Exciter AC7B and ESAC7B C E R sT + 1 1 Σ Σ REF V S V UEL V + − + Σ 1 E sT E K D K π ( ) EX N F fI = C FD N E KI I V = ( ) X E E E V VS V = + − + − + + + + FE V X V E V EX F FD I FD E Σ Σ Exciter AC7B and ESAC7B IEEE 421.5 2005 Type AC7B Excitation System Model 1 IR DR PR DR K sK K s sT + + + L FE -K V + C V AC7B supported by PSSE ESAC7B supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier RMAX V FEMAX D FD E E E V -K I K +S (V ) π IA PA K K s + AMAX V A V Σ 2 F K 1 F K + + 3 1 F F sK sT + − P T KV EMIN V AMIN V RMIN V N I E t IR DR A 1 - V 2 - Sensed V 3 - K 4 - K 5 - V 6 - Feedback States 1 2 3 4 5 6 Speed 1 0 Spdmlt
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Transcript
Exciter AC7B and ESAC7B
CE
RsT+11
Σ Σ
REFV
SV
UELV
+
−
+
Σ1
EsT
EK
DK
π
( )EX NF f I=
C FDN
E
K IIV
=
( )X E E EV V S V=
+
−
+
−
+
++
+
FEV
XV
EV
EXF
FDI
FDE
Σ Σ
Exciter AC7B and ESAC7B IEEE 421.5 2005 Type AC7B Excitation System Model
1IR DR
PRDR
K sKKs sT
+ ++
L FE-K V
+
CV
AC7B supported by PSSEESAC7B supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
RMAXVFEMAX D FD
E E E
V -K IK +S (V )
πIAPA
KKs
+
AMAXV
AV
Σ 2FK
1FK
+
+
3
1F
F
sKsT+
−
P TK V
EM INVAM INVRM INV
NI
E
t
IR
DR
A
1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - K4 - K5 - V6 - Feedback
States
12
3 4
5
6
Speed
10
Spdmlt
Exciter AC8B
RsT+11
Σ 1A
A
KsT+
RMAXV
RMINV
REFV SV
+−
+
+
Exciter AC8B IEEE 421.5 2005 AC8B Excitation System
RVΣ
Model supported by PSSE
COMPV
1
EsT
( )E E EK S V+
DK
( )EX NF f I=
C FDN
E
K IIV
=
−
+
+
EXF
FDI
FDE
Σ
NI
Σ π
FEV
52
E
t
R
1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - PID 14 - PID 25 - V
States
3
1
4
FEMAX D FD
E E E
V -K IK +S (V )
EM INV
1IR DR
PRDR
K sKKs sT
+ ++
++
+
UELV OELV
PIDMAXV
PIDMINV
Exciter BPA_EA
TV
RsT+11
1
11 AsT+Σ
REFV
+
−+
Σ1
EsT
E ES K+
+
−
Exciter BPA_EA Continuously Acting DC Rotating Excitation System Model
1A
A
KsT+
1F
F
sKsT+
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
STBV
FDE
Σ−
+
RMAXV
RMINV
RegulatorExciter
Filter
Stabilizer
FD
t
R
R1
F
1 - E2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V
States
3 4
5
12
Exciter BPA EB
RsT+11
1
11 AsT+Σ
REFV
+
−+
Σ1
EsT
E ES K+
+
−
Exciter BPA EB Westinghouse Pre-1967 Brushless Excitation System Model
1A
A
KsT+
1F
F
sKsT+
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
STBV
FDEΣ
−
+
RMAXV
RMINV
Regulator Exciter
Filter
Stabilizer
1
11 FsT+
FD MAXE
FD MINE 0=
TV
FD
t
R
R1
F
F1
1 - E before limit2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 - V
States
3 4
5
12
6
Exciter BPA EC
1
11 AsT+Σ
REFV
+
−
+
Σ1
EsT
E ES K+
+
−
Exciter BPA EC Westinghouse Brushless Since 1966 Excitation System Model
1A
A
KsT+
1F
F
sKsT+
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
STBV
FDEΣ−
+
RMAXV
RMINV
Regulator Exciter
Stabilizer
FD MAXE
FD MINE 0=
E ES K+
TV3
4
12
FD
R
R1
F
1 - E before limit2 - V3 - V4 - V
States
Exciter BPA ED
Exciter BPA ED SCPT Excitation System Model
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
RsT+11
Σ
REFV
SV
+
−+
Σ1
EsT+
+
FDE
RVΣ−
+
20.78
If 1, 0
FD
THEV
B
IAV
A V
⎛ ⎞⋅= ⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠> =
1F
F
sKsT+
0
BMAXV
BV
THEV P T I TV K V jK I= +
1 A−FDI
Σ+
−
EK
π
1A
A
KsT+
RMAXV
RMINV
1
11 AsT+
Stabilizer
Regulator Exciter
'TV
TV
TITHEVV
3 4
5
12
t
A
R
1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - Feedback
States
Exciter BPA EE
'TV
REFV
−
+
Σ1
EsT
E ES K+
+
−
Exciter BPA EE Non-Continuously Active Rheostatic Excitation System Model
'
1A
RH
KsT
∗
+
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
FDE+
RMAXV
RMINV
Regulator Exciter
FD MAXE
FD MINE
Σ
If:, , ,
T V R RMAX
T V R RH
T V R RMIN
V K V VV K V VV K V V
Δ ≥ =
Δ < =
Δ ≤− =
RV
'TV
'TOV
−
+
Σ TVΔ
RHV
RH'
* NOTE:If the time constant T is equal to
zero, this block is represented as K /sA
1
2
RH
1 - EField before limit2 - V
States
Exciter BPA EF
Σ
REFV
+
−
+
Σ1
EsT
E ES K+
+
−
Exciter BPA EF Westinghouse Continuous Acting Brushless Rotating Alternator
Excitation System Model
1F
F
sKsT+
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
SOV
FDEΣ−
+
RMAXV
RMINV
Regulator Exciter
Stabilizer
FD MAXE
FD MINE 0=
E ES K+
( )TV
T 0R =
(1 )A AK sTs+
3
12
R
F
1 - EField before limit2 - V3 - V
States
Exciter BPA EG
Exciter BPA EG SCR Equivalent Excitation System Model
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
Σ
REFV
SOV
+
−
+
FDE
RVΣ−
+
1F
F
sKsT+
1A
A
KsT+
RMAXV
RMINV
1
11 AsT+
Stabilizer
Regulator
TV
3
12
A
F
1 - EField2 - V3 - V
States
Exciter BPA EJ
1
11 AsT+
REFV
+
+
Exciter BPA EJ Westinghouse Static Grand Couple PP#3 Excitation System Model
1A
A
KsT+
1F
F
sKsT+
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
'TV
FDEΣ
−
+
RMAXV
RMINV
Regulator
Stabilizer
FD MAXE
FD MINE
SOV
11 RsT+ − Σ
Filter
π3
4
12
t
R
F
1 - EField before limit2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V
States
Exciter BPA EK
1
11 AsT+Σ
REFV
+
−
+
Σ1
EsT
E ES K+
+
−
Exciter BPA EK General Electric Alterrex Excitation System Model
1A
A
KsT+
1F
F
sKsT+
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
SOV
FDEΣ−
+
RMAXV
RMINV
Regulator Exciter
Stabilizer
FD MAXE
FD MINE 0=
T
R
V(T =0)
3
4
12
R
R1
F
1 - EField before limit2 - V3 - V4 - V
States
Exciter BPA FA
Exciter BPA FA WSCC Type A (DC1) Excitation System Model
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
FV
SV
1
EsTFDE
−
+
1F
F
sKsT+
VR( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV
TI Σ+
−
E ES K+
11
C
B
sTsT
++
RMAXV
RMINV
1A
A
KsT+
ERRV +
FEV
RsT+11CV
Σ
REFV
−
+
Σ3
4
5
1
2
t
B
R
F
1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V
States
Exciter BPA FB
Exciter BPA FB WSCC Type B (DC2) Excitation System Model
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
FV
SV
1
EsTFDE
−
+
1F
F
sKsT+
VR( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV
