Blečić Kavur, M., Pravidur, A. 2012 - Illyrian helmets from Bosnia and Herzegovina

35

Dr. Martina Blečić KavurUniversity of Rijeka, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences

Andrijana PravidurNational Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Illyrian helmets from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Original scientific paperUDK: 903.05 ( 497.6 ) " 6385/6387 "

A remarkable number of Illyrian type helmets have been recorded in present-day Bosnia and Herzegovina. These bronze helmets, used as part of a warrior’s defence weapons or as emblems of status, of symbolic, parade nature, were made in the early Iron Age, and were of various types and variants. Their cultural features and hi-storical trajectory are traced by means of 24 specimens and accom-panying fragments, originating from no fewer than 20 sites scatte-red throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina. This is what prompted the research, the result of which is a detailed catalogue of all the helmets and fragments thereof, particularly those that have already been referred to in the literature but remain essentially unknown. The study was designed to identify the quantity, typological and chronological diversity, geographical distribution and cultural and historical features that have added, both essentially and specifically, to the exhaustive, well-known synthetic studies to date of Illyrian type helmets in general. In the light of the available archaeological data, therefore, we have classified them as type II and III, with their respective variants (II A, III A1-a, III A1-b (?), III A2-a, III A2-b), and traced them chronologically from the 7th to the 4th cen-tury BC, in various cultural settings. The analysis and presentation of the archaeological context of close associations and the material culture of the entire area and surrounding regions are accompa-nied by new observations on military equipment, with a view to advancing knowledge of cultural and historical circumstances in the early Iron Age in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Key words: Bosnia and Herzegovina, military equipment, Illyrian helmets, attire, typology, chronology, geographical dis-tribution, cultural and social features

Introduction

Dr. sc. Martina Blečić KavurSveučilište u Rijeci, Filozofski fakultet u Rijeci

Andrijana PravidurZemaljski muzej Bosne i Hercegovine

Ilirske kacige s područja Bosne i Hercegovine

Originalni naučni / znanstveni radUDK: 903.05 ( 497.6 ) " 6385/6387 "

Na zemljopisnom se prostoru suvremenog teritorija Bosne i Her-cegovine bilježi impozantan broj kaciga ilirskoga tipa. Riječ je o brončanim kacigama koje se, kao dio uporabne obrambene vojne opreme, ili kao amblem statusno-simboličkog paradnog karak-tera, izrađuju i koriste, u različitim tipovima i varijantama, tijekom razdoblja starijeg željeznog doba. Njihova se kulturna obilježja i povijesna vertikala prate na 24 poznata primjerka, i njima pripadajućim ulomcima, koji potječu s čak 20 nalazi-šta razasutih po čitavom teritoriju Bosne i Hercegovine. Takvo je stanje potaknulo ovo istraživanje kojim se prikazuje detaljna kataloška obrada svih kaciga i njihovih ulomaka, pogotovo onih u literaturi do sada navođenih, ali u biti nepoznatih primjeraka. Obrada je izrađena u korist pregleda kvantitete, tipološko-kro-nološke razlikovnosti, prostorne disperzije, te kulturno-povijesne aktualnosti kojima su se bitno i izričito nadopunile dosadašnje iscrpne i poznate sintetičke studije o kacigama ilirskog tipa uopće. Stoga ih, s obzirom na dostupne arheološke podatke, klasificiramo tipom II. i III., s njima pripadajućim inačicama (II A, III A1-a, III A1-b (?), III A2-a, III A2-b), te kronološki slijedimo od 7. pa sve do 4. stoljeća pr. Kr. u različitim kulturnim miljeima. Uz analiziranje i prikazivanje arheološkog konteksta zatvorenih cje-lina te materijalne kulture cijeloga prostora i okolnih regija, pru-ža se novo sagledavanje vojne opreme u svrhu boljeg poznavanja kulturno-povijesnih prilika starijeg željeznog doba na području Bosne i Hercegovine.

