions and others,...11. ...as we explore the fascinating features of blood and circulation in our body.12. Graphic Transition – The Body’s Transportation System13. You Predict! What will happen to the heart rates of these people after they run 100

meters?14. Their heart rates will increase.15. Why does this occur?16. As you exercise, your body needs more oxygen, which is an important gas.17. You breathe harder to get more oxygen from the air.18. The oxygen mixes with blood in your lungs and is then pumped throughout the

body.19. The cardiovascular system is made up of blood, the heart, and tubes called blood

vessels. One job of the cardiovascular system is to supply the body with certain things, such as oxygen.

20. Blood not only carries oxygen, but also nutrients, which are broken down from the food we eat.

21. Blood also transports wastes produced by cells in the body.22. Carbon dioxide is one of these wastes. It is a gas which we eventually breathe out.23. The cardiovascular system also helps fi ght disease and infection.24. These are just a few of the important jobs carried out by the cardiovascular system.25. Graphic Transition – What is Blood?26. Here is fi ve liters of water. This is about how much blood is in your body.27. At fi rst glance, blood looks like red water.28. But, if you look at blood under a microscope, you will see that there are many

different things in it. 29. The liquid part of blood is called plasma. It is made up mostly of water.30. But plasma also contains many important substances, including vitamins, minerals,

and nutrients, to name just a few. 31. The other parts of blood fl oat in the plasma.32. Red blood cells, for example, carry oxygen throughout the body.33. White blood cells are bigger but much less numerous than red blood cells.


Video Script34. White blood cells help fi ght infections and foreign invaders.35. Have you ever wondered why a cut you receive usually stops bleeding within a few

minutes?36. You can thank a substance in the blood called platelets for that. Platelets are

actually pieces of cells which help clot or stop bleeding. 37. Through a series of reactions, platelets help weave a net across a cut or injury.38. Graphic Transition – The Body’s Pump39. You Observe! Place your fi nger on your wrist, like this. What do you feel?40. You should feel a slight rhythmic bump or pulse.41. This is caused by blood fl owing through tubes in your arm.42. What causes blood to be pumped throughout your body?43. Your heart is the body’s pump. Every time it beats it sends blood throughout your

body. The heart beats constantly your entire life.44. The amount of blood it pumps everyday could fi ll several swimming pools! 45. The heart is actually a hollow muscle about the size of your fi st.46. It not only pumps blood throughout the body, but it also pumps blood back and forth

to the lungs.47. Blood sent to the lungs delivers waste gases, which the lungs breathe out.48. Once in the lungs, blood picks up fresh oxygen, which it then delivers throughout

the body. 49. Graphic Transition – Blood Vessels50. Within the body is a vast network of tubes called blood vessels.51. A blood vessel is a hollow tube that carries blood.52. Some blood vessels are so tiny they can only be seen with a microscope...53. ...and others are as big around as your fi nger.54. There are three main types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries.55. Arteries are blood vessels that take blood away from the heart.56. You Decide! Why do arteries have thick, elastic walls?57. That is so they can handle the large force of blood being pumped through them by

the heart.58. Blood in arteries is oxygen-rich, and that is because the blood has just come from

the lungs, where it picks up oxygen. 59. Veins carry blood toward the heart.60. Veins tend to have thinner walls.61. The blood in veins contains less oxygen than the blood in arteries. It also contains

waste gases, such as carbon dioxide. 62. Capillaries exchange materials, such as gases and nutrients, between blood and

other body tissues.63. Arteries, veins, and capillaries form a vast network of tubes in the body that, if joined

end to end, could wrap around the world at least two and a half times!


Video Script64. Graphic Transition – Monitoring the Cardiovascular System65. As you know, the cardiovascular system is one of the fi rst things a doctor checks

during an offi ce visit. 66. The doctor or physician’s assistant will check your pulse rate.67. The pulse rate is the number of times your heart beats per minute.68. An average pulse rate is generally between 60 and 100 beats per minute.69. This instrument, called a stethoscope, helps the medical professional to listen to

your heart. 70. You have also probably had your blood pressure measured with this instrument.71. Blood pressure is the force placed on the walls of the blood vessels by fl owing

blood.72. This device, called a sphygmomanometer, is used to measure blood pressure.73. It is suggested that you visit a physician once a year to have your cardiovascular

system and other body systems checked to make sure you are in good health.74. Graphic Transition – Caring for Your Cardiovascular System75. Besides seeing your physician once a year for a regular physical examination,...76. ...there are other important things that you can do to take care of your

cardiovascular system.77. First, never take up the habit of smoking.78. Smoking is a major cause of heart disease, high blood pressure, and different types