TI Σ+
−
E ES K+
11
C
B
sTsT
++
T RMAXV V
T RMINV V
1A
A
KsT+
ERRV +
FEV
RsT+11CV
Σ
REFV
−
+
Σ3
4
5
1
2
t
B
R
F
1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V
States
Exciter BPA FC
1A
A
KsT+
RMAXV
RMINV
1F
F
sKsT+
0
SV
+Σ
FV
1
EsT
EK
DK
( )EX NF f I=
C FDN
E
K IIV
=
+
−−
+
+
FEV
RVEV
EXF
FDI
FDE
Σ
NI
( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV
TI
ERRV
RsT+11CV
REFV
−
+
Exciter BPA FC WSCC Type C (AC1) Excitation System Model
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
π11
C
B
sTsT
++
Σ
Σ+
34
5
1
2
E
t
R
LL
F
1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V
States
Exciter BPA FD
1A
A
KsT+
RMAXV
RMINVSV
+
+Σ
1
EsT
EK
+
−
FDE
Exciter BPA FD WSCC Type D (ST2) Excitation System Model
1F
F
sKsT+
FV 0
π
+
BV
E P T I TV K V jK I= +TV
TI
( )EX NF f I=C FDN
E
K IIV
=FDI NI EXF
MAXEFD
+−
EV If 0. and 0., 1.P I BK K V= = =
RV
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV
TI
ERRV
RsT+11CV
REFV
−
+
Σ
Σ
Σ3
4
1
2
t
R
F
1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V
States
Exciter BPA FE
Exciter BPA FE WSCC Type E (DC3) Excitation System Model
ERRV RMAX RMIN
V RH
V VsK T
−
RMAXV
RMINV
If , If , If ,
ERR V R RMAX
ERR V R RH
ERR V R RMIN
V K V VV K V VV K V V
≥ =
< =
≤− =
RHV
VK−
VK
Σ1
EsT
E EK S+
FDE+
−RV
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV
TI RsT+11CV
REFV
−
+
Σ
FEV
3
1
2
t
RH
1 - EField before limit2 - Sensed V3 - V
States
Exciter BPA FF
11
C
B
sTsT
++
SV
+
Σ1
EsT
E EK S+
DK
π
( )EX NF f I=
C FDN
E
K IIV
=
+
−
+
+
FEV
RVEV
EXF
FDI
FDE
Σ
Exciter BPA FF WSCC Type F (AC2) Excitation System Model
1A
A
KsT+
AMAXV
AMINV
1F
F
sKsT+
0−
FV LV
LVGateΣ
AV
+
RMINV
RMAXV
BK
LK
HK
Σ −
+
LRVHV
NI
−
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV
TI RsT+11CV
REFV
−
+
Σ
ERRV
Σ+ 34
5
1
2
E
t
A
LL
F
1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V
States
Exciter BPA FG
1A
A
KsT+
Exciter BPA FG WSCC Type G (AC4) Excitation System Model
11
C
B
sTsT
++
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
FDE+
IMIMV
IMAXV
( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV
TI RsT+11CV
REFV
−
+
Σ
VS
ERRV
ΣRMIN C FD(V K I )−
RMAX C FD(V K I )−
+
3 1
2
t
LL
1 - EField before limit2 - Sensed V3 - V
States
Exciter BPA FH
11
C
B
sTsT
++
SV+
Σ1
EsT
E EK S+
DK
π
( )EX NF f I=
C FDN
E
K IIV
=
+
−
+
+
FEV
RVEV
EXF
FDI
Σ
Exciter BPA FH WSCC Type H (AC3) Excitation System Model
1A
A
KsT+
AMAXV
AMINV
1 F
ssT+
0−
FV
+AV
RK
NI
HVGate π
LVK −
+
LVV
Σ
EFD
NV
FK
NK
FDNE
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
FDE
( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV
TI RsT+11CV
REFV
−
+
ERRV
Σ
Σ34
5
1
2
E
t
A
LL
F
1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V
States
Exciter BPA FH
11
C
B
sTsT
++
SV+
Σ1
EsT
E EK S+
DK
π
( )EX NF f I=
C FDN
E
K IIV
=
+
−
+
+
FEV
RVEV
EXF
FDI
Σ
Exciter BPA FH WSCC Type H Excitation System Model
1A
A
KsT+
AMAXV
AMINV
1 F
ssT+
EMINV−
FV
+AV
RK
NI
π
EFD
NV
FK
NK
FDNE
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
FDE
( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV
TI RsT+11CV
REFV
−
+
ERRV
Σ
Σ34
5
1
2
E
t
A
LL
F
1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V
States
Exciter BPA FJ
1A
A
KsT+
Exciter BPA FJ WSCC Type J Excitation System Model
11
C
B
sTsT
++
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
FDE+
RMAXV
RMINV
( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV
TI RsT+11CV
REFV
−
+
Σ
SV
ERRV
T FDMAX C FD(V E K I )−
+
1F
F
sKsT+
T FDMIN C FD(V E K I )−
Σ−
FV
3
4
1
2
t
LL
F
1 - EField before limit2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V
States
Exciter BPA FK
1A
A
KsT+
Exciter BPA FK WSCC Type K (ST1) Excitation System Model
11
C
B
sTsT
++
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
FDE+
( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV
TI RsT+11CV
REFV
−
+
Σ
VS
ERRV
T RMAX C FD(V V K I )−
+
1F
F
sKsT+
T RMIN C FD(V V K I )−
Σ−
IMIMV
IMAXV
FV
3
4
1
2
t
LL
F
1 - EField before limit2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V
States
Exciter BPA FL
SV
REFV
+
+
+Σ+
FDE
Exciter BPA FL WSCC Type L (ST3) Excitation System Model
IMINV
IMAXV
J1K1
C
B
sTsT
++
−
GV
AV
GK
1A
A
KsT+
RMAXV
RMINV
RVπ
π( )PE T I P L TV K V j K K X I= + +TV
TI
( )EX NF f I=C FDN
E
K IIV
=FDI NI EXF
EV
BV
FDMAXE
GMAXV
jP PK K e pθ=
( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV
TI RsT+11CV
REFV
−
+
ERRV
Σ
Σ
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
3 1
2
M
t
LL
1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V
States
Exciter BPA FM through BPA FV
Exciter BPA FM through BPA FV
No block diagrams have been created
Exciter DC4B
RsT+11
UEL(UEL=1)
V
REFV
+−+
FDE
Exciter DC4B IEEE 421.5 2005 DC4B Excitation System Model
1A
A
KsT+
T RMAXV V
T RMINV V
1F
F
sKsT+
−
OEL(OEL=2)
V
HVGate
LVGate
Alternate UEL Inputs
Alternate OEL InputsOEL
(OEL=1)
V
+
Model supported by PSSEModel supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier
Exciter URST5T IEEE Proposed Type ST5B Excitation System Model
UELV
HVGate
OELV
LVGate Σ
−
1
1
11
C
B
sTsT
++
RMAX RV /K
RMIN RV /K
2
2
11
C
B
sTsT
++
RMAX RV /K
RMIN RV /K
RMAXV
RMINV1
11 sT+
RMAX TV V
RMIN TV V
RK +
Model supported by PSSE
3 4 12
R
t
1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - LL14 - LL2
States
Exciter WT2E1
−
+
Exciter WT2E1 Rotor Resistance Control Model for Type 2 Wind Generator
elecP
MAXR
MINR
Model supported by PSSE
external
elec
1 - R2 - Speed3 - P
States
11 SPsT+
11 PCsT+
Σ1
PI
KsT
+
Speed
Power-Slip Curve
1
2
3
Exciter WT3E and WT3E1
Exciter WT3E and WT3E1 Electrical Control for Type 3 Wind Generator
∑
MAX wrat MIN wrat FV C
QCMD QMAX QMIN
WT3E supported by PSLF with RP P and RP -P , T TWT3E1 supported by PSSE uses vltflg to determine the limits on E . When vltflg > 0 Simulator always uses XI and XI .