Ključne riječi: Bosna i Hercegovina, vojna oprema, ilirske kacige, nošnja, tipologija, kronologija, prostorna distribucija, kulturna i društvena obilježja

Uvod

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M. BLEČIĆ KAVUR / A. PRAVIDUR, ILIRSKE KACIGE S PODRUČJA BOSNE I HERCEGOVINE, GZM n.s. A., 53

Hercegovine

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M. BLEČIĆ KAVUR / A. PRAVIDUR, ILLYRIAN HELMETS FROM BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA, GZM n.s. A., 53

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nia

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Bosnia and Herzegovina

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ng knowledge


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and

7 8 9

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13

39


Neuma,

17

18

Ilirske kacige II tipa

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1), a jedan

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17 and 18

Illyrian helmets of type II

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vessel of

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No, revi

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ere,

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mid 7

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kaciga II A (

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18),39

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38

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45


Ilirske kacige III A tipa

, ,

-makedonski

Illyrian helmets of type III A

,

and -cian

46


ra Bosne i Hercegovine

Bosne i Hercegovine

Varijanta III A1-a ilirskih kacigaIllyrian helmets of variant III A1-a

Graeco-Macedonian

47


dok je kaciga iz

i

where

and

This means

The Gori

48


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and

from

51


52


sli

71

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idework

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53


(

-

-

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Varijanta III A1-b ilirskih kacigaIllyrian helmets of variant III A1-b

hank in

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1 2

3 4 5

6 7 8

56


73

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57


koji su kao

77

78 gdje ujedno nalazimo i 79

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which were included as

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from

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lanci

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nagi konj i nagi konjanik na nagom konju 91 Bu

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rider 91

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suda,98 99 i

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63


insignia,

insi-gnia

Varijanta III A2-a ilirskih kaciga

Bosne i Hercegovine

ed

Illyrian helmets of variant III A2-a


64


iz kaciga iz Gruda

111

111

and from

Thus

,111 which

111

65


Nekoliko ulomaka kaciga, koji su iz

113

113

113

113

66


67


Bosne i Hercegovine

117

118 ili druga kaciga iz Novoga

117

118

,

117

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as

117

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68


119

Kaci

119

119

for which reason Emilian

119

69


razloga Emilian Teleaga je ,

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kaciga

nasilne

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70


131

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131 a ciner

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-

133 No,

133

133

grave goods of diverse kinds and origins – allow

133

72


Bosne i Hercegovine

Bosnia and Herzegovina under discussion, however,

73


o

137

Varijanta III A2-b ilirskih kaciga

137

137

Illyrian helmets of variant III A2-b

137

74


-

75


iz Budve138 139 odnosno

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139

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80


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de

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from Budva,

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rd

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82


Namjesto zaključaka

na

171

171

By way of conclusion

171

171

83


-

84


i

173

Nalazi u

,

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173

173

85


odnosu i ne

177

koje su,

177

Greece,177

177

86


Zahvala

muzej u Beogradu) zes

Acknowledgements

87


Liste nalazišta uz kartografiju178

) i II B (

1

3 1/ II B

3/ II B

1/ II B

II

7 Halkidiki, Thessaloniki (Gr) II B

8 Thessaloniki (Gr)9 Lefkadia / Naussa (Gr)

11

13 Kozani (Gr)

Ioannina (Gr) 1/ II B

171819

178

88


1/ II B

1 1/ III nalaz

3 nalaz

nalaz

7 Gorica (BiH)

8 1/ III

9

11

Humka I,

13 (Kosovo)Tumul,

89


1/ III

17

18

19

nalaz

1

3

7

8

9

Taline / Glasinac (BiH)

11

13 1/ III nalaz

90


17 3/ III nalazi

18 nalaz

19 Zagvozd (Hr)

Grude (BiH)

(BiH) Naselje

1/ III nalaz

(BiH)Tumul–

1/ III

ulomaka

313/ III

33

1/ III

37 (Kosovo)3839

91


Halkidika (Gr)

Halkidika (Gr)

Thessaloniki (Gr)

Sindos

1/ III

Thessaloniki (Gr)

(Gr)

;

1/ III

92


Lists of finds with cartography178

) and II B (

1

3 1/ II B

3/ II B Graves

1/ II B Grave

II Graves

7 Halkidiki, Thessaloniki (Gr) 1/ II B

8 (Gr)9 Lefkadia / Naussa (Gr) Grave

11 Graves

Graves

13 Kozani (Gr) surroundings

Grave

Ioannina (Gr) 1/ II B

17

18

178

93


19

1/ II B

1 1/ III

3

(BiH)