of cancer.79. Another thing you can do is to eat a healthy, well-balanced diet.80. If you are confused about how to eat a healthy, well-balanced diet, ask your doctor

or school nurse.81. Regular, vigorous exercise is important to maintain a healthy heart and blood

vessels.82. If you are physically able, exercise four to fi ve times a week by playing sports,

running, and just having fun.83. Last, avoid substances that are harmful to your body, such as alcohol and drugs.84. Graphic Transition – Summing Up85. During the past few minutes, we have explored the cardiovascular system. 86. We began by learning about the different functions of the cardiovascular system,

such as supplying the body with oxygen, removing waste produced by cells, and fi ghting off disease and infection.

87. We also learned about what makes up the cardiovascular system – blood, the heart, and blood vessels.

88. We showed you the four main parts of blood – plasma, platelets, and red and white blood cells.

89. We compared red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body, to white blood cells, which help fi ght infections.


Video Script90. We learned about the role and the composition of the heart.91. The function and structure of arteries, veins, and capillaries were described.92. Finally, we explored different ways to care for your cardiovascular system. 93. So the next time you cut your fi nger,…94. …breathe air out,…95. …or feel your heart beat,…96. ...think about some of the things we have discussed during the past few minutes. You might just think about blood and circulation a little differently.97. Graphic Transition – Video AssessmentFill in the correct word to complete the sentence. Good luck and let’s get started. 1. The cardiovascular system is made up of ______, the heart, and blood vessels. 2. The liquid part of blood is called ________.3. Red blood cells carry __________ throughout the body. 4. ___________ are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. 5. The _____ rate is the number of times your heart beats per minute.

Answers may be found on page 12.


Answer Key to Student AssessmentsPre-Test (p. 14-15) Post-Test (p. 16-17)

Video Review (p. 18)

1. b - cardiovascular system 2. a - oxygen and nutrients 3. d - plasma 4. c - fi ght infection 5. a - heart 6. b - lungs 7. d - blood vessels 8. c - pulse rate 9. c - capillaries10. d - smoke11. true12. true13. true14. true15. false16. The main components of the cardiovascular system are blood, the heart, and blood vessels.17. Functions of the cardiovascular system include supplying the body with things such as oxygen and nutrients; transporting wastes produced by cells; and helping to fi ght disease and infection.18. The job of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body. It also pumps blood back and forth to the lungs.19. The three main types of blood vessels are arteries, veins, and capillaries.20. The following are things that can be done to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system: see a physician once a year for a physical examination; don’t smoke; eat a healthy, well-balanced diet; exercise four to fi ve times a week; and avoid substances that are harmful to the body.

1. c - capillaries 2. d - blood vessels 3. a - heart 4. d - plasma 5. b - cardiovascular system 6. d - smoke 7. c - pulse rate 8. b - lungs 9. c - fi ght infection10. a - oxygen and nutrients11. true12. true13. false14. true15. true16. The job of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body. It also pumps blood back and forth to the lungs.17. The three main types of blood vessels are arteries, veins, and capillaries.18. The following are things that can be done to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system: see a physician once a year for a physical examination; don’t smoke; eat a healthy, well-balanced diet; exercise four to fi ve times a week; and avoid substances that are harmful to the body. 19. Functions of the cardiovascular system include supplying the body with things such as oxygen and nutrients; transporting wastes produced by cells; and helping to fi ght disease and infection. 20. The main components of the cardiovascular system are blood, the heart, and blood vessels.

1. Their heart rates will increase after they have run 100 meters.2. You feel a slight rhythmic bump or pulse caused by blood fl owing through tubes in your arms.3. Arteries have thick, elastic walls so they can handle the large force of blood being pumped through them by the heart.

1. The cardiovascular system is made up of blood, the heart, and blood vessels.2. The liquid part of blood is called plasma.3. Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body.4. Arteries are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.5. The pulse rate is the number of times your heart beats per minute.


Writing Activity (p. 20)

Vocabulary (p. 19 )

Answer Key to Student Activities

1. cardiovascular system2. carbon dioxide3. plasma4. red blood cells5. heart6. artery7. veins8. pulse rate9. sphygmomanometer10. smoking

The cardiovascular system is made up of blood, the heart, and blood vessels. Blood carries oxygen, nutrients, and other materials throughout the body. Blood is made up of a liquid called plasma and solid structures, such as red and white blood cells. Red blood cells transport oxygen throughout the body. White blood cells help fi ght infection. Blood is pumped throughout the body by an organ called the heart. The body has a vast network of tubes called blood vessels. There are three main types of blood vessels: arteries, veins, and capillaries. Blood fl ows through arteries in rhythmic bumps called a pulse. The pulse rate is the number of times the heart beats in one minute.