= = =
+− 1
1 FVsT+
RFQV
11 PsT+
elecP
1
Nf
1PV
V
KsT+
+
∑RsT+1
1
IVKs
M INQ
M AXQ
π
tanFAREFP
REFQ
1
0
1−
Reactive Power Control Model
M INQ
M AXQ
varflg
−elecQ
QIKs
MINV
+−
∑REFV
QVKs
QMAXXI
QMINXI
QCMDE
CV
3
4
5
1 2
ref ORD
qppcmd Meas
PV
regMeas
IV ORD
1 - V 6 - Q2 - E 7 - P
3 - K 8 - PowerFilter4 - V 9 - SpeedPI
5 - K 10 - P
States
6
7
MAXV TERMVvltflg
+
0
0>
20( 20%, )PP ω=
100( 100%, )PP ω=
40( 40%, )PP ω=60( 60%, )PP ω=
( , )MIN PMINP ω
Speed
P
Active Power (Torque) Control Model
elecP1
1 PWRsT+∑ IP
PPKKs
+ π ∑1
FPsT ÷
M INRP
M AXRP PMAXIMAXP
MINP
1098
Speed Speed
−
++
−
TERMV
PCMDI
∑
+
Exciter WT4E1
Exciter WT4E1 Electrical Control for Type 4 Wind Generator
Model supported by PSSE but not yet implemented in Simulator
∑+
− 11 FVsT+
RFQV
11 PsT+
elecP
1PV
V
KsT+
+
∑1
1 RVsT+
IVKs
M INQ
M AXQ
π
tanFAREFP
10
M INQ
M AXQ
varflg
−elecQ
QIKs
MINCLV
+
−∑ VIK
s
QMAXI
QMINI
QCMDI
CV
MAXCLV
TERMV
+
elecP ∑ ÷PMAXI
−+
+
−
TERMV
PCMDI
∑
+
pfaflg
REFQ
01
ORDP
Converter Current Limitpqflag
∑
−
0.01
11 PWRsT+
IPPP
KKs
+
1F
F
sKsT+
REFP
MINdP
MAXdP
Machine Model CSVGN1
Model supported by PSSE
Σ−
Machine Model CSVGN1 Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN1
+
5
11 sT+
1.
/MINR RBASE
Other SignalsVOTHSG
REFV−
V ( ) ( )( )( )
1 2
3 4
1 11 1
K sT sTsT sT+ ++ +
MAXV
MINV
π+
−
/BASEC SBASE
YΣ
/MBASE SBASE
RBASE MBASE= is the voltage magnitude on the high side of generator step-up transformer if present.VNote :
Machine Model CSVGN3
Model supported by PSSE
Σ−
Machine Model CSVGN3 Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN3
+
5
11 sT+
1.
π+
−
/MINR RBASE
Other SignalsVOTHSG
REFV−
/BASEC SBASE
YERRV
V ( ) ( )( )( )
1 2
3 4
1 11 1
K sT sTsT sT+ ++ +
MAXV
MINV
1, if / if
ERR OV
ERR OV
V VRMIN RBASE V V
>
<−
Σ
/MBASE SBASE
RBASE MBASE= is the voltage magnitude on the high side of generator step-up transformer if present.VNote :
Machine Model CSVGN4
Model supported by PSSE
Σ−
Machine Model CSVGN4 Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN4
+
5
11 sT+
1.
π+
−
/MINR RBASE
Other SignalsVOTHSG
REFV−
/BASEC SBASE
YERRV
IBV ( ) ( )( )( )
1 2
3 4
1 11 1
K sT sTsT sT+ ++ +
MAXV
MINV
1, if / if
ERR OV
ERR OV
V VRMIN RBASE V V
>
<−
Σ
/MBASE SBASE
RBASE MBASE=
Machine Model CSVGN5
Model supported by PSSE
Machine Model CSVGN5 Static Var Compensator CSVGN5
−
6
11 sT+
MAXB
MINB
( )VREF I
+VOLT(IBUS)
VOLT(ICON(M ))or
EMAXV
EMAXV−
+
1
11 ssT+ Σ
+
( )VOTHSG I
Σ 2
3
11
S
S
sTsT
++
4
5
11
S
S
sTsT
++ SVSK
( )MBASE ISBASE ( )VAR L
( )' '
'
' '
If :If :
If :
ERR LO R MAX SD ERR
HI ERR LO R R
ERR HI R MIN
V DV B B K V DVDV V DV B B
V DV B B
> = + −< < =< =
ERRV RB
Fast Override
Thyristor Delay
'
'
If 0, /
/LO MAX SVS
HI MIN SVS
DVDV B K
DV B K
=
=
=
If 0,
LO
HI
DVDV DVDV DV
>==−
Filter
Regulator1st Stage 2nd Stage64444744448
'R
B SVSB
Machine Model CSVGN6
Model supported by PSSE
Machine Model CSVGN6 Static Var Compensator CSVGN6
−
6
11 sT+
MAXB
MINB
VREF
+VOLT(IBUS)
VOLT(ICON(M ))or
+
1
11 ssT+ Σ
+
OtherSignals
( )VOTHSG I
Σ 2
3
11
S
S
sTsT
++
4
5
11
S
S
sTsT
++ SVSK
( )' '
'
' '
If :If :
If :
ERR LO R MAX SD ERR
HI ERR LO R R
ERR HI R MIN
V DV B B K V DVDV V DV B B
V DV B B
> = + −< < =< =
ERRV RB
Fast Override
Thyristor Delay
'
'
If 0, /
/LO MAX SVS
HI MIN SVS
DVDV B K
DV B K
=
=
=
If 0,
LO
HI
DVDV DVDV DV
>==−
Filter
'R
B SVSB
MAXV
MINV
EMAXV
EMINV
++
Σ
Position 1 is normal (open)If 2, switch willclose after cycles.