(Hr)

7 Gorica (BiH)

8 1/ III

9 (BiH)

Glasinac (BiH) Grave I/3

11 Grave

Tumulus I,

grave

13 Tumulus,

94


1/ III Graves

–

17 (Gr)

18

19

1 Grave

3 Grave

(BiH)Individual

–

Individual

7

8 Grave

9

Taline / Glasinac (BiH) Grave

11 (BiH)Grave

95


13 1/ III

(BiH)

(Hr)

17 3/ III

18

19 Zagvozd (Hr)

Grude (BiH)

gradina (BiH)

Grave

graves

1/ III

(BiH)Tumulus

grave

1/ III

Graves

31

3/ III

33 Graves

1/ III Grave

Grave

96


Grave

37 (Kosovo)

38

39

Halkidiki (Gr) Grave

Halkidiki (Gr)

(Gr)

Thessaloniki (Gr)

Graves Sindos

1/ III

Thessaloniki (Gr)

(Gr)

97


;

1/ III

Katalog 179

Gradina, naselje

:

179

Catalogue 179

179

98


Foto

:

Foto

kod Gruda

near Grude

99


:

Foto

:

Foto

100


Foto

101


V

Foto

V

V

Foto

102


:

Foto

103


i

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Foto

and

-ion

104


:

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grave 3

105


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Foto

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Foto

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Foto r

106


:

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:

108


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109


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:

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Foto

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:

mulus

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mulus

112


:

113


kom, odvojenim samo urezanom linijom, u kojem

:

V

kraj

BiH

114


V

115


-

-

,

– K u: -kan

,

-

, u:

in Sarajevo II,

, Dacia

-

-

–

Literatura / Bibliography

116


-

Iliria

Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu

-

-

-

nd

nien,

117


– - 3,

–

– Makedonien,

– Macedonia,

–

–

–

– Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja

– Glasnik Zemaljskog muze-ja IX,

–

–

–

1973 –

–

– ,

– ,

– -

–

–

– 87,

–

– –

–

–

118


–

–

–

– – – Guerrieri,

– muzeja

–

–

– -

–

– Helme, u: – Helme, u: –

,

– –

– 1,

– – –

–

– ,

– Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu

– Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u Sarajevu – Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja

– na,

–

119


, -

/ ,

,

-

, -

-sku

arajevo

Iliria

-

–

120


– Macedonian

–

– -

1988c –

–

– -

–

–

– –

–

– Ocnus

–

– -

–

–

– –

– ,

1997 – ,

–

121


-

Scor-

sks, -

, Univer

Glasnik

, Glasnik Zemaljskog muzeja u

– -nja

–

1983a – -vica

122


-

-nja

-on,

-

,

123


T/Pl – I

1

2

124


T/Pl – II

3

4

125


T/Pl – III

5

6

126


T/Pl – IV

8

7

1

2 3 4

127


T/Pl – V

9

10

128


T/Pl – VI

12

11

129


T/Pl – VII

13

15

14

16

17

18 19

130


T/Pl – VIII

20

21

131


T/Pl – IX

22

23

132


T/Pl – X

24

25

133


T/Pl – XI

26

28

27

29

1 2 3 4

1 2 3

134


T/Pl – XII

30

31

135


T/Pl – XIII

32

33

136


34

35

36

T/Pl – XIV

SADRŽAJ / CONTENTS

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Illyrian helmets from Bosnia and Herzegovina (Original scientific paper) ..........................................................35

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The Roman villa at Mlinčići – Podmočilo in the village of Tišina near Zenica (Original scientific paper) .........137

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of the Kalin hajji-Alija religious and educational complex in Sarajevo (Original scientific paper) .....................251

Eva-Elvira Klonowski:

Anthropological examination of skeletal remains from Bobovac

Completing and refitting skeletal remains (Review article) ...............................................................................293

Upute autorima

Instructions for authors ...................................................................................................................................316

Blečić Kavur, M., Pravidur, A. 2012 - Illyrian helmets from Bosnia and Herzegovina

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