In Your Own Words (p. 20)1. Functions of the cardiovascular system include: supplying the body with oxygen and nutrients, transporting waste products produced by cells, and helping the body fi ght infection.2. Blood is made up of the following components: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.3. Things that can be done to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system include: eating a healthy, well-balanced diet; avoiding substances harmful to the body; not smoking; exercising four to fi ve times a week; and seeing a physician for a physical examination once a year.

The Amazing Heart (p. 21-22)1. aorta2. pulmonary artery3. pulmonary vein4. left atrium5. left ventricle6. septum7. inferior vena cava8. right ventricle9. right atrium10. valve11. superior vena cava

Your Changing Pulse Rate (p. 23-24)1. The main job of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body.2. The pulse rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute.3. The pulse rate increased as the amount of exercise increased.4. As you exercise, the body needs more oxygen, causing you to breathe harder. Because cells in the body demand more oxygen, the heart needs to pump faster to deliver it.

What’s in Blood? (p. 25)1. Plasma is the liquid part of blood. It carries particles that come from the breakdown of food as well as other important things the body needs. The water represents plasma in the blood mixture.2. The red beans represent red blood cells and the white lima bean represents a white blood cell.3. There are many more red beans than white beans because there are many more red blood cells than white blood cells in the blood.4. The crushed beans represent platelets in the blood mixture.5. Platelets play an important role in clotting blood when a cut or injury occurs.

Pre-Test

4. One job of white blood cells is to:

5. The organ that pumps blood throughout the body is the:

1. Blood, the heart, and blood vessels make up the:

2. One job of the cardiovascular system is to supply the body with:

3. The liquid part of blood is called:

Circle the best answer for each of the following questions.

6. The blood picks up fresh oxygen in the:

10. One of the worst things you can do for the cardiovascular system is to:

7. Veins and arteries are types of:

8. The number of times the heart beats per minute is the:

9. The smallest blood vessels are called:

a. digestive b. cardiovascular c. nervous d. endocrine system system system system

a. oxygen and b. gasoline and c. waste gases d. carbon dioxide nutrients benzene

a. water b. fl uid c. solution d. plasma

a. heart b. stomach c. brain d. liver

a. carry oxygen b. carry nutrients c. fi ght infection d. carry carbon dioxide

a. stomach b. lungs c. brain d. feet

a. cells b. nutrients c. muscles d. blood vessels

a. rhythm b. pattern c. pulse rate d. blood pressure

a. arteries b. veins c. capillaries d. tubes

a. exercise b. have a medical c. eat healthy d. smoke examination

Visual Learning Company

Page

14Blood and Circulation

Name

Write a short answer for each of the following.

Pre-Test

16. List the main components of the cardiovascular system.

17. State one job of the cardiovascular system.

18. What is the job of the heart?

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Write true or false next to each statement.

19. List the three main types of blood vessels.

20. Identify two things you can do to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system.

As you exercise, your body needs more oxygen.

We breathe out a waste gas called carbon dioxide.

Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body.

The heart is a hollow muscle about the size of your fi st.

Veins carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.


Page


Name

Circle the best answer for each of the following questions.

Post-Test

4. The liquid part of blood is called:

5. Blood, the heart, and blood vessels make up the:

1. The smallest blood vessels are called:

2. Veins and arteries are types of:

3. The organ that pumps blood throughout the body is the:

6. One of the worst things you can do for the cardiovascular system is to:

10. One job of the cardiovascular system is to supply the body with:

7. The number of times the heart beats per minute is the:

8. The blood picks up fresh oxygen in the:

9. One job of white blood cells is to:

a. arteries b. veins c. capillaries d. tubes

a. cells b. nutrients c. muscles d. blood vessels

a. heart b. stomach c. brain d. liver

a. water b. fl uid c. solution d. plasma

a. digestive b. cardiovascular c. nervous d. endocrine system system system system

a. exercise b. have a medical c. eat healthy d. smoke examination

a. rhythm b. pattern c. pulse rate d. blood pressure

a. stomach b. lungs c. brain d. feet

a. carry oxygen b. carry nutrients c. fi ght infection d. carry carbon dioxide

a. oxygen and b. gasoline and c. waste gases d. carbon dioxide nutrients benzene


Page


Name

Post-Test

Write a short answer for each of the following.

16. What is the job of the heart?

17. List the three main types of blood vessels.

18. Identify two things you can do to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

Write true or false next to each statement.