ERRV DVTDELAY
>
1 2
BIAS
BSHUNT
+
RB
Machine Model GENCC
fdE+
−
Machine Model GENCC Generator represented by uniform inductance ratios rotor
modeling to match WSCC type F
−
+
−
'
1
dosT
'
' ''d d
d d
X XX X
−−
Model supported by PSLF
''
'd d
d d
X XX X
−−
' ''d dX X−
'qE '
qE''
1
dosTΣ
di
1EeS
q
d
XX
q axis
d axis
−Σ
π
Machine Model GENCLS
Machine Model GENCLS Synchronous machine represented by “classical” modeling or
Thevenin Voltage Source to play Back known voltage/frequency signal
Model supported by PSLF
R ecordedV oltage
R espondingS ystem0.03
on 100 M V A baseabZ =
A B
gencls
R espondingS ystem
ppdI
B
R espondingS ystem0.03
on 100 M V A baseabZ =
A Bgencls
ppdI
Machine Model GENROU
fdE+
Machine Model GENROU Solid Rotor Generator represented by equal mutual
inductance rotor modeling
+
+'
1
dosT
''
'd l
d l
X XX X
−−
Model supported by PSLF
''dP
di
−
fdP
' ''
'd d
d l
X XX X
−− Σ
'd lX X−
+ ''
1
d os T−
ΣkdP−
+
+
+
'd dX X−
Σ
''dP
+
+
Σ
''P
''
( )q l
qd l
X XP
X X−
−
eS
Σ
' ''
'( ) * *2d d
d l
X XX X
−−
d AXIS−
ad fdL i
*** , q AXIS identical swapping d and q substripts−
Machine Model GENSAL
fdE+
Machine Model GENSAL Salient Pole Generator represented by equal mutual
inductance rotor modeling
+
+'
1
dosT
''
'd l
d l
X XX X
−−
Model supported by PSLF
''dP
di
−
fdP ' ''
'd d
d l
X XX X
−− Σ
'd lX X−
+ ''
1
d os T−
ΣkdP−
++
+
'd dX X−
Σ
+
+
Σ
' ''
'( ) * *2d d
d l
X XX X
−−
d AXIS−
ad fdL iΣ
''
1
q os T−
Σ kdP−
''q qX X−
''qP
qiq AXIS−
e fdS P
Machine Model GENTPF
fdE+
−
Machine Model GENTPF Generator represented by uniform inductance ratios rotor
modeling to match WSCC type F
−
+
−
'
1
dosT
'
' ''d d
d d
X XX X
−−
Model supported by PSLF
''
' ''d d
d d
X XX X
−−
' ''d dX X−
'qE '
qE''
1
dosT
di
−Σ
eS
eS Σ''dϕ
( )
( )
1 .
A x is S im ilar ex cep t:
1 .
e ag
qe ag
d
S fsa t
QX
SX
ϕ
ϕ
= +
−
= +
Machine Model GENTRA
fdE+
Machine Model GENTRA Salient Pole Generator without Amortisseur Windings
+
Model supported by PSLF
di
−
'dX
'd dX X−+
+
d AXIS−
ad fdL i
qX qiq AXIS−
eS
'
1
d os T Σ−
Σ
Σ
Machine Model GENWRI
MECHP+
−
Machine Model GENWRI Wound-rotor Induction Generator Model with Variable External
Rotor Resistance
−
+1
2Hs
Model supported by PSLF
rω slip0ω÷Σ
ELECP
Σ
Sf
( )( )
( )( )( )
( )( )
'0
'0
'
'0
'
'0
'
'
2
22 2
( )
( )
s l
s
fd d s dfd fq
fq q s qfq fd
d fd
q fq
L LR T p o
L L
R T p oTR ex R
S L L is l ip
T
S L L is l ip
T
−=
−
=+
+ + −= − +
+ + −= − +
=
=
&
&
ω
ϕϕ ϕ
ϕϕ ϕ
ϕ ϕ
ϕ ϕ
( ) ( )( )( )( )
' '
' '
2 2' ' '
'
'
'
q s d d a q
d s q q a d
d q
e sat
d e d
q e d
e Li R i
e Li R i
S f
S S
S S
= − −
= − + −
= +
=
=
=
ω ϕ
ω ϕ
ϕ ϕ ϕ
ϕ
ϕ
ϕ
'0R 2 T p o i s a c o n s t a n t w h i c h i s e q u a l t o T t i m e s
t h e t o t a l r o t o r r e s i s t a n c e . R 2 i s t h e i n t e r n a l r o t o r r e s i s t a n c e R 2 e x i s t h e i n t e r n a l r o t o r r e s i s t a n c e
Machine Model GEWTG
''
( )q cmdEefd
Fromexwtge
Machine Model GEWTG Generator/converter model for GE wind turbines – Doubly Fed Asynchronous Generator (DFAG) and
Full Converter (FC) Models
11 0.02s+
Model supported by PSLF
0s
1''X
−
PlvI11 0.02s+
1s
( )PcmdI
ladifdFrom
exwtge
sorcI
''jX
H igh V oltageR eactive C urrent
M anagem ent
Low V oltageA ctive C urrentM anagem ent
11 0.02s+
2sV
LVPL
xerox(0.5pu)
brkpt(0.9pu)
LowVoltage Power Logic
1.11
LVPL
& LVLP rrpwr
VtermV
Figure 1. DFAG Generator / Converter Model
''
( )q cmdEefd
Fromexwtge
Machine Model GEWTG Generator/converter model for GE wind turbines – Doubly Fed Asynchronous Generator (DFAG) and
Full Converter (FC) Models
11 0.02s+
Model supported by PSLF
0s
1−
PlvI11 0.02s+
1s
( )PcmdI
ladifdFrom
exwtge
sorcIH igh V oltageR eactive C urrent
M anagem ent
Low V oltageA ctive C urrentM anagem ent
11 0.02s+
2sV
LVPL
xerox(0.5pu)
brkpt(0.7pu)
LowVoltage Power Logic
1.11
LVPL
& LVLP rrpwr
VtermV
Figure 1. Full Converter Generator / Converter Model
Machine Model MOTOR1
Machine Model MOTOR1 “Two-cage” or “one-cage” induction machine
Model supported by PSLF
1
1
o r
lr
RL
ω
o SL IPω1drψ
Σ1
1 .
lrL
+
−+
+1qrψ
2
2
o r
lr
RL
ω
o SL IPω
Σ
2drψ
Σ2
1 .
lrL
+
−+
−2qrψ
''m satLΣ
+
+
'' ''d qE ψ− =
''m satL qsi
Σ
eS
mψ
1. ( )sat e mK S ψ= +
''
1 2
1./ 1. / 1. /m sat
sat m lr lr
LK L L L
=+ +
Σ
2
2
o r
lr
RL
ω
o SL IPω2qrψ
Σ2
1 .
lrL
+
−+
+2drψ
1
1
o r
lr
RL
ω
o SL IPω
Σ Σ1
1 .
lrL
+
−+
+1drψ
Σ
1qrψ
''m satL
+
+ Σ
+
−
2 2md mqψ ψ+
''m satL dsi
−Σ+
'' ''q dE ψ=
' '1
'' ''1 2
' '1 1 1 1
'' ' '' '2 2 2 2
1. / (1. / 1. / )
1. / (1. / 1. / 1. / )
/ ( ) ( ) / ( )
/ ( ) ( ) / ( )
m s l
m m lr l
m m lr lr l
o lr m o r m lr m o r
o lr m o r m lr m o r
L L L
L L L L L
L L L L L L
T L L R L L L R
T L L R L L L R
ω ω
ω ω
= −
= + = −
= + + = −
= = +
= = +
mqψ
mdψ
Machine Model SVCWSC
Machine Model SVCWSC Static Var device compatible with WSCC Vx/Wx models
+
+Σ
11
S12
1+sT1+sT
S13
S14
sT1+sT
S3K
Input 1
Input 2
Model supported by PSLF
EM INV
EM AXV
RETV
SVSBC
S1
1+sT1+sTΣ+
−
CX
S2
S3
1+sT1+sT
S4
S5
1+sT1+sT SVSK
1MAXV
1MINV
2*VC MAXK V
2*VC MINK V
Σ Σ
SCS S
S
V VV (from external PSS)
+
S6
11+sT
F as tO v e rR id e
MAXB
MINB
π
BUSV
S1
S7
K1+sT
8
S9
1+ sT1+sT
S2
S10
K1+sT
+
+ +
−
SCSM INV
SCSM AXV
SCSV
if Vbus<V1vcl, Kvc = 0.if Vbud>V2vcl for Tdvcl sec., Kvc =1.
Voltage Clamp Logic
Generator Other Model LCFB1
Turbine Load Controller Model LCFB1
mwsetP 1Ks
++
PK
−
+
bFMAXe
MAXe−db
db−
11 PELECsT+
Σ
genP
rmaxL
rmaxL−
rmaxL
rmaxL−
Σ +
+
0refP
Σ refP
Model supported by PSLF
Σ
Frequency Bias Flag - fbf, set to 1 to enable or 0 to disablePower Controller Flag - pbf, set to 1 to enable or 0 to disable
Model supported by PSSEMAX MINThe G G limit is modeled as non-windup in PSSE but as a windup limit in Simulator.
MAXGΔωSpeed
Governor HYGOV4
G VN
GVP
GV
Governor HYGOV4 Hydro Turbine-Governor Model
+ 11 psT+
−
1
gT1s
+
+−
1dbΔω ΣCU
OU
2d b
permR+
1r temp
r
sT RT s+
Σ
−
turbD
Σ
π
tA
Model supported by PSLF
mechP
refP MAXP
MINP
G V
1
WsTHdam
πqNL
Σ÷ πΣ+
− +
−
H 4
GVP GVq/P
q
3
21
GV0, PGV0...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of blockGVN
W
1 - Velocity2 - Gate3 - Rtemp4 - T
States
Bgv0...Bgv5, Bmax, Tblade not implemented in Simulator
Governor HYST1
Governor HYST1 Hydro Turbine with Woodward Electro-Hydraulic PID Governor,
Surge Tank, and Inlet Tunnel
− ip
KKs
+Σ+
11 asT+
1d
a
sKsT+
Σ+
+
11 asT+
1perm
reg
RsT+
Σ +
−
11 bsT+
MAXG
MING
( )G s +
turbD
Σ−
GVP
GV
refP
genP
Δω
mechP
4
3
21
5
6
9
7
8
Model supported by PSLFNot yet implemented in Simulator
Governor IEEEG1
Governor IEEEG1 IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model
−
−
HPΔω
SPEED
4
11 sT+
2
1
(1 )1
K sTsT++ 3
1T
CU
OU1s
MAXP
MINP
Σ
1K
5
11 sT+
3K
6
11 sT+
5K
7
11 sT+
7K
Σ Σ
2K 4K 6K 8K
Σ Σ
Σ
Σ
HPPMECH
LPPMECH
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
++
++
+
M1P
M2P
+
Model supported by PSLF includes hysteresis that is read but not implemented in SimulatorModel supported by PSSE does not include hysteresis and nonlinear gain
Governor W2301 Woodward 2301 Governor and Basic Turbine Model
Speed
11 VsT+Valve Servo
+ Σ−
−GammaΣ
+
1 2Beta s+ ⋅
Σ+
−
11 psT+
1 0.5(1.05 )
Rho sBeta s Alpha
+ ⋅⋅ −
SpeedRef
+ Σ
gnl
−Turbine
PIController
+
mechP3
21
4
1 - PelecSensed2 - PI3 - Valve4 - Turbine
States
D
11
t turb
turb
sKTsT
++
refP
Model supported by PSLFGain, Velamx read but not implemented in Simulator.
Gmax
Gmin
elecP
Governor WEHGOV
Governor WEHGOV Woodward Electric Hydro Governor Model
0 (S p e e d d e a d b a n d )( ) (S p e e d d e a d b a n d ) (S p e e d d e a d b a n d )( ) (S p e e d d e a d b a n d ) (S p e e d d e a d b a n d )
O u t if E R RO u t E R R I if E R RO u t E R R I if E R R
(Gate 1, Flow G1)...(Gate 5, Flow G5) are x,y coordinates of Flow vs. Gate function(Flow P1, PMECH 1)...(Flow P10, PMECH 10) are x,y coordinates of Pmss vs. Flow function
+−
1−10
refP
Governor WESGOV
Governor WESGOV Westinghouse Digital Governor for Gas Turbine Model
*
Droop
ΔωSpeed
PK
+1
IsT ( )( )1 2
11 1sT sT+ +Σ+
11 pesT+
**
+
−
Σ
Reference
−
Digital Control ***
lim
* Sample hold with sample period defined by Delta TC.**Sample hold with sample period defined by Delta TP.
***Maximum change is limited to A between sampling times
.
mechP
elecP
32
1
4
1 - PEMeas2 - Control3 - Valve4 - PMech
States
Model supported by PSSElimA read but not implemented in Simulator
Governor WNDTGE
Governor WNDTGE Wind Turbine and Turbine Control Model for GE Wind Turbines
Model supported by PSLF
++
−
11 psT+
11 5s+
+
RotorModel
Over/UnderSpeed Trip
TripSignalω
rotorω
/pp ipK K s+
20.67 1.42 0.51elec elecP P− + +refω
cmdθ
WindPowerModel
BladePitch
θ
Σ
/ptrq itrqK K s+1
1 pcsT+π
ω
ordP
+
−/pc icK K s+ Σ
Σ
ω
Power ResponseRate Limit
Apcflg is set to zero. Limits on states 2 and 3 and trip signal are not implemented.