19. State one job of the cardiovascular system.

20. List the main components of the cardiovascular system.

Red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body.

The heart is a hollow muscle about the size of your fi st.

Veins carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.

We breathe out a waste gas called carbon dioxide.

As you exercise, your body needs more oxygen.


Page


Name

Video Review

After you watch the video, test your knowledge with these questions.

While you watch the video, answer these questions:

3. Why do arteries have thick, elastic walls?

2. Place your fi nger on your wrist, like this. What do you feel? You Observe!

1. What will happen to the heart rates of these people after they run 100 meters?

You Decide!

You Predict!

1. The cardiovascular system is made up of _________, the heart, and blood vessels.

2. The liquid part of blood is called ________.

3. Red blood cells carry ___________ throughout the body.

4. ____________ are blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart.

5. The __________ rate is the number of times your heart beats per minute.


Page


Name

VocabularyUse these words to fi ll in the blanks next to the sentences below.

1.

7.

2.

6.

8.

4.

5.

3.

9.

10.

Wo

rds

Consists of blood, the heart, and blood vessels.

A waste gas produced by the body that is exhaled.

Liquid part of the blood; made up mostly of water.

Responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.

Organ responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.

A hollow tube that carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart.

Hollow, thin-walled tubes that carry blood back to the heart.

The number of times the heart beats per minute.

An instrument used to measure blood pressure.

A major cause of heart disease, high blood pressure, and cancer.

plasma cardiovascular system

sphygmomanometer

smoking

pulse ratecarbon dioxide

red blood cells

heart artery

veins


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Name

2. List the parts of blood.

1. Describe two jobs of the cardiovascular system.

Use the correct word from above to complete the sentences in the following paragraph.

Writing Activity

In Your Own Words

3. Explain two things you can do to maintain a healthy cardiovascular system.

The ____________________ system is made up of blood, the heart, and blood vessels. Blood

carries ________________, nutrients, and other materials throughout the body. Blood is made

up of a liquid called ________________ and solid structures, such as red and white blood

_____________. Red blood cells transport oxygen throughout the body. White blood cells

help fi ght _________________. Blood is pumped throughout the body by an organ called the

___________. The body has a vast network of tubes called blood ___________ . There are

three main types of blood vessels: ________________, veins, and capillaries. Blood fl ows

through arteries in rhythmic bumps called a ____________. The pulse _____________ is the

number of times the heart beats in one minute.

Wo

rds

cardiovascular

heart plasma arteriesrate

vessels infection cellsoxygen

pulse


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Name

The Amazing HeartActivity: Read the information below. Label the diagram of the heart on the next page.

Blood enters the heart from the upper and lower body. The superior vena cava is the vein that carries blood from the upper body into the heart. The inferior vena cava is the vein that carries blood from the lower body into the heart. The vena cavas carry blood into the right atrium, which is the fi rst of the four chambers. Blood from the right atrium is pumped through one-way valves and then into the chamber below, called the right ventricle. The blood needs to pick up oxygen at this point, so it must travel to the lungs. Blood from the right ventricle travels through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Here the blood picks up oxygen and gives off carbon dioxide. Now that the blood is oxygenated, it travels back into the heart via the pulmonary vein. The pulmonary vein transports the blood from the lungs into the left side of the heart. First, it goes into the top chamber, called the left atrium. The blood is then pumped through a one-way valve into the lower chamber, called the left ventricle. The blood leaves the heart through the body’s largest artery, called the aorta. From here, blood travels throughout the rest of the body.

Your heart is about the size of a fi st. It is a thick and hollow organ made up of muscle. The heart is separated into four different chambers - two on the right side and two on the left side. The top chambers are called atria. The bottom chambers are called ventricles. The right and left sides of the heart are separated by a wall of muscle called the septum. There are two main types of blood vessels that transport materials to and from the heart. Blood travels into the heart through veins and out of the heart through arteries.

Background: The heart is one of the most amazing and important organs in our bodies. It is constantly at work throughout your entire life. It is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body and is the main organ of the cardiovascular system. The cardiovascular system is also made up of blood and blood vessels. This system has many important jobs, such as supplying the body with oxygen and nutrients, and transporting wastes, such as carbon dioxide, out of the body. It also helps fi ght disease and infection.


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Name

The Amazing Heart

superior vena cava right atrium right ventricle aorta

inferior vena cava left atrium valve left ventricle

septum pulmonary artery pulmonary vein

1.

5.

2.

8.

9.

4.

7.

6.

3.

10.

11.

Directions: Use the words above to label the diagram of the heart. When you are labeling left and right, remember that what appears on the left side of this diagram is actually the right side of the patient’s heart.