To Pitch Control M odel and Converter Control M odel
ω1+Σ−+
−
SimplifiedAerodynamic M odel
π
moP
aeroKΣ+
Blade Pitchθ
0θ
Model supported by PSLF
2
2 1When windspeed > rated windspeed, blade pitch initialized to 10.75 W
ThetaV
θ⎛ ⎞
= −⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠
Damp
shaftD
12 tH
1s
12 gH
1s
1s
K
÷
÷
Σ
Σ
Σ
Σ
Σ
tω
gω
mechP
genP
mechT
elecT
tω
gω
0ω
0ω
tωΔ
gωΔ
tgωΔtgωΔ
−
−
−
+
+
+
+
−
1
2
3 41s
Governor WT3T1
Governor WT3T1 Mechanical System Model for Type 3 Wind Generator
Model supported by PSSE
+−Σ
Σ
Σ
Σ
Σ
+
+
+
+ +
−
−
+ +
−
+
−
shaftD
12 tH s
12 gH s
1s
baseω
Σ shaftKs
elecT
mechT
t tfrac
g t2
t gshaft
0
H =H×HH =H-H
2H ×H ×(2π×Freq1)K =
H×ω
3
2
1
4
Damp
+ Σ−+−
InitialPitchAngle
π aeroP initialaeroKΣ
+Blade Pitchθ
0θ1
1 State 1+
baseω
baseω
From W T3P1 M odel
−
0ω
Rotor Angle
Deviation
Initial rotor slip
mechTΣ
tωΔ
gωΔ
tgωΔ
gω
Governor BBGOV1
European Governor Model BBGOV1
−
−
OP
+
+
11P
NK
sT⎛ ⎞⎜ ⎟+⎝ ⎠
−
+Speed
ωΔ
PELEC
cutf
cutf
SK
LSK
LSK−
G
LS
KK
1s
Σ
1
11 sT+
Σ 1D
D
sKsT+
MAXP
MINP
0SWITCH =
0SWITCH ≠
4
11 sT+ 21 K−
31 K−
2
51K
sT+
3
61K
sT+
+
+ +Σ PM ECH
2 3 4 5 61
Governor IVOGO
IVO Governor Model IVOGO
MECHP( )5 5 5
6 6
K A sTA sT
++
( )3 3 3
4 4
K A sTA sT
++
3MAX
3MIN
( )1 1 1
2 2
K A sTA sT
++
1MAX
1MIN
5MAX
5MIN
SPEEDΣ
REF
+
−
2 3 4 5 61
Governor TURCZT
Czech Hydro and Steam Governor Model TURCZT
+
PK
1
IsT
TMAXN
+
Power Regulator
TMINN
+
−
BSFREQ
REFdF
Σ
SBASEMBASE
PELEC
MAXf
MINfDEADf
Frequency Bias
KORK
11 CsT+ MK
−
−+
TREFN
Measuring Transducer
Σ 11 EHPsT+Σ
−
+
Hydro Converter
DEADs
Frequency Bias
STATK
ΣREGY
Governor
+
−
REGY
Regulation Valves
HPK
Turbine
1
UT1s
MAXG
MING
MAXV
MINV
Σ1SWITCH =
0SWITCH =
11 HPsT+
11 RsT+
1 HPK−
1
MKΣ+
+
HP Part
Reheater
Steam Unit
PM ECH
311 2Hs T+
2 1
MK+
− ΣPM ECH
Hydro Unit
2 3 4 5 61
Governor URCSCT
Combined Cycle on Single Shaft Model URCSCT
( , )STOUT A POUT A
Steam Turbine Output (MW)
( )
PlantOutputMW
( , )STOUT B POUT B
( , )STOUT C POUT C(Steam Turbine Rating, Steam & Gas Turbine Rating)
2 3 4 5 61
Governor HYGOVM
Hydro Turbine-Governor Lumped Parameter Model HYGOVM
( )TAILHV
( )LAKEHV
BSCHH
( )SCHH
V
SCHQ
TUNQ
PENQ
TUNNELTUNL / A, TUNLOS
SCHARE
SURGECHAMBER
PENSTOCKPENL / A, PENLOS
TURBINE
Hydro Turbine Governor Lumped Parameter Model
SCHLOS
Governor HYGOVM
Hydro Turbine-Governor Lumped Parameter Model HYGOVM
INPUT OUTPUT
Gate +Relief Valve
π 2O ÷
PENLOS2
2PEN tQ AO gv
sPENL A
π
tA
Σ
2PENQ
+
+ − +
gvsTUNL A
TUNLOS
Σ ΣBSCHH
TAILH
−
Σ −+LAKEH
BSCHH
gvsTUNL A
ΣSCHH
+
+
SCHLOS
−
+
π2SCHQ
SCHQ
Σ TUNQ+
−
PENQ
π
2TUNQ
PENQ
gv Gravitational accelerationTUNL/A Summation of length/cross section of tunnel SCHARE Surge chamber cross section PENLOS Penstock head loss coeficient FSCH
LEGEND :
Surge chamber orifice head loss coeficientPENL/A Summation of length/cross section of penstock, scroll case and draft tube
tA Turbine flow gainO Gate + relief valve opening HSCH Water level in surge chamber QPEN Penstock flow QTUN Tunnel flowQSCH Surge chamber flow
Hydro Turbine Governor Lumped Parameter Model
2 3 4 5 61
Governor HYGOVM
Hydro Turbine-Governor Lumped Parameter Model HYGOVM
SpeedReference
11 fsT+
+
−
+−
−
Speed
+
R
1s
RVLMAX
0
1 r
r
sTrsT+
MAXG
MING
0.01
+
+ Σ
1
gT1s
MXJDOR
MXJDCR
Σ−
DeflectorPosition
1
gT1s
MXGTOR orMXBGOR
MXGTCR orMXBGCR
GateOpening
Σ
Σ−
+
Σ
RVLVCR
Governor Gate Servo
Relief ValveOpening
Jet Deflector
Relief Valve
r
f
R Permanent droopr Temporary droopT Governor time constant T Filter time constantT Servo time constant MXG
g
LEGEND :
TOR Maximum gate opening rateMXGTCR Maximum gate closing rateMXBGOR Maximum buffered gate opening rate
MXBGCR Maximum buffered gate closing openingGMAX Maximum gate limitGMIN Minimum gate limit RVLVCR Relief valve closing rateRVLMAX Maximum relief valve limit MXJDOR Maximum jet deflector opening rateMXJDCR Maximum jet deflector closing rate
2 3 4 5 61
Governor HYGOVT
Hydro Turbine-Governor Traveling Wave Model HYGOVT
Hydro Turbine-Governor Traveling Wave Model HYGOVT
+ +1
sSCHARE SCHH
SCHLOS
+
2SCHQ
SCHQTUNQ
PENQ
Surge Chamber
BSCHHΣ
π
Σ
( , , , )PENSTOCK
PENLGTH PENSPD PENARE PENLOS
Time
TurbineConstraint
VAR(L + 55 + ICON(M))VAR(L + 25 + ICON(M))
Space
Surge ChamberConstraints
/ ( ( ) 1)PENLGTH ICON M +144424443
))
PEN
BSCH
VAR(L + 6 QVAR(L + 26 H
==
FlowsHeads
* ( 1)DELT ICON M⎧⎪+ ⎨⎪⎩
Hydro Turbine Governor Traveling Wave Model
Governor HYGOVT
Hydro Turbine-Governor Traveling Wave Model HYGOVT
SpeedReference
11 fsT+
+
−
+−
−
Speed
+
R
1s
RVLMAX
0
1 r
r
sTrsT+
MAXG
MING
0.01
+
+ Σ
1
gT1s
MXJDOR
MXJDCR
Σ−
DeflectorPosition
1
gT1s
MXGTOR orMXBGOR
MXGTCR orMXBGCR
GateOpening
Σ
Σ−
+
Σ
RVLVCR
Governor Gate Servo
Relief ValveOpening
Jet Deflector
Relief Valve
r
f
R Permanent droopr Temporary droopT Governor time constant T Filter time constantT Servo time constant MXG
g
LEGEND :
TOR Maximum gate opening rateMXGTCR Maximum gate closing rateMXBGOR Maximum buffered gate opening rate
MXBGCR Maximum buffered gate closing openingGMAX Maximum gate limitGMIN Minimum gate limit RVLVCR Relief valve closing rateRVLMAX Maximum relief valve limit MXJDOR Maximum jet deflector opening rateMXJDCR Maximum jet deflector closing rate
Hydro Turbine Governor Traveling Wave Model
2 3 4 5 61
Governor TGOV4
Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model with PLU and EVA Model TGOV4
Generator Power1
REVA
REVA
sTsT+
EVA RateLevel>
EVAUnbalance
Level
>
AN D
Y
Y−
1RPLU
RPLU
sTsT+
Σ
Reheat Pressure
+
Generator CurrentPLU Rate
Level> Timer
AN D LATCH
1IVT
2IVT
#1IV
# 2IVOR
1CVT
2CVT
3CVT
4CVT
#1CV
# 2CV
# 3CV
# 4CVPLU
UnbalanceLevel
> YΣ+
−
Y
N
PLU and EVA Logic Diagram2 3 4 5 61
Governor TWDM1T
Tail Water Depression Hydro Governor Model TWDM 1T
Speed
11 fsT+
1 rsT+
−
+REFN
R
1s
1
rrT1
1 gsT+
GATE MAX
GATE MIN
VELM OPEN
VELM CLOSE
Σ
+
+Σ
e c
1
WsT tA 1.0π π÷ Σ+
−
−
+
−
+Σ Σh q
1 qNL turbD
Speed
PMECH
0.
g
Tail Water Depression Model 1
2s f sFΔ <
2f FΔ <
1f FΔ <
Measured Frequency
FREQΔ 11 ftsT+ 2FT LATCH
1FT LATCH
AN DOR
Trip TailWater
Depression
Tail Water Depression Trip Model
fΔ
2 3 4 5 61
Governor TWDM2T
Tail Water Depression Hydro Governor Model TWDM 2T
+
−SPEEDωΔ
1s
11 BsT+
ATMXG
ATMNG
ELMXV
ELMNV
+
1
WsT tA 1.0π π÷ Σ+
−
−
+
−
+Σ Σh q
1 qNL
turbD
PMECH
0.
Tail Water Depression Model 2
2s f sFΔ <
2f FΔ <
1f FΔ <
Measured Frequency
FREQΔ 11 ftsT+ 2FT LATCH
1FT LATCH
AN DOR
Trip TailWater
Depression
Tail Water Depression Trip Model
fΔ
( )21
1 AsT+LOGIC
1s
TWD Lock MAX
TWD Lock MIN TwoTrip
PK
DsK
Σ+
++
1 REG
RegsT+
ELECTP
−
REFP
Σ
Σ
2 3 4 5 61
2 CR
HVDC Two Terminal DC Control Diagram
1
2 3
(1 )(1 )(1 )
K sTsT sTα− +
+ +
ΣD E SP M O DPR E C T+ +
DESDES
MEAS
PIV
=11 vsT+
DCV MEASVDESIC O N S T A N T
P O W E RC O N S T A N TC U R R E N T
MEASVMINV
MAXI
MINI
If If , If ,
MIN DES MAX
ORD DES
MIN DES ORD DES
MAX DES ORD MAX
I I II II I I II I I I
≤ ≤=> =< =
11 CsT+
DCIMAXI
+
−
− +
MARGINSWITCHLOGIC 10%*
*MIN MAX
MIN LIM RATED
I IV V V
==
ORDI−LIM
0
Σ'Vα +
+
Σcoscos
R
I
αα
11 DsT+
1.35 CE
Vαcos cos
cos cos
R oOR
IOR
VEVE
α
α
α γ
α γ
= −
= −
OR OIE E
( )MEASI
RECTIFIER ( )MEASI
INVERTER
( )MODI
RECTIFIER
( )
CURRENTMARGIN
INVERTER
V O L T A G ET R A N S D U C E R
C U R R E N TT R A N S D U C E R
0 min(cos cos ) 2 ( )(cos cos ) 2 ( )
OR MEAS C
OI STOP MEAS C
LIM E I R RECTLIM E I R IVERT
γ γγ γ
= + −= + −
MEASI
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
HVDC WSCC Stability Program Two-Terminal DC Line Model
A rV A iV
'rD '
iDrV iV p iV
crX crR srL R L siL ciRviV ciX
1 2
3
vrV
p rV
rP iP
I
r rP G E N jQ G E N+
1 : rNi iP G E N jQ G E N−
: 1iN
' '
'
3 2 3 2 co s co s2
3co s P G E N
co s
crr r A R p r r r
p r
r r cr r r
rr
r
IXE N V VV
ID E X D I
DE
γ θπ π
απ
θ
= = = −
= − =
=
' '
'
3 2 3 2 co s co s2
3co s P G E N
co s
c ii i A i p i i i
p i
i i c i i i
ii
i
IXE N V VV
ID E X D I
DE
β θπ π
απ
θ
= = = −
= − =
=
''
'''
( c o s c o s ) /
( c o s c o s ) /3W H E R E ( )
r M I N i M I N v r v i T O T
r M I N i S T O P v r v i T O T
T O T c r c i c r c i
I E E V V R
I E E V V R
R R R R X X
α γ
α γ
π
= − − −
= + − −
= + + + −
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
6 CXπ
HVDC-MTDC Control System for Rectifiers and Inverters without Current Margin
1
2 3
(1 )(1 )(1 )
K sTsT sTα− +
+ +
DESDES
MEAS
PIV
=11 vsT+
DCV LAGVDESIC O N S T A N T
P O W E RC O N S T A N TC U R R E N T
VDV
MAXI
MINI
If If , If ,
MIN D MAX
ORD D
D MAX ORD MAX
D MIN ORD MIN
I I II II I I II I I I
≤ ≤=
> =< =
11 CsT+
DCI
−
ORDILIM
0.0
3V
11 LIMsT+
doV
cos cos ONdoL
VV
αα γ= −
MEASI
REFI
0 min
0
(cos cos ) (cos cos )
doL
doL STOP
RECT LIM VINV LIM V
γ γγ γ
= += +
MEASI
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
+
Σ
1V Vα GREATEROF THE
TWO
CV
doLV
+1.
1.−
cosα
'MAXI
−
6 CXπ
HVDC-MTDC Control System for Terminals with Current Margin
1
2 3
(1 )(1 )(1 )
K sTsT sTα− +
+ +
+
ORDI
LIM
0.0
3V
11 LIMsT+
doV
cos cos ONdoL
VV
αα γ= −
MEASI
MARGI
(cos cos )doL ON STOPLIM V γ γ= +
MEASI
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
+
1V Vα GREATEST
OF THETWO
CV
doLV
+1.
1.−
cosα
−
DCI 11 CsT+
1ORDI2ORDI
3ORDI
-1ORD NI
... Σ
Σ
2 ( )cos cosC MARGON o
do INITIAL
R FRAC IV
γ γ= +
(cos cos ) 2CORD do ON o C ORDV V R Iγ γ= − +
CORDV
0.25FRAC =
HVDC Detailed VDCL and Mode Change Card Multi-Terminal
DES
MEAS
PV
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
DES
MEAS
PV
1MEAS CV V>
ORDI
MEASV NO
YES
DESI
VDCL
1
Mode Change PU rated DC Voltage below
which mode is changed to constant from constant
CV
I P
1.0
1Y
0Y
1V 2V
CURRENT
VOLTAGE
1 0
1 2
VDCL, PU Current on rated Current base, V PU Voltage on rated Voltage base
Y YV
HVDC Equivalent Circuit of a Two Terminal DC Line
d rV d iV ciE
rX crR LR ciR iX
crE
dI, r rP Q
1 : T
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
+
−
+
−
rR eq rR eq iR iR
, i iP Q
rE α iE αco sd o r rV α co sd o i iV α−
1 : T
D rV D iV
2 CR
HVDC BPA Converter Controller
1
2 3
(1 )(1 )(1 )
K sTsT sTα− +
+ +
ΣD E SP M O DPR E C T+ +
DESDES
MEAS
PIV
=11 vsT+
DCV MEASVDESIC O N S T A N T
P O W E RC O N S T A N TC U R R E N T
MEASVMINV
MAXI
MINI
If If , If ,
MIN DES MAX
ORD DES
MIN DES ORD DES
MAX DES ORD MAX
I I II II I I II I I I
≤ ≤=> =< =
11 CsT+
DCIMAXI
+
−
− +
MARGINSWITCHLOGIC 10%*
*MIN MAX
MIN LIM RATED
I IV V V
==
ORDI−LIM
0
Σ'Vα +
+
Σcoscos
R
I
αα
11 DsT+
1.35 CE
Vαcos cos
cos cos
R oOR
IOR
VEVE
α
α
α γ
α γ
= −
= −
OR OIE E
( )MEASI
RECTIFIER ( )MEASI
INVERTER
( )MODI
RECTIFIER
( )
CURRENTMARGIN
INVERTER
V O L T A G ET R A N S D U C E R
C U R R E N TT R A N S D U C E R
0 min(cos cos ) 2 ( )(cos cos ) 2 ( )
OR MEAS C
OI STOP MEAS C
LIM E I R RECTLIM E I R IVERT
γ γγ γ
= + −= + −
MEASI
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
C U R R E N TC O N T R O L L E R
DESI
HVDC BPA Block Diagram of Simplified Model
11T DC
L
i IsT+
ΣD E SP( )
M O DPR+ +
DESDES
MEAS
PIV
=11 vsT+
drV MEASVdesIC O N S T A N T
P O W E RC O N S T A N TC U R R E N T
MEASVMINV
MAXI
MINI
If If , If ,
MIN des MAX
ord des
MIN des ord MIN
MAX des ord MAX
I I II II I I II I I I
< <=≥ =≤ =
11 CsT+
dIMAXI
+
+
MARGINSWITCHLOGIC
ORDI
ord rIΣMODI
d MEASI
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
C o n tro l S ch em eL o g ic
desI
+DI
DI +
+
IΔΣ
ord iI
0 0cos cos 2dor doi i
T
V V VR
α γ− −dorV
doiV
ordI
−( )cu rren t m a rg in
. IN V C o n tro lle r
DCI
ord iI
ord rI
dIcoscos
r
i
αα
C o n tro l S ch em e L o g ic
If: ; cos cos 2
T ordr d ordr
i o dor r doi o D T D
T ordi
i I CC CEAControl I IV V V R I
i I CIA CC Controlγ γ α γ
≥ → − → == = + +
≥ → − ; cos cos 2
d ordi
r o doi i do o D T D
ordi T ordr d T
I IV V V R I
I i I CIA CEAControl I iγ γ γ α
→ == = − −
< < → − → = ; r o i oα α γ γ= =
HVDC BPA Block Diagram of Simplified Model
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
1 d
ssT+
11 fsT+
ss ε+
2
2
s sA Bs sC D+ ++ +
K
MINI
MAXIMODI
AC
AC
IP
Low Level Modulation
1 d
ssT+
11 fsT+
ss ε+
2
2
s sA Bs sC D+ ++ +
K*
MINP
*MAXP
MODPAC
AC
IP
High Level Modulation
11 d
ssT+ 1
11 fsT+ 1
ss ε+
21 1
21 1
s sA Bs sC D+ ++ +
1K1
RECTω
21 d
ssT+ 2
11 fsT+ 2
ss ε+
22 2
22 2
s sA Bs sC D+ ++ +
2K2
INVω
MINP
MAXP+
−
MODPΣ
Dual Frequancy Modulation
*MAX MAX DESIREDP P P= − *
MIN MIN DESIREDP P P= −
HVDC BPA Block Diagram of Simplified Model
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
11ssT+
3
41A sT
sT++
5
61B sT
sT++
Kγ
MINγ
MAXγγ
ACV
Gamma Modulation
1 3 4 5
MAX
, , , are in secs. is in degrees/pu volts, are in degrees , must be 1 or zero
HILO must be 5MIN
T T T T KA B
γγ γ
REFV
+
−Σ +
+
Σ
0γ
Load Characteristic CIM5
Load Characteristic CIM5 Induction Motor Load Model
Model supported by PSSE
A AR jX+
mjX1jX
1Rs
2jX
2Rs
Type 1
A AR jX+
mjX 1Rs
2jX
2Rs
Type 2
Impedances on Motor MVA Base
1jX
2 2
DL
Model Notes: 1. To model single cage motor: set R = X = 0.
2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base = PMULT*MW load. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base =MBASE 3. Load Torque, T = T(1+D ) 4. For mot
ω
nom 0
|
or starting, T=T is specified by the user in CON(J+18). For motor online studies, T=T is calculated in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4). 5. V is the per unit vo
|
|
ltage level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set
V=0
6. T is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshold for t Bhe relay to trip. T is the
breaker delay time cycles.
Load Characteristic CIM6
Load Characteristic CIM6 Induction Motor Load Model
Model supported by PSSE
A AR jX+
mjX1jX
1Rs
2jX
2Rs
Type 1
A AR jX+
mjX 1Rs
2jX
2Rs
Type 2
Impedances on Motor MVA Base
( )
2 2
D2L 0
Model Notes: 1. To model single cage motor: set R = X = 0.
2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base = PMULT*MW load. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base =MBASE
3. Load Torque, T = T A +B +C +D
4.
E
ω ω ω
nom 0
|
For motor starting, T=T is specified by the user in CON(J+22). For motor online studies, T=T is calculated in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4). 5. V is the per
|
|
unit voltage level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set
V=0
6. T is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshol Bd for the relay to trip. T is the breaker delay time cycles.
1jX
Load Characteristic CIMW
Load Characteristic CIMW Induction Motor Load Model
Model supported by PSSE
A AR jX+
mjX1jX
1Rs
2jX
2Rs
Type 1
A AR jX+
mjX 1Rs
2jX
2Rs
Type 2
Impedances on Motor MVA Base
( )
2 2
D2L 0
Model Notes: 1. To model single cage motor: set R = X = 0.
2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base = PMULT*MW load. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base =MBASE
3. Load Torque, T = T A +B +C +D where C0E
ω ω ω 0 0
2
0
|
=1 A B D .
4. This model cannot be used formotor starting studies. T is calculated in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4). 5. V is the per unit voltage
Eω ω ω− − −
|
|
level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set
V=0
6. T is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshold for the rel Bay to trip. T is the breaker delay time cycles.
1jX
Load Characteristic CLOD
Load Characteristic CLOD Complex Load Model
Model supported by PSSE
P jQ+
Tap
O
R jXP+
Load MW input on system baseOP =
I
V
I
V
ConstantMVA 2
*
*
PKRO
RO
P P V
Q Q V
=
=
LargeMotors
SmallMotors
DischargeMotors
TransformerSaturation
RemainingLoads
M M
Load Characteristic EXTL
Load Characteristic EXTL Complex Load Model
PKs
PMLTMX
PMLTMN
1
initialP−
+
Σπ
initialP
MULTPactualPQK
s
QMLTMX
QMLTMN
1
initialQ−
+
Σπ
initialQ
MULTQactualQ
Load Characteristic IEEL
Load Characteristic IEEL Complex Load Model
Model supported by PSSE
( )( )
( )( )
31 2
5 64
1 2 3 7
4 5 6 8
1
1
nn nload
n nnload
P P av a v a v a f
Q Q a v a v a v a f
= + + + Δ
= + + + Δ
Load Characteristic LDFR
Load Characteristic LDFR Complex Load Model
Model supported by PSSE
m
OO
n
OO
r
p poO
s
q qoO
P P
Q Q
I I
I I
ωω
ωω
ωω
ωω
⎛ ⎞= ⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ ⎞= ⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ ⎞= ⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ ⎞= ⎜ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Load Characteristic BPA INDUCTION MOTOR I
Load Characteristic BPA Induction MotorI Induction Motor Load Model
S SR jX+
mjX
RjX
RRRs
= , MWST E
MECHANICALLOAD
2
2
Model Notes: Mechanical Load Torque, ( ) where C is calculated by the program such that 1.0 1
OT A B C T
A B C
ω ω
ω ωω ω
= + +
+ + == −
Model in the public domain, available from BPA
Load Characteristic BPA TYPE LA
Load Characteristic BPA Type LA Load Model
( )( )20 1 2 3 4 1 * DPP P PV PV P P f L= + + + +Δ