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Name

Your Changing Pulse Rate

6. You will now see how more vigorous exercise affects your pulse rate. Have your partner run in place for two minutes. After running in place for two minutes, take his/her pulse rate for 60 seconds. Write his/her pulse rate in the blank next to “running.” Next, you need to run in place for two minutes. Then have your partner take your pulse for 60 seconds. Record your pulse in the chart.

Background: Your heart is an extremely important organ. It has contracted millions of times since you were born. In fact, it is beating at this very moment while you are reading these words. What is the primary job of the heart? The main job of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body. The heart is an amazing, tireless muscle. In fact, if you were to measure the amount of blood the heart pumps in a day, the blood could fi ll an entire train car!

Even though the heart is always at work, the amount of work it carries out varies. One simple way to measure the activity of the heart is to measure your pulse rate. The pulse rate is the number of times the heart beats per minute. Your pulse rate changes many times throughout the course of the day. Many factors infl uence pulse rate. Resting, sitting up, lying down, and exercising all have different effects on the pulse rate. In this activity you will explore how your pulse rate changes with different activities.

Materials: watch with a second hand or stopwatch; Data Chart

Directions:

1. You will work in pairs. Before you start the activity, you and your partner need to learn how to take each other’s pulse. Have one person sit down next to a table. Have him/her place his/her arm on the table in a relaxed position, palm side up. Gently place your middle and pointer fi nger on the inside top of the wrist. Look at the drawing to get an idea of how to do this. Move your fi nger until you feel a pulse.

2. Obtain a watch with a second hand or a stopwatch.

3. Have your partner time you when you count the pulse. Count the number of pulses for 60 seconds. Write the pulse rate in the chart in the blank space next to “sitting.” Next, have your partner take your pulse rate for 60 seconds.

5. You will now see how moderate exercise affects pulse rate. Have your partner walk in place by lifting their knees for one minute. After walking in place for one minute, take their pulse for 60 seconds. Write their pulse rate in the blank space next to “walking.” Next, you need to walk in place for one minute. Then have your partner take your pulse for 60 seconds. Record your pulse in the chart.

4. Now you will take the pulse rate of your partner while he/she is standing. Have your partner stand for one minute before taking their pulse. Count the pulse for 60 seconds. Write the pulse rate in the space in the chart next to “standing.” Have your partner take your pulse rate while you are standing.

7. Answer the questions below the chart.


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Your Changing Pulse Rate cont.Data Chart

Sitting

Standing

Walking

Running

Partner #1 Pulse (60 seconds) Partner #2 Pulse (60 seconds)

Questions:

1. What is the main job of the heart?

2. What is pulse rate?

3. What caused your pulse rate to increase?

4. Why does the heart beat faster when you run?


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What’s in Blood?Background: Have you ever had vegetable soup for lunch? There are many different things in vegetable soup. The liquid part, sometimes called broth, is thin and watery. Vegetable soup also includes different kinds of solid vegetables, such as carrots, potatoes, and peas. Your blood is kind of like vegetable soup. For example, your blood is not the same throughout. The blood contains a liquid part, as well as solids.

There are four main components of blood: plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. The liquid part of blood is called plasma. About 90% of plasma is made up of water. Plasma carries particles that come from the breakdown of food as well as other important things the body needs. Floating in the plasma are the three other components of blood. Red blood cells, the most abundant cells in blood, supply the body with oxygen. White blood cells are the body’s disease fi ghters. They are bigger than red blood cells but there are fewer of them There is only about one white blood cell for every 500 to 1,000 red blood cells. Drifting in the plasma are small platelets. Platelets are fragments, or pieces, of cells that play an important role in clotting blood when you have a cut or injury. In this activity, you will create a blood-like mixture using some simple ingredients.

Materials: Water, red beans, large white lima beans, crushed beans, 1000 ml. container, spoon or glass stirring rod.

Directions:

1. Obtain a 1000 ml. container. Fill it with about 600 ml. water. Add a couple drops of juice or a few crumbs of food. Stir.

2. Count out about 50 red beans. Pour these into the container. Stir.

3. Add one large white lima bean. Stir.

4. Next, add a few pinches of crushed beans. Stir.

Questions:

1. What is plasma? What represents plasma in your blood mixture?

2. What represents red and white blood cells in the blood mixture?

3. Why are there so many more red beans than white lima beans?

4. What do the crushed beans represent?

5. What is the role of platelets?


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Blood and Circulation guide - Infobase · VisualLearningCompany1-800-453-8481 Blood and Circulation Page 7 Introducing the Program Program Viewing Suggestions The student master “Video